WO2024040481A1

WO2024040481A1 - Optical assembly, projection display medium, optical system and vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2024040481A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/114614
Authority: WO
Inventors: 童开年; 赵东峰; 周鹏程
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2022-08-24
Filing date: 2022-08-24
Publication date: 2024-02-29

Abstract

An optical assembly, a projection display medium, an optical system, and a vehicle. The optical assembly comprises a dimming layer (01), a first phase modulation layer (02), and a second phase modulation layer (03). The light transmittance of the dimming layer (01) is adjustable, and the dimming layer (01) receives ambient light and transmits the ambient light at a first light transmittance. One side of the first phase modulation layer (02) receives the ambient light transmitted by the dimming layer (01), and after being subjected to first phase modulation, the ambient light is incident to the second phase modulation layer (03) from the other side of the first phase modulation layer (02). One side of the second phase modulation layer (03) receives the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer (02), and after being subjected to second phase modulation, the ambient light is emitted from the other side of the second phase modulation layer (03). The first phase modulation compensates for the second phase modulation, or the second phase modulation compensates for the first phase modulation. The contrast of a projected image is adjusted by adjusting the light transmittance of the dimming layer (01), thereby improving the effect of projection display. The present application can be used for a transparent display system in a vehicle.

Description

Optical components, projection display media, optical systems and delivery vehicles

Technical field

This application relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to an optical component, a projection display medium, an optical system and a carrier.

Background technique

With the development of optical technology, transparent display systems have become more and more widely used. For example, they can be applied to vehicles to display images using vehicle glass as a carrier. The transparent display system includes a projection light source and a projection display medium. The projection light source emits projection light to the projection display medium, and the projection display medium reflects the projection light to achieve imaging.

Currently, projection display media can be transparent, which can not only reflect projection light but also transmit ambient light. In this way, viewers on the display side of the projection display medium can not only see the projected image formed by the projection light, but also see the environment behind the projection display medium, thereby achieving a transparent display effect. For example, in the field of vehicles, projection display can be achieved using the vehicle's glass as a carrier, such as the front windshield, side window glass, or top window glass.

However, ambient light will affect the contrast of the projected image, thereby affecting the effect of the projection display.

Contents of the invention

This application provides an optical component, a projection display medium, an optical system and a carrier. The optical component has an adjustable light transmittance. When the optical component is used in a projection display medium that transparently displays a projection image, the optical component can be adjusted by adjusting the optical component. The light transmittance adjusts the contrast of the projected image to improve the effect of the projection display.

In a first aspect, an optical component is provided, including: a light modulation layer, a first phase modulation layer and a second phase modulation layer. The light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer is adjustable. The light-adjusting layer receives ambient light and transmits the ambient light at a first light transmittance. The first light transmittance here refers to the adjusted transmittance of the light-adjusting layer. Light transmittance, after adjusting the light transmittance of the light modulating layer to the first light transmittance, the light modulating layer can transmit ambient light at the first light transmittance. One side of the first phase modulation layer receives the ambient light transmitted by the light modulation layer, and after performing first phase modulation on the received ambient light, the light is emitted from another side of the first phase modulation layer. side is incident on the second phase modulation layer; one side of the second phase modulation layer receives the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer, and performs a second phase on the received ambient light After modulation, it is emitted from the other side of the second phase modulation layer. The film layer in this application has two opposite surfaces perpendicular to its thickness direction, and one side and the other side of the film layer can be the two sides where these two surfaces are located.

Phase modulation of light (such as the above-mentioned first phase modulation and second phase modulation) can change the characteristics of light (such as propagation state, energy distribution, etc.). In the embodiment of the present application, the first phase modulation is used to compensate the second phase modulation, or the second phase modulation is used to compensate the first phase modulation. Here, one phase modulation compensates for another phase modulation, which means that one phase modulation is used to offset (or alleviate) the change of the characteristics of the light caused by the other phase modulation. According to the above content, it can be known that after the ambient light passes through the light modulation layer, it will sequentially undergo first phase modulation in the first phase modulation layer and second phase modulation in the second phase modulation layer. However, since there is a compensation relationship between the first phase modulation and the second phase modulation, the characteristics of the ambient light remain unchanged (or change slightly) after passing through the first phase modulation layer and the second phase modulation layer. In this way, the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application can not only control the transmittance of ambient light, but also have less impact on the characteristics of the transmitted ambient light. The ambient light can be regarded as being transmitted through the optical component. When the optical component is used for projection display, the viewer located on the other side of the second phase modulation layer can see the environment behind the optical component through the optical component.

Since the light transmittance of the light modulating layer is adjustable, and the light modulating layer can transmit ambient light at the first light transmittance, and the first phase modulation layer and the second phase modulation layer can transmit ambient light through the light modulating layer, The influence of the characteristics of the optical component is small. In this way, when the optical component is used to transparently display projected images, the optical component can not only transmit ambient light, but also control the transmittance of ambient light, realizing the control of the optical component. Control of light transmittance. Therefore, the amount of ambient light transmitted through the optical component can be adjusted as needed to adjust the contrast of the projected image and improve the effect of the projection display.

The optical components provided by this application may be used to transparently display projected images, or may not be used to transparently display projected images. For example, the optical component can be attached to doors and windows to adjust the transparency of doors and windows. In short, the optical component provided by the present application has an adjustable light transmittance. Therefore, the light transmittance of the optical component can be flexibly adjusted according to needs.

Furthermore, the light-adjusting layer can adjust the light transmittance in a variety of ways. In this application, the light-adjusting layer uses electronic control to adjust the light transmittance as an example. It can be understood that the light transmittance of the light-switching layer may not be adjusted by electronic control. For example, the light-switching layer may use magnetic control to adjust the light transmittance, or the light-switching layer may use mechanical control to adjust the light transmittance. , this application does not limit this.

When the light-adjusting layer uses electronic control to adjust the light transmittance, the light-adjusting layer is used to adjust the light transmittance under the control of electrical signals. For example, the light modulation layer includes: a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, and an optical layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; the optical layer is used to Changes in the loaded electrical signal adjust the light transmittance. When the electrical signal (such as voltage) loaded on the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer changes, the electric field between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer changes, and the optical layer can adjust the light transmission according to the change in the electric field. Rate.

The optical layer in the light modulation layer may be any film layer capable of adjusting light transmittance according to changes in electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. For example, the optical layer is one of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer (polymer dispersed liquid crystal, PDLC), an electrochromism (EC) layer, or a suspended particle (SP) layer. It can be understood that the optical layer 013 may not be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic layer or a suspended particle layer, which is not limited in this application.

