WO2024050985A1 - 一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2024050985A1
WO2024050985A1 PCT/CN2022/134508 CN2022134508W WO2024050985A1 WO 2024050985 A1 WO2024050985 A1 WO 2024050985A1 CN 2022134508 W CN2022134508 W CN 2022134508W WO 2024050985 A1 WO2024050985 A1 WO 2024050985A1
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temperature
model
field
low
constant
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French (fr)
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谭富星
赵峻
邵晴
刘洪涛
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
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CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes

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  • the present invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature and constant-temperature models, and more specifically, to a method and device for determining the working state of a low-temperature and constant-temperature model.
  • the low-temperature constant temperature model is a precision container that establishes low-temperature constant temperature conditions and is thermally insulated from the outside world by inputting a low-temperature fluid medium or connecting a low-temperature refrigerator. It can continuously provide a working environment of high vacuum, ultra-deep cooling, and strong magnetic fields for on-board superconducting coils. , is the core component of the high-temperature superconducting magnet system.
  • the on-board low-temperature and constant-temperature model used by high-temperature superconducting maglev trains has a large number of components and a complex internal configuration, covering high vacuum, ultra-deep cold, and strong magnetic field working environments. Extremely high requirements have been put forward on its structure, functional materials, etc. Require.
  • the temperature field analysis of low-temperature constant temperature models mainly adopts the following two methods: 1 Numerical simulation calculation method based on virtual prototypes, that is, using engineering software to establish a three-dimensional visual model, and using finite element analysis, boundary condition limitations or target parameter approximation and other technical means, through various methods such as background numerical calculation and image processing, and finally effectively determine the changing rules or trends of the thermal physical field of the low-temperature and constant-temperature model. 2 Data acquisition and measurement method based on continuous temperature field, that is, a research method that densely arranges multiple temperature sensors at continuous positions of a low-temperature constant temperature model in advance, and uses the temperature curve formed by the data acquisition system to grasp its internal thermodynamic conditions in real time .
  • the on-board low-temperature and constant-temperature model of the high-temperature superconducting maglev train operates normally, it is jointly affected by electromagnetic force, structural force and heat flow effect. Its internal restraint load, stress and strain conditions are complex, and there are many uncertain factors. Therefore, using The first numerical simulation calculation method cannot simulate an ideal state that is completely consistent with the actual service conditions, and there are deviations or errors in the calculation results. Moreover, the processing of boundary conditions of the low-temperature and constant-temperature model, software solver selection and fault tolerance setting, and computer hardware threads will directly affect the analysis accuracy of the temperature field.
  • the vehicle-mounted low-temperature constant temperature model is affected by factors such as the intricate cooling paths and internal space limitations, it is not suitable to use the second thermal resistance sensor arrangement scheme of the continuous temperature field measurement method.
  • the second method cannot accurately evaluate the uniformity of temperature distribution inside the low-temperature constant-temperature model, and has technical feasibility shortcomings and method integrity defects.
  • the numerical simulation calculation method and the continuous temperature field measurement method in the traditional solution are not suitable for the temperature field analysis of the low-temperature constant temperature model for superconducting maglev vehicles, and thus cannot effectively determine the working status of the vehicle-mounted low-temperature constant temperature model.
  • the present invention discloses a method and device for determining the working state of a low-temperature constant temperature model, so as to realize the temperature field analysis of the on-board low-temperature constant-temperature model of a superconducting maglev train and thereby determine the working state of the low-temperature constant temperature model.
  • a method for determining the working status of a low-temperature and constant-temperature model including:
  • the temperature average value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the first relative temperature difference value are compared with the temperature average value corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field and the second relative temperature difference value. The values are compared to determine whether the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • the preset reference channel selection principle is: the fluctuation amplitude of the temperature data collected within the preset time period is less than the lower limit of the amplitude, and there is no singularity in the time domain-temperature curve formed by each of the temperature data. point, and the average value of each of the temperature data is close to the temperature at the cold head adapter device or the cold transfer connection piece.
  • the standard low-temperature constant temperature model is: each temperature data obtained through each internal temperature sensor channel within the preset time has no jump temperature rise and curve slope mutation phenomenon, and based on considering the discrete space, each The temperature distribution gradient at the location conforms to the low-temperature constant temperature model of the basic laws of thermodynamics.
  • determining the steady-state temperature field of the standard cryostat model and the evaluation temperature field of the cryostat model to be evaluated includes:
  • the temperature average value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the first relative temperature difference value are combined with the temperature average value corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field.
  • the second relative temperature difference value is compared to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state, including:
  • the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in normal or abnormal working status, including:
  • each second transverse histogram in the evaluation temperature field is similar to the first transverse histogram corresponding to the corresponding temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field, then it is determined from the perspective of discrete space temperature field analysis.
  • the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in normal working condition;
  • the discrete space temperature field analysis angle determines that the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in an abnormal working state.
  • a device for determining the working state of a low-temperature and constant-temperature model including:
  • a temperature field determination unit is used to determine the steady-state temperature field of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the evaluation temperature field of the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated, wherein the structure and manufacturing process flow of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated are and the layout positions of their respective internal temperature sensors are exactly the same;
  • a reference channel selection unit is used to select a temperature sensor channel from the steady-state temperature field according to a preset reference channel selection principle as a first reference comparison channel, and select a temperature sensor channel from the evaluation temperature field that is consistent with the first reference channel.
  • the channel corresponding to the comparison channel serves as the second reference comparison channel;
  • the first reference temperature selection unit is used to determine the temperature average value corresponding to the steady-state temperature field of the first reference comparison channel as the first reference temperature, and calculate each temperature average value in the steady-state temperature field.
  • the first relative temperature difference values from the first reference temperature respectively;
  • the second reference temperature selection unit is used to determine the temperature average value corresponding to the evaluation temperature field of the second reference comparison channel as the second reference temperature, and calculate the respective temperature average values in the evaluation temperature field and the second relative temperature difference value of the second reference temperature;
  • a working state determination unit configured to compare the temperature average value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the first relative temperature difference value with the temperature average value corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field. Compare with the second relative temperature difference value to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • the temperature field determination unit includes:
  • the steady-state temperature field determination subunit is used to calculate the average value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model within the preset time period, obtain the respective temperature average values, and calculate the The data set formed by the temperature average set corresponding to all temperature sensor channels in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model is determined as the steady-state temperature field;
  • the evaluation temperature field determination subunit is used to calculate the average value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated within the preset time period, obtain the respective temperature average values, and calculate the average temperature data.
  • a data set formed by a set of temperature averages corresponding to all temperature sensor channels in the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is determined as the evaluation temperature field.
  • the working status determination unit includes:
  • the first histogram drawing subunit is used to draw the average temperature corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the first lateral direction of the first relative temperature difference using the main line of the conductive cooling transfer path as the dividing principle. Histogram, wherein each group of the first horizontal histogram represents the temperature comparison of a main line of the conductive cooling path in the standard low temperature constant temperature model, the abscissa of the first horizontal histogram represents the temperature, and the ordinate represents the layout Each temperature sensor channel in the standard cryostat model;
  • the second histogram drawing subunit is used to draw a second transverse histogram of the temperature average corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field and the second relative temperature difference value, wherein each group of the second The horizontal histogram represents the temperature comparison of a main line of the conductive cooling path in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • the abscissa of the second horizontal histogram represents the temperature, and the ordinate represents the temperature arranged in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • a comparison subunit configured to compare each first transverse histogram in the steady-state temperature field with the second transverse histogram corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field, and determine the Describe whether the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • comparison subunit is specifically used for:
  • each second transverse histogram in the evaluation temperature field is similar to the first transverse histogram corresponding to the corresponding temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field, then it is determined from the perspective of discrete space temperature field analysis.
