WO2024048181A1

WO2024048181A1 - Machine tool and management system

Info

Publication number: WO2024048181A1
Application number: PCT/JP2023/028221
Authority: WO
Inventors: 則夫賀来
Original assignee: スター精密株式会社
Priority date: 2022-08-30
Filing date: 2023-08-02
Publication date: 2024-03-07
Also published as: JP2024033059A

Abstract

The present invention provides a technology that makes it possible to increase convenience in managing products formed by a machine tool. A machine tool (1) comprises: a drive unit (U11, U12) that changes the relative positional relationship between a workpiece (W1) and a tool (TO1); a reception unit (U2) that receives input of information (IN1) for causing a detection device (200) to perform detection; and a control unit (U3). The control unit (U3) causes the drive unit (U1) to change the relative positional relationship to form, in the workpiece (W1) during machining by the tool (TO1), a cut trace (C1) including embedded information (IN2) from which the information (IN1) can be detected by the detection device (200).

Description

Machine tools and management systems

The present invention relates to a machine tool that cuts a workpiece with a tool, and a management system that includes the machine tool.

NC machine tools such as NC (numerical control) lathes form products such as cut parts by cutting a workpiece with a tool according to a machining program. In order to manage products formed from workpieces, stickers printed with identification codes such as bar codes are affixed to the products, or stamps are stamped on the products.

The information acquisition and identification system disclosed in Patent Document 1 photographs an n-dimensional symbol attached to a part or product and a satin pattern formed thereon, acquires information regarding the part or product, and identifies the part, product, or , identify products whose components are parts. A part or product is attached with an n-dimensional symbol indicating information regarding the part, the product, or a product having the component as a component, and a satin pattern is formed at a location determined by the n-dimensional symbol. The information acquisition and identification system is provided with an image feature storage means for acquiring and storing image features of a satin pattern formed on a part or product. The information acquisition and identification system acquires information about parts or products from an image of an n-dimensional symbol extracted from a photographed image, and compares the image characteristics of the satin pattern image extracted from the photographed image with the stored image characteristics. and identify parts, products, or products that have parts as components.

International Publication No. 2014/163015

Products formed using machine tools often have oil attached to them, so if a sticker is attached to the product, the sticker may peel off while the product is being handled. Furthermore, it is not easy to change the markings stamped on products. For example, in order to embed data that changes daily, such as by lot or production date, into a product, it is necessary to change the stamp every day, which is very troublesome.
In the information acquisition and identification system described above, it is not known in advance what kind of satin pattern will be formed on the parts or products. Therefore, in the above information acquisition and identification system, it is necessary to store the image characteristics of the satin pattern in advance in the image feature storage means by photographing the formed satin pattern, etc. It takes time to prepare the means.

In view of the above, it is desirable to improve the convenience of managing products formed by machine tools.
The present invention discloses a machine tool and a management system that can improve the convenience of managing products formed from workpieces.

The machine tool of the present invention is
a drive unit that changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool;
a reception unit that receives input of information for the detection device to detect;
The drive unit includes a control unit that changes the relative positional relationship so that cutting marks including embedded information that can be detected by the detection device are formed on the workpiece during machining with the tool. , has aspects.

Further, the management system of the present invention is a management system including a machine tool and an information detection device,
The machine tool is
a drive unit that changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool;
a reception unit that receives input of the information;
The drive unit includes a control unit that changes the relative positional relationship so that cutting marks including embedded information that can be detected by the detection device are formed on the workpiece during machining with the tool. ,
The detection device has an aspect of detecting the information from the embedded information formed on the workpiece.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a technology that can improve the convenience of managing products formed by machine tools.

1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example of a management system including a machine tool and a detection device. FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing a configuration example of an electric circuit of a machine tool. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of cutting marks formed on the surface of a workpiece due to movement of the cutting edge of an end mill. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of embedded information included in cutting marks. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of forming embedded information in the form of a barcode. FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an example in which four-valued unit information is formed with the same length. FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing an example in which four-valued unit information is formed using the same number of rotations. 3 is a flowchart schematically showing an example of a cutting control process that receives input of a cutting command and executes the cutting command. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example and a processing example of a detection device. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of cutting marks formed on the side surface of a rotating workpiece by the movement of a cutting tool. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of cutting marks formed on the end surface of a rotating workpiece by the movement of a cutting tool. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of cutting marks formed on the surface of a workpiece by the movement of the cutting edge of an end mill in which the positions of intersections of circular arcs are used as embedded information. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example in which cutting marks are formed by matching the positions of intersections between circular arcs with input information. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing an example of a cutting control process in which input of a cutting command is received and the cutting command is executed when the position of the intersection between circular arcs is embedded information. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example and a processing example of a detection device in a case where the positions of intersections between circular arcs are embedded information. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing an example of embedded information included in cutting marks formed on the surface of a workpiece due to minute changes in machining depth. 12 is a flowchart schematically showing an example of a cutting control process in which input of a cutting command is received and the cutting command is executed when the processing depth is embedded information. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example and a processing example of a detection device in a case where the machining depth is used as embedded information.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Of course, the following embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and not all of the features shown in the embodiments are essential to the solution of the invention.

(1) Overview of technology included in the present invention:
First, an overview of the technology included in the present invention will be explained with reference to examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 18. Note that the figures in this application are diagrams schematically showing examples, and the magnification in each direction shown in these figures may be different, and the figures may not be consistent. Of course, each element of the present technology is not limited to the specific examples indicated by the symbols.
Furthermore, in the present application, the numerical range "Min to Max" means greater than or equal to the minimum value Min and less than or equal to the maximum value Max.

[Aspect 1]
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a machine tool 1 according to one aspect of the present technology includes a drive section U1, a reception section U2, and a control section U3. The drive unit U1 changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1. The reception unit U2 receives input of information IN1 to be detected by the detection device 200. The control unit U3 causes the drive unit U1 to control the relative position so that cutting marks C1 including embedded information IN2 that can detect the information IN1 with the detection device 200 are formed on the workpiece W1 during machining by the tool TO1. change the positional relationship.

When information IN1 to be detected by the detection device 200 is input to the machine tool 1, cutting marks C1 including embedded information IN2 that can detect the information IN1 by the detection device 200 are formed on the workpiece W1 during machining with the tool TO1. . Since the processing of the workpiece W1 is used to add the information IN1 to the product W2 formed from the workpiece W1, there is no need for a dedicated processing process to add the information IN1 to the product W2. The administrator can manage the product W2 based on the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 by the detection device 200 without having to put a sticker or stamp on the product W2. Therefore, the above embodiment can provide a machine tool that can improve the convenience of managing products.

Here, the drive unit that changes the relative positional relationship between the work and the tool may move the tool without moving the work, may move the work without moving the tool, or may move the work without moving the tool. Both the tool and the workpiece may be moved.
As described later, the control unit can form cutting marks including embedded information on the workpiece during machining with a tool by various means.
As the detection device, a surface roughness meter, an image processing device, a laser displacement meter, an eddy current displacement meter, a three-dimensional measuring machine, etc. can be used.

For example, if the information that is accepted for input is related to manufacturing, such as manufacturing date, manufacturer, manufacturing lot, etc., information related to manufacturing when the product was manufactured can be obtained from the detection device. By using the obtained information, it is possible to perform inventory management, and when a defective product occurs, it is possible to investigate the cause of the defect based on the information regarding the product.
If the information to be input is related to a product such as a part number, unit number, company name, etc., the information related to the product can be obtained from the detection device. By using the obtained information, inventory management and the like can be performed.
When the information accepted for input is linked to information related to handling of the product, such as service information, instruction manual information, maintenance information, etc., the information linked to the information related to handling of the product can be obtained from the detection device. By referring to the information related to the handling of the product linked to the obtained information, the product can be used or maintained.
The above-mentioned additional remarks also apply to the following aspects.

[Aspect 2]
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the drive unit U1 moves the rotation object R0, which is one of the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1, to the center line AX0 of the rotation object R0 (for example, between the spindle center line AX1 and the tool center line AX2). may include a rotational drive unit U11 that rotates around one of the following. The drive unit U1 may include a control axis drive unit U12 that changes the relative positional relationship along a control axis (for example, one of the X axis, Y axis, and Z axis). As illustrated in FIGS. 3, 10, etc., the control unit U3 controls the rotational drive unit U11 so that the cutting marks C1 including the embedded information IN2 are formed on the workpiece W1 during machining by the tool TO1. The rotation target R0 may be rotated to cause the control shaft drive unit U12 to change the relative positional relationship.
In the above case, during machining with the tool TO1, one of the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 rotates around the center line AX0, and the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 changes along the control axis. A cutting mark C1 including embedded information IN2 is formed on the workpiece W1. Therefore, the above aspect can provide a suitable example of forming cutting marks including embedded information.

For example, when a machine tool includes a main spindle with a motor, such as a lathe, the main spindle with a motor that rotates a workpiece (rotation object) about the centerline of the main spindle serves as a rotation drive unit and rotates the workpiece. Machine tools can easily form cutting marks containing embedded information on a workpiece by controlling the rotation of the workpiece and the relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool along a control axis. When a machine tool is equipped with a motorized tool spindle on which a rotating tool (rotating object) is installed, such as a milling machine, the motorized tool spindle that rotates the rotating tool around the tool center line rotates the rotating tool as a rotation drive unit. let Machine tools can easily form cutting marks containing embedded information on a workpiece by controlling the rotation of a rotary tool and the relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the rotary tool along a control axis.
The above-mentioned additional remarks also apply to the following aspects.