Further, when the optical component provided by the present application is used to transparently display a projection image, the projection light source can project the projection light to the side where the second phase modulation layer of the optical component is located, so as to form a projection image on this side of the optical component. . For example, the other side of the second phase modulation layer (the side away from the light modulation layer) receives the projection light, performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, and then emits it from the other side of the second phase modulation layer. to the target area.

It can be seen that after the projection light is incident from the other side of the second phase modulation layer, it is emitted from the other side of the second phase modulation layer after undergoing third phase modulation in the second phase modulation layer. Moreover, the projection light will be emitted to the target area after emitting from the second phase modulation layer. According to the introduction of the first phase modulation layer, it can be known that phase modulation of light can change the characteristics of the light. In the embodiment of the present application, the second phase modulation layer can change the characteristics of the projection light by performing the third phase modulation of the projection light. , so that the projection light subjected to the third phase modulation is directed to the above-mentioned target area. Since the projection light is emitted to the above-mentioned target area, when the viewer is located in the target area, the viewer can see the projected image presented by the projection light, but when the viewer is located outside the target area, the viewer will not see the projected image. to the projected image presented by the projected light. It can be seen that when the optical component is used to transparently display a projected image, the optical component can achieve the effect of directional projection to the target area.

Furthermore, the second phase modulation layer can perform third phase modulation on the projection light in various ways.

In an optional implementation, the second phase modulation layer includes: a body layer, a reflection layer and a particle layer; the reflection layer and the particle layer are located in the body layer and the first phase modulation layer. between; and, the reflective layer is located between the body layer and the particle layer, or the particle layer is located between the body layer and the reflective layer; the body layer is close to the first One side of the phase modulation layer has a first zigzag structure; the body layer is light-transmitting, and the reflective layer reflects the projection light transmitted by the body layer;

The first sawtooth structure may be called a Fresnel sawtooth structure. The first sawtooth structure includes a plurality of teeth arranged in sequence. The period, corresponding distance and/or corresponding inclination angle of these teeth continuously changes along the arrangement direction of these teeth. . Parameters such as the period, corresponding distance and corresponding tilt angle of these teeth can be set according to the location of the target area and the location of the projection light source, so that the projection light can be transmitted to the target area.

The particle layer may include a plurality of particles. Under the action of the particles in the particle layer, the surface of the reflective layer is uneven, so that the reflective layer can scatter the projection light when reflecting the projection light. Since the projection light will be reflected and scattered on the reflective layer, the viewer can see the projected image at any position within the target area, and the scattering angle of the scattered projection light can also be designed to adjust the projection The size of the target area to which light is transmitted.

A side of the first phase modulation layer close to the second phase modulation layer has a second sawtooth structure matching the first sawtooth structure. In this case, it can be regarded as the first phase modulation layer 02 filling up the second phase modulation layer 03 , or the second phase modulation layer 03 filling up the first phase modulation layer 02 . The refractive index of the first phase modulation layer is the same as (or may be different from) the refractive index of the body layer. The first phase modulation layer, particle layer, reflective layer and body layer all transmit ambient light. The first phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the first phase modulation layer is related to the second sawtooth structure in the first phase modulation layer, and the second phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the second phase modulation layer is related to the first phase modulation of the body layer. Related to sawtooth structure. Since the first zigzag structure of the body layer matches the second zigzag structure of the first phase modulation layer, and the refractive index of the first phase modulation layer is the same as the refractive index of the body layer, the ambient light is modulated in the first phase The processing done on the layer can roughly cancel out the processing done by the ambient light on the body layer. Therefore, the first phase modulation of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer can compensate for the second phase modulation of the ambient light on the second phase modulation layer, or the second phase modulation can compensate for the first phase modulation.

Alternatively, the refractive index of the particle layer can also be the same as the refractive index of the bulk layer. In this case, the first phase modulation layer, the particle layer and the bulk layer all have the same refractive index. The processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer and the processing of the ambient light on the body layer and the particle layer can be roughly offset. Therefore, the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved. Similarly, the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer can also be the same as the refractive index of the body layer. In this way, the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can also be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved. When the refractive index of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer, the particle layer, the reflective layer and the body layer are all the same, the processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer is the same as the processing of the ambient light on the second phase modulation layer. The processing can roughly offset the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation (or improve the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation). It can be understood that the refractive index of the particle layer can also be different from the refractive index of the body layer, and the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer can also be different from the refractive index of the body layer, which is not limited in this application.

Optionally, when the second phase modulation layer includes: a body layer, a reflective layer and a particle layer, the performance of the reflective layer may be related to the wavelength of the projection light emitted by the projection light source. For example, the wavelength of the projection light is at least one wavelength. For the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the reflective layer reflects the light of the at least one wavelength and transmits the light except the at least one wavelength. Light of other wavelengths other than; or, the projection light is polarized light in the target polarization direction, and for the light incident from the side where the projection light source is located, the reflective layer reflects the polarized light in the target polarization direction, and transmits the light except the target polarization direction. Light other than polarized light in the target polarization direction. It can be seen that for the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the reflective layer can selectively reflect the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and transmit the light without the characteristics. In this way, the reflective layer can reflect more projection light so that more projection light is transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect without affecting the The transmission of ambient light; in addition, it can also improve the utilization of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.

In the second aspect, a projection display medium is provided. The projection display medium includes any of the optical components provided in the first aspect, and the projection display medium may further include: at least one of a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer. Both the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer may be made of transparent materials such as glass. The first transparent layer is located on a side of the light modulation layer away from the first phase modulation layer, and the second transparent layer is located on a side of the second phase modulation layer away from the first phase modulation layer. Wherein, when the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer, the first transparent layer can protect the light modulation layer; when the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer, the second transparent layer can protect the second phase The protective effect of the modulation layer.

The projection display medium including at least one layer of the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer will be described below through three examples.

Example (1): The projection display medium includes a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer. Both the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer can be made of glass. In this case, the projection display medium can be the front windshield of the vehicle. Glass, side or roof glass.

Example (2): The projection display medium includes a first transparent layer, which is the front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass of the vehicle. In this case, the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the first transparent layer, and the optical component is located outside the vehicle.

Example (3): The projection display medium includes a second transparent layer, and the second transparent layer is the front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass of the vehicle. In this case, the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the second transparent layer, and the optical component is located inside the vehicle.