  • the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in normal working condition;
  • the discrete space temperature field analysis angle determines that the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in an abnormal working state.
  • the present invention discloses a method and device for determining the working state of a low-temperature constant temperature model, which determines the steady-state temperature field of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the evaluation temperature field of the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and The structure, manufacturing process and layout of the respective internal temperature sensors of the low-temperature and constant-temperature models to be evaluated are exactly the same.
  • a temperature sensor channel is selected as the first benchmark comparison channel according to the preset reference channel selection principle, and from Select the channel corresponding to the first reference comparison channel in the evaluated temperature field as the second reference comparison channel, determine the average temperature corresponding to the steady-state temperature field of the first reference comparison channel as the first reference temperature, and calculate The first relative temperature difference between each temperature average in the steady-state temperature field and the first reference temperature is determined as the second reference temperature by the temperature average corresponding to the evaluation temperature field of the second reference comparison channel, and the evaluation temperature field is calculated The second relative temperature difference value between each temperature average value in and the second reference temperature respectively, and the temperature average value and the first relative temperature difference value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field correspond to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field Compare the temperature average value with the second relative temperature difference value to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • the present invention selects a standard low-temperature constant temperature model that is exactly the same as its structure, manufacturing process flow and the arrangement position of its respective internal temperature sensor.
  • a standard low-temperature constant temperature model that is exactly the same as its structure, manufacturing process flow and the arrangement position of its respective internal temperature sensor.
  • temperature field comparison based on spatial discrete form is used to identify the working status of the low-temperature and constant-temperature model with complex structure. It can be applied to superconductivity without the need to use theoretical formula analysis or multi-field coupling simulation calculations.
  • the temperature field analysis of the maglev train's on-board low-temperature and constant-temperature model can effectively determine its working status.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the key components of a low-temperature constant temperature model used in a superconducting maglev train disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining the working state of a low-temperature and constant-temperature model disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3(a) is a schematic layout diagram of a cold guide plate and its surrounding area temperature collection points (part) disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3(b) is a schematic plan view of a cold guide plate and its surrounding area structure disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of induction and classification of related temperature sensor channels disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5(a) is a histogram of a steady-state temperature field disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5(b) is a histogram of a temperature field to be evaluated disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining the working state of a low-temperature and constant-temperature model disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention discloses a schematic diagram of the key components of a vehicle-mounted low-temperature constant temperature model used in superconducting maglev trains.
  • the low-temperature constant temperature model mainly includes: outer cavity vacuum chamber 1, inner cavity coil cavity 2, main Support device 3, suspension frame connection seat 4, conductive cooling structure 5, refrigeration device 6, excitation device 7, heat sink device 8 and high temperature superconducting coil 9.
  • the inner cavity coil cavity 2, the conductive cooling structure 5, the heat sink device 8 and the high-temperature superconducting coil 9 are completely placed inside the outer cavity vacuum chamber 1; the refrigeration device 6, the excitation device 7 and the main support device 3 are located outside.
  • the suspension frame connection seat 4 is completely in the external environment.
  • the excitation device 7 first passes through the heat sink device 8 and then is connected to the high-temperature superconducting coil 9; the refrigeration device 6 first passes through the cooling structure 5 and then is connected to the inner cavity coil cavity 2.
  • the inner cavity coil cavity 2 is in direct contact with the high-temperature superconducting coil 9, but does not form a direct contact relationship with the outer cavity vacuum cavity 1.
  • the inner cavity coil cavity 2 is a low-temperature cavity, and the outer surface is covered with multiple layers of insulation layers to minimize the adverse impact of radiation heat exchange heat flow on the coil.
  • the outer cavity vacuum chamber 1 is a room temperature cavity, with a moderate gap left between the outer cavity vacuum chamber 2 and the inner cavity coil cavity 2.
  • the two form a Dewar structure, which lays favorable conditions for creating a high vacuum insulation environment by weakening the convection heat transfer effect.
  • the main support device 3 is used to carry the Lorentz force exerted by the coil and transmit it to the vehicle body. It is an important structural component of the mechanical part. One end of the device is connected to the inside of the superconducting coil in a cold state of about 35K, and the other end is connected to the side beam of the suspension frame at normal temperature, forming a huge heat leakage thermal bridge, which is the main source of heat leakage in the coil cavity 2.
  • the conductive cooling structure 5 is a complex connection medium that can transmit bidirectionally (cooling in the forward direction and heat flow in the reverse direction) or exchange energy between the high-temperature superconducting coil 9 area and the refrigeration device 6, and the operating temperature limit can be below 20K.
  • the excitation device 7 is used to charge two sets of high-temperature superconducting coils 9 to generate a magnetomotive force that meets the target magnetic field; the heat sink device 8 uses the cold medium to control the Joule heat generation and conductive heat leakage of the current leads to avoid internal cavity coils Cavity 2 deviates from the superconducting operating temperature zone.
  • the PT100 thermal resistance temperature sensor is placed at an important and reasonable position in the low-temperature constant temperature model.
  • the temperature sensors arranged at each position form independent collection channels without interference with each other.
  • the specific operation method is: first spread the two-component adhesive evenly on the pre-arranged temperature sensor area; use quick-drying glue to firmly adhere the temperature sensor to the aluminum sheet with good thermal conductivity to increase the contact area with the surface to be measured. , and press it on the surface of the two-component adhesive; after the reagent is completely solidified, the temperature sensor channel is installed.
  • a combination of software and hardware is used to realize real-time measurement of the temperature data collected by the temperature sensor.
  • the specific method is as follows: connect the external leads of the temperature sensor one by one to the hub of the acquisition board in the hardware level of the data acquisition system, and use a multi-range multimeter to detect the reliability of the line connection between the sensor end and the hub end.
  • the acquisition board is responsible for summarizing the data of each temperature sensor channel and transmitting it to the data acquisition software in the form of a bus.
  • the background of the acquisition software can monitor and arrange it in a low-temperature and constant-temperature model through various technical means such as interpolation processing and electrical signal conversion.
  • the change data of the temperature sensors in each discrete space inside are output in real time in the form of a single time domain curve, and are finally integrated and displayed in the human-computer interaction interface.
  • Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method and device for determining the working status of a low-temperature constant temperature model.
  • a model with the same structure, manufacturing process and layout position of each internal temperature sensor is selected.
  • the standard low-temperature constant temperature model is based on the steady-state temperature field of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the evaluation temperature field of the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • the temperature field comparison based on the spatial discrete form is used to identify the working status of the low-temperature constant temperature model with complex structure.
  • Theoretical formula analysis or multi-field coupling simulation calculation can be applied to the temperature field analysis of the on-board low-temperature constant temperature model of the superconducting maglev train, and thus can effectively determine its working status.
  • FIG. 2 there is a flow chart of a method for determining the working state of a low-temperature and constant-temperature model disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method includes:
  • Step S101 Determine the steady-state temperature field of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the evaluation temperature field of the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated;
  • the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated have exactly the same structures, manufacturing processes, and layout positions of their respective internal temperature sensors.
  • the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated each correspond to a data acquisition device to collect temperature data.
  • the steady-state temperature field refers to the temperature field formed when the partial derivative of the temperature of each channel with respect to time is close to zero or the slope of the temperature dynamic curve fluctuates weakly within a certain time range. It is also called the standard temperature field.
  • the steady-state temperature field includes: the average calculated value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model within a preset time period.
  • the evaluated temperature field includes: the average calculated value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated within a preset time period.
  • the value of the preset time period is determined based on actual needs, such as 72 hours. , the present invention is not limited here.
