WO2024041265A1 - Procédé et appareil d'imagerie par fluorescence x, dispositif électronique et support de stockage - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'imagerie par fluorescence x, dispositif électronique et support de stockage Download PDF

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WO2024041265A1
WO2024041265A1 PCT/CN2023/107540 CN2023107540W WO2024041265A1 WO 2024041265 A1 WO2024041265 A1 WO 2024041265A1 CN 2023107540 W CN2023107540 W CN 2023107540W WO 2024041265 A1 WO2024041265 A1 WO 2024041265A1
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photons
voxel
event
scattering
energy
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PCT/CN2023/107540
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Chinese (zh)
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李亮
陈志强
张丽
邢宇翔
高河伟
邓智
王振天
武传鹏
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清华大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
    • G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of radiation imaging technology, and in particular to an X-ray fluorescence imaging method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium.
  • X-ray fluorescence CT (Computed Tomograph) is an imaging mode that can obtain molecular and functional information of a target. Compared with general X-ray imaging modes, it has higher imaging contrast and sensitivity and has received a lot of attention in recent years. .
  • XFCT X-ray fluorescence Compton Tomograph, X-ray fluorescence electronic scanning
  • the Compton camera is an imaging mode that uses electronic collimation to obtain incident direction information. It does not require a mechanical collimator and therefore has high detection efficiency.
  • Compton cameras were used for astronomical observations. Later, due to their unique imaging capabilities, in recent years Compton cameras have been widely used in many fields such as environmental radiation detection, medical imaging, and proton therapy. In addition, the Compton camera can also achieve three-dimensional imaging under single-view or fewer-view scanning, thus saving scanning time.
  • X-ray fluorescence Compton camera imaging mode has still not been implemented in real experiments, mainly because this imaging mode faces many challenges.
  • X-ray fluorescence imaging has inherent imaging challenges. That is, when X-ray excitation generates fluorescence photons, it is usually accompanied by a large number of scattered photons, which will bring a large amount of noise and a low signal-to-noise ratio. It brings difficulties to the identification and imaging of fluorescence photons.
  • the polynomial fitting method can be used to remove the scattering background and extract the fluorescence peak signal intensity from the integrated energy spectrum of the projection data.
  • This application provides an X-ray fluorescence imaging method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium to solve the problem that scattered photons generated by X-ray excitation bring a large amount of noise and a low signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in difficulties in the identification and imaging of fluorescence photons.
  • an imaging system that can realize X-ray fluorescence imaging was constructed to achieve high-resolution reconstruction of the Compton camera under the condition of incident photons with energy below 100keV.
  • the first embodiment of the present application provides an X-ray fluorescence imaging method, which includes the following steps: injecting X-rays into a sample to be scanned, exciting X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned; based on a preset At the incident angle, the fluorescence photons and/or the scattered photons are injected into the Compton camera detector, and the fluorescence photons and the scattered photons generated during the movement of the Compton camera detector are obtained.
  • the preset reconstruction algorithm is:
  • system matrix is:
  • v j is the imaging space volume of voxel j
  • x,E 0 ) is the probability that event yi is related to space point x
  • x is a point in space
  • y i is the i-th event
  • E 0 is the total energy of the incident photon
  • P(x ⁇ v j ) is the probability that the spatial point x is within the volume v j of voxel j.
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging method also includes: updating the system matrix based on a preset scattering correction algorithm, wherein the updated system matrix is:
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging method also includes: determining the system matrix based on a preset Doppler broadening correction low-energy reconstruction algorithm and the scattering correction algorithm, wherein the system matrix is:
  • ⁇ is the vector between event yi and voxel v j , is a vector The angle with the vertical direction, ⁇ is the true scattering angle, ⁇ is the measured scattering angle, K( ⁇ ,E 0 ) is the Compton scattering cross section, ⁇ er is the energy resolution of the detector, and ⁇ sr is the spatial resolution of the detector rate, ⁇ db is the reconstruction angle uncertainty caused by the Doppler broadening effect, h( ⁇ i ) is the probability that event i comes from scattered photons.
  • a second embodiment of the present application provides an X-ray fluorescence imaging device, including: an excitation module for injecting X-rays into a sample to be scanned, and exciting X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned; An acquisition module, configured to inject the fluorescence photons and/or the scattered photons into the Compton camera detector based on a preset incident angle, and acquire the fluorescence photons during the movement of the Compton camera detector.
  • the imaging module is used to perform the imaging according to the first
  • the spatial coordinates, the first deposition energy, the second spatial coordinates and the second deposition energy are used to reconstruct the image of the Compton camera to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sample to be scanned.
