WO2024041361A1 - Procédé et appareil de caractérisation de test pour coupleur réglable de puce quantique, et ordinateur quantique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de caractérisation de test pour coupleur réglable de puce quantique, et ordinateur quantique Download PDF

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WO2024041361A1
WO2024041361A1 PCT/CN2023/111508 CN2023111508W WO2024041361A1 WO 2024041361 A1 WO2024041361 A1 WO 2024041361A1 CN 2023111508 W CN2023111508 W CN 2023111508W WO 2024041361 A1 WO2024041361 A1 WO 2024041361A1
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Prior art keywords
qubit
adjustable coupler
quantum
voltage
amplitude
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PCT/CN2023/111508
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Chinese (zh)
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WO2024041361A9 (fr
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邓星
孔伟成
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本源量子计算科技（合肥）股份有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
    • G06N10/70—Quantum error correction, detection or prevention, e.g. surface codes or magic state distillation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
    • G06N10/20—Models of quantum computing, e.g. quantum circuits or universal quantum computers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a quantum chip adjustable coupler test characterization method, device, and quantum computer.
  • Quantum computing and quantum information is an interdisciplinary subject that implements computing and information processing tasks based on the principles of quantum mechanics. It is closely related to quantum physics, computer science, information science and other disciplines. There has been rapid development in the past two decades. Quantum algorithms based on quantum computers in scenarios such as factorization and unstructured search have demonstrated performance that far exceeds existing algorithms based on classical computers, and this direction has also placed expectations on surpassing existing computing capabilities. Since quantum computing has the potential to far exceed the performance of classical computers in solving specific problems, in order to realize a quantum computer, it is necessary to obtain a quantum chip containing a sufficient number and quality of qubits, and to be able to perform extremely high fidelity on the qubits. Quantum logic gate operation and reading.
  • Quantum chips are to quantum computers what CPUs are to traditional computers. Quantum chips are the core components of quantum computers, and quantum chips are processors that perform quantum calculations. Before each quantum chip is officially put into use, the relevant parameters of the qubits in the quantum chip need to be tested and characterized.
  • the qubit expansion architecture based on adjustable couplers
  • coupling between two qubits can be achieved through a fixed capacitive coupling and an adjustable coupler that can adjust the coupling coefficient.
  • the adjustable coupler has a similar structure to the qubit.
  • the frequency of the tunable coupler cannot be directly obtained when testing and characterizing the performance parameters of the quantum chip, which leads to the DC ( Direct Current (DC) spectrum or AC (Alternating Current, AC) spectrum cannot be obtained.
  • DC Direct Current
  • AC Alternating Current
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization method, device, and quantum computer to solve the problem in the prior art that the adjustable coupler cannot be tested and characterized.
  • this application proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization method, including:
  • a first experiment is performed on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, and the first experiment is used to obtain the variation of the first amplitude of the first qubit with the DC voltage and the frequency of the control signal, wherein,
  • the adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, the first amplitude is the amplitude of the first signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit, and the DC voltage is the The DC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler is obtained based on the change.
  • performing a first experiment on the tunable coupler and the first qubit includes:
  • the DC voltage is traversed according to a first step in the first range, wherein the first step is preconfigured.
  • the frequency of the control signal is traversed in the second range according to a second step size, wherein the second step size is preconfigured.
  • obtaining the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler based on the change includes:
  • the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler is obtained based on the coordinate information.
  • obtaining the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler based on the coordinate information includes:
  • the data contained in the coordinate information is fitted according to the following fitting function:
  • x is the DC voltage
  • y is the frequency of the control signal
  • A, B, d, m, and ⁇ are parameters of the fitting function.
  • this application also proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization device, including:
  • a first experiment execution unit configured to perform a first experiment on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, the first experiment being used to obtain the first amplitude of the first qubit as a function of the DC voltage and the control signal changes in frequency, wherein the adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, and the first amplitude is the first signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit.
  • the amplitude of the DC voltage is the DC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler
  • the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • a spectrum acquisition unit configured to acquire the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler based on the changing conditions.
  • this application also proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization method, including:
  • a first experiment is performed on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, and the first experiment is used to obtain the variation of the first amplitude of the first qubit with the AC voltage and the frequency of the control signal, wherein,
  • the adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, the first amplitude is the amplitude of the first signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit, and the AC voltage is the The AC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • the AC spectrum of the adjustable coupler is obtained based on the change.