  • the standard low-temperature constant temperature model in this embodiment is: each temperature data obtained through each internal temperature sensor channel within the preset time has no jump temperature rise and sudden change in curve slope, and based on considering the discrete space, each position
  • the temperature distribution gradient is a low-temperature constant temperature model that conforms to the basic laws of thermodynamics.
  • the response formed by two low-temperature and constant-temperature models during the long-term tracking test process characteristic In practical applications, combined with the dynamic temperature curve of each sensor displayed on the acquisition system interface, and based on the structure, manufacturing process and layout of the respective internal temperature sensors, the response formed by two low-temperature and constant-temperature models during the long-term tracking test process characteristic.
  • the low-temperature and constant-temperature models if the temperature data obtained by the sensor inside it does not have a jump temperature rise or a sudden change in the slope of the curve within a preset time period, and based on considering the discrete space, the temperature distribution gradient at each location conforms to thermodynamics. If the basic rules are met, the low-temperature constant temperature model is determined as the standard low-temperature constant temperature model, and the other low-temperature constant temperature model is determined as the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • Step S102 Select a temperature sensor channel from the steady-state temperature field according to the preset reference channel selection principle as the first reference comparison channel, and select a temperature sensor channel corresponding to the first reference comparison channel from the evaluation temperature field.
  • the corresponding channel serves as the second benchmark comparison channel;
  • the preset reference channel selection principle is: the fluctuation amplitude of the temperature data collected within the preset time period is less than the lower limit of the amplitude, the time domain-temperature curve formed by each of the temperature data does not have singular points, and each of the temperature data has no singular points.
  • the average value of the temperature data is close to the temperature at the cold head adapter or cold connection.
  • the lower limit value of the amplitude can be selected as a number close to 0, so that the fluctuation amplitude of the temperature data collected by the selected first reference comparison channel within the preset time period is extremely small and can basically be ignored.
  • Step S103 Determine the temperature average value corresponding to the steady-state temperature field of the first reference comparison channel as the first reference temperature, and calculate the difference between each temperature average value in the steady-state temperature field and the first reference temperature.
  • the present invention uses the first reference temperature as the benchmark data in the steady-state temperature field to reflect the relative temperature difference between the first reference temperature in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the temperature average of the temperature sensor channels other than the first reference comparison channel or Temperature gradient change trend.
  • Step S104 Determine the temperature average value corresponding to the evaluation temperature field of the second reference comparison channel as the second reference temperature, and calculate the difference between each temperature average value in the evaluation temperature field and the second reference temperature respectively.
  • the second relative temperature difference value
  • the present invention uses the second reference temperature as benchmark data in the evaluation temperature field to reflect the relative temperature difference between the second reference temperature in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated and the temperature average of the temperature sensor channels other than the second reference comparison channel or Temperature gradient change trend.
  • Step S105 Compare the temperature average value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the first relative temperature difference value with the temperature average value corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field and the first relative temperature difference value. Compare the two relative temperature difference values to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • Figure 1 can be used to determine the specific cause of the failure. area or spatial location, and formulate targeted repair and maintenance plans.
  • the present invention discloses a method for determining the working state of a low-temperature constant temperature model, determining the steady-state temperature field of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the evaluation temperature field of the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated, the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • the structure, manufacturing process and the layout of each internal temperature sensor are exactly the same. From the steady-state temperature field, a temperature sensor channel is selected as the first benchmark comparison channel according to the preset reference channel selection principle, and a temperature sensor channel is selected from the evaluation temperature field. The channel corresponding to the first reference comparison channel is used as the second reference comparison channel.
  • the average temperature corresponding to the steady-state temperature field of the first reference comparison channel is determined as the first reference temperature, and the steady-state temperature field is calculated.
  • the first relative temperature difference between each temperature average and the first reference temperature is determined.
  • the temperature average corresponding to the second reference comparison channel in the evaluation temperature field is determined as the second reference temperature, and each temperature average in the evaluation temperature field is calculated.
  • the second relative temperature difference value from the second reference temperature is the sum of the temperature average value and the first relative temperature difference value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the temperature average value corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field.
  • the second relative temperature difference value is compared to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • the present invention selects a standard low-temperature constant temperature model that is exactly the same as its structure, manufacturing process flow and the arrangement position of its respective internal temperature sensor.
  • a standard low-temperature constant temperature model that is exactly the same as its structure, manufacturing process flow and the arrangement position of its respective internal temperature sensor.
  • temperature field comparison based on spatial discrete form is used to identify the working status of the low-temperature and constant-temperature model with complex structure. It can be applied to superconductivity without the need to use theoretical formula analysis or multi-field coupling simulation calculations.
  • the temperature field analysis of the maglev train's on-board low-temperature and constant-temperature model can effectively determine its working status.
  • step S101 may specifically include:
  • the value of the preset time period is determined based on actual needs, such as 72 hours, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • step S105 may specifically include:
  • each set of the first transverse histogram represents the temperature comparison of a main line of the conductive cooling path in the standard low temperature constant temperature model.
  • the abscissa of the first transverse histogram represents the temperature, and the ordinate represents the layout.
  • each temperature sensor channel in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model each temperature sensor channel is composed of two upper and lower bar graphs. The upper bar represents the periodic temperature average of the temperature sensor channel, and the lower bar represents the temperature sensor. The first relative temperature difference value of the channel and the first reference is compared with the average temperature of the channel.
  • Each set of second transverse histograms represents the temperature comparison of a main line of the conductive cooling path in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • the abscissa of the second transverse histogram represents the temperature, and the ordinate represents the temperature arranged in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • Each temperature sensor channel consists of two upper and lower bar graphs. The upper bar represents the periodic temperature average of the temperature sensor channel, and the lower bar represents the relationship between the temperature sensor channel and the first. The two references compare the second relative temperature difference value of the channel temperature average value.
  • the main line of the conductive cooling transfer path is used as the dividing principle, and digital tools are used to draw multiple sets of first transverse histograms of the steady-state temperature field and multiple sets of second transverse histograms for evaluating the temperature field.
  • each first transverse histogram in the steady-state temperature field is compared with the second transverse histogram corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal operating state or abnormal operation. status, specifically including:
  • the temperature field analysis angle determines that the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in an abnormal working state.
  • each group of first transverse histograms of the steady-state temperature field and the second transverse histogram of the evaluation temperature field are compared and analyzed one by one, that is, only the steady-state temperature field and the evaluation temperature field in the same group are compared each time. Data regularity of each sensor channel.
  • the temperature difference between the average temperature of one or more sensor channels in the evaluated temperature field and the second reference temperature shows a change trend that is significantly different from that in the steady-state temperature field or does not conform to the laws of thermodynamics, it means that the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is If there is a local or overall problem (generally poor internal interface contact or structural functional failure), it is necessary to determine the specific area or spatial location where the problem occurs based on Figure 1, and formulate a targeted repair and maintenance plan.
  • the temperature field formed by the method for determining the working state of the low-temperature and constant-temperature model disclosed in the present invention is in a spatially discrete form, and is suitable for evaluation and analysis of large-scale low-temperature and constant-temperature models with complex structures such as those used in high-temperature superconducting maglev trains.
  • This method can also be used to study the regular characteristics of the temperature field at different time periods to achieve the technical goal of exploring the complex thermodynamic mechanism inside the on-board low-temperature and constant-temperature model of the superconducting maglev train.
  • the low-temperature constant temperature model discrete temperature field analysis method proposed by the present invention is used to analyze the fault occurrence points of the low-temperature constant temperature model cold plate and its surrounding areas under service conditions. analysis of the exploration process.
  • the two vehicle-mounted low-temperature and constant-temperature entity models involved are exactly the same to ensure the accuracy and reliability of temperature field assessment.
  • Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of the layout of the temperature collection points (parts) of the cold guide plate and its surrounding area. There are 9 in total, and the collection channel numbers are #1-#9. The data collected on the backside of the cold-conducting copper strip (channel #0, not marked in the figure) in the inner cavity coil cavity is used as a comparison benchmark.