Further, when the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer, the projection display medium may include a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer, or the projection display medium may not include the first transparent layer and include the second transparent layer. In this case, the projection display medium also includes: a brightness enhancement layer. The other side of the second phase modulation layer receives the projection light that sequentially passes through the brightness enhancement layer and the second transparent layer, and performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, from the The other side of the second phase modulation layer passes through the second transparent layer and the brightness enhancement layer in sequence and then exits to the target area; the second phase modulation layer performs a second phase on the received ambient light. After modulation, it is emitted from the other side of the second phase modulation layer through the second transparent layer and the brightness enhancement layer in sequence; the brightness enhancement layer and the second transparent layer affect the projection light The transmittance is greater than the transmittance of the second transparent layer to the projection light. In this way, compared with the projection display medium without the brightness enhancement layer, the projection display medium with the brightness enhancement layer provided by the present application can receive more projection light, and perform the third phase modulation on more of the projection light before transmitting it to target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect.

Optionally, when the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer and a brightness enhancement layer, the performance of the brightness enhancement layer is related to the wavelength of the projection light emitted by the projection light source. For example, the wavelength of the projection light emitted by the projection light source is at least one wavelength. For the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the brightness enhancement layer can transmit the light of the at least one wavelength and reflect the light other than the at least one wavelength. Light of other wavelengths; alternatively, the projection light emitted by the projection light source is polarized light in the target polarization direction. For light incident from the side of the projection light source, the brightness enhancement layer can transmit polarized light in the target polarization direction and reflect light in other than the target polarization direction. Light other than polarized light. It can be seen that for the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the brightness enhancement layer can selectively transmit the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and reflect the light without the characteristics. In this way, the brightness enhancement layer can transmit more projection light, so that more projection light can be transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect; in addition, It can also improve the utilization of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.

In a second aspect, an optical system is provided, including: a projection light source, and the optical component described in any design of the first aspect or the projection display medium described in any design of the second aspect. The projection light source is used to project projection light to the other side of the second phase modulation layer in the optical assembly. The projection light undergoes third phase modulation on the optical component and then is transmitted to the target area on the side where the projection light source is located, so that viewers in the target area can see the projection image.

In a third aspect, a delivery vehicle is provided, including: the optical system described in any one of the designs in the second aspect.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of ambient light when the light-modulating layer is opaque according to an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of projection light transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of another optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of another optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a first sawtooth structure in a second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another projection light transmission provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a first sawtooth structure in another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a first sawtooth structure in yet another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another second phase modulation layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a projection display medium provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another projection display medium provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another projection display medium provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system provided by an embodiment of the present application;

Figure 20 is a schematic structural diagram of another optical system provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to make the principles, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

With the rapid development of optical technology, projection display systems have been increasingly used. In particular, optical systems (also known as transparent display systems) that can simultaneously view projection display content and external scenery have gradually attracted attention. This optical system includes a projection light source and a projection display medium, wherein the projection light source can emit projection light to the projection display medium, and the projection display medium is used to reflect the projection light and transmit ambient light. Viewers on the display side of the projection display medium can not only see the projected image formed by the projected light, but also see the environment behind the projection display medium, thereby achieving a transparent display effect.

Taking a transparent display system (an optical system) installed in a vehicle as an example, optical components can be attached to the glass of the vehicle (such as the front windshield, side window glass, or top window glass, etc.) as a projection display medium. The light generated by the projection light source is imaged through optical elements and projected onto the projection display medium to display the image. The image generation method may include, for example, thin film transistor (TFT) liquid crystal screen (TFT-LCD) technology, digital light processing (digital light processing) light processing (DLP) technology and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Among them, the working principle of TFT-LCD technology is that after the LCD backlight source is illuminated, the thin film transistor integrated behind each pixel of the LCD panel drives the liquid crystal molecules to rotate to change the polarization state of the light source, thereby presenting different light and dark gray scales, and then through the red Red green blue (RGB) color filters present color images. DLP technology uses a digital micromirror device as the main optical control element to adjust the reflected light and achieve projection imaging on the uniform light sheet. MEMS technology uses a three-primary monochromatic laser with higher power as the light source. The laser is integrated and scanned by optical components and processing chips and then projected on the display screen. The transparent display system can be used to display information such as speed, navigation, rotation speed, mileage, fuel level, remaining power, warning information, prompt information, weather information, video, etc. on the optical components.

The optical component is attached to the front windshield, and the transparent display system can be used to display the information displayed on the instrument (such as speed, navigation, rotation speed, mileage, fuel level, remaining power, warning information, prompt information, etc.) through the optical component. example. In terms of safety, when the driver is driving the vehicle normally, if the vehicle is not equipped with a transparent display system, the driver's line of sight needs to switch back and forth between the road and the instrument, which can easily lead to visual fatigue and distraction; and if the vehicle is equipped with With a transparent display system, the driver's line of sight is reduced from switching back and forth between the road and the instrument, which will not easily lead to visual fatigue and distraction. Moreover, the driver needs to lower his head 20 to 25 degrees to view the instrument, while the driver only needs to lower his head 5 to 10 degrees to view the information displayed on the front windshield. Therefore, the transparent display system allows the driver to avoid looking away from the road. Move up to get driving information.

However, in the case of transparent display, both ambient light and projection light will enter the human eye, so that the ambient light will affect the contrast of the projected image, thereby affecting the effect of the projection display. Embodiments of the present application provide an optical component whose transmittance to ambient light is adjustable, so that the amount of ambient light entering the human eye can be adjusted as needed to adjust the contrast of the projected image and improve the projection display. Effect.

For example, FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical component provided by an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 1 shows the cross-sectional structure of the optical component. As shown in FIG. 1 , the optical component includes: a light modulation layer 01 , a first phase modulation layer 02 and a second phase modulation layer 03 . These three film layers will be introduced separately below.

(1) The light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 is adjustable (also called haze adjustable). The light modulation layer 01 receives ambient light and transmits the ambient light at a first light transmittance. The first light transmittance here refers to the adjusted light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01. After the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is adjusted to the first light transmittance, the light modulating layer 01 can be in the first light transmittance state. Transmits ambient light at the light rate.

Since the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 is adjustable, the first light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer may not be a fixed light transmittance. The light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 may be adjusted to the required first light transmittance as needed. Transmittance. For example, when the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is required to be 100%, the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 can be adjusted to 100%. In this case, the first light transmittance is 100%. When the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is required to be 50%, the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 can be adjusted to 50%. In this case, the first light transmittance is 50%. When the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is required to be 0%, the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 can be adjusted to 0%, in which case the first light transmittance is 0%.