  • this application also proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization device, including:
  • a first experiment execution unit configured to perform a first experiment on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, the first experiment being used to obtain the first amplitude of the first qubit as a function of the AC voltage and the control signal changes in frequency, wherein the adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, and the first amplitude is the first amplitude of the quantum state information carried in the reading cavity of the first qubit.
  • the amplitude of the signal, the AC voltage is the AC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, and the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • a spectrum acquisition unit configured to acquire the AC spectrum of the adjustable coupler based on the changing conditions.
  • this application also proposes a quantum control system that utilizes the quantum chip tunable coupler test characterization method described in any of the above characterizations, or includes the quantum chip tunable coupling described in the above characterizations.
  • Device testing and characterization equipment are included in the quantum chip tunable coupler test characterization method.
  • this application also proposes a quantum computer, including the quantum control system described in the above description.
  • this application also proposes a readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can realize the adjustable coupling of the quantum chip described in any one of the above descriptions.
  • Device test characterization methods When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can realize the adjustable coupling of the quantum chip described in any one of the above descriptions.
  • this application also proposes a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the quantum chip adjustable coupler test characterization method described in any one of the above descriptions.
  • the quantum chip tunable coupler testing and characterization method proposed in this application first performs a first experiment on the tunable coupler and the first qubit.
  • the first experiment is used to obtain the first amplitude of the first qubit over time.
  • the amplitude of the first signal of information, the DC voltage is the DC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, and the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit; then based on the change Situation
  • the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler can be indirectly obtained through the cooperation of the qubits coupled to the adjustable coupler, thereby completing the test and characterization of the performance parameters of the quantum chip, filling the technical gap.
  • This application also proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization device, a quantum control system, a quantum computer and a readable storage medium, which belong to the same inventive concept as the quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization method, and therefore have the same
  • the beneficial effects will not be described in detail here.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization method proposed by this application;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram 1 of the results obtained after performing the first experiment on the adjustable coupler and the first qubit in an embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram 2 of the results obtained after performing the first experiment on the adjustable coupler and the first qubit in an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the DC spectrum obtained after fitting the results of the first experiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization device proposed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization method proposed in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization device proposed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
  • This embodiment of the present application proposes a test and characterization method for a quantum chip adjustable coupler, including:
  • S10 Perform a first experiment on the adjustable coupler and the first qubit, the first experiment is used to obtain the change of the first amplitude of the first qubit with the DC voltage and the frequency of the control signal, wherein, The adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, the first amplitude is the amplitude of the first signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit, and the DC voltage is the DC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, and the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • the quantum chip tunable coupler testing and characterization method proposed in the embodiment of this application first performs a first experiment on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, and the first experiment is used to obtain the The first amplitude of the first qubit changes with the frequency of the DC voltage and the control signal, wherein the adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, and the first amplitude is the change of the first qubit.
  • the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler can be indirectly obtained through the cooperation of the qubits coupled to the adjustable coupler, thereby completing the test and characterization of the performance parameters of the quantum chip, filling the technical gap.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are the results obtained after performing the first experiment on the adjustable coupler and the first qubit in a certain embodiment.
  • Figures 2 and Figure 3 are three-dimensional diagrams.
  • the abscissa is the DC voltage
  • the ordinate is the frequency of the control signal.
  • the changes in color represent different amplitude changes.
  • the amplitude here is the reading of the first qubit.
  • a qubit and an adjustable coupler can form a three-level system.
  • the three-level system includes three basis vectors
  • applying a periodic drive to the qubit can couple
  • 10> is g.
  • the frequencies of these three energy levels are ⁇ 00 , ⁇ 10 and ⁇ 01 respectively.
  • the two eigenstates of the three-level system are:
  • 10> is equal, ⁇ 0, that is, the resonance state of the qubit and the adjustable coupler, at this time
  • 10> through ⁇ ⁇ 10 -g 2 / ⁇ .
  • ⁇ represents the frequency of the control signal of the quantum state of the qubit.
  • Bit excitation can be achieved at different excitation frequencies, so it can be observed in the experimental results of the first experiment.
  • the area in the dotted box in Figure 2 and Figure 3 is the area where energy level splitting occurs.
  • the frequency of the qubit is equal to the frequency of the adjustable coupler. Using this This principle can indirectly obtain the frequency of the adjustable coupler and the corresponding DC voltage.