[Aspect 3]
As illustrated in FIGS. 3, 10, etc., the embedded information IN2 may include a plurality of unit information IN3 that can be in a first state ST1 and a second state ST2 different from the first state ST1. The control unit U3 controls the drive unit U1 at the relative position so that when the unit information IN3 is set to the first state ST1, the unit information IN3 in the first state ST1 is formed on the workpiece W1. The relationship may be changed at the first speed F1. The control unit U3 controls the drive unit U1 at the relative position so that when the unit information IN3 is set to the second state ST2, the unit information IN3 in the second state ST2 is formed on the workpiece W1. The relationship may be changed at a second speed F2 different from the first speed F1.
When the relative speed, which is the speed at which the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 changes, changes, the state of the cutting mark C1 changes. The state of the cutting mark C1 when the relative speed is a first speed F1 is defined as a first state ST1, and the state of the cutting mark C1 when the relative speed is a second speed F2 different from the first speed F1 is a second state. If ST2, the second state ST2 is different from the first state ST1. Therefore, at least the first state ST1 and the second state ST2 can be assigned to each unit information IN3 included in the embedded information IN2, and the embedded information IN2 corresponding to the input information IN1 can be formed. Therefore, the above aspect can provide a more preferable example of forming cutting marks including embedded information.

Here, the unit information may be information that can be in a third state different from the first state and the second state, or may be information that can be in a further different state.
In the present application, "first", "second", "third", etc. are terms for identifying each component included in a plurality of components having similarities, and do not mean an order. Which component among the plurality of components applies to "first", "second", "third", etc. is determined relatively.
The above-mentioned additional remarks also apply to the following aspects.

[Aspect 4]
As illustrated in FIG. 8, the control unit U3 applies an upper limit speed (for example, a cutting command CD1) to a command (for example, a cutting command CD1) for changing the relative positional relationship so that the cutting mark C1 including the embedded information IN2 is formed. fff), the first speed F1 is adjusted to the upper limit speed (fff), and the drive unit U1 is directed to the relative position so that the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 is formed on the workpiece W1. You may also change the physical relationship. The control unit U3 sets the second speed F2 to a speed obtained by multiplying the upper limit speed (fff) by a predetermined ratio k smaller than 1, so that the unit information IN3 of the second state ST2 is formed on the workpiece W1. The relative positional relationship may be changed in the drive unit U1 so that the drive unit U1 changes the relative positional relationship.
In the above case, the embedded information IN2 including the plurality of unit information IN3 is formed by simply specifying the upper limit speed (fff) when forming the embedded information IN2. Therefore, the above embodiment can improve convenience for the operator of the machine tool. Further, the cutting mark C1 including the embedded information IN2 can be formed on the workpiece W1 while limiting the rate of change in the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 to the upper limit speed (fff) in the command (CD1). Therefore, it is possible to obtain a product with the desired surface roughness.

[Aspect 5]
The control shaft drive unit U12 may change the relative positional relationship along a plurality of control axes having different directions. As illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, the cutting mark C1 includes a first circular arc 321 and a second circular arc 322 that follows the first circular arc 321 and intersects with the first circular arc 321. It's okay to stay. The embedded information IN2 may include coordinates of an intersection 331 between the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322, with the origin 330 being the center coordinates of the first circular arc 321. The control unit U3 causes the control shaft drive unit U12 to control the relative axis so that the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322 having the intersection point 331 at the coordinates corresponding to the information IN1 are formed on the workpiece W1. You may change the physical relationship.
In the above case, a cutting mark C1 is formed on the workpiece W1 during machining by the tool TO1, and the input information IN1 includes the embedded information IN2 corresponding to the coordinates of the intersection 331 of the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322 that are continuous with each other. be done. Therefore, the above aspect can provide a more preferable example of forming cutting marks including embedded information. Furthermore, since the coordinates of the intersection 331 of the arcs (321, 322) can be associated with an amount of information exceeding binary or quaternary values, the amount of embedded information per unit area can be increased.

[Aspect 6]
As illustrated in FIG. 16, the embedded information IN2 includes a plurality of unit information IN5 that can be a first machining depth DE1 and a second machining depth DE2 different from the first machining depth DE1. May contain. The control unit U3 changes the relative positional relationship in a direction in which the plurality of unit information IN5 are sequentially formed on the drive unit U1, and performs processing on the drive unit U1 corresponding to each unit information IN5. The relative positional relationship may be changed in the direction in which the machining depth DE changes so that the workpiece W1 is cut at the depth DE.
In the above case, cutting marks C1 including embedded information IN2 including a plurality of unit information IN5 that can be the first machining depth DE1 and the second machining depth DE2 are formed on the workpiece W1 during machining with the tool TO1. Embedded information IN2 corresponding to the input information IN1 can be formed. Therefore, the above aspect can provide a suitable example of forming cutting marks including embedded information. Furthermore, since the unit information IN5 is represented by the machining depth DE which is simple and does not easily contain noise, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting information from the embedded information. Furthermore, since the information IN1 can be detected from the embedded information IN2 using an inexpensive laser measuring device or the like, the cost of the detection device can be reduced and high-speed decoding processing is also possible.

Here, the unit information may be information that can be a third machining depth different from the first machining depth and the second machining depth, or may be information that can be a further different machining depth.
The above-mentioned additional remarks also apply to the following aspects.

[Aspect 7]
By the way, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the management system SY1 according to one aspect of the present technology includes a machine tool 1 including the drive section U1, the reception section U2, and the control section U3, and a detection device for the information IN1. Including 200. The detection device 200 detects the information IN1 from the embedded information IN2 formed on the workpiece W1.
When the information IN1 is input to the machine tool 1, a cutting mark C1 including the embedded information IN2, which allows the detection device 200 to detect the information IN1, is formed on the workpiece W1 during machining with the tool TO1. No special processing is required to add information IN1 to product W2. The input information IN1 is detected by the detection device 200 from the embedded information IN2 added to the product W2. The administrator can manage the product W2 based on the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 by the detection device 200 without having to put a sticker or stamp on the product W2. Therefore, the above aspect can provide a management system that can improve the convenience of managing products formed by machine tools.

(2) Specific example of machine tool configuration:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the configuration of a management system SY1 including a machine tool 1 and a detection device 200. FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the configuration of the electric circuit of the machine tool 1. The machine tool 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is an NC automatic lathe that includes an NC (numerical control) device 70 that numerically controls machining of a workpiece W1. Since the computer 100 is not an essential element in the machine tool 1, the external computer 100 may not be connected to the machine body 2. In this specific example, the NC device 70 is an example of the control unit U3. Note that the control unit U3 may be provided in the computer 100.

The control axes of the machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 1 include an X axis indicated by "X", a Y axis indicated by "Y", and a Z axis indicated by "Z". The Z-axis direction is a horizontal direction along the spindle center line AX1, which is the rotation center of the workpiece W1. The X-axis direction is a horizontal direction orthogonal to the Z-axis. The Y-axis direction is a vertical direction orthogonal to the Z-axis. Note that the Z-axis and the They do not need to be orthogonal. Further, the drawings referred to in this specification merely show examples for explaining the present technology, and do not limit the present technology. Moreover, the description of the positional relationship of each part is merely an example. Therefore, reversing the left and right sides, reversing the rotation direction, etc. is also included in the present technology. Furthermore, the sameness in direction, position, etc. is not limited to exact coincidence, but includes deviations from exact coincidence due to errors.

The machine tool 1 includes a headstock 10 incorporating a spindle 11 having a gripping part 12 such as a collet, a headstock drive section 14, a tool rest 20 to which a tool TO1 is attached, a tool rest drive section 24, a receiving section U2, This is an NC machine tool equipped with an NC device 70, etc. The machine tool 1 may include a plurality of combinations of the headstock 10 and the headstock drive section 14, or may include a plurality of combinations of the tool rest 20 and the tool rest drive section 24. For example, the headstock 10 may be a front headstock or a back headstock, also referred to as an opposing headstock. Therefore, the main shaft 11 may be a front main shaft or a back main shaft, also called an opposing main shaft. When the machine tool 1 is a moving spindle type lathe, the front headstock drive section moves the front headstock at least in the Z-axis direction, and the back headstock drive section moves the back headstock at least in the Z-axis direction. In this case, the control axes of the front spindle include at least the Z-axis, and the control axes of the back spindle include at least the Z-axis. Of course, the machine tool 1 may be a fixed spindle type lathe in which the front headstock does not move, or the front headstock may move in the Z-axis direction without moving the back headstock.
The main shaft 11 is provided with a main shaft rotation drive section 13 that rotates the main shaft 11 about the main shaft center line AX1. The main shaft rotation drive section 13 may be a built-in motor built into the main shaft 11 or a servo motor installed outside the main shaft 11. The main spindle 11 releasably grips the workpiece W1 using the gripping portion 12, and is rotatable together with the workpiece W1 about the main spindle center line AX1.

One or more tools TO1 for processing the workpiece W1 are attached to the tool post 20. The tool rest 20 may be a comb-shaped tool rest, a turret tool rest, or the like. The tool rest drive unit 24 moves the tool rest 20 in at least one of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. In this case, the control axes of tool TO1 include at least one of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. The tool TO1 may be a rotating tool such as an end mill TO2 shown in FIG. 3, or a non-rotating tool such as a cutting tool TO3 shown in FIG. 10. When the tool TO1 is a rotary tool that can rotate around the tool center line AX2, the tool post 20 includes a tool rotation drive section 23 that rotates the tool TO1 around the tool center line AX2. The tool rotation drive section 23 may be a built-in motor built into the tool spindle, or a servo motor installed outside the tool spindle. When the workpiece W1 held by the main shaft 11 is processed by the tool TO1, it becomes a product W2. When the machine tool 1 is equipped with a front spindle and a back spindle, front-machining of the workpiece W1 held by the front spindle is performed, and the workpiece W1 after front-machining is transferred from the front spindle to the back spindle, where it is gripped by the back spindle. When the back side of the workpiece W1 is processed, a product W2 is formed.

Note that the rotation target R0 collectively refers to the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1, and the center line AX0 of the rotation target R0 collectively refers to the spindle center line AX1 and the tool center line AX2. The rotation drive unit U11 that rotates the rotation target R0 about the center line AX0 collectively refers to the spindle rotation drive unit 13 and the tool rotation drive unit 23. The control shaft drive unit U12 that changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 along the control axis collectively refers to the headstock drive unit 14 and the tool post drive unit 24. In the machine tool 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotation drive unit U11 and the control shaft drive unit U12 constitute a drive unit U1 that changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1.