  • the lower cover side of the cold guide plate and its surrounding area shown in Figure 3b is divided into the surface of the cold head adapter (#1), the position near the flexible cold guide adapter (#2), and the bottom of the cold guide plate near the cold head. A total of 5 locations are arranged: area (#3), center area of the cold guide plate (#4), and top area of the cold guide plate at the far cooling head end (#5).
  • the upper cover side of the cold guide plate and its surrounding area shown in Figure 3b is divided into the straight edge positions (#6, #8) of the No. 1 superconducting coil and the No. 2 superconducting coil, and the No. 1 superconducting coil and the No. 2 superconducting coil.
  • a total of 4 positions of superconducting coil arc transition sections (#7, #9) are arranged.
  • FIG. 4 summarizes the classification of the temperature sensors involved.
  • the layout positions of the thermal resistance temperature sensors of the low-temperature and constant-temperature model of the high-temperature superconducting maglev train and its surrounding areas include: the surface of the cold head adapter (#1), near the flexible cold-conducting connector (#2), and the cold-conducting plate area as well as the superconducting coil area.
  • the cold guide plate area can be expanded to the bottom area of the cold guide plate near the cold head (#3), the center area of the cold guide plate (#4), and the top area of the cold guide plate at the far cooling head end (#5);
  • Superconducting The coil area consists of coil No. 1 and coil No. 2.
  • Superconducting coil No. 1 includes: the straight line edge position (#6) and the arc transition section position (#7) of the coil.
  • Superconducting coil No. 2 includes: the straight line inside the coil. edge position (#8) and coil arc transition section position (#9).
  • the temperature of the cold head adapter should be the first to start to decrease after the cryogenic refrigerator is operated.
  • the spatial distance between the cold head and the No. 1 superconducting coil is closer.
  • the superconducting coil is installed inside the coil cavity, so the function of the cold plate is to maintain the cold state of the coil area, absorb excess heat in the coil cavity, and prevent the cold storage material from undergoing phase change, causing the superconducting coil to heat up and exit the superconducting state.
  • each position of the cold plate will be slightly lower than the temperature of the two superconducting coils.
  • the steady-state temperature field shown in Figure 5(a) is in line with the above law.
  • the temperature difference between each collection point and channel #0 is maintained within a small range.
  • thermodynamic point of view it should be judged whether the uneven temperature distribution in the cavity is caused by abnormal fluctuations in air pressure in the low-temperature constant temperature model; from a process assembly point of view, it should be considered Technical problems in the operation during the closing process of the cavity, either due to insufficient amount of solder from the flexible cold-conducting connecting piece to the lateral contact surface of the cold-conducting plate, or due to insufficient grease applied between the coil cavity and the cold-conducting plate. It is good to exert the sealing and bonding effect.
  • the present invention also discloses a device for determining the working state of a low-temperature constant temperature model.
  • FIG. 6 a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining the working state of a low-temperature constant temperature model disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device includes:
  • the temperature field determination unit 201 is used to determine the steady-state temperature field of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the evaluation temperature field of the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated, wherein the structure and manufacturing process of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated are The processes and the placement of their respective internal temperature sensors are exactly the same;
  • the steady-state temperature field includes: the average calculated value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model within a preset time period.
  • the evaluated temperature field includes: the average calculated value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated within a preset time period.
  • the value of the preset time period is determined based on actual needs, such as 72 hours. , the present invention is not limited here.
  • the reference channel selection unit 202 is used to select a temperature sensor channel as the first reference comparison channel from the steady-state temperature field according to the preset reference channel selection principle, and select the first reference comparison channel from the evaluation temperature field.
  • the channel corresponding to the base comparison channel serves as the second base comparison channel;
  • the preset reference channel selection principle is: the fluctuation amplitude of the temperature data collected within the preset time period is less than the lower limit of the amplitude, the time domain-temperature curve formed by each of the temperature data does not have singular points, and each of the temperature data has no singular points.
  • the average value of the temperature data is close to the temperature at the cold head adapter or cold connection.
  • the first reference temperature selection unit 203 is used to determine the temperature average of the first reference comparison channel corresponding to the steady-state temperature field as the first reference temperature, and calculate the average temperature of each temperature in the steady-state temperature field.
  • the first relative temperature difference value between the value and the first reference temperature respectively;
  • the second reference temperature selection unit 204 is used to determine the temperature average corresponding to the second reference comparison channel in the evaluation temperature field as the second reference temperature, and calculate the respective temperature averages in the evaluation temperature field. a second relative temperature difference value from the second reference temperature;
  • the working state determination unit 205 is configured to compare the temperature average value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the first relative temperature difference value with the temperature average value corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field. The value is compared with the second relative temperature difference value to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated When the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in an abnormal working state, it indicates that there is a local or overall problem with the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated (generally poor contact at the internal interface or structural functional failure).
  • the specific cause of the failure can be determined based on Figure 1. area or spatial location, and formulate targeted repair and maintenance plans.
  • the present invention discloses a device for determining the working state of a low-temperature constant temperature model, which determines the steady-state temperature field of the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the evaluation temperature field of the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated, the standard low-temperature constant temperature model and the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • the structure, manufacturing process and the layout of each internal temperature sensor are exactly the same. From the steady-state temperature field, a temperature sensor channel is selected as the first benchmark comparison channel according to the preset reference channel selection principle, and a temperature sensor channel is selected from the evaluation temperature field. The channel corresponding to the first reference comparison channel is used as the second reference comparison channel.
  • the average temperature corresponding to the steady-state temperature field of the first reference comparison channel is determined as the first reference temperature, and the steady-state temperature field is calculated.
  • the first relative temperature difference between each temperature average and the first reference temperature is determined.
  • the temperature average corresponding to the second reference comparison channel in the evaluation temperature field is determined as the second reference temperature, and each temperature average in the evaluation temperature field is calculated.
  • the second relative temperature difference value from the second reference temperature is the sum of the temperature average value and the first relative temperature difference value corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the temperature average value corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field.
  • the second relative temperature difference value is compared to determine whether the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • the present invention selects a standard low-temperature constant temperature model that is exactly the same as its structure, manufacturing process flow and the arrangement position of its respective internal temperature sensor.
  • a standard low-temperature constant temperature model that is exactly the same as its structure, manufacturing process flow and the arrangement position of its respective internal temperature sensor.
  • temperature field comparison based on spatial discrete form is used to identify the working status of the low-temperature and constant-temperature model with complex structure. It can be applied to superconductivity without the need to use theoretical formula analysis or multi-field coupling simulation calculations.
  • the temperature field analysis of the maglev train's on-board low-temperature and constant-temperature model can effectively determine its working status.
  • the temperature field determination unit 201 may include:
  • the steady-state temperature field determination subunit is used to calculate the average value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model within the preset time period, obtain the respective temperature average values, and calculate the The data set formed by the temperature average set corresponding to all temperature sensor channels in the standard low-temperature constant temperature model is determined as the steady-state temperature field;
  • the evaluation temperature field determination subunit is used to calculate the average value of all temperature data collected by each temperature sensor channel in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated within the preset time period, obtain the respective temperature average values, and calculate the average temperature data.
  • a data set formed by a set of temperature averages corresponding to all temperature sensor channels in the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is determined as the evaluation temperature field.