  • the first experiment is performed on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, including:
  • you can select a value in the first range that is, the voltage value, which can be called the first voltage value
  • a value in the second range that is, the frequency value, which can be called the first frequency value
  • apply a DC voltage to the adjustable coupler according to the first voltage value and apply a control signal to the first qubit according to the first frequency value, and then obtain the signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit at this time. amplitude.
  • a different value in the second range which can be called a second frequency value
  • the amplitude of the signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit under different DC voltages and different frequency control signals can be obtained. That is, it can be obtained that the amplitude of the signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit changes as the DC voltage of the adjustable coupler and the frequency of the control signal change.
  • the DC voltage is traversed in the first range according to a first step, wherein the first step is preconfigured.
  • the frequency of the control signal is traversed in the second range according to a second step size, wherein the second step size is preconfigured.
  • obtaining the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler based on the change includes:
  • the target information includes the value of the DC voltage and the corresponding value of the frequency of the control signal
  • the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler is obtained based on the coordinate information.
  • the applicant proposed to fit the coordinate information through a fitting function. Specifically, to fit the coordinate information contained in the coordinate information The data is fitted according to the following fitting function:
  • x is the DC voltage
  • y is the frequency of the control signal
  • A, B, d, m, and ⁇ are parameters of the fitting function.
  • the specific values of the parameters A, B, d, m, and ⁇ can be solved, and then the curve represented by the fitting function can be determined, that is, the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler can be obtained.
  • the embodiment of the present application also proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization device, including:
  • a first experiment execution unit 10 configured to perform a first experiment on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, the first experiment being used to obtain the first amplitude of the first qubit as a function of DC voltage and control Changes in the frequency of the signal, wherein the adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, and the first amplitude is the first amplitude of the quantum state information carried in the reading cavity of the first qubit.
  • the amplitude of the signal, the DC voltage is the DC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, and the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • Spectrum acquisition unit 20 is configured to acquire the DC spectrum of the adjustable coupler based on the changing conditions.
  • first experiment execution unit 10 and the spectrum acquisition unit 20 can be combined and implemented in one device, or any one of the modules can be split into multiple sub-modules, or the first experiment At least part of the functions of one or more modules in the execution unit 10 and the spectrum acquisition unit 20 may be combined with at least part of the functions of other modules and implemented in one functional module.
  • At least one of the first experiment execution unit 10 and the spectrum acquisition unit 20 may be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), system on a chip, system on a substrate, system on a package, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable way to integrate or package circuits, such as hardware or firmware, or in software, This is achieved by an appropriate combination of hardware and firmware implementation methods.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLA programmable logic array
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • at least one of the first experiment execution unit 10 and the spectrum acquisition unit 20 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, and when the program is run by a computer, the functions of the corresponding modules may be executed.
  • the embodiment of this application also proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization method, including:
  • S100 Perform a first experiment on the adjustable coupler and the first qubit, the first experiment is used to obtain the change of the first amplitude of the first qubit with the AC voltage and the frequency of the control signal, wherein, The adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, the first amplitude is the amplitude of the first signal carrying quantum state information in the reading cavity of the first qubit, and the AC voltage is the AC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, and the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • the first qubit when acquiring the AC spectrum, can also be obtained by configuring the traversal range of the AC voltage and the traversal range of the frequency of the control signal. The change of the first amplitude value with the AC voltage and the frequency of the control signal.
  • the coordinate information of several points located at the energy level splitting can be obtained according to the changes, and the AC spectrum of the tunable coupler can be obtained.
  • the coordinate information can also be fitted according to the fitting function in the above embodiment to obtain the AC spectrum.
  • the embodiment of the present application also proposes a quantum chip adjustable coupler test and characterization device, including:
  • a first experiment execution unit 100 configured to perform a first experiment on the tunable coupler and the first qubit, the first experiment being used to obtain the first amplitude of the first qubit as a function of AC voltage and control Changes in the frequency of the signal, wherein the adjustable coupler is coupled to the first qubit, and the first amplitude is the first amplitude of the quantum state information carried in the reading cavity of the first qubit.
  • the amplitude of the signal, the AC voltage is the AC operating voltage of the adjustable coupler, and the control signal is a signal used to adjust the quantum state of the first qubit;
  • Spectrum acquisition unit 200 is configured to acquire the AC spectrum of the adjustable coupler based on the changing conditions.
  • first experiment execution unit 100 and the spectrum acquisition unit 200 can be combined and implemented in one device, or any one of the modules can be split into multiple sub-modules, or the first experiment At least part of the functions of one or more modules in the execution unit 100 and the spectrum acquisition unit 200 may be combined with at least part of the functions of other modules and implemented in one functional module.