(2) One side of the first phase modulation layer 02 receives the ambient light transmitted by the light modulation layer 01, and after performing the first phase modulation on the received ambient light, it is incident on the third phase from the other side of the first phase modulation layer 02. Two phase modulation layer 03. For example, one side of the first phase modulation layer 02 is close to the light modulation layer 01, and the other side of the first phase modulation layer 02 is away from the light modulation layer 01; the ambient light emitted from the light modulation layer 01 will enter the first phase modulation layer 01. One side of the layer 02, and after undergoing the first phase modulation in the first phase modulation layer 02, it is emitted from the other side of the first phase modulation layer 02 to the second phase modulation layer 03.

The film layer in the embodiment of the present application has two opposite surfaces perpendicular to its thickness direction. One side and the other side of the film layer may be the two sides where the two surfaces are located. For example, as shown in Figure 2, the first phase modulation layer 02 has a surface 021 and a surface 022 perpendicular to its thickness direction The other side of the first phase modulation layer 02.

(3) One side of the second phase modulation layer 03 receives the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer 02, and after performing the second phase modulation on the received ambient light, from the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 Shoot out. For example, one side of the second phase modulation layer 03 is close to the first phase modulation layer 02, and the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 is away from the first phase modulation layer 02; the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer 02 It will enter one side of the second phase modulation layer 03, and after undergoing the second phase modulation in the second phase modulation layer 03, it will emit from the second phase modulation layer 03 from the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03.

According to the introduction of the first phase modulation layer 02, it can be known that one side and the other side of the film layer may be two opposite sides of the film layer that are perpendicular to the thickness direction thereof. As shown in Figure 2, the second phase modulation layer 03 has a surface 031 and a surface 032 perpendicular to its thickness direction The other side of the phase modulation layer 03.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first phase modulation is used to compensate the second phase modulation, or the second phase modulation is used to compensate the first phase modulation. Therefore, one of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 can be called a phase compensation layer, and the other is called a phase modulation layer. For example, the first phase modulation layer 02 is called a phase compensation layer, and the second phase modulation layer 03 is called a phase compensation layer. Layer 03 is called the phase modulation layer. Here, one phase modulation compensates for another phase modulation, which means that one phase modulation is used to offset (or alleviate) the change of the characteristics of the light caused by the other phase modulation. According to the above content, it can be known that after the ambient light passes through the light modulation layer 01 , it will sequentially undergo first phase modulation in the first phase modulation layer 02 and second phase modulation in the second phase modulation layer 03 . However, since there is a compensation relationship between the first phase modulation and the second phase modulation, the characteristics of the ambient light remain unchanged (or change slightly) after passing through the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 . In this way, the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application can not only control the transmittance of ambient light, but also have less impact on the characteristics of the transmitted ambient light. As shown in Figure 1, ambient light can be seen as being transmitted through the optical component. When the optical component is used for projection display, the viewer on the other side of the second phase modulation layer can see the optical component through the optical component. the subsequent environment.

Phase modulation of light (such as the above-mentioned first phase modulation and second phase modulation) can change the characteristics of light (such as propagation state, energy distribution, etc.). The phase modulation function of the structure used to phase modulate light in the embodiment of the present application (such as the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 mentioned above) can be related to the geometric shape of the structure and/or each area in the structure. related to the refractive index. By designing the geometry of the structure and/or the refractive index of each area in the structure, the structure's phase modulation function of light is achieved. For example, the surfaces of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 that are close to each other are set as zigzag surfaces that match each other, so that the light passes through mutually compensated phases in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 Modulation; for another example, the surfaces of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 that are close to each other are set as the surfaces of relief gratings that match each other, so that the light in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 Phase modulation after mutual compensation; for another example, by designing the refractive index of each area in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03, the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 form functional compensation for each other. grating, thereby causing the light to undergo mutually compensated phase modulation in the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 .

Adjacent layers in the optical component provided by the present application may be in contact with each other, or there may be other layers between the adjacent layers (not shown in the drawings). For example, there may be other layers between the light modulation layer 01 and the first phase modulation layer 02 (such as a transparent layer used to support the light modulation layer 01 and the first phase modulation layer 02). The contacting film layers in the optical component can be bonded together using methods such as gluing or electrostatic adhesion, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

To sum up, the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a light modulation layer, a first phase modulation layer and a second phase modulation layer. Wherein, the light transmittance of the light modulating layer is adjustable, and the light modulating layer can transmit ambient light at a first light transmittance, and the first phase modulation layer and the second phase modulation layer can transmit ambient light through the light modulating layer. The characteristics of light have less influence. In this way, when the optical component is used to transparently display projected images, the optical component can not only transmit ambient light, but also control the transmittance of ambient light, realizing the control of the optical component. Control of light transmittance. Therefore, the amount of ambient light transmitted through the optical component can be adjusted as needed to adjust the contrast of the projected image and improve the effect of the projection display.

For example, when the projected image needs to have a higher contrast, the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer can be adjusted to be lower, thereby reducing the ambient light transmitted through the optical components. At this time, the ambient light has less impact on the projection light, and the projection The image display effect is better. When the projected image needs to have a lower contrast, the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer can be adjusted to be higher, thereby increasing the ambient light transmitted through the optical components. At this time, the transparency of the optical components is higher, and the transparent display effect is better. .

The optical components provided by the embodiments of the present application may be used to transparently display projection images, or may not be used to transparently display projection images. For example, the optical component can be attached to doors and windows to adjust the transparency of doors and windows. Optical components can also be used in other scenarios, and the embodiments of this application will not list them one by one here. In short, the light transmittance of the optical component provided by the embodiments of the present application is adjustable. Therefore, the light transmittance of the optical component can be flexibly adjusted as needed.

Furthermore, the light-adjusting layer 01 can adjust the light transmittance in a variety of ways. In the embodiment of this application, the light-adjusting layer 01 adjusts the light transmittance in an electronically controlled manner as an example. It can be understood that the light transmittance of the light-adjusting layer 01 may not be adjusted by electronic control. For example, the light-adjusting layer 01 may be adjusted by magnetic control, or the light-adjusting layer 01 may be adjusted by mechanical control. The light transmittance is not limited in the embodiments of this application.