  • the working state determination unit 205 may include:
  • the first histogram drawing subunit is used to draw the average temperature corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field and the first lateral direction of the first relative temperature difference using the main line of the conductive cooling transfer path as the dividing principle. Histogram, wherein each group of the first horizontal histogram represents the temperature comparison of a main line of the conductive cooling path in the standard low temperature constant temperature model, the abscissa of the first horizontal histogram represents the temperature, and the ordinate represents the layout Each temperature sensor channel in the standard cryostat model;
  • the second histogram drawing subunit is used to draw a second transverse histogram of the temperature average corresponding to each temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field and the second relative temperature difference value, wherein each group of the second The horizontal histogram represents the temperature comparison of a main line of the conductive cooling path in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • the abscissa of the second horizontal histogram represents the temperature, and the ordinate represents the temperature arranged in the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated.
  • a comparison subunit configured to compare each first transverse histogram in the steady-state temperature field with the second transverse histogram corresponding to the same temperature sensor channel in the evaluation temperature field, and determine the Describe whether the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in a normal working state or an abnormal working state.
  • comparison subunit can be used specifically for:
  • each second transverse histogram in the evaluation temperature field is similar to the first transverse histogram corresponding to the corresponding temperature sensor channel in the steady-state temperature field, then it is determined from the perspective of discrete space temperature field analysis.
  • the low-temperature and constant-temperature model to be evaluated is in normal working condition;
  • the discrete space temperature field analysis angle determines that the low-temperature constant temperature model to be evaluated is in an abnormal working state.

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Abstract

一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法，确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场（S101），将稳态温度场的第一基准比对通道的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，计算稳态温度场各个温度平均值分别与第一基准温度的第一相对温差值（S103），将评估温度场的第二基准比对通道的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，计算评估温度场各个温度平均值分别与第二基准温度的第二相对温差值（S104），将稳态温度场和评估温度场相同温度传感器通道对应的各温度数据进行比对，以确定待评估低温恒温模型的工作状态（S105）。基于空间离散形式的温度场对比来辨别复杂结构低温恒温模型的工作状态，适用超导磁浮列车的车载低温恒温模型的温度场分析。还公开了低温恒温模型工作状态的确定装置。

Description

一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置
本申请要求于2022年09月05日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211077371.0、发明名称为“一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置”的国内申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及低温恒温模型技术领域，更具体的说，涉及一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置。
背景技术
低温恒温模型是一种通过输入低温流体介质或连接低温制冷机以建立低温恒温条件并与外界热绝缘的精密容器，可持续为车载超导线圈提供高真空、超深冷、强磁场的工作环境，是高温超导磁体系统的核心组成部件。
目前，高温超导磁浮列车所使用的车载低温恒温模型零部件数量多、内部构型复杂，涵盖高真空、超深冷、强磁场工作环境，对其结构、功能材料等方面均提出了极高要求。由于组成低温恒温模型的某些材料在承载超低温工作环境时容易发生机械韧脆转变或元件密封、绝缘等功能性失效现象，如包覆在线圈腔外表面多层绝热层的热稳定性衰减，或者柔性导冷衔接件与导冷板之间的连接失效造成冷量传导性能欠佳等，最终导致超导线圈局部失超或额外磁场损失风险。因此，低温恒温模型的任何部位出现细微问题都会对车载高温超导磁体的整体可靠性和综合服役性能形成巨大挑战。
现阶段，针对低温恒温模型的温度场分析主要采用以下两种方式：①基于虚拟样机的数值仿真计算法，即借助工程软件建立三维可视化模型，并利用有限元分析、边界条件限定或目标参数逼近等技术手段，通过后台数值计算与图像处理等多种方式，最终有效判断低温恒温模型热物理场的变化规律或趋势。②基于连续型温度场的数据采集测量法，即事先将多个温度传感器密集布置在低温恒温模型的连续位置，并借助数据采集系统形成的温度曲线来实时掌握其内部热力学情况的一种研究方法。
然而，高温超导磁浮列车车载低温恒温模型正常运行时，受电磁力、结构作用力和热流效应的共同影响，其内部约束载荷、所受应力应变情况复杂，不确定性因素多，因此，利用第①种数值仿真计算法无法模拟出与实际服役工况完全一致的理想状态，计算结果存在偏差或误差。并且，对低温恒温模型边界条件的处理、软件求解器选择与容错率设定、计算机硬件线程将直接影响温度场的分析精度。由于车载低温恒温模型受导冷路径错综复杂、内部空间限制等因素影响，因此不宜采用第②种连续温度场测量法的热电阻传感器布置方案。另外，第②种方法不能准确评估低温恒温模型内部温度分布均匀性问题，存在技术可行性弊端和方法完整性缺陷。
综上，传统方案中的数值仿真计算法和连续温度场测量法均不适用于面向超导磁浮车辆的低温恒温模型温度场分析，进而无法有效确定车载低温恒温模型的工作状态。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明公开一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置，以实现对超导磁浮列车车载低温恒温模型的温度场分析，进而确定低温恒温模型的工作状态。
一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法，包括：
确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，其中，所述标准低温恒温模型和所述待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同；
从所述稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从所述评估温度场中选取与所述第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道；
将所述第一基准比对通道在所述稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算所述稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第一基准温度的第一相对温差值；
将所述第二基准比对通道在所述评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算所述评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第二 基准温度的第二相对温差值；
将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
可选的，所述预设基准通道选取原则为：在所述预设时间段内采集的温度数据的波动幅度小于幅度下限值，各个所述温度数据形成的时域-温度曲线不存在奇异点，且各个所述温度数据的平均值接近冷头转接装置或导冷衔接件处的温度。
可选的，所述标准低温恒温模型为：通过内部各个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间内获取的各个温度数据无跳跃式温升和曲线斜率突变现象，且在考虑离散空间基础上，各位置的温度分布梯度符合热力学基本规律的低温恒温模型。
可选的，所述确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，包括：
将所述标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述标准低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述稳态温度场；
将所述待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述待评估低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述评估温度场。
可选的，所述将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态，包括：
以导冷传递路径主线为划分原则，绘制所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值的第一横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第一横向柱状图表示所述标准低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路 径主线的温度对比情况，所述第一横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述标准低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
绘制所述评估温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值的第二横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第二横向柱状图表示所述待评估低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第二横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述待评估低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
可选的，所述将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态，包括：
若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势相近，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态；
若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势明显不同或不符合热力学基本规律，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态。
一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定装置，包括：
温度场确定单元，用于确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，其中，所述标准低温恒温模型和所述待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同；