  • the preset reconstruction algorithm is:
  • T ij is the system matrix
  • S j is the sensitivity matrix
  • i is the event number index
  • j is the voxel index
  • N is the total number of events
  • M is the total number of voxels
  • k is the voxel index
  • T ik is elements of the system matrix, is the voxel k of the image after l rounds of iteration.
  • system matrix is:
  • v j is the imaging space volume of voxel j
  • x,E 0 ) is the probability that event yi is related to space point x
  • x is a point in space
  • y i is the i-th event
  • E 0 is the total energy of the incident photon
  • P(x ⁇ v j ) is the probability that the spatial point x is within the volume v j of voxel j.
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging device further includes: updating the system matrix based on a preset scattering correction algorithm, wherein the updated system matrix is:
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging device further includes: a low-energy reconstruction algorithm based on preset Doppler broadening correction and the scattering correction algorithm to determine the system matrix, wherein the system matrix is:
  • ⁇ is the vector between event yi and voxel v j , is a vector The angle with the vertical direction, ⁇ is the true scattering angle, ⁇ is the measured scattering angle, K( ⁇ ,E 0 ) is the Compton scattering cross section, ⁇ er is the energy resolution of the detector, and ⁇ sr is the spatial resolution of the detector rate, ⁇ db is the reconstruction angle uncertainty caused by the Doppler broadening effect, h( ⁇ i ) is the probability that event i comes from scattered photons.
  • a third embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the program to implement X-ray fluorescence imaging method as described in the above embodiment.
  • a fourth embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and the program is executed by a processor to implement the X-ray fluorescence imaging method as described in the above embodiment.
  • the X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of the fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned are excited, and based on the preset incident angle, the fluorescence photons and/or scattered photons are injected into the Compton camera. detector, and obtain the first spatial coordinate and the first deposition energy of the scattering event when the fluorescence photon and scattered photon are Compton scattered during the movement of the Compton camera detector, as well as the second spatial coordinate and the first deposition energy of the absorption event.
  • Deposition energy perform image reconstruction of the Compton camera based on the first spatial coordinates, the first deposition energy, the second spatial coordinates and the second deposition energy to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sample to be scanned. It solves the problems that scattered photons generated by X-ray excitation bring a lot of noise and a low signal-to-noise ratio, making it difficult to identify and image fluorescence photons, and the Compton camera has low resolution for incident photons below 100keV. It builds a system that can An imaging system that realizes X-ray fluorescence imaging and achieves high-resolution reconstruction of Compton cameras under the incident conditions of photons with energy below 100keV.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of an X-ray fluorescence imaging method provided according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of data collection and physical processes of the XFCC system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the data collection process of the Compton camera according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of incident photons and scattered photons and their respective polarization vectors according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the theoretical change curve of Compton scattering KN (Klein-Nishina) cross section with azimuth angle ⁇ according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of azimuth angle ⁇ in data collected from real experiments according to an embodiment of the present application, and a schematic diagram of a trigonometric function fitting curve;
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of an X-ray fluorescence imaging device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • X-rays are incident on the sample to be scanned, and the X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of the fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned are excited, based on the preset At the incident angle, the fluorescence photons and/or scattered photons are injected into the Compton camera detector, and the first spatial coordinates of the scattering event that occurs when the fluorescence photons and scattered photons undergo Compton scattering during the movement of the Compton camera detector are obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an X-ray fluorescence imaging method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the X-ray fluorescence imaging method includes the following steps:
  • step S101 X-rays are incident on the sample to be scanned, and X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of the fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned are excited.
  • X-rays are incident on the sample to be scanned, and X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of fluorescent elements in the sample are excited.
  • step S102 based on the preset incident angle, the fluorescence photons and/or scattered photons are injected into the Compton camera detector, and the Compton scattering of the fluorescence photons and scattered photons during the movement of the Compton camera detector is obtained.
  • fluorescence photons and scattered photons enter the Compton camera detector in the direction of 90° of the incident direction together, or the fluorescence photons or scattered photons enter the Compton camera detector in the direction of 90° of the incident direction together.
  • the incident photon detected by the Compton camera detector undergoes Compton scattering inside the detector.
  • the first spatial coordinates and the first deposition energy of the scattering event can be obtained, and Obtain the second spatial coordinate and the second deposition energy where the absorption event occurs.
  • step S103 image reconstruction of the Compton camera is performed based on the first spatial coordinates, the first deposition energy, the second spatial coordinates, and the second deposition energy to obtain a three-dimensional image of the sample to be scanned.
  • the first spatial coordinate the first deposition energy, the second spatial coordinate and the second deposition energy
  • different tomographic switching of the fan beam scanning can be realized by moving the translation stage, and finally a three-dimensional image can be formed.