The reception unit U2 receives input of information IN1 to be detected by the detection device 200. The reception unit U2 may be the operation unit 80 shown in FIG. 2 or the computer 100 shown in FIG. 2. The NC device 70 changes the positional relationship relative to the drive unit U1 so that a cutting mark C1 including embedded information IN2 that can detect the information IN1 by the detection device 200 is formed on the workpiece W1 during machining by the tool TO1. . The embedded information IN2 is formed during cutting to form the product W2 from the workpiece W1. Therefore, a dedicated process for forming the embedded information IN2 on the surface of the workpiece W1 is not necessary, and almost no time is required to form the embedded information IN2. A product W2 formed from the workpiece W1 has cutting marks C1 including embedded information IN2. The detection device 200 detects information IN1 from embedded information IN2 formed in the workpiece W1. This allows the administrator to manage the product W2 based on the embedded information IN2.

In the machine tool 1 shown in FIG. 2, an operating section 80, a spindle rotation drive section 13, a tool rotation drive section 23, a headstock drive section 14, a tool rest drive section 24, etc. are connected to the NC device 70. The spindle rotation drive unit 13 includes a motor and a servo amplifier to rotate the spindle 11. The tool rotation drive unit 23 includes a motor and a servo amplifier to rotate the tool TO1. The headstock drive unit 14 includes a motor and a servo amplifier to move the headstock 10 along the control axis. The turret drive unit 24 includes a motor and a servo amplifier to move the turret 20 along the control axis. The NC device 70 includes a CPU 71 as a processor, a ROM 72 as a semiconductor memory, a RAM 73 as a semiconductor memory, a clock circuit 74, an I/F (interface) 75, and the like. Therefore, the NC device 70 is a type of computer. In FIG. 2, I/Fs such as the operation unit 80, the drive unit U1, and the external computer 100 are collectively shown as an I/F 75.

A control program PR1 and the like for interpreting and executing the machining program PR2 are written in the ROM72. The ROM 72 may be a rewritable semiconductor memory. A machining program PR2 created by an operator is stored in the RAM 73 in a rewritable manner. The machining program is also called an NC program. The CPU 71 realizes the functions of the NC device 70 by using the RAM 73 as a work area and executing the control program PR1 recorded in the ROM 72. Of course, some or all of the functions realized by the control program PR1 may be realized by other means such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). The operation unit 80 includes an input unit 81 and a display unit 82, and functions as a user interface for the NC device 70. The input unit 81 includes, for example, buttons and a touch panel for receiving operation input from an operator. The display unit 82 includes, for example, a display that displays the contents of various settings received from the operator and various information regarding the machine tool 1. The operator can store the machining program PR2 in the RAM 73 using the operation unit 80 or the computer 100.

The external computer 100 connected to the NC device 70 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 101 which is a processor, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 102 which is a semiconductor memory, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 103 which is a semiconductor memory, and a storage device. 104, an input device 105, a display device 106, an audio output device 107, an I/F (interface) 108, a clock circuit 109, and the like. A control program for the computer 100 is stored in the storage device 104, read into the RAM 103 by the CPU 101, and executed by the CPU 101. As the storage device 104, a semiconductor memory such as a flash memory, a magnetic recording medium such as a hard disk, etc. can be used. As the input device 105, a pointing device, a keyboard, a touch panel attached to the surface of the display device 106, or the like can be used. The I/F 108 is connected to the NC device 70 by wire or wirelessly, and receives data from the NC device 70 and transmits data to the NC device 70. The connection between the computer 100 and the machine tool 1 may be a network connection such as the Internet or an intranet. The computer 100 includes a personal computer including a tablet terminal, a mobile phone such as a smartphone, and the like.

(3) First example of forming embedded information on a workpiece during processing:
Next, with reference to FIG. 3 and subsequent figures, an example will be described in which embedded information IN2 is formed on the workpiece W1 while the tool TO1 processes the workpiece W1. FIG. 3 schematically illustrates cutting marks C1 formed on the surface of the workpiece W1 due to the movement of the cutting edge TO2t of the end mill TO2 as the rotating tool TO1. In FIG. 3, "+Y" indicates one direction along the Y axis, and "+Z" indicates one direction along the Z axis.
As shown in the upper part of FIG. 3, the machine tool 1 applies the cutting edge TO2t of the end mill TO2 facing the X-axis direction to the side surface of the work W1 without rotating or moving the work W1, and moves the end mill TO2 at a feed rate F Assume that end mill cutting is performed by moving in the +Z direction. The locus 300 of the cutting edge TO2t of the end mill TO2 has a trochoid curve pattern as shown in the middle part of FIG. A trajectory 300 shown in FIG. 3 shows the movement of the cutting edge TO2t when the end mill TO2 rotates three times from the starting point 301 to the ending point 302. The pattern of the trajectory 300 is based on the rotation speed of the end mill TO2 (N rpm), the diameter of the end mill TO2 (D mm), the number of teeth of the end mill TO2 (Z blades), and the feed rate F (unit: mm/min).

In end mill cutting, the workpiece W1 is mainly cut when the cutting edge TO2t is on the feed side of the end mill TO2. Therefore, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 3, a semicircular score convex in the +Z direction is formed on the surface of the workpiece W1, and a cutting mark C1 is created by repeating the score in the +Z direction. When the feed rate F changes, the interval between the grinding marks changes and the surface roughness of the cutting marks C1 changes. Therefore, it is conceivable to set an information area AR1 on the surface of the workpiece W1 that includes the rotation center of the end mill TO2 moving in the +Z direction.
Note that the cutting marks C1 as shown in FIG. 3 are caused by a similar change in the relative positional relationship, such as the end mill TO2 moving in the +Z direction and the workpiece W1 moving in the -Z direction opposite to the +Z direction. It is formed.

FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the embedded information IN2 included in the cutting mark C1. In the upper part of FIG. 4, cutting marks C1 existing on the surface of the product W2 are schematically illustrated. In the lower part of FIG. 4, a surface unevenness shape corresponding to the position A1-A1 in FIG. 3 in the information area AR1 of the product W2 is schematically illustrated.
Generally, in milling where the workpiece W1 is cut with a rotating tool TO1 such as end mill cutting, or turning where the rotating workpiece W1 is machined with the tool TO1, as the relative feed rate F increases, the cutting marks C1 become rougher. As the relative feed rate F becomes slower, the cutting marks C1 become relatively smoother. When the cutting marks C1 are rough, there is a large difference between the peaks and valleys on the workpiece surface, in other words, the peaks are high and the surface roughness (referred to as R) is large. When the cutting marks C1 are relatively smooth, the difference between peaks and valleys on the workpiece surface is small, in other words, the peaks are low and the surface roughness R is small.

The surface roughness R includes maximum height roughness Rz, arithmetic mean roughness Ra, ten-point mean roughness RzJIZ, and the like. These surface roughnesses R are specified in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) B0601:2013 (ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 4287:1997, Amendment 1 (2009)), etc.
The maximum height roughness Rz is the distance between the peak line and the valley bottom line in the part where the reference length is extracted from the roughness curve. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra is determined by setting the coordinate in the direction of the average line to x and the coordinate of the unevenness of the roughness curve to f(x) in the part where the reference length (L) is extracted from the roughness curve. This is the value obtained by dividing the integral value of the absolute value of f(x) by the reference length L.

The ten-point average roughness RzJIZ is the average of the absolute values of the elevations of the highest to fifth mountain peaks and the lowest to fifth valley bottoms in the part where the reference length is extracted from the roughness curve. It is the sum of the absolute value of altitude and the average value. The unit of these surface roughnesses R is usually micrometers (μm). It can be said that when any surface roughness R is large, the difference between the peaks and the valleys is large, and when it is small, the difference between the peaks and the valleys is small.

As shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that the feed speed F can be a first speed F1 and a second speed F2 that are different from each other. In FIG. 4, the second speed F2 is slower than the first speed F1. When the feed rate F is a relatively fast first speed F1, the difference between peaks and valleys in the cutting marks C1 is large, and the surface roughness R of the cutting marks C1 is large. The surface condition of the part cut at F=F1 in product W2 is defined as the first state ST1, and the surface roughness R obtained by measuring the first state ST1 of the product surface with a surface roughness meter is the first surface roughness. Let it be R1. When the feed rate F is the relatively slow second speed F2, the difference between peaks and valleys in the cutting marks C1 is small, and the surface roughness R of the cutting marks C1 is small. The surface roughness obtained by setting the surface state of the part cut at F=F2 in product W2 to a second state ST2 different from the first state ST1, and measuring the second state ST2 of the product surface with a surface roughness meter. Let R be the second surface roughness R2. The second surface roughness R2 is smaller than the first surface roughness R1.

As described above, the NC device 70 divides the embedded information IN2 of the cutting mark C1 into a plurality of unit information IN3, and controls the machining of the workpiece W1 so that each unit information IN3 can be at least in the first state ST1 and the second state ST2. be able to. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the original information IN1 is expressed as a binary value, and the unit information "0" included in the original information IN1 is assigned to the first state ST1 having the first surface roughness R1, and the original information The unit information “1” included in IN1 is assigned to the second state ST2 where the second surface roughness is R2. The NC device 70 controls the feed speed F to the first speed F1 when embedding the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 corresponding to the original "0" into the cutting mark C1. In this way, the NC device 70 causes the control shaft drive unit U12 to control the workpiece W1 and the tool so that when the unit information IN3 is set to the first state ST1, the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 is formed on the workpiece W1. The relative positional relationship with TO1 is changed at a first speed F1. When embedding the unit information IN3 of the second state ST2 corresponding to the original "1" into the cutting mark C1, the NC device 70 controls the feed speed F to the second speed F2. In this way, the NC device 70 positions the unit information IN3 in the second state ST2 relative to the control shaft drive unit U12 so that the unit information IN3 in the second state ST2 is formed on the workpiece W1. The relationship is changed at a second speed F2.