基准通道选取单元，用于从所述稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从所述评估温度场中选取与所述第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道；
第一基准温度选取单元，用于将所述第一基准比对通道在所述稳态温 度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算所述稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第一基准温度的第一相对温差值；
第二基准温度选取单元，用于将所述第二基准比对通道在所述评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算所述评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第二基准温度的第二相对温差值；
工作状态确定单元，用于将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
可选的，所述温度场确定单元包括：
稳态温度场确定子单元，用于将所述标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述标准低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述稳态温度场；
评估温度场确定子单元，用于将所述待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述待评估低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述评估温度场。
可选的，所述工作状态确定单元包括：
第一柱状图绘制子单元，用于以导冷传递路径主线为划分原则，绘制所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值的第一横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第一横向柱状图表示所述标准低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第一横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述标准低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
第二柱状图绘制子单元，用于绘制所述评估温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值的第二横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第二横向柱状图表示所述待评估低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第二横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述待评估低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
比对子单元，用于将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
可选的，所述比对子单元具体用于：
若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势相近，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态；
若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势明显不同或不符合热力学基本规律，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态。
从上述的技术方案可知，本发明公开了一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置，确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，标准低温恒温模型和待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同，从稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从评估温度场中选取与第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道，将第一基准比对通道在稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与第一基准温度的第一相对温差值，将第二基准比对通道在评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与第二基准温度的第二相对温差值，将稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第一相对温差值与评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第二相对温差值进行比对，确定待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。本发明在确定待评估低温恒温模型的工作状态时，选取了一个与其结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同的标准低温恒温模型，针对标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场和待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，采用基于空间离散形式的温度场对比来辨别结构复杂的低温恒温模型的工作状态，无需利用理论公式解析或 多场耦合仿真计算，即可适用于针对超导磁浮列车的车载低温恒温模型的温度场分析，进而能够有效确定其工作状态。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据公开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例公开的一种超导磁浮列车使用的低温恒温模型关键部件组成示意图；
图2为本发明实施例公开的一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法流程图；
图3(a)为本发明实施例公开的一种导冷板及其周边区域温度采集点(部分)的布置示意图；
图3(b)为本发明实施例公开的一种导冷板及其周边区域结构平视示意图；
图4为本发明实施例公开的一种相关温度传感器通道归纳分类流程框图；
图5(a)为本发明实施例公开的一种稳态温度场的柱状图；
图5(b)为本发明实施例公开的一种待评估温度场的柱状图；
图6为本发明实施例公开的一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为便于理解，参见图1，本发明公开了一种超导磁浮列车使用的车载低温恒温模型关键部件组成示意图，低温恒温模型主要包括：外腔体真空腔1、内腔体线圈腔2、主支撑装置3、悬浮架连接座4、导冷结构5、制冷装置6、励磁装置7、热沉装置8和高温超导线圈9。其中，内腔体线圈腔2、导冷结构5、热沉装置8和高温超导线圈9完全放置在外腔体真空腔1的内部；制冷装置6、励磁装置7和主支撑装置3介于外腔体真空腔1与外部环境之间；悬浮架连接座4完全处在外部环境下。励磁装置7先经过热沉装置8再连接至高温超导线圈9；制冷装置6先经过导冷结构5再连接至内腔体线圈腔2。内腔体线圈腔2与高温超导线圈9是直接接触的，但与外腔体真空腔1不形成直接接触关系。
图1所示的低温恒温模型中，设有两套高温超导线圈9(分别为1号和2号)，采用串联连接方式，合理匹配安装在内腔体线圈腔2的内部，用于提供悬浮、驱动和导向所需的磁场。
内腔体线圈腔2为低温腔体，外表面包覆多层绝热层，用来尽可能降低辐射换热热流对线圈的不利影响。外腔体真空腔1为常温腔体，与内腔体线圈腔2之间留有适度间隙。两者形成杜瓦结构，通过削弱对流换热作用，为创造高真空绝热环境奠定有利条件。
主支撑装置3用于承载线圈所受的洛伦兹力并将其传递至车体，是机械部分的重要结构件。装置一端连接在处于约35K冷态的超导线圈内部，另一端连接在处于常温的悬浮架侧梁上，形成巨大的漏热热桥，是线圈腔2漏热的主要来源。
两套高温超导线圈9共用一套导冷结构。导冷结构5是可双向传递(冷量为正向，热流为反向)或交换高温超导线圈9区域与制冷装置6之间能量的复杂连接媒介，工作温度极限值可在20K以下。
励磁装置7用于给两套高温超导线圈9进行充电，产生满足目标磁场的磁动势；热沉装置8利用冷态介质控制电流引线的焦耳产热和传导漏热，避免内腔体线圈腔2偏离超导态工作温区。
所有为该低温恒温模型导冷或传热服务的、能够保证低温恒温模型发挥固有功能的诸多部件，例如附着在高温超导线圈9周围的无氧高纯铜块等，根据功能属性或设计要求，在所有可能造成低温恒温模型导冷(或传 热)异常或阻碍其无法保持真空、低温环境的位置采用可靠的低温螺栓连接或低温密封结构、材料，保证低温恒温模型拥有足够的强度和良好的使用性能。
首先需要说明的是，在对低温恒温模型工作状态进行确定之前，需要明确低温恒温模型内部设计结构，详见图1。确定低温恒温模型整体装配工艺流程，以及容易出现漏热和故障的具体位置。
本实施例在确定低温恒温模型工作状态时，是在合拢低温恒温模型腔体后执行的。其中，在合拢低温恒温模型腔体之前，需要充分考虑低温恒温模型内部各机构所在位置及其发挥的功能作用。根据预估的冷量传输路径，将PT100热电阻温度传感器布置在低温恒温模型重要且合理的位置。
在实际应用中，布置在每个位置的温度传感器均各自形成独立的采集通道，互相之间无干涉影响。具体操作方法为：先将双组分胶黏剂平摊涂在预布置温度传感器区域；利用速干胶将温度传感器与导热性良好的铝片粘牢，以增大与待测表面的接触面积,并压制在双组分胶黏剂表面；待试剂完全凝固后，温度传感器通道即安装完毕。
以低温恒温模型内部各结构属性和不同热传导形式为基准思路，确定导冷传递路径的几大主线，并将布置的各个温度传感器通道分类划别。同时以冷量在空间域内传输的先后时间顺序为依据，定义每条主线内部各温度传感器通道的排布序列。
合拢低温恒温模型腔体后，利用软硬件相结合方式来实现对温度传感器所采集温度数据的实时测量。具体做法为：将温度传感器外部引线逐条连接至数据采集系统硬件层面中采集板卡的集线器上，并利用多量程万能表检测传感器端与集线器端的线路连接可靠性。采集板卡负责将每个温度传感器通道的数据汇总并以总线形式传输至数据采集软件中，采集软件后台则通过插值处理与电信号转换等多种技术手段，能够监控并使布置在低温恒温模型内部各离散空间的温度传感器的变化数据分别以单条时域曲线形式实时输出，最终集成在人机交互界面中显示。
本发明实施例公开了一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法及装置，在确定待评估低温恒温模型的工作状态时，选取了一个与其结构、制造工 艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同的标准低温恒温模型，针对标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场和待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，采用基于空间离散形式的温度场对比来辨别结构复杂的低温恒温模型的工作状态，无需利用理论公式解析或多场耦合仿真计算，即可适用于针对超导磁浮列车的车载低温恒温模型的温度场分析，进而能够有效确定其工作状态。
参见图2，本发明实施例公开的一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法流程图，该方法包括：
步骤S101、确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场；
其中，标准低温恒温模型和待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同。
在实际应用中，标准低温恒温模型和待评估低温恒温模型各自对应一个数据采集设备来采集温度数据。
需要说明的是，稳态温度场指的是在一定时间范围内，各通道温度对时间的偏导数接近零或温度动态曲线斜率浮动较微弱时所形成的温度场，又称标准温度场。
本实施例中，稳态温度场包括：标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据的平均计算值。同样，评估温度场包括：待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据的平均计算值，预设时间段的取值依据实际需要而定，比如72小时，本发明在此不做限定。
本实施例中的标准低温恒温模型为：通过内部各个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间内获取的各个温度数据无跳跃式温升和曲线斜率突变现象，且在考虑离散空间基础上，各位置的温度分布梯度符合热力学基本规律的低温恒温模型。
在实际应用中，结合采集系统界面显示的各传感器动态温度曲线，并依据结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同的两个低温恒温模型在长期跟踪测试过程中所形成的响应特性。针对其中一个低温恒温模型，若其内部通过传感器获得的各个温度数据在预设时间段内 无跳跃式温升和曲线斜率突变现象，且在考虑离散空间基础上，各位置的温度分布梯度符合热力学基本规律，则将该低温恒温模型确定为标准低温恒温模型，并将另一个低温恒温模型确定为待评估低温恒温模型。
步骤S102、从所述稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从所述评估温度场中选取与所述第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道；
其中，预设基准通道选取原则为：在预设时间段内采集的温度数据的波动幅度小于幅度下限值，各个所述温度数据形成的时域-温度曲线不存在奇异点，且各个所述温度数据的平均值接近冷头转接装置或导冷衔接件处的温度。
幅度下限值可以选取一个接近于0的数，使选取的第一基准比对通道在预设时间段内采集的温度数据的波动幅度极小，基本可以忽略不计。
步骤S103、将所述第一基准比对通道在所述稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算所述稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第一基准温度的第一相对温差值；
本发明将第一基准温度作为稳态温度场中的标杆数据，用于体现标准低温恒温模型中第一基准温度与除第一基准比对通道以外的温度传感器通道的温度平均值的相对温差或温度梯度变化趋势。