  • the preset reconstruction algorithm is:
  • the list mode data required for Compton camera reconstruction are used for iterative reconstruction of the list mode maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm, where the voxel index value can be selected arbitrarily, such as a random initial value,
  • the reconstruction result of the filtered back-projection algorithm can be used as the initial value, etc.
  • the system matrix is:
  • v j is the imaging space volume of voxel j
  • x,E 0 ) is the probability that event yi is related to space point x
  • x is a point in space
  • y i is the i-th event
  • E 0 is the total energy of the incident photon
  • P(x ⁇ v j ) is the probability that the spatial point x is within the volume v j of voxel j.
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging method further includes: updating the system matrix based on a preset scattering correction algorithm, where the updated system matrix is:
  • r 0 is the classical electron radius
  • E 2 and E 0 are the scattered photon energy and the incident photon total energy respectively
  • ⁇ is the Compton scattering angle
  • ⁇ is the polarization azimuth angle, which is the scattering photon vector on the incident photon polarization plane.
  • Figure 5 shows the change of the Klein-Nishina differential cross section with the polarization azimuth angle ⁇ .
  • the distribution of the azimuth angle ⁇ (the angle window is 10°), and the trigonometric function nonlinear curve fitting of the distribution is performed as follows: Among them, the azimuth angle in the data collected from the real experiment is The distribution of angles and the schematic diagram of the trigonometric function fitting curve are shown in Figure 6.
  • y 0 , A, ⁇ , ⁇ 0 are the parameters to be fitted.
  • the fitting results show that the azimuth angle distribution of the real experiment is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Therefore, f( ⁇ ) is normalized so that its value range is between [0, 1], and the function h( ⁇ ) is obtained. , and use this function to construct the probability as follows:
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging method also includes: determining a system matrix based on a preset Doppler broadening correction low-energy reconstruction algorithm and a scattering correction algorithm, where the system matrix is:
  • ⁇ er , ⁇ sr and ⁇ db are the vectors between event yi and voxel v j , is a vector The angle with the vertical direction, ⁇ is the true scattering angle, ⁇ is the measured scattering angle, K( ⁇ ,E 0 ) is the Compton scattering cross section, ⁇ er is the energy resolution of the detector, and ⁇ sr is the spatial resolution of the detector rate, ⁇ db is the reconstruction angle uncertainty caused by the Doppler broadening effect, h( ⁇ i ) is the probability that event i comes from scattered photons.
  • ⁇ er , ⁇ sr and ⁇ db can be obtained by any reasonable method, such as numerical calculation method, Monte Carlo simulation method, experimental measurement method, etc.
  • CCFIRM Compton camera-based X-ray fluorescence imaging reconstruction method, Compton camera-based X-ray fluorescence spectrometer imaging reconstruction method
  • X-ray fluorescence imaging method proposed in the embodiment of the present application, X-rays are incident on the sample to be scanned, and the X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of the fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned are excited.
  • the fluorescence photons and /or scattered photons are injected into the Compton camera detector, and the first spatial coordinates and the first deposition energy of the scattering event when the fluorescence photons and scattered photons undergo Compton scattering during the movement of the Compton camera detector are obtained, and The second spatial coordinates and the second deposition energy of the absorption event occur, and the image reconstruction of the Compton camera is performed according to the first spatial coordinates, the first deposition energy, the second spatial coordinates and the second deposition energy, and a three-dimensional image of the sample to be scanned is obtained. .
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of an X-ray fluorescence imaging device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the X-ray fluorescence imaging device 10 includes: an excitation module 100 , an acquisition module 200 and an imaging module 300 .
  • the excitation module 100 is used to inject X-rays into the sample to be scanned, and excite the X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of the fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned;
  • the acquisition module 200 is used to combine the fluorescence photons and scattered photons based on the preset incident angle.
  • the imaging module 300 is configured to perform image reconstruction of the Compton camera according to the first spatial coordinates, the first deposition energy, the second spatial coordinates, and the second deposition energy, to obtain A three-dimensional image of the sample to be scanned.
  • the preset reconstruction algorithm is:
  • the system matrix is:
  • v j is the imaging space volume of voxel j
  • x,E 0 ) is the probability that event yi is related to space point x
  • x is a point in space
  • y i is the i-th event
  • E 0 is the total energy of the incident photon
  • P(x ⁇ v j ) is the probability that the spatial point x is within the volume v j of voxel j.