The detection device 200 measures the surface roughness R of each unit information IN3 included in the embedded information IN2 on the surface of the product W2, and detects the original information IN1 according to the correspondence between the surface roughness R and the unit information. For example, if the threshold value between the first surface roughness R1 and the second surface roughness R2 is THR, the detection device 200 assigns "0" to the unit information when the surface roughness R is larger than the threshold value THR, and When the roughness R is smaller than the threshold THR, "1" can be assigned to the unit information. When R=THR, the detection device 200 may assign "0" to the unit information or may assign "1" to the unit information.
As described above, the detection device 200 detects the original information IN1 from the embedded information IN2 formed in the workpiece W1. Note that the detection device 200 is not limited to a detection device using a surface roughness meter, and may include an image processing device that images the embedded information IN2 and analyzes the image, a laser displacement meter, an eddy current displacement meter, a three-dimensional measuring device, etc. can be used.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the cut pattern of the embedded information IN2 may conform to a bar code standard expressed by an ITF (Interleaved Two of Five) symbol, such as a JAN (Japanese Article Number) code. . FIG. 5 schematically shows an example of forming barcode-shaped embedded information IN2.
An ITF continuous code such as the JAN code is a barcode that has two widths for each shade. In Figure 5, "NB" is a narrow bar meaning a narrow bar, "WB" is a wide bar meaning a thick bar, and "NS" is a narrow space meaning a narrow gap. , and "WS" is wide space, meaning a wide gap. Generally, the widths of NB and NS are the same, the widths of WB and WS are the same, and WB/NB is 2-3.

Therefore, the NC device 70 may control the feed speed F and length so that the plurality of unit information IN3 includes NB, WB, NS, and WS. In FIG. 5, when forming the NB and WB, the feed rate F is relatively fast F1=0.1 mm/rev, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 becomes the first state ST1. When forming NS and WS, the feed rate F is relatively slow F2 = 0.05 mm/rev, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 becomes the second state ST2. When forming NB and NS, the number of rotations of the tool TO1 such as the end mill TO2 is set so that the length of one piece of unit information is 0.3 mm. The number of rotations corresponding to NB is 3 rev, and the number of rotations corresponding to NS is 6 rev. When forming the WB and WS, the number of rotations of the tool TO1 is set so that the length of the two unit information is 0.6 mm. The number of rotations corresponding to WB is 6 rev, and the number of rotations corresponding to WS is 12 rev.
By the above control, a product W2 having the embedded information IN2 including NB, WB, NS, and WS in the cutting mark C1 is obtained. As the detection device 200, in addition to a surface roughness meter, a device that reads information based on a principle similar to a barcode reader can be used.

As illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, the unit information IN3 is not limited to binary values.
FIG. 6 schematically shows an example in which four-valued unit information IN3 is formed with the same length. In FIG. 6, the length of unit information IN3 is the same as 0.6 mm for all of "0", "1", "2", and "3". When the unit information IN3 of "0" is formed, the feed rate F is the fastest 0.2 mm/rev, the number of rotations of the tool such as the end mill TO2 is 3 rev, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 becomes the first state ST1. shall be taken as a thing. When the unit information IN3 of "1" is formed, the feed rate F is 0.15 mm/rev, the number of rotations of the tool TO1 is 4 rev, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 is assumed to be in the second state ST2. When the unit information IN3 of "2" is formed, the feed rate F is 0.1 mm/rev, the number of rotations of the tool TO1 is 6 rev, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 is in a third state different from the above-mentioned state. shall become. When forming the unit information IN3 of "3", the feed rate F is the slowest 0.05 mm/rev, the number of rotations of the tool TO1 is 12 rev, and the surface condition of the unit information IN3 is the fourth one, which is different from the above-mentioned condition. shall be in the state. In the example shown in FIG. 6, since the length of the unit information IN3 does not change, the detection device 200 can decode each unit information IN3 based on the length.

FIG. 7 schematically shows an example in which the four-valued unit information IN3 is formed by the same number of rotations. In FIG. 7, the number of rotations of the tool TO1 such as the end mill TO2 is "0", "1", "2", and "3", all of which are the same as 3rev. When forming the unit information IN3 of "0", the feed speed F is the fastest 0.2 mm/rev, the length of the unit information IN3 is 0.6 mm, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 is in the first state ST1. shall become. When forming the unit information IN3 of "1", the feed rate F is 0.15 mm/rev, the length of the unit information IN3 is 0.45 mm, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 becomes the second state ST2. shall be. When forming the unit information IN3 of "2", the feed rate F is 0.1 mm/rev, the length of the unit information IN3 is 0.3 mm, and the surface state of the unit information IN3 is different from the above-mentioned state. Assume that there are three states. When forming the unit information IN3 of "3", the feed speed F is the slowest 0.05 mm/rev, the length of the unit information IN3 is 0.15 mm, and the surface condition of the unit information IN3 is different from the above-mentioned condition. It is assumed that the fourth state is different. In the example shown in FIG. 7, although the length of the unit information IN3 changes, the length of the unit information IN3 can be detected by the number of peaks corresponding to the number of rotations of the tool TO1. Each unit information IN3 can be decoded based on the number of peaks.

Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 8, a specific example of the process of forming the embedded information IN2 on the workpiece W1 during processing will be described. FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a cutting control process in which input of a cutting command CD1 for forming a product W2 from a workpiece W1 is received and the cutting command CD1 is executed. Although the cutting control process is assumed to be performed by the NC device 70 and the operation unit 80, an external computer 100 may perform a part of the cutting control process. In the cutting control process shown in FIG. 8, the reception unit U2 performs the process in step S102, and the control unit U3 performs the processes in steps S104 to S106.
First, the NC device 70 and the operation unit 80 accept the input of the cutting command CD1 (step S102). The cutting command CD1 is a command for forming the product W2 from the workpiece W1, and is not a dedicated command for forming the embedded information IN2. The cutting command CD1 shown in FIG. 8 includes a cutting code number mmm starting from "M", a Z-axis reference position zzz starting from "Z", an upper limit speed fff starting from "F", and information ddd starting from "D". Contains. Basically, the cutting command CD1 cuts the workpiece W1 by relatively moving the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 in the Z-axis direction from the reference position zzz at a feed rate that does not exceed the upper limit speed fff in order to form the product W2. This is a command to cut with tool TO1. This cutting command CD1 includes information ddd to be embedded. In addition, if the relative movement direction between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 is along the X-axis, "Zzzzz" may be replaced with the reference position xxx of the X-axis starting from "X", and in the case of the Y-axis, "Zzzzz" ” should be replaced with the Y-axis reference position yyy starting from “Y”. "Ffff" can be omitted, and if "Ffff" is omitted, the default upper limit speed is applied. The information ddd corresponds to information IN1 for the detection device 200 to detect. The process of step S102 may be a process in which the operation unit 80 receives the input of the cutting command CD1 under the control of the NC device 70, or a process in which the computer 100 receives the input of the cutting command CD1. Moreover, the process of step S102 may be a process of accepting input of the machining program PR2 including the cutting command CD1.

After step S102, the NC device 70 (or computer 100) sets the feed rate F for each state of the unit information IN3 (step S104). For example, as shown in FIG. 4, unit information IN3 of a first state ST1 having a first surface roughness R1 is formed at a first speed F1 to obtain unit information IN3 of a second state ST2 having a second surface roughness R2. Assume that it is formed at a second speed F2. Since F1>F2, the NC device 70 sets the first speed F1 to the upper limit speed fff, and sets the second speed F2 to the speed k×fff, which is obtained by multiplying the upper limit speed fff by a predetermined ratio k where 0<k<1. Set. Since the embedded information IN2 can be formed on the workpiece W1 while the relative movement speed of the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 is limited to the upper limit speed fff, it is possible to suppress the surface roughness of the product to a desired level.

After setting the feed rate F, the NC device 70 moves the rotating tool TO1 in the Z-axis direction at a feed rate F that corresponds to the state of the plurality of unit information IN3 constituting the input information ddd while moving the workpiece W1. The drive unit U1 is controlled so as to cut (step S106). For example, when the information ddd is "105" in decimal and expressed as "01101001" in binary, the NC device 70 sends the tool TO1 to the tool rest drive unit 24 at the location where the unit information "0" is embedded. The tool TO1 is moved in the axial direction at a first speed F1, and the tool TO1 is caused to be moved in the Z-axis direction at a second speed F2 by the tool post drive unit 24 at the location where the unit information "1" is embedded. As a result, the surface state of the embedded information IN2 is determined in units of the unit information IN3: a first state ST1 having a first surface roughness R1, a second state ST2 having a second surface roughness R2, a second state ST2, a second state ST2 having a second surface roughness R2, and a second state ST2 having a second surface roughness R2. The state changes from one state ST1, second state ST2, first state ST1, first state ST1, and second state ST2. The administrator can perform various types of management by linking information about products, information about products, information about handling of products, etc. to information ddd.

As described above, the NC device 70 causes the tool post drive section 24 to move the tool TO1 in the Z-axis direction so that the first speed F1 is adjusted to the upper limit speed fff and the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 is formed on the workpiece W1. let The NC device 70 sets the second speed F2 to a speed k×fff that is slower than the upper limit speed fff, and causes the tool TO1 to be applied to the tool post drive unit 24 so that the unit information IN3 of the second state ST2 is formed on the workpiece W1. Move in the Z-axis direction. In either case, the NC device 70 causes the tool rotation drive unit 23 to rotate the tool TO1 so that cutting marks C1 including the embedded information IN2 are formed on the workpiece W1 during machining by the tool TO1, and the control shaft drive unit U12 The relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 is changed.
After step S106, the NC device 70 ends the cutting control process.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a configuration example and a processing example of the detection device 200.
The detection device 200 shown in the upper part of FIG. 9 includes a surface roughness meter 201, a display section 202, and a measurement control section 203. The measurement control unit 203 includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc., acquires the surface roughness R from the surface roughness meter 201, detects information IN1 from the embedded information IN2, and displays it on the display unit 202. Of course, part or all of the measurement control unit 203 may be realized by other means such as ASIC. The lower part of FIG. 9 shows decoding processing performed by the measurement control unit 203. When the surface roughness meter 201 performs an operation to read the embedded information IN2 present in the product W2, the decoding process starts.