步骤S104、将所述第二基准比对通道在所述评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算所述评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第二基准温度的第二相对温差值；
本发明将第二基准温度作为评估温度场中的标杆数据，用于体现待评估低温恒温模型中第二基准温度与除第二基准比对通道以外的温度传感器通道的温度平均值的相对温差或温度梯度变化趋势。
步骤S105、将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
在实际应用中，当稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第一相对温差值，与评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平 均值和第二相对温差值的变化趋势相近时，则确定待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态，反之，则确定待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态。
当待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态时，表明待评估低温恒温模型的局部或整体出现了问题(一般为内部交界面接触不良或结构功能性失效问题)，可结合图1判定出现故障的具体区域或空间位置，并制订针对性维修维护方案。
综上可知，本发明公开了一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法，确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，标准低温恒温模型和待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同，从稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从评估温度场中选取与第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道，将第一基准比对通道在稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与第一基准温度的第一相对温差值，将第二基准比对通道在评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与第二基准温度的第二相对温差值，将稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第一相对温差值与评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第二相对温差值进行比对，确定待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。本发明在确定待评估低温恒温模型的工作状态时，选取了一个与其结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同的标准低温恒温模型，针对标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场和待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，采用基于空间离散形式的温度场对比来辨别结构复杂的低温恒温模型的工作状态，无需利用理论公式解析或多场耦合仿真计算，即可适用于针对超导磁浮列车的车载低温恒温模型的温度场分析，进而能够有效确定其工作状态。
为进一步优化上述实施例，步骤S101具体可以包括：
将所述标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述标准低 温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述稳态温度场；
将所述待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述待评估低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述评估温度场。
其中，预设时间段的取值依据实际需要而定，比如72小时，本发明在此不做限定。
为进一步优化上述实施例，步骤S105具体可以包括：
以导冷传递路径主线为划分原则，绘制所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值的第一横向柱状图；
绘制所述评估温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值的第二横向柱状图；
将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
本实施例中，每组所述第一横向柱状图表示所述标准低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第一横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述标准低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道，每个温度传感器通道由上下两个长条图组成，上长条表示该温度传感器通道的阶段性温度平均值，下长条表示该温度传感器通道与第一基准比对通道温度平均值的第一相对温差值。
每组所述第二横向柱状图表示所述待评估低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第二横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述待评估低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道，每个温度传感器通道由上下两个长条图组成，上长条表示该温度传感器通道的阶段性温度平均值，下长条表示该温度传感器通道与第二基准比对通道温度平均值的第二相对温差值。
在实际应用中，以导冷传递路径主线为划分原则，利用数字化工具绘 制稳态温度场的多组第一横向柱状图以及评估温度场的多组第二横向柱状图。
其中，将稳态温度场中的各个第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态，具体包括：
若评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势相近，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态；
若评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势明显不同或不符合热力学基本规律，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态。
在实际应用中，将稳态温度场的每组第一横向柱状图与评估温度场的第二横向柱状图逐个进行对比分析，即每次只比较同一组内稳态温度场和评估温度场中各个传感器通道的数据规律。
若评估温度场中各传感器通道的温度平均值以及第二基准温度变化规律与稳态温度场中对应通道的变化趋势相近，则从离散空间温度场分析角度可以说明，待评估低温恒温模型处于正常工作状态。
若评估温度场中某个或多个传感器通道的温度平均值与第二基准温度的温差呈现出与稳态温度场中明显不同或不符合热力学规律的变化趋势，则说明待评估低温恒温模型的局部或整体出现了问题(一般为内部交界面接触不良或结构功能性失效问题)，此时需要结合图1确定其问题形成的具体区域或空间位置，并制订针对性维修维护方案。
综上可知，本发明公开的低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法，所形成的温度场均为空间离散形式，适用于诸如高温超导磁浮列车使用的结构复杂的大型低温恒温模型评估分析。通过逆向思维，无需利用理论公式解析或多场耦合仿真计算，即可直观、准确、便捷的找到造成超导磁体故障或异常响应的各类可能原因，实用性高。也可利用该方法研究不同时段温度场的规律特性，实现探索超导磁浮列车车载低温恒温模型内部复杂热力学 机理的技术目标。
现以某超导磁浮工程试验样车用低温恒温模型为研究对象，利用本发明提出的低温恒温模型离散温度场分析方法，对服役状态下的低温恒温模型导冷板及其周边区域故障发生点的探寻过程进行分析。
本实施例中，所涉及的两台车载低温恒温实体模型完全相同，以保证温度场评估的准确性和可靠性。
图3a为导冷板及其周边区域温度采集点(部分)的布置示意图，数量共有9个，采集通道编号依次为#1-#9。以内腔体线圈腔中导冷铜条背侧(#0号通道，图中未标出)所采集数据作为比对基准。
图3b所示的导冷板及其周边区域下盖板侧，分为冷头转接装置表面(#1)、柔性导冷衔接件附近位置(#2)、近冷头端导冷板底部区域(#3)、导冷板中心区域(#4)、远冷头端导冷板顶部区域(#5)，共布置5处。
图3b所示的导冷板及其周边区域上盖板侧，分为1号超导线圈与2号超导线圈内直线边位置(#6、#8)、1号超导线圈与2号超导线圈圆弧过渡段位置(#7、#9)，共布置4处。
图4将所涉及温度传感器进行了归纳分类。高温超导磁浮列车车载低温恒温模型导冷板及其周边区域热电阻温度传感器的布置位置包括：冷头转接装置表面(#1)、柔性导冷衔接件附近(#2)、导冷板区域以及超导线圈区域。其中，导冷板区域又可扩展为近冷头端导冷板底部区域(#3)、导冷板中心区域(#4)、远冷头端导冷板顶部区域(#5)；超导线圈区域由1号线圈和2号线圈组成，1号超导线圈包括：线圈内直线边位置(#6)和线圈圆弧过渡段位置(#7)，2号超导线圈包括：线圈内直线边位置(#8)和线圈圆弧过渡段位置(#9)。
正常状态下，若超导线圈有从常温降温至超深冷环境的需求，低温制冷机工作后，冷头转接装置的温度应最先开始降低。相比于2号超导线圈，冷头与1号超导线圈所在位置的空间距离更近，当冷量经柔性导冷衔接件传递至导冷板时，导冷板各区域会随着与冷头距离的改变而形成温度梯度，但在持续制冷条件下不会相差太大。超导线圈安装在线圈腔内部，因而导 冷板的作用在于维系线圈区域的冷态、吸走线圈腔内的多余热量，避免储冷物质发生相态转变，造成超导线圈升温退出超导态。根据热力学第一定律，导冷板各位置会比两个超导线圈所在位置的温度稍低，图5(a)所示的稳态温度场即符合上述规律。并且，各采集点与#0号通道的温差均保持在很小范围内。
但结合图5(b)所示的待评估温度场的柱状图，可以发现：导冷板中心区域(#4)的平均温度十分反常，与其余采集位置形成了明显的温度梯度。此时可从不同维度来分析该现象的形成原因，从热力学角度出发，应判断是否因低温恒温模型内气压的异常波动造成了腔体温度分布呈现不均匀状态；从工艺装配角度出发，应考虑腔体合拢过程中的操作技术问题，或因柔性导冷衔接件至导冷板侧向接触面的焊锡量不足，或因涂抹在线圈腔腔体与导冷板之间的润滑脂未能很好发挥密封贴合效果等。
通过以上对稳态温度场和待评估温度场的对比分析，针对高温超导磁浮列车的车载低温恒温模型出现的反常现象，可快速、有针对性地追溯到造成该故障的各个项点，对后续解决问题、保障超导磁体系统的正常服役状态提供实质性帮助。
与上述方法实施例相对应，本发明还公开了一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定装置。
参见图6，本发明实施例公开的一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定装置的结构示意图，该装置包括：
温度场确定单元201，用于确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，其中，所述标准低温恒温模型和所述待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同；
本实施例中，稳态温度场包括：标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据的平均计算值。同样，评估温度场包括：待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据的平均计算值，预设时间段的取值依据实际需要而定，比如72小时，本发明在此不做限定。
基准通道选取单元202，用于从所述稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从所述评估温度场中选取与所述第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道；
其中，预设基准通道选取原则为：在预设时间段内采集的温度数据的波动幅度小于幅度下限值，各个所述温度数据形成的时域-温度曲线不存在奇异点，且各个所述温度数据的平均值接近冷头转接装置或导冷衔接件处的温度。
第一基准温度选取单元203，用于将所述第一基准比对通道在所述稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算所述稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第一基准温度的第一相对温差值；
第二基准温度选取单元204，用于将所述第二基准比对通道在所述评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算所述评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第二基准温度的第二相对温差值；
工作状态确定单元205，用于将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
在实际应用中，当稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第一相对温差值，与评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第二相对温差值的变化趋势相近时，则确定待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态，反之，则确定待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态。
当待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态时，表明待评估低温恒温模型的局部或整体出现了问题(一般为内部交界面接触不良或结构功能性失效问题)，可结合图1判定出现故障的具体区域或空间位置，并制订针对性维修维护方案。