  • At least one of the first experiment execution unit 100 and the spectrum acquisition unit 200 may be at least partially implemented as a hardware circuit, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), system on a chip, system on a substrate, system on a package, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other reasonable way to integrate or package circuits, such as hardware or firmware, or in software, This is achieved by an appropriate combination of hardware and firmware implementation methods.
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • PLA programmable logic array
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • at least one of the first experiment execution unit 100 and the spectrum acquisition unit 200 may be at least partially implemented as a computer program module, and when the program is run by a computer, the functions of the corresponding modules may be executed.
  • embodiments of the present application also propose a quantum control system that utilizes the quantum chip adjustable coupler test characterization method described in any of the above descriptions, or includes the quantum chip adjustable coupler described in the above descriptions. Adjustable coupler test characterization device.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a quantum computer, including the quantum control system described in the above description.
  • embodiments of the present application also propose a readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can realize the quantum chip described in any of the above descriptions. Adjustable coupler test characterization methods.
  • embodiments of the present application also propose a computer program product containing instructions, which when run on a computer causes the computer to execute the quantum chip adjustable coupler test characterization method described in any one of the above descriptions. .
  • the readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions used by the instruction execution device, such as, but not limited to, an electrical storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or the above. any suitable combination.
  • readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), Memory Stick, Floppy Disk, Mechanically encoded device, such as a punch hole with instructions stored on it The protruding structure in the card or groove, and any suitable combination of the above.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EPROM or Flash memory erasable programmable read only memory
  • SRAM Static Random Access Memory
  • CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
  • DVD Digital Versatile Disk
  • Memory Stick Memory Stick
  • Mechanically encoded device such as a punch hole with instructions stored on it The protruding structure in the card or groove, and any suitable combination of the above.
  • the computer programs described herein may be downloaded from a readable storage medium to various computing/processing devices, or to an external computer or external storage device over a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and/or a wireless network.
  • the network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and/or edge servers.
  • a network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives the computer program from the network and forwards the computer program for storage on a readable storage medium in the respective computing/processing device.
  • a computer program used to perform the operations of this application may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or any other programming language in one or more programming languages.
  • ISA instruction set architecture
  • the computer program may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server .
  • the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (such as an Internet service provider through the Internet). connect).
  • electronic circuits are personalized by utilizing state information from a computer program, For example, a programmable logic circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA), the electronic circuit can execute computer readable program instructions, thereby implementing various aspects of the present application.
  • the readable storage medium storing the computer program includes a An article of manufacture that includes instructions for implementing various aspects of the functions/acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams.
  • a computer program may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other equipment, such that a series of operational steps are performed on the computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, such that A computer program executing on a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device implements the functions/acts specified in one or more blocks of the flowcharts and/or block diagrams.
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “examples,” or “specific examples” or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic is described in connection with the embodiment or example. Included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may join and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de caractérisation de test pour un coupleur réglable d'une puce quantique, et un ordinateur quantique. Le procédé consiste à : effectuer tout d'abord une première expérience sur un coupleur réglable et un premier bit quantique, la première expérience étant utilisée pour acquérir la condition de changement d'une première amplitude du premier bit quantique conjointement avec une tension continue (CC) et la fréquence d'un signal de commande, le coupleur réglable étant couplé au premier bit quantique, la première amplitude étant une amplitude d'un premier signal transportant des informations d'état quantique dans une cavité de lecture du premier bit quantique, la tension CC étant une tension de fonctionnement CC du coupleur réglable, et le signal de commande étant un signal pour ajuster un état quantique du premier bit quantique ; puis acquérir un spectre CC du coupleur réglable sur la base de la condition de changement. Sur la base de la solution de la présente invention, le spectre CC du coupleur réglable peut être acquis indirectement par coopération avec le bit quantique couplé au coupleur réglable, ce qui permet d'achever la caractérisation de test de paramètres de performance d'une puce quantique, et de remplir l'espace technique.
PCT/CN2023/111508 2022-08-22 2023-08-07 Procédé et appareil de caractérisation de test pour coupleur réglable de puce quantique, et ordinateur quantique WO2024041361A1 (fr)

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CN114720763A (zh) * 2021-01-06 2022-07-08 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 可调耦合器及其校准方法和装置、量子测控系统
CN115470923A (zh) * 2022-08-22 2022-12-13 合肥本源量子计算科技有限责任公司 可调耦合器dc谱的获取方法、装置、量子计算机

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