When the decoding process starts, the measurement control unit 203 sequentially acquires the surface roughness R of the unit information IN3 from the surface roughness meter 201 (step S202). As described above, the surface roughness R may be the maximum height roughness Rz, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra, the ten-point average roughness RzJIZ, or the like. Next, the measurement control unit 203 decodes the surface roughness R into the original unit information (step S204). For example, as shown in FIG. 4, it is assumed that the first surface roughness R1 corresponds to the unit information "0" and the second surface roughness R2 corresponds to the unit information "1". The measurement control unit 203 can assign "0" to the unit information when the surface roughness R is larger than the threshold value THR, and assign "1" to the unit information when the surface roughness R is smaller than the threshold value THR. be able to. When R=THR, the detection device 200 may assign either "0" or "1" to the unit information.

The measurement control unit 203 repeats the processing of steps S202 to S204 until all the unit information IN3 included in the embedded information IN2 is decoded into the original unit information (step S206). When all the unit information IN3 included in the embedded information IN2 has been decoded into the original unit information, the measurement control unit 203 displays the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 on the display unit 202 (step S208), and decodes the information IN3. Terminate the process. For example, if the decoded information IN1 is “01101001” in binary and “105” in decimal, the measurement control unit 203 may display “105” on the display unit 202. The administrator can perform various management by visually checking the displayed information "105".
As described above, the detection device 200 detects the information IN1 from the embedded information IN2 formed in the workpiece W1.

For example, if the information ddd is the manufacturing date, the administrator can group the products W2 by manufacturing date and have the detection device 200 read the embedded information IN2 present in any of the grouped products W2. The original information IN1 linked to the product W2 can be confirmed. As a result, the administrator can grasp the manufacturing date of each product W2 without putting a sticker with an identification code printed on it or stamping it on the product W2, making it more efficient. Able to manage inventory well. In addition, when a defective product occurs in the product W2, the administrator causes the detection device 200 to read the embedded information IN2 of the product W2 in which the defective product occurs, and thereby retrieves the original information IN1 linked to the product W2. It can be confirmed. This allows the administrator to efficiently investigate the cause of the defect by narrowing it down to the manufacturing date.

If the information ddd is a part number, the administrator can group the products W2 by type of parts and have the detection device 200 read the embedded information IN2 present in any of the grouped products W2. The original information IN1 linked to the product W2 can be confirmed. Thereby, the manager can grasp the type of parts in units of the grouped products W2, and can efficiently manage inventory.
If the information ddd is linked to the instruction manual information, the administrator checks the original information IN1 linked to the product W2 by having the detection device 200 read the embedded information IN2 present in the product W2. can do. Thereby, the administrator can easily use the product W2 by referring to the instruction manual information linked to the information IN1.

As explained above, when the operator inputs the information IN1 that he/she wants to associate with the product W2 into the machine tool 1, the cutting mark C1 containing the embedded information IN2 that can detect the information IN1 with the detection device 200 appears on the workpiece W2 during machining with the tool TO1. is formed. Since the processing of the workpiece W1 is used to add the information IN1 to the product W2, there is no need for a dedicated processing process to add the information IN1 to the product W2. The administrator can manage the product W2 based on the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 by the detection device 200 without having to put a sticker or stamp on the product W2.

(4) Second example of forming embedded information on the workpiece during processing:
The processing for forming the embedded information IN2 on the workpiece W1 is not limited to milling, but may also be turning.
FIG. 10 schematically illustrates cutting marks C1 formed on the side surface of the rotating workpiece W1 by the movement of the cutting tool TO3.

As shown in the upper part of FIG. 10, the machine tool 1 rotates the workpiece W1 around the spindle center line AX1, applies the cutting edge TO3t of the cutting tool TO3 facing the Y-axis direction to the side surface of the workpiece W1, and rotates the cutting tool TO3. Assume that turning is performed by moving in the +Z direction at a feed rate F. The locus of the cutting edge TO3t of the cutting tool TO3 is a spiral pattern centered on the spindle center line AX1. The trajectory pattern is uniquely determined by the rotational speed of the main shaft 11, the diameter of the work W1, and the feed rate F. On the side surface of the workpiece W1, a cutting mark C1 is created which continues in the +Z direction in a spiral shape. When the feed rate F changes, the interval between the grinding marks changes and the surface roughness of the cutting marks C1 changes. Therefore, it is conceivable to set the information area AR1 along the Z axis on the side surface of the workpiece W1.
Of course, the cutting marks C1 as shown in FIG. 10 are formed by a similar change in the relative positional relationship, such as the workpiece W1 moving in the -Z direction instead of the cutting tool TO3 moving in the +Z direction.

As described above, when the relative feed rate F becomes faster, the cutting marks C1 become rougher, and when the relative feed rate F becomes slower, the cutting marks C1 become relatively smoother. As shown in the lower part of FIG. 10, when the feed rate F is a relatively fast first speed F1, the cutting mark C1 is in a first state ST1 with a large difference between peaks and valleys, and the surface roughness R of the cutting mark C1 is is large. When the feed rate F is a relatively slow second speed F2, the cutting mark C1 is in a second state ST2 in which the difference between peaks and valleys is small, and the surface roughness R of the cutting mark C1 is small. Therefore, the embedded information IN2 of the cutting mark C1 is divided into a plurality of unit information IN3, and the NC device 70 controls the machining of the workpiece W1 so that each unit information IN3 can be at least in the first state ST1 and the second state ST2. Can be done. In the example shown in FIG. 10 as well, the original information IN1 is expressed as a binary value, and the unit information "0" included in the original information IN1 is assigned to the first state ST1 having the first surface roughness R1, and the original information The unit information “1” included in IN1 is assigned to the second state ST2 where the second surface roughness is R2. The NC device 70 controls the feed speed F to the first speed F1 when embedding the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 corresponding to the original "0" into the cutting mark C1. In this way, the NC device 70 causes the control shaft drive unit U12 to control the workpiece W1 and the tool so that when the unit information IN3 is set to the first state ST1, the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 is formed on the workpiece W1. The relative positional relationship with TO1 is changed at a first speed F1. When embedding the unit information IN3 of the second state ST2 corresponding to the original "1" into the cutting mark C1, the NC device 70 controls the feed speed F to the second speed F2. In this way, the NC device 70 positions the unit information IN3 in the second state ST2 relative to the control shaft drive unit U12 so that the unit information IN3 in the second state ST2 is formed on the workpiece W1. The relationship is changed at a second speed F2.

Of course, the cut pattern of the embedded information IN2 may conform to the barcode standard as shown in FIG. The unit information IN3 is not limited to binary values, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
In either case, the detection device 200 measures the surface roughness R of each unit information IN3 included in the embedded information IN2 on the surface of the product W2, and returns the original information IN1 according to the correspondence relationship between the surface roughness R and the unit information. can be detected. Here, too, the detection device 200 is not limited to a detection device using a surface roughness meter, and may be an image processing device, a laser displacement meter, an eddy current displacement meter, a three-dimensional measuring machine, or the like.

The process of forming the embedded information IN2 on the workpiece W1 during turning can be performed, for example, according to the cutting control process shown in FIG. 8. To explain with reference to FIG. 8, first, the NC device 70 and the operation unit 80 (or the computer 100) accept the input of the cutting command CD1 (step S102). After step S102, the NC device 70 (or computer 100) sets the feed rate F for each state of the unit information IN3 (step S104). After setting the feed rate F, the NC device 70 moves the tool TO1 in the Z-axis direction at a feed rate F corresponding to the state of the plurality of unit information IN3 constituting the received input information ddd while moving the rotating workpiece W1. The drive unit U1 is controlled so as to cut (step S106). After step S106, the NC device 70 ends the cutting control process.
As described above, the NC device 70 causes the tool post drive unit 24 to move the tool TO1 in the Z-axis direction so that the first speed F1 is adjusted to the upper limit speed fff and the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 is formed on the workpiece W1. let The NC device 70 sets the second speed F2 to a speed k×fff that is slower than the upper limit speed fff, and causes the tool TO1 to be applied to the tool rest drive unit 24 so that the unit information IN3 of the second state ST2 is formed on the workpiece W1. Move in the Z-axis direction. In either case, the workpiece W1 is rotated by the spindle rotation drive section 13, and the workpiece W1 and the tool are moved by the control shaft drive section U12 so that cutting marks C1 including the embedded information IN2 are formed on the workpiece W1 during machining by the tool TO1. Change the relative positional relationship with TO1.

Detection of the information IN1 from the product W2 can be performed using a detection device 200 shown in FIG.
In the example shown in FIG. 10, the processing of the workpiece W1 is also used to add the information IN1 to the product W2, so there is no need for a dedicated processing process to add the information IN1 to the product W2. The administrator can manage the product W2 based on the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 by the detection device 200.

Further, as illustrated in FIG. 11, cutting marks C1 including embedded information IN2 may be formed on the end surface of the rotating workpiece W1. FIG. 11 schematically illustrates cutting marks C1 formed on the end surface of the rotating workpiece W1 by the movement of the cutting tool TO3. In FIG. 11, "+X" indicates one direction along the X-axis, and "+Y" indicates one direction along the Y-axis.
As shown in the upper part of FIG. 11, the machine tool 1 rotates the workpiece W1 around the spindle center line AX1, applies the cutting edge TO3t of the cutting tool TO3 to the end surface of the workpiece W1, and moves the cutting tool TO3 in the +Y direction at a feed rate F. Turning shall be performed to move the The moving direction of the cutting tool TO3 may be any direction that intersects the Z-axis, such as the +X direction. The trajectory of the cutting edge TO3t of the cutting tool TO3 is a spiral pattern centered on the spindle center line AX1. The trajectory pattern is uniquely determined by the rotational speed of the main shaft 11, the diameter of the work W1, and the feed rate F. Cutting marks C1 are formed on the end surface of the workpiece W1, in which a spiral cut line centered on the spindle centerline AX1 continues in the radial direction. When the feed rate F changes, the interval between the grinding marks changes and the surface roughness of the cutting marks C1 changes. Of course, the cutting marks C1 as shown in FIG. 11 are caused by a similar change in relative positional relationship, such as the workpiece W1 moving in the -Y direction opposite to the +Y direction instead of the cutting tool TO3 moving in the +Y direction. It is formed.

As shown in the lower part of FIG. 11, when the feed rate F is a relatively fast first speed F1, the cutting mark C1 is in a first state ST1 with a large difference between peaks and valleys, and the surface roughness R of the cutting mark C1 is is large. When the feed rate F is a relatively slow second speed F2, the cutting mark C1 is in a second state ST2 in which the difference between peaks and valleys is small, and the surface roughness R of the cutting mark C1 is small. The NC device 70 controls the feed speed F to the first speed F1 when embedding the unit information IN3 of the first state ST1 corresponding to the original "0" into the cutting mark C1. When embedding the unit information IN3 of the second state ST2 corresponding to the original "1" into the cutting mark C1, the NC device 70 controls the feed speed F to the second speed F2. Of course, the cut pattern of the embedded information IN2 may conform to the barcode standard as shown in FIG. The unit information IN3 is not limited to binary values, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.

The process of forming the embedded information IN2 on the workpiece W1 during turning can be performed, for example, according to the cutting control process shown in FIG. 8. Detection of the information IN1 from the product W2 can be performed using a detection device 200 shown in FIG.
In the example shown in FIG. 11, the processing of the workpiece W1 is also used to add the information IN1 to the product W2, so there is no need for a dedicated processing process to add the information IN1 to the product W2. The administrator can manage the product W2 based on the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 by the detection device 200.

(5) Third example of forming embedded information on the workpiece during processing:
When the number of drive axes by the control shaft drive unit U12 is two or more, such as two axes, Y-axis and Z-axis, by controlling the coordinates of intersections between valleys or peaks included in the cutting marks C1, Embedded information IN2 can be formed. For example, in end mill cutting, cutting marks C1 including many arcuate valleys and peaks are formed on the surface of the workpiece W1. Therefore, the information IN1 can be decoded from the embedded information IN2 by extracting the center coordinates of the circular arcs and the coordinates of the intersection of the circular arcs from the cutting mark C1, for example, by image analysis.

FIG. 12 schematically illustrates a cutting mark C1 formed on the surface of the workpiece W1 by the movement of the cutting edge TO2t of the end mill TO2, which sets the position of the intersection 331 between circular arcs as the embedded information IN2. In the lower part of FIG. 12, an enlarged view of the cutting mark C1 caused by the locus 320 of the cutting edge TO2t of the end mill TO2 is shown. For example, it is assumed that the tool post drive unit 24 is capable of moving the end mill TO2 along the Y-axis and the Z-axis, which have different directions.
In the command range shown in FIG. 12, it is assumed that the work W1 is subjected to end mill cutting in which the rotating end mill TO2 moves along the Y-axis and the Z-axis. The start position of end mill cutting with respect to the command range is the position of the reference circle 310 determined by the center coordinates and the diameter. A valley is formed on the surface of the workpiece W1 at the position of the reference circle 310 by the cutting edge TO2t of the end mill TO2. The NC device 70 moves the reference circle 310 along the Y-axis and the Z-axis so that the coordinates of the intersection of the reference circle 310 as the first arc for one revolution of the end mill and the arc for one continuous revolution of the end mill become the coordinates according to the information IN1. Controls the movement of the end mill TO2. It should be noted that each circular arc does not have to correspond to one rotation of an end mill, such as 0.5 rotation of an end mill, as long as an intersection occurs between the circular arcs.

FIG. 13 schematically shows an example in which cutting marks C1 are formed by matching the positions of intersections 331 between circular arcs to input information. In the upper part of FIG. 13, an information table TA1 showing the correspondence between the coordinates of the intersection point 331 and the unit information IN4 included in the information IN1 is shown.
Here, as shown in the middle part of FIG. 13, the locus 320 of the cutting edge TO2t of the end mill TO2 is a first circular arc 321 and a second circular arc 322 following the first circular arc 321, which intersects with the first circular arc 321. A second circular arc 322 is included. The locus 320 becomes a valley in the cutting mark C1. Therefore, the cutting mark C1 includes the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322. Further, the center coordinates of the first circular arc 321 are taken as the origin 330, and the coordinates of the intersection 331 between the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322 are taken as the coordinates with the origin 330 as a reference. The origin 330 is the average position of the tool center line AX2 during one rotation of the end mill TO2 on the surface of the workpiece W1. The embedded information IN2 includes the coordinates of an intersection 331 between the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322, with the origin 330 being the center coordinates of the first circular arc 321. In the third example, the embedded information IN2 includes the coordinates of the intersection 331, and the unit information IN4 is a component of the original information IN1.

As shown in the middle part of FIG. 13, the coordinates of the point where the second arc 322 first intersects with the first arc 321 are (z1, z1), and then the coordinates of the point where the second arc 322 intersects with the first arc 321 are (z2, z2). By controlling the movement of the end mill TO2 along the Z-axis and the Y-axis, the coordinates (z1, z1) and (z2, z2) of the intersection point 331 can be set at desired positions. Therefore, by associating the unit information IN4 with the combination of the absolute value of the z coordinate and the absolute value of the y coordinate, as shown in the information table TA1 shown in the upper part of FIG. A trajectory 320 having an intersection of coordinates (z, y) can be realized. In the information table TA1 shown in the upper part of FIG. 13, for example, when the coordinates (|z|, |y|) are (1, 1), unit information "a" is linked, and the coordinates (|z|, | When y|) is (1, 2), unit information "b" is associated. Since the coordinates (z, y) of the intersection point 331 are two-dimensional coordinates, the unit information IN4 linked to the coordinates (z, y) can be set to binary (0 or 1) or quaternary (0, 1, 2, or , 3). As a result, the amount of embedded information IN2 per unit area can be increased, and a large amount of embedded information IN2 can be formed in a small area of the workpiece W1.
Furthermore, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 13, the previous second arc 322 is set as a new first arc 321, the arc corresponding to one revolution of the end mill following the first arc 321 is set as a new second arc 322, and a new The coordinates of the intersection point 331 are determined by setting the center coordinates of the first circular arc 321 as the origin 330. In this case, the coordinates of the point where the second circular arc 322 first intersects with the first circular arc 321 are (z3, z3), and then the coordinates of the point where the second circular arc 322 intersects with the first circular arc 321 are (z4, z4). shall be. By controlling the movement of the end mill TO2 along the Z-axis and the Y-axis, the coordinates (z3, z3) and (z4, z4) of the intersection point 331 can be set to desired positions. Each arc is not limited to one revolution of the end mill.

FIG. 14 schematically illustrates a cutting control process in which input of the cutting command CD2 is received and the cutting command CD2 is executed when the position of the intersection 331 between circular arcs is set as the embedded information IN2. Although the cutting control process is assumed to be performed by the NC device 70 and the operation unit 80, an external computer 100 may perform a part of the cutting control process. In the cutting control process shown in FIG. 14, the reception unit U2 performs the process of step S302, and the control unit U3 performs the process of steps S304 to S306.
First, the NC device 70 and the operation unit 80 accept input of the cutting command CD2 (step S302). The cutting command CD2 is a command for forming the product W2 from the workpiece W1, and is not a dedicated command for forming the embedded information IN2. The cutting command CD2 shown in FIG. 14 includes a cutting code number mmm starting from "M", a Z-axis reference position zzzz starting from "Z", a Y-axis reference position yyy starting from "Y", and an upper limit speed starting from "F". fff and information ddd starting with "D". The reference position zzz,yyy is the center coordinate of the reference circle 310. Basically, the cutting command CD2 relatively moves the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 along the Z-axis and Y-axis from the reference position zzz, yyy at a feed rate that does not exceed the upper limit speed fff in order to form the product W2. This is a command to move the workpiece W1 to the tool TO1 and cut the workpiece W1 with the tool TO1. This cutting command CD1 includes information ddd to be embedded. Note that if the relative movement direction between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 is along the Z-axis and the X-axis, "Yyyy" may be replaced with the reference position xxx of the X-axis starting from "X". "Ffff" can be omitted, and if "Ffff" is omitted, the default upper limit speed is applied. The information ddd corresponds to the information IN1 to be detected by the detection device 200, and corresponds to a combination of the unit information IN4. The process of step S302 may be a process in which the operation unit 80 receives the input of the cutting command CD2 under the control of the NC device 70, or a process in which the computer 100 receives the input of the cutting command CD2. Moreover, the process of step S302 may be a process of accepting input of the machining program PR2 including the cutting command CD2.

After step S302, the NC device 70 (or computer 100) determines that the cutting mark C1 including the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322 having an intersection point 331 at the coordinates corresponding to the unit information IN4 of the input information ddd is The feed rate F of each control axis is set so that the feed rate is W1 (step S304). In the example shown in FIG. 13, the coordinates (z1, y1) correspond to the first unit information IN4, the coordinates (z2, y2) correspond to the second unit information IN4, and the coordinates (z2, y2) correspond to the third unit information IN4. The Z-axis feed rate and the Y-axis feed rate are set so that an intersection 331 occurs at coordinates (z3, y3), . . . .
Note that if the next unit information IN4 does not exist in the information IN1, the NC device 70, for example, adjusts the Z-axis feed so that the arc following the previous second arc 322 and the previous second arc 322 do not intersect. What is necessary is to set the speed and the feed rate of the Y axis.

After setting the feed rate F, the NC device 70 operates the drive unit U1 so as to cut the workpiece W1 while moving the rotating tool TO1 from the reference circle 310 in the Z-axis direction and the Y-axis direction at the set feed rate F. (step S306). After step S306, the NC device 70 ends the cutting control process.
As described above, the NC device 70 controls the control shaft drive unit U12 so that the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322 having the intersection point 331 at the coordinates corresponding to the input information IN1 are formed on the workpiece W1. Change relative positional relationship.

FIG. 15 schematically shows a configuration example and a processing example of the detection device 200 in the case where the position of the intersection 331 between circular arcs is used as embedded information IN2.
The detection device 200 shown in the upper part of FIG. 15 includes an imaging device 211, a display section 212, and a measurement control section 213. The imaging device 211 includes a light source that shines light onto the surface of the product W2, and photographs the surface of the product W2 so that arcs existing on the surface of the product W2 can be identified. In addition, by adjusting the direction of the light applied to the surface of the product W2 (direction of the light source), the difference in brightness between the peaks and valleys existing in the cutting mark C1 can be adjusted. The surface of the product W2 can be photographed so that the arc in the mark C1 can be identified. The measurement control unit 213 includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc., and acquires a photographed image with embedded information IN2 from the imaging device 211, detects information IN1 from the embedded information IN2 included in the photographed image, and displays it on the display unit 212. let Of course, part or all of the measurement control unit 213 may be realized by other means such as ASIC. The lower part of FIG. 15 shows decoding processing performed by the measurement control unit 213. When an operation is performed on the imaging device 211 to image the embedded information IN2 present in the product W2, decoding processing starts.

When the decoding process starts, the measurement control unit 213 acquires a photographed image of the embedded information IN2 from the imaging device 211 (step S402). As shown in FIG. 12, the photographed image shows a cutting mark C1 including an arc (321, 322) having an intersection point 331 at the coordinates corresponding to each unit information IN4. Next, the measurement control unit 213 extracts the center position and diameter of the reference circle 310 from the captured image (step S404). For example, since the center position zzz, yyy of the reference circle 310 is set from the cutting command CD2 shown in FIG. The center position and diameter of the reference circle 310 may be specified.

After extracting the reference circle 310, the measurement control unit 213 extracts a first circular arc 321 and a second circular arc 322 from the captured image, and sets the first circular arc 321 and the second circular arc 322 with the center coordinates of the first circular arc 321 as the origin 330. The coordinates of the intersection point 331 are determined (step S406). As mentioned above, the first first circular arc 321 is the reference circle 310. In this case, the coordinates (z1, y1) and (z2, y2) of the intersection point 331 are determined from the cutting mark C1 shown in the middle part of FIG. 13. After that, the measurement control unit 213 decodes the coordinates of the intersection into the original unit information IN4 according to the information table TA1 as shown in FIG. 13 (step S408).

The measurement control unit 203 repeats the processes of steps S402 to S408 while an arc following the second arc 322 exists in the captured image (step S410). In the next step S406, the measurement control unit 213 sets the previous second arc 322 as a new first arc 321, and sets the arc following the first arc 321 as a new second arc, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 322, and the coordinates of the intersection 331 are determined with the center coordinates of the new first circular arc 321 as the origin 330. If an arc following the second arc 322 does not exist in the captured image, the measurement control unit 203 displays information IN1 represented by unit information IN4 linked to the coordinate group of the intersection 331 included in the embedded information IN2 on the display unit 202. (step S412), and the decoding process ends. By performing the determination process in step S410 starting from the extraction of the reference circle 310, it is possible to prevent the coordinates of an intersection point that does not constitute the embedded information IN2 from being decoded.
As described above, the detection device 200 detects the information IN1 from the embedded information IN2 formed in the workpiece W1.

The above-described decoding process does not directly extract the intersection 331 from the captured image, but extracts continuous arcs (321, 322) from the reference circle 310 from the captured image and then determines the coordinates of the intersection 331. Even if a dent or indentation occurs on the product W2, it is thought that there are few cases in which the entire arc (321, 322) disappears, and even if the intersection 331 disappears from the product W2 due to a dent or indentation, the arc ( 321, 322), it is possible to determine the coordinates of the intersection point 331. Furthermore, since intersections between non-contiguous arcs are excluded from the reference circle 310, the coordinates of intersections that are not related to the embedded information IN2 are not decoded.

In the third example as well, the processing of the workpiece W1 is used to add the information IN1 to the product W2, so there is no need for a dedicated processing process to add the information IN1 to the product W2. The administrator can manage the product W2 based on the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 by the detection device 200.

The processing for forming the embedded information IN2 represented by the coordinates of the intersection 331 between circular arcs on the workpiece W1 is not limited to milling, but may also be turning. The machine tool 1 can control the rotational speed of the workpiece W1 in the spindle rotation drive unit 13, and can control the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 along the X-axis and the Y-axis in the control axis drive unit U12. It can be changed. For example, in cutting the end face of the workpiece W1, the machine tool 1 can form a cutting mark C1 including arcs (321, 322) as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 on the end face of the workpiece W1. Therefore, the machine tool 1 can form the cutting marks C1 including the circular arcs (321, 322) corresponding to the information IN1 on the end surface of the workpiece W1 by performing the cutting control process as shown in FIG. The detection device 200 can detect the original information IN1 from the embedded information IN2 included in the cutting mark C1 by performing the decoding process as shown in FIG.

(6) Fourth example of forming embedded information on the workpiece during processing:
The processing for forming the embedded information IN2 on the workpiece W1 is not limited to milling or turning.
FIG. 16 schematically illustrates embedded information IN2 included in cutting marks C1 formed on the surface of workpiece W1 due to minute changes in machining depth DE.

As shown in the upper part of FIG. 16, the machine tool 1 does not rotate or move the workpiece W1, applies the cutting edge TO3t of the cutting tool TO3 facing the Y-axis direction to the side surface of the workpiece W1, and moves the cutting tool TO3 at a feed rate F Shaping (shaper processing) is performed by moving in the +Z direction. Here, in order to include the embedded information IN2 in the cutting mark C1, by changing the cutting tool TO3 by a minute amount along the Y axis during shaping, the machining depth DE is changed by a minute amount, and the unit information IN5 of the embedded information IN2 is changed by a minute amount. This will be expressed as the machining depth DE. The reason why the change in the machining depth DE is expressed as a "minor amount" is due to the intention of keeping the change in the machining depth DE within the level of the machining error. For example, a surface roughness meter can read a level difference of about 0.1 μm, so even if the change in machining depth DE is minute, about 0.2 to 1 μm, the difference in machining depth DE can be detected on the surface. It can be read with a roughness meter. Instead of the surface roughness meter, it is also possible to use a laser displacement meter, an eddy current displacement meter, a coordinate measuring machine, an image processing device, etc.

From the above, the embedded information IN2 of the cutting mark C1 is divided into a plurality of unit information IN5, and each unit information IN5 has at least the first machining depth DE1 and the second machining depth different from the first machining depth DE1. The NC device 70 may control the machining of the workpiece W1 so that the depth DE2 can be achieved. In the example shown in FIG. 16, the original information IN1 is expressed in binary, the unit information "0" included in the original information IN1 is assigned to the first machining depth DE1, and the unit included in the original information IN1 is assigned to the first machining depth DE1. Information "1" is assigned to the second machining depth DE2. The NC device 70 changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 in a direction in which a plurality of unit information IN5 are sequentially formed on the headstock drive section 14. Here, when embedding the first machining depth DE1 corresponding to the original "0" into the cutting mark C1, the NC device 70 drives the headstock so that the machining depth DE becomes the first machining depth DE1. 14. When embedding the second machining depth DE2 corresponding to the original "1" into the cutting mark C1, the NC device 70 operates the headstock drive unit 14 so that the machining depth DE becomes the second machining depth DE2. Control. In this way, the NC device 70 causes the control shaft drive unit U12 to move the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 in the direction in which the machining depth DE changes so that the workpiece W1 is cut at the machining depth DE corresponding to each unit information IN5. change the relative positional relationship of
Of course, the cutting marks C1 as shown in FIG. 16 are caused by a similar change in relative positional relationship, such as planer machining, in which the workpiece W1 moves in the -Z direction instead of the tool TO3 moving in the +Z direction. It is formed. In addition, when vertical cutting (slotter processing) is performed in which the workpiece W1 is not rotated or moved and the cutting tool TO3 is moved in the vertical direction at the feed rate F, the cutting marks C1 including the embedded information IN2 are created in the same way. can be formed.

Of course, the cut pattern of the embedded information IN2 may conform to the barcode standard as shown in FIG. The unit information IN3 is not limited to binary values, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
In either case, the detection device 200 measures the machining depth DE of each unit information IN5 included in the embedded information IN2 on the surface of the product W2, and restores the original information IN1 according to the correspondence between the machining depth DE and the unit information. can be detected. Since each piece of unit information IN5 is represented by a machining depth DE that is simple and difficult to be affected by noise, embedded information IN2 with a high S/N ratio is formed in workpiece W1, and the reading accuracy of unit information IN5 can be improved. As the detection device 200, a surface roughness meter, a laser displacement meter, an eddy current displacement meter, a coordinate measuring machine, an image processing device, etc. can be used. Since the unit information IN5 can be read even with an inexpensive laser measuring device or the like, it is possible to keep the cost of the detection device low and to speed up the decoding process.

Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 17, a specific example of processing for forming the embedded information IN2 on the workpiece W1 during cutting such as shaping, planing, vertical cutting, etc. will be described. FIG. 17 schematically illustrates a cutting control process in which input of the cutting command CD1 is received and the cutting command CD1 is executed when the processing depth DE is set to the embedded information IN2. In the cutting control process shown in FIG. 17, the reception unit U2 performs the process of step S502, and the control unit U3 performs the process of steps S504 to S506.
First, the NC device 70 and the operating unit 80 (or the computer 100) accept the input of the cutting command CD1 (step S502). The cutting command CD1 shown in FIG. 17 includes a cutting code number mmm starting from "M", a Z-axis reference position zzz starting from "Z", an upper limit speed fff starting from "F", and information ddd starting from "D". Contains. Basically, the cutting command CD1 cuts the workpiece W1 by relatively moving the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 in the Z-axis direction from the reference position zzz at a feed rate that does not exceed the upper limit speed fff in order to form the product W2. This is a command to cut with tool TO1. This cutting command CD1 includes information ddd to be embedded. If the relative movement direction of workpiece W1 and tool TO1 is along the X-axis or Y-axis, "Zzzz" is the X-axis reference position xxx or Y-axis reference position yyy starting from "X" or "Y". You can replace it with

After step S502, the NC device 70 (or computer 100) sets each machining depth DE of the unit information IN5 (step S504). For example, as shown in FIG. 16, unit information "0" is set to the first machining depth DE1, and unit information "1" is set to the second machining depth DE2. After setting the machining depth DE, the NC device 70 controls the drive unit U1 to cut the workpiece W1 at the machining depth DE according to the state of the plurality of unit information IN5 forming the received input information ddd. (Step S506). For example, when the information ddd is expressed as "01101001" in binary, the NC device 70 causes the tool post drive unit 24 to move the cutting tool TO3 in the +Z direction at a feed rate F, and the machining depth DE is set to the unit information "0". The position of the cutting tool TO3 in the Y-axis direction is controlled so that the first machining depth DE1 is at the embedding location of "" and the second machining depth DE1 is at the embedding location of the unit information "1". As a result, the surface state of the embedded information IN2 is determined in units of the unit information IN5: first machining depth DE1, second machining depth DE2, second machining depth DE2, first machining depth DE1, The machining depth changes to a second machining depth DE2, a first machining depth DE1, a first machining depth DE1, and a second machining depth DE2.

As described above, the NC device 70 changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 in a direction in which a plurality of unit information IN5 is sequentially formed in the drive unit U1, and also changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 so that a plurality of unit information IN5 is sequentially formed in the drive unit U1. The relative positional relationship between the workpiece W1 and the tool TO1 is changed in the direction in which the machining depth DE changes so that the workpiece W1 is cut at a machining depth DE corresponding to .
After step S506, the NC device 70 ends the cutting control process.

FIG. 18 schematically shows a configuration example and a processing example of the detection device 200.
The detection device 200 shown in the upper part of FIG. 18 includes a laser displacement meter 221, a display section 222, and a measurement control section 223. Laser displacement meter 221 measures the height of the surface of product W2. The height of the surface of the product W2 corresponds to the processing depth DE. The measurement control unit 223 includes a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc., and acquires a height measurement value from the laser displacement meter 221, detects information IN1 from the embedded information IN2, and causes the display unit 202 to display the detected information IN1. Of course, part or all of the measurement control unit 203 may be realized by other means such as ASIC. The lower part of FIG. 18 shows decoding processing performed by the measurement control unit 203. When the laser displacement meter 221 is operated to read the embedded information IN2 present in the product W2, the decoding process starts.

When the decoding process starts, the measurement control unit 223 sequentially acquires the machining depth DE of the unit information IN5 (step S602). The process of step S602 may be, for example, a process of sequentially acquiring height measurement values corresponding to the machining depth DE of the unit information IN5. Next, the measurement control unit 223 decodes the machining depth DE into the original unit information (step S604). For example, assuming that the first machining depth DE1 corresponds to the unit information "0" and the second machining depth DE2 corresponds to the unit information "1" as shown in FIG. Let THDE be a threshold value for identifying DE1 and second machining depth DE2. The measurement control unit 223 can assign "0" to the unit information when the machining depth DE is greater than the threshold value THDE, and assign "1" to the unit information when the machining depth DE is less than the threshold value THDE. be able to. When DE=THDE, the detection device 200 may assign either "0" or "1" to the unit information. The measurement control unit 223 may acquire the measured height value from the laser displacement meter 221, convert it into the machining depth DE, and then decode the unit information using the threshold THDE. The unit information may be decoded using the measured value itself and the height threshold.

The measurement control unit 223 repeats the processing of steps S602 to S604 until all of the unit information IN5 included in the embedded information IN2 is decoded into the original unit information (step S606). When all the unit information IN5 included in the embedded information IN2 has been decoded into the original unit information, the measurement control unit 223 displays the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 on the display unit 202 (step S608), and decodes the information IN1. Terminate the process.
As described above, the detection device 200 detects the information IN1 from the embedded information IN2 formed in the workpiece W1.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the processing of the workpiece W1 is also used to add the information IN1 to the product W2, so there is no need for a dedicated processing process to add the information IN1 to the product W2. The administrator can manage the product W2 based on the information IN1 detected from the embedded information IN2 by the detection device 200.
In the examples shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, the machine tool 1 does not have to be a milling machine or a lathe, but may be a milling machine that does not have a milling or turning function, such as a shaping machine, a planing machine, or a vertical turning machine. A sharpening machine, etc. may also be used.

(7) Modification example:
Various modifications of the present invention are possible.
For example, when performing milling, the machine tool 1 is not limited to a lathe, but may be a milling machine or the like that does not have a turning function. Of course, when performing turning, the machine tool 1 may be a lathe or the like that does not have a milling function.
The control unit U3 may be provided not in the machine body 2 but in the computer 100 (see FIG. 1). Further, it is also possible that both the machine main body 2 and the computer 100 constitute the control unit U3.

(8) Conclusion:
As described above, according to the present invention, in various aspects, it is possible to provide a technique etc. that can improve the convenience of managing products formed by machine tools. Of course, the above-mentioned basic operation and effect can be obtained even with a technique consisting only of the constituent elements according to the independent claim.
In addition, configurations in which the configurations disclosed in the above-mentioned examples are mutually replaced or the combinations are changed, and configurations in which the configurations disclosed in the publicly known technology and the above-mentioned examples are mutually replaced or the combinations are changed. It is also possible to implement such a configuration. The present invention also includes these configurations.

1... Machine tool, 2... Machine body, 10... Headstock, 11... Spindle,
13... Spindle rotation drive unit, 14... Headstock drive unit, 20... Turret,
23... Tool rotation drive unit, 24... Turret drive unit, 70... NC device,
80...Operation unit, 81...Input unit, 82...Display unit, 100...Computer,
200...detection device, 300...trajectory, 301...start point, 302...end point,
310...Reference circle, 320...Trajectory, 321...First arc, 322...Second arc,
330...Origin, 331...Intersection, AX0...Center line, AX1...Spindle center line,
AX2...Tool center line, C1...Cutting marks, CD1, CD2...Cutting commands,
DE...machining depth, DE1...first machining depth, DE2...second machining depth,
F1...first speed, F2...second speed, IN1...information, IN2...embedded information,
IN3...unit information, IN4...unit information, IN5...unit information, k...predetermined ratio,
R0...rotation object, ST1...first state, ST2...second state,
SY1...management system, TO1...tool, TO2...end mill,
TO2t...Blade tip, TO3...Bite, TO3t...Blade tip, U1...Drive unit,
U2...reception unit, U3...control unit, U11...rotation drive unit,
U12...Control shaft drive unit, W1...Workpiece, W2...Product.

Claims

a drive unit that changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool;
a reception unit that receives input of information for the detection device to detect;
The drive unit includes a control unit that changes the relative positional relationship so that cutting marks including embedded information that can be detected by the detection device are formed on the workpiece during machining with the tool. ,Machine Tools.
The drive unit includes:
a rotation drive unit that rotates a rotational object, which is one of the workpiece and the tool, about a center line of the rotational object;
a control shaft drive unit that changes the relative positional relationship along the control axis,
The control unit causes the rotation drive unit to rotate the object to be rotated, and causes the control shaft drive unit to rotate the relative object so that the cutting marks including the embedded information are formed on the workpiece during machining by the tool. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the machine tool changes the positional relationship.
The embedded information includes a first state and a plurality of unit information that can be in a second state different from the first state,
The control unit causes the drive unit to change the relative positional relationship at a first speed so that the unit information in the first state is formed on the workpiece when the unit information is in the first state. and set the relative positional relationship to a speed different from the first speed to the drive unit so that when the unit information is in the second state, the unit information in the second state is formed on the workpiece. The machine tool according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the machine tool is changed at two speeds.
If the command for changing the relative positional relationship so that the cutting marks including the embedded information are formed includes an upper limit speed, the control unit adjusts the first speed to the upper limit speed and adjusts the first speed to the upper limit speed. causing the drive unit to change the relative positional relationship so that the unit information of one state is formed on the workpiece, and adjusting the second speed to a speed obtained by multiplying the upper limit speed by a predetermined ratio smaller than 1. The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the drive unit changes the relative positional relationship so that the unit information in the second state is formed on the workpiece.
The control shaft drive unit changes the relative positional relationship along the plurality of control axes having different directions,
The cutting trace includes a first circular arc, and a second circular arc that follows the first circular arc and intersects with the first circular arc,
The embedded information includes coordinates of an intersection between the first circular arc and the second circular arc, with the origin being the center coordinates of the first circular arc,
The control unit causes the control shaft drive unit to change the relative positional relationship so that the first circular arc and the second circular arc having the intersection point at the coordinates corresponding to the information are formed on the workpiece. , The machine tool according to claim 2.
The embedded information includes a first machining depth and a plurality of unit information that can be a second machining depth different from the first machining depth,
The control unit changes the relative positional relationship in a direction in which the plurality of unit information is sequentially formed on the drive unit, and causes the drive unit to apply the workpiece at a machining depth corresponding to each piece of unit information. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the relative positional relationship is changed in a direction in which the machining depth is changed so that the machining depth is changed.
A management system including a machine tool and an information detection device,
The machine tool is
a drive unit that changes the relative positional relationship between the workpiece and the tool;
a reception unit that receives input of the information;
The drive unit includes a control unit that changes the relative positional relationship so that cutting marks including embedded information that can be detected by the detection device are formed on the workpiece during machining with the tool. ,
The detection device is a management system that detects the information from the embedded information formed in the workpiece.