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging device 10 also includes: updating the system matrix based on a preset scattering correction algorithm, where the updated system matrix is:
  • the above-mentioned X-ray fluorescence imaging device 10 also includes: a low-energy reconstruction algorithm and a scattering correction algorithm based on preset Doppler broadening correction to determine a system matrix, where the system matrix is:
  • ⁇ is the vector between event yi and voxel v j , is a vector The angle with the vertical direction, ⁇ is the true scattering angle, ⁇ is the measured scattering angle, K( ⁇ ,E 0 ) is the Compton scattering cross section, ⁇ er is the energy resolution of the detector, and ⁇ sr is the spatial resolution of the detector rate, ⁇ db is the reconstruction angle uncertainty caused by the Doppler broadening effect, h( ⁇ i ) is the probability that event i comes from scattered photons.
  • X-ray fluorescence imaging device proposed in the embodiment of the present application, X-rays are incident on the sample to be scanned, and the X-ray fluorescence photons and scattered photons of the fluorescent elements in the sample to be scanned are excited.
  • the fluorescence photons and /or scattered photons are injected into the Compton camera detector, and the first spatial coordinates and the first deposition energy of the scattering event when the fluorescence photons and scattered photons undergo Compton scattering during the movement of the Compton camera detector are obtained, and The second spatial coordinates and the second deposition energy of the absorption event occur, and the image reconstruction of the Compton camera is performed according to the first spatial coordinates, the first deposition energy, the second spatial coordinates and the second deposition energy, and a three-dimensional image of the sample to be scanned is obtained. .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device may include:
  • the processor 802 executes the program, it implements the X-ray fluorescence imaging method provided in the above embodiment.
  • electronic equipment also includes:
  • Communication interface 803 is used for communication between the memory 801 and the processor 802.
  • Memory 801 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 802.
  • the memory 801 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.
  • the bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc.
  • ISA Industry Standard Architecture
  • PCI Peripheral Component
  • EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of presentation, only one thick line is used in Figure 8, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the memory 801, the processor 802 and the communication interface 803 are integrated on one chip, the memory 801, the processor 802 and the communication interface 803 can communicate with each other through the internal interface.
  • the processor 802 may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU for short), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC for short), or one or more processors configured to implement the embodiments of the present application. integrated circuit.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the above X-ray fluorescence imaging method is implemented.
  • references to the terms "one embodiment,””someembodiments,””anexample,””specificexamples,” or “some examples” or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or N embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • N means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited. Any process or method descriptions in flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent modules, segments, or portions of code that include one or more executable instructions for implementing customized logical functions or steps of the process.
  • a "computer-readable medium” may be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • Non-exhaustive list of computer readable media include the following: electrical connections with one or N wires (electronic device), portable computer disk cartridge (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), Read-only memory (ROM), erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM).
  • the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program may be printed, as the paper or other medium may be optically scanned, for example, and subsequently edited, interpreted, or otherwise suitable as necessary. process to obtain the program electronically and then store it in computer memory.
  • N steps or methods may be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system.
  • a suitable instruction execution system For example, if it is implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: discrete logic gate circuits with logic functions for implementing data signals; Logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGA), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), etc.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into one processing module, or each functional unit can be integrated into one processing module.
  • the above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function modules. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage media mentioned above can be read-only memory, magnetic disks or optical disks, etc.

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Abstract

La présente demande se rapporte à un procédé et à un appareil d'imagerie par fluorescence X, à un dispositif électronique et à un support de stockage. Le procédé consiste : à permettre l'incidence de rayons X dans un échantillon à balayer, pour exciter des photons de fluorescence X et des photons diffusés dans ledit échantillon ; à permettre l'incidence des photons de fluorescence et/ou des photons diffusés dans un détecteur de caméra Compton, et à obtenir de premières coordonnées spatiales et une première énergie déposée pendant l'apparition d'un événement de diffusion et de secondes coordonnées spatiales et une seconde énergie déposée pendant l'apparition d'un événement d'absorption lorsqu'une diffusion Compton se produit vers les photons de fluorescence et les photons diffusés dans un processus de déplacement du détecteur de caméra Compton ; et à réaliser une reconstruction d'image de caméra Compton conformément aux premières coordonnées spatiales, la première énergie déposée, les secondes coordonnées spatiales et la seconde énergie déposée pour obtenir une image tridimensionnelle dudit échantillon. Par conséquent, la présente demande résout les problèmes selon lesquels il est difficile de mettre en œuvre une reconnaissance et une imagerie de photons de fluorescence parce qu'une grande quantité de bruit et un faible rapport signal sur bruit sont provoqués par des photons diffusés générés par une excitation par rayons X, et la caméra Compton présente une faible résolution pour des photons incidents au-dessous de 100 keV.
PCT/CN2023/107540 2022-08-22 2023-07-14 Procédé et appareil d'imagerie par fluorescence x, dispositif électronique et support de stockage WO2024041265A1 (fr)

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