When the light-adjusting layer 01 adopts electronic control to adjust the light transmittance, the light-adjusting layer 01 is used to adjust the light transmittance under the control of electrical signals. For example, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light modulation layer 01 provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, the light modulation layer 01 includes: a first electrode layer 011 and a second electrode layer 012, and a The optical layer 013 between the electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012; the material of the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 can be a transparent conductive material, such as indium tin oxide. The optical layer 013 is used to adjust the light transmittance based on changes in electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 . When the electrical signal (such as voltage) loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 changes, the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 changes, and the optical layer 013 can respond to the electric field. Change to adjust the light transmittance.

For example, when no electrical signal is loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012, there is no electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012. At this time, the light transmittance of the optical layer 013 is 0%, the light transmittance of the light modulation layer 01 is 0%. As shown in Figure 4, ambient light cannot pass through the light modulation layer 01. When electrical signals are respectively loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 to form a certain electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012, the light transmittance of the optical layer 013 is approximately 100%. , the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 is about 100%. At this time, the light modulating layer 01 is almost completely transparent. As shown in Figure 1, ambient light can pass through the light modulating layer 01. It can be understood that this is an example of adjusting the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01 shown in FIG. 3. When adjusting the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01, you can choose whether to add light to the first electrode layer 011 and the first electrode layer 011 as needed. The second electrode layer 012 loads an electrical signal, and the magnitude of the electrical signal that needs to be loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 realizes the adjustment of the light transmittance of the light modulation layer 01 .

Please continue to refer to FIG. 3 . The optical layer 013 in the light modulating layer 01 can be any film layer that can adjust the light transmittance according to changes in the electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 . For example, the optical layer 013 is one of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic layer or a suspended particle layer. Wherein, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer includes a plurality of liquid crystals, and the liquid crystals can be deflected under the action of the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 to change the light transmittance of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. The electrochromic layer can change color under the action of the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012, thereby changing the light transmittance of the electrochromic layer. The suspended particle layer includes a plurality of suspended particles, similar to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. The suspended particles in the suspended particle layer can be deflected under the action of the electric field between the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012 to change the properties of the suspended particle layer. Transmittance. It can be understood that the optical layer 013 may not be a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic layer or a suspended particle layer, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

Further, when the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application is used to transparently display a projection image, the projection light source can project the projection light to the side where the second phase modulation layer of the optical component is located, so as to form a projection light on this side of the optical component. Project image. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 (the side away from the light modulation layer 01 ) receives the projection light, and performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, and then modulates the projection light from the second phase modulation layer 03 . The other side of the phase modulation layer 03 exits to the target area Q.

It can be seen that after the projection light is incident from the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03, it is emitted from the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 to the target area after undergoing the third phase modulation in the second phase modulation layer 03. Q. According to the introduction of the first phase modulation layer 02, it can be known that phase modulation of light can change the characteristics of the light. In the embodiment of the present application, the second phase modulation layer 03 can change the projection light by performing the third phase modulation of the projection light. characteristics, so that the projection light subjected to the third phase modulation is emitted to the above-mentioned target area Q.

Since the projection light is emitted to the above-mentioned target area, when the viewer is located in the target area, the viewer can see the projected image presented by the projection light, but when the viewer is located outside the target area, the viewer will not see the projected image. to the projected image presented by the projected light. It can be seen that when the optical component is used to transparently display a projected image, the optical component can achieve the effect of directional projection to the target area. It is assumed that the viewer in the passenger seat of the vehicle is located in the target area, and the viewer in the driver's seat of the vehicle is located outside the target area. The optical component can transmit the projected light to the target area so that the viewer in the passenger seat can see the projected image, while the viewer in the main driver's seat will not see the projected image, thereby reducing the impact of the projected image on the main driver's seat. Viewer Impact.

For example, as shown in Figure 6, the optical component is attached to the front windshield of the vehicle, and the projection light emitted by the projection light source is emitted to the target area where the passenger seat is located through the optical component. At this time, the viewer in the passenger seat can see the projected image presented by the projection light, and because the ambient light can pass through the optical component, the viewer in the passenger seat can also see the environment behind the front windshield. The viewer in the main driver's seat cannot see the projected image presented by the projection light, so the display of the projected image has less impact on the viewer in the main driver's seat. Similarly, the projection light emitted by the projection light source can be emitted to the target area where the main driver's seat is located through the optical component, so as to facilitate the driver in the main driver's seat to understand driving information in a timely manner, reduce sight shifts, and improve driving safety.

As another example, as shown in Figure 7, based on Figure 6, the target area includes the area where the passenger seat and rear seats of the vehicle are located, and the main driver's seat is outside the target area. At this time, viewers in the passenger seat and rear seats can see the projected image presented by the projected light, and because ambient light can pass through the optical components, these viewers can also see the environment behind the front windshield. . The viewer in the main driver's seat cannot see the projected image presented by the projection light, so the display of the projected image has less impact on the viewer in the main driver's seat.

As another example, as shown in FIG. 8 , the optical component is attached to the side window glass of the vehicle, and the projection light emitted by the projection light source is emitted through the optical component to the target area where the rear seats are located. At this time, viewers in the back seats can see the projected image presented by the projection light, and since ambient light can pass through the optical components, viewers in the back seats can also see the environment behind the side window glass. Neither the viewers in the main driver's seat nor the passenger's seat can see the projected image presented by the projection light, and the display of the projected image has less impact on the viewer in the main driver's seat.

In the embodiment of the present application, the target area is an example of a partial area on the side of the second phase modulation layer 03 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 . It can be understood that the target area can also be a part of the second phase modulation layer 03 away from the first phase. For all areas on one side of the modulation layer 02, the size and position of the target area are not limited in this embodiment.

In an optional implementation, the second phase modulation layer can use a special geometric shape (such as the first sawtooth structure described below) to perform third phase modulation on the projection light by reflecting and scattering the projection light.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the second phase modulation layer 03 includes: a body layer 031 , a reflective layer 032 and a particle layer 033 . The reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 are located between the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02; and the reflective layer 032 is located between the body layer 031 and the particle layer 033. The particle layer 033 may include multiple particles (which may be called scattering particles). The embodiments of the present application do not limit the size and number of these particles. In order to facilitate the illustration of these particles in Figure 9, the sizes of these particles are drawn larger; The size of these particles is actually small. When the size of these particles is small to a certain extent, the second phase modulation layer shown in Figure 9 can be as shown in Figure 10. It can be seen that when the size of the particles in the particle layer 033 is small, the particle layer 033 and the reflective layer 032 can be similar. In Figure 10, only the superimposed reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 are shown, and the reflective layer 032 is not shown separately. and particle layer 033. That is, the reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 can be understood as reflective layers. The surface of the reflective layer is microscopically rough or uneven, so that the reflective layer can scatter the projection light when reflecting the projection light.

Please refer to Figure 9 or Figure 10. The side of the body layer 031 close to the first phase modulation layer 02 has a first sawtooth structure 0311. The main body layer 031 transmits light, and the reflective layer 032 reflects the projection light transmitted by the main body layer 031 . After the projection light is directed to the side of the body layer 031 away from the reflection layer 032, the projection light will pass through the body layer 031 and then reach the reflection layer 032; the reflection layer 032 will reflect the projection light to the body layer 031; the projection light will be transmitted again After passing through the body layer 031, it can be shot toward the target area from the side of the body layer 031 away from the reflective layer 032.

In this optional implementation, the first sawtooth structure 0311 may be called a Fresnel sawtooth structure. As shown in FIG. 9 or 10 , the first sawtooth structure 0311 includes a plurality of teeth A arranged in sequence. The period, corresponding distance and/or corresponding inclination angle of A continuously changes along the arrangement direction of these teeth A. Taking the body layer 031 shown in Figure 10 as an example, please refer to Figure 11. The period Z1 of tooth A refers to: the maximum length of tooth A in the arrangement direction Y; the corresponding distance Z2 of tooth A refers to: The distance between the center and the surface of the body layer 031 away from the first phase modulation layer 02; the tooth A has two surfaces arranged sequentially along the arrangement direction, and the corresponding inclination angle Z3 of the tooth A refers to: the two surfaces of the tooth A The angle between any one of the two surfaces and the arrangement direction. In Figure 11, the upper surface B2 of the two surfaces is taken as an example. Parameters such as the period Z1, the corresponding distance Z2, and the corresponding tilt angle Z3 of these teeth A can be set according to the location of the target area Q and the location of the projection light source, so that the projection light can be transmitted to the target area.

For example, please refer to Figure 11, assuming that the projection light source is located in the lower area on the left side of the optical assembly, and the target area is located in the middle area on the left side of the optical assembly. Each tooth A in the above-mentioned first sawtooth structure 0311 has two surfaces, respectively. It is a first surface B1 close to the projection light source, and a second surface B2 far away from the projection light source. The inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the tooth A refers to the angle between the second surface B2 of the tooth A and the arrangement direction Y of the plurality of teeth A. Then the inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the teeth A in the first sawtooth structure 0311 that is close to the projection light source can be smaller, and the inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the teeth A in the first sawtooth structure 0311 that is far away from the projection light source can be larger. In this way, as shown in FIG. 12 , the projection light emitted by the projection light source can be transmitted to the target area Q after being reflected by the reflective layer 032 .

Optionally, the first sawtooth structure 0311 in the body layer 031 can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the first sawtooth structure 0311 can be as shown in Figure 13 or Figure 14 . Among them, the period Z1 of the plurality of teeth A in the first sawtooth structure 0311 shown in Figure 13 is the same, but the distance Z2 and the inclination angle Z3 corresponding to the teeth A change along the arrangement direction. In the first sawtooth structure 0311 shown in Figure 14, the distance Z2 corresponding to the plurality of teeth A is the same, but the period Z1 of the teeth A and the corresponding inclination angle Z3 change along the arrangement direction.

In addition, in this optional implementation, please continue to refer to FIG. 9 , there is also a particle layer 033 between the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02 . The particle layer 033 may include a plurality of particles 0331. Under the action of the particles 0331 in the particle layer 033, the surface of the reflective layer 032 is uneven, so that the reflective layer 032 can scatter the projection light when reflecting the projection light. As shown in Figure 12, after a beam of projection light is reflected and scattered on the reflective layer 032, it will form multiple beams of projection light transmitted to the target area Q. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the scattering angle of the scattered projection light. Since the projection light will be reflected and scattered on the reflective layer 032, the viewer can see the projected image at various positions within the target area, and the scattering angle of the scattered projection light can also be designed to adjust The size of the target area to which the projected light is transmitted. For example, if the scattering angle of the scattered projection light in Figure 6 is increased, the target area can be increased from the area where the passenger seat is in Figure 6 to the passenger seat and rear seats in Figure 7 your region.

Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the particles 0331 in the particle layer 033 can be located on a surface in the first zigzag structure 0311 that can receive the projected light (the second surface B2 in FIG. 11 ) and the first phase modulation layer 02 or, the particles 0331 in the particle layer 033 may also be located between each surface of the first zigzag structure 0311 and the first phase modulation layer 02 .

Please continue to refer to the aforementioned Figure 9 or the aforementioned Figure 10. In this optional implementation, the side of the second phase modulation layer 03 close to the first phase modulation layer 02 has a second sawtooth structure (not marked in the figure), The first zigzag structure of the body layer 031 matches the second zigzag structure of the first phase modulation layer 02 . In this case, it can be regarded as the first phase modulation layer 02 filling up the second phase modulation layer 03 , or the second phase modulation layer 03 filling up the first phase modulation layer 02 . The refractive index of the first phase modulation layer 02 is the same as (or may be different from) the refractive index of the body layer 031. For example, the materials of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the body layer 031 can both be polyethylene terephthalate ( polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

The first phase modulation layer 02, the particle layer 033, the reflective layer 032 and the body layer 031 all transmit ambient light. The first phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the first phase modulation layer 02 is related to the second zigzag structure in the first phase modulation layer 02 , and the second phase modulation that the ambient light passes through in the second phase modulation layer 03 is related to the body layer. The first sawtooth structure of 031 is related. Since the first zigzag structure of the body layer 031 matches the second zigzag structure of the first phase modulation layer 02, and the refractive index of the first phase modulation layer 02 is the same as the refractive index of the body layer 031, the ambient light in the first phase The processing performed on the modulation layer 02 and the processing performed by the ambient light on the body layer 031 can approximately cancel each other. Therefore, the first phase modulation of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer 02 can compensate for the second phase modulation of the ambient light on the second phase modulation layer 03 , or the second phase modulation can compensate for the first phase modulation.

Alternatively, the refractive index of the particle layer 033 can also be the same as the refractive index of the body layer 031. In this case, the first phase modulation layer 02, the particle layer 033 and the body layer 031 all have the same refractive index. The processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer 02 and the processing of the ambient light on the body layer 031 and the particle layer 033 can be substantially offset. Therefore, the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved.

Similarly, the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer 032 may also be the same as the refractive index of the body layer 031 . In this way, the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation can also be improved, or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation can be improved.

When the refractive index of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer 02, the particle layer 033, the reflective layer 032 and the body layer 031 are all the same, the processing of the ambient light on the first phase modulation layer 02 is the same as that of the ambient light in the second phase. The processing on the modulation layer 03 can be roughly offset, and the compensation effect of the first phase modulation on the second phase modulation (or the compensation effect of the second phase modulation on the first phase modulation) is better.

It can be understood that the refractive index of the particle layer 033 may also be different from the refractive index of the body layer 031, and the refractive index of ambient light on the reflective layer 032 may also be different from the refractive index of the body layer 031. This is not the case in the embodiment of the present application. limited.

In addition, the surface of the first phase modulation layer 02 away from the second phase modulation layer 03 and the surface of the body layer 031 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 can both be plane.

In the optical components shown in Figures 9 and 10, the reflective layer 032 is located between the body layer 031 and the particle layer 033 as an example. Alternatively, the particle layer 033 can also be located between the body layer 031 and the reflective layer 032, such as , based on the optical component shown in Figure 9, as shown in Figure 15, the particle layer 033 is located between the body layer 031 and the reflective layer 032. It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present application, the reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 are located between the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02 , but the embodiment of the present application does not limit the arrangement order of the reflective layer 032 and the particle layer 033 .

There is a particle layer 033 between the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02 . Under the action of multiple particles 0331 in the particle layer 033, the surface of the body layer 031 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven (as shown in FIG. 9), or the surface of the first phase modulation layer 02 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven. (As shown in FIG. 15 ), or the surfaces of the body layer 031 and the first phase modulation layer 02 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven (not shown in the drawings), which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

Optionally, on the one hand, when the surface of the body layer 031 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven, if it is necessary to manufacture the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 in the optical assembly shown in FIG. 9, then First, the first phase modulation layer 02 is provided; then, the particle layer 033 is formed on the second zigzag structure surface of the first phase modulation layer 02 by coating, evaporation, etc.; after the particle layer 033 is formed, the particle layer 033 can be The above-mentioned reflective layer 032 is formed by coating or evaporation. Finally, a soft film layer is covered on the reflective layer 032 to form the body layer 031 . On the other hand, when the surface of the first phase modulation layer 02 close to the particle layer 033 may be uneven, if it is necessary to manufacture the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 in the optical component shown in FIG. 15, then First, the body layer 031 in the second phase modulation layer 03 is provided; then, the particle layer 033 is formed on the first zigzag structure surface of the body layer 031 by coating, evaporation, etc.; after the particle layer 033 is formed, the particle layer can be The above-mentioned reflective layer 032 is formed on the reflective layer 033 by coating or evaporation. Finally, a soft film layer is covered on the reflective layer 032 to form the first phase modulation layer 02 . It can be understood that these two manufacturing methods are only used as examples here, and the manufacturing methods of the first phase modulation layer 02 and the second phase modulation layer 03 of the optical component are not limited to these two manufacturing methods.

Further, according to the above content, it can be known that the reflective layer 032 is used to reflect projection light and transmit ambient light. Optionally, for the light incident from the side where the projection light source is located, the reflective layer 032 can selectively reflect the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and transmit the light without the characteristics. For example, the reflectivity of the reflective layer 032 for light with this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the reflectivity is about 100%. The transmittance of the reflective layer 032 to light that does not have this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the transmittance is about 100%. In this way, the reflective layer 032 can reflect more projection light, so that more projection light can be transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect without affecting the performance of the projection light. Affects the transmission of ambient light; in addition, it can improve the utilization of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.

For example, the wavelength of the projection light is at least one wavelength. For the light incident from the side where the projection light source is located, the reflective layer 032 reflects the light of the at least one wavelength and transmits the light of other wavelengths except the at least one wavelength. , in this case, the reflective layer can also be called a bandpass reflective layer. For example, the projection light is a laser, and the wavelength of the projection light includes: the wavelength of the red light band, the wavelength of the green light band, and the wavelength of the blue light band. For the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the reflective layer 032 can reflect the red light band. light, green light band and blue light band, and transmits light in other wave bands except red light band, green light band and blue light band.

As another example, the projection light is polarized light in the target polarization direction. For light incident from the side of the projection light source, the reflective layer 032 reflects the polarized light in the target polarization direction and transmits light other than the polarized light in the target polarization direction. This is In this case, the reflective layer can also be called a polarizing layer. For example, if the projection light is a laser with a certain polarization direction, then for the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the reflective layer 032 can reflect the light with the polarization direction and transmit the light without the polarization direction. Here, the projection light includes light with one polarization direction as an example. The projection light may also include light with multiple polarization directions, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

In the above embodiment, the second phase modulation layer 03 includes a body layer 031, a reflection layer 032 and a particle layer 033, and the second phase modulation layer 03 reflects and scatters the projection light using the geometric shape as shown in Figure 9. Take the third phase modulation of the projected light as an example. Optionally, the second phase modulation layer 03 may also be implemented in other ways. For example, the second phase modulation layer 03 can be a spatial light phase modulator (also called CGH) based on a digital hologram (computer generated hologram, CGH), a holographic optical element (holographic optical element, HOE) (such as a holographic grating) or Surface relief grating, etc. The second phase modulation layer 03 can realize the functions of the above-mentioned second phase modulation layer based on the principle of diffraction (such as second phase modulation of ambient light and third phase modulation of projection light). According to the function of the above-mentioned second phase modulation layer, the diffraction ability of any device among the digital hologram-based spatial light phase modulator, holographic optical element and surface relief grating can be designed, so that the device can use its diffraction ability to The ambient light is subjected to a second phase modulation, and the projection light is subjected to a third phase modulation.

Based on the optical component provided by the embodiment of the present application, the embodiment of the present application also provides a projection display medium. The projection display medium may include: any optical component provided by the embodiments of the present application, and at least one of a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer. Both the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer may be made of transparent materials such as glass.

For example, as shown in FIG. 16 , in addition to the optical components shown in FIG. 1 , the projection display medium also includes: a first transparent layer 04 and a second transparent layer 05 . The first transparent layer 04 is located on the side of the light modulation layer 01 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 , and the second transparent layer 05 is located on the side of the second phase modulation layer 03 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 . FIG. 16 takes the projection display medium including the first transparent layer 04 and the second transparent layer 05 as an example. The projection display medium may also include the first transparent layer 04 or the second transparent layer 05 . Wherein, when the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer, the first transparent layer can protect the light modulation layer; when the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer, the second transparent layer can protect the second phase The protective effect of the modulation layer.

Example (1): Please continue to refer to Figure 16. The projection display medium includes a first transparent layer 04 and a second transparent layer 05. Both the first transparent layer 04 and the second transparent layer 05 can be made of glass. In this case, The projection display medium can be the vehicle's front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass. The front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle includes two layers of glass (a first transparent layer 04 and a second transparent layer 05), and the optical components are carried between the two layers of glass.

Example (2): As shown in Figure 17, the projection display medium includes a first transparent layer 04, which is the front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle. In this case, the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the first transparent layer (the optical component is carried on the first transparent layer), and the optical component is located outside the vehicle.

Example (3): As shown in Figure 18, the projection display medium includes a second transparent layer 05, which is the front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle. In this case, the optical component can be attached (such as attached or electrostatically adsorbed) on the second transparent layer (the optical component is carried on the second transparent layer), and the optical component is located inside the vehicle.

Further, when the projection display medium includes the second transparent layer 05, as shown in FIG. 16, the projection display medium may include the first transparent layer 04 and the second transparent layer 05, or, as shown in FIG. 18, the projection display medium may The first transparent layer 04 is not included and the second transparent layer 05 is included. When the projection display medium includes the second transparent layer 05, as shown in FIG. 16 or FIG. 18, the projection display medium further includes: a brightness enhancement layer 06.

The brightness enhancement layer 06 may be located on a side of the second transparent layer 05 away from the first phase modulation layer 02 . The projected light may reach the second phase modulation layer 03 through the brightness enhancement layer 06 and the second transparent layer 05 in sequence. Both the projection light and the ambient light can be emitted from the second phase modulation layer 03 through the second transparent layer 05 and the brightness enhancement layer 06 in sequence. For example, the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 receives the projection light that passes through the brightness enhancement layer 06 and the second transparent layer 05 in sequence, and performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, and then modulates the projection light from the second phase modulation layer 03 . The other side of layer 03 passes through the second transparent layer 05 and the brightness enhancement layer 06 in sequence and then exits to the target area; after the second phase modulation layer 03 performs the second phase modulation on the received ambient light, the light from the second phase modulation layer The other side passes through the second transparent layer 05 and the brightness enhancement layer 06 in sequence and then emerges.

The transmittance of the brightness enhancement layer 06 and the second transparent layer 05 to the projection light is greater than the transmittance of the second transparent layer 05 to the projection light. In this way, compared with the projection display medium without the brightness enhancement layer 06 , the projection display medium with the brightness enhancement layer 06 provided by the embodiment of the present application can receive more projection light and transfer more of the projection light to the third phase. After modulation, it is transmitted to the target area, which can increase the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improve the projection display effect. In addition, it can also improve the utilization of the projection light, achieving energy saving and reducing power consumption.

Optionally, for the light incident from the side where the projection light source is located, the brightness enhancement layer 06 can selectively transmit the light with the characteristics according to the characteristics of the projection light, and reflect the light without the characteristics. For example, the transmittance of the brightness-enhancing layer 06 to light with this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the transmittance is about 100%. The reflectivity of the brightness enhancement layer 06 to light that does not have this characteristic is greater than 85%, for example, the reflectivity is about 100%. In this way, the brightness enhancement layer 06 can transmit more projection light, so that more projection light can be transmitted to the target area, thereby improving the brightness of the projection light seen by the viewer and improving the projection display effect; in addition, , and can also improve the utilization rate of projection light, achieve energy saving and reduce power consumption.

For example, the wavelength of the projection light is at least one wavelength. For the light incident from the side where the projection light source is located, the brightness enhancement layer 06 transmits the light of the at least one wavelength and reflects the light of other wavelengths except the at least one wavelength. Light. For example, the projection light is a laser, and the wavelengths of the projection light are: the wavelength of the red light band, the wavelength of the green light band, and the wavelength of the blue light band. For the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the brightness enhancement layer 06 can transmit the red light band. light, green light band and blue light band, and reflect light in other wave bands except red light band, green light band and blue light band.

As another example, the projection light is polarized light in the target polarization direction. For light incident from the side where the projection light source is located, the brightness enhancement layer 06 transmits the polarized light in the target polarization direction and reflects light other than the polarized light in the target polarization direction. For example, if the projection light is a laser with a certain polarization direction, then for the light incident from the side of the projection light source, the brightness enhancement layer 06 can transmit the light with the polarization direction and reflect the light without the polarization direction. Here, the projection light includes light with one polarization direction as an example. The projection light may also include light with multiple polarization directions, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

Furthermore, embodiments of the present application also provide an optical system. The optical system may be a projection system (such as the aforementioned transparent display system). The optical system includes: a projection light source, and any optical component or projection display medium provided in the embodiments of the present application (the projection display medium includes an optical component). The projection light may be a laser or not a laser. For example, the projection light may be light emitted by a light-emitting diode (LED).

Take the optical system including projection light source and optical components as an example. As shown in Figure 19, the optical system includes: a projection light source 20, and any optical component 10 provided in the previous embodiments (the optical component shown in Figure 1 is taken as an example in Figure 19). The projection light source 20 is used to project light to the optical system. The other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 in the assembly 10 projects projection light. The projection light undergoes third phase modulation on the optical component 10 and then is transmitted to the target area on the side where the projection light source 20 is located, so that viewers in the target area can see the projection image.

Take the optical system including projection light source and projection display medium as an example. As shown in FIG. 20 , the optical system includes: a projection light source 20 and a projection display medium. In FIG. 20 , the projection display medium shown in FIG. 16 is taken as an example. The projection display medium includes an optical component 10, and a projection light source 20 is used to project projection light to the other side of the second phase modulation layer 03 in the optical component 10. In this case, the projection light source 20 projects projection light onto the front windshield, side window glass or roof window glass of the vehicle to form a projection image in a target area within the vehicle. When the projection light source 20 projects projection light onto the front windshield of the vehicle, the target area may be the area where the passenger seat is located, or the area where the rear seats are located. When the projection light source 20 projects projection light onto the side window glass of the vehicle, the target area may be the area where the rear seats are located. It can be understood that the projection display medium in the optical system can also be as shown in Figure 17 or Figure 18, and the embodiments of the present application will not be described again here.

Furthermore, the optical system provided by the embodiments of the present application may also include a controller (not shown in the drawings). The controller may be connected to the light-modulating layer in the optical component and used to control the light-modulating layer to adjust the light transmittance. For example, please refer to the aforementioned Figure 3. When the light modulation layer 01 includes a first electrode layer 011, a second electrode layer 012 and an optical layer 013, the controller can be electrically connected to the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