综上可知，本发明公开了一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定装置，确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，标准低温恒温模型和待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同，从稳态温度场中按照预设基准通 道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从评估温度场中选取与第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道，将第一基准比对通道在稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与第一基准温度的第一相对温差值，将第二基准比对通道在评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与第二基准温度的第二相对温差值，将稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第一相对温差值与评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和第二相对温差值进行比对，确定待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。本发明在确定待评估低温恒温模型的工作状态时，选取了一个与其结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同的标准低温恒温模型，针对标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场和待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，采用基于空间离散形式的温度场对比来辨别结构复杂的低温恒温模型的工作状态，无需利用理论公式解析或多场耦合仿真计算，即可适用于针对超导磁浮列车的车载低温恒温模型的温度场分析，进而能够有效确定其工作状态。
为进一步优化上述实施例，温度场确定单元201可以包括：
稳态温度场确定子单元，用于将所述标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述标准低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述稳态温度场；
评估温度场确定子单元，用于将所述待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述待评估低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述评估温度场。
为进一步优化上述实施例，工作状态确定单元205可以包括：
第一柱状图绘制子单元，用于以导冷传递路径主线为划分原则，绘制所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对 温差值的第一横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第一横向柱状图表示所述标准低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第一横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述标准低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
第二柱状图绘制子单元，用于绘制所述评估温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值的第二横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第二横向柱状图表示所述待评估低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第二横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述待评估低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
比对子单元，用于将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
其中，比对子单元具体可以用于：
若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势相近，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态；
若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势明显不同或不符合热力学基本规律，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态。
需要说明的是，装置实施例中各组成部分的具体工作原理，请参见方法实施例对应部分，此处不再赘述。
最后，还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素， 而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定方法，其特征在于，包括：
    确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，其中，所述标准低温恒温模型和所述待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同；
    从所述稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从所述评估温度场中选取与所述第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道；
    将所述第一基准比对通道在所述稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算所述稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第一基准温度的第一相对温差值；
    将所述第二基准比对通道在所述评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算所述评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第二基准温度的第二相对温差值；
    将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的确定方法，其特征在于，所述预设基准通道选取原则为：在所述预设时间段内采集的温度数据的波动幅度小于幅度下限值，各个所述温度数据形成的时域-温度曲线不存在奇异点，且各个所述温度数据的平均值接近冷头转接装置或导冷衔接件处的温度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的确定方法，其特征在于，所述标准低温恒温模型为：通过内部各个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间内获取的各个温度数据无跳跃式温升和曲线斜率突变现象，且在考虑离散空间基础上，各位置的温度分布梯度符合热力学基本规律的低温恒温模型。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的确定方法，其特征在于，所述确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，包括：
    将所述标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内 采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述标准低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述稳态温度场；
    将所述待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述待评估低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述评估温度场。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的确定方法，其特征在于，所述将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态，包括：
    以导冷传递路径主线为划分原则，绘制所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值的第一横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第一横向柱状图表示所述标准低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第一横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述标准低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
    绘制所述评估温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值的第二横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第二横向柱状图表示所述待评估低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第二横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述待评估低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
    将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的确定方法，其特征在于，所述将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态，包括：
    若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相 应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势相近，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态；
    若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势明显不同或不符合热力学基本规律，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为异常工作状态。
  7. 一种低温恒温模型工作状态的确定装置，其特征在于，包括：
    温度场确定单元，用于确定标准低温恒温模型的稳态温度场以及待评估低温恒温模型的评估温度场，其中，所述标准低温恒温模型和所述待评估低温恒温模型的结构、制造工艺流程及各自内部温度传感器的布置位置完全相同；
    基准通道选取单元，用于从所述稳态温度场中按照预设基准通道选取原则选取一个温度传感器通道作为第一基准比对通道，以及从所述评估温度场中选取与所述第一基准比对通道相对应的通道作为第二基准比对通道；
    第一基准温度选取单元，用于将所述第一基准比对通道在所述稳态温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第一基准温度，并计算所述稳态温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第一基准温度的第一相对温差值；
    第二基准温度选取单元，用于将所述第二基准比对通道在所述评估温度场对应的温度平均值确定为第二基准温度，并计算所述评估温度场中各个温度平均值分别与所述第二基准温度的第二相对温差值；
    工作状态确定单元，用于将所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值，与所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的确定装置，其特征在于，所述温度场确定单元包括：
    稳态温度场确定子单元，用于将所述标准低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述标准低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的 温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述稳态温度场；
    评估温度场确定子单元，用于将所述待评估低温恒温模型中每个温度传感器通道在所述预设时间段内采集的所有温度数据计算平均值，得到各自温度平均值，并将所述待评估低温恒温模型中所有的温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值集合形成的数据集，确定为所述评估温度场。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的确定装置，其特征在于，所述工作状态确定单元包括：
    第一柱状图绘制子单元，用于以导冷传递路径主线为划分原则，绘制所述稳态温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第一相对温差值的第一横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第一横向柱状图表示所述标准低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第一横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述标准低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
    第二柱状图绘制子单元，用于绘制所述评估温度场中每个温度传感器通道对应的温度平均值和所述第二相对温差值的第二横向柱状图，其中，每组所述第二横向柱状图表示所述待评估低温恒温模型中的一条导冷路径主线的温度对比情况，所述第二横向柱状图的横坐标表示温度，纵坐标表示布置在所述待评估低温恒温模型中的各个温度传感器通道；
    比对子单元，用于将所述稳态温度场中的各个所述第一横向柱状图和所述评估温度场中相同温度传感器通道对应的所述第二横向柱状图进行比对，确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态或异常工作状态。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的确定装置，其特征在于，所述比对子单元具体用于：
    若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势相近，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒温模型为正常工作状态；
    若所述评估温度场中各个所述第二横向柱状图与所述稳态温度场中相应温度传感器通道对应的所述第一横向柱状图的变化趋势明显不同或不符合热力学基本规律，则从离散空间温度场分析角度确定所述待评估低温恒 温模型为异常工作状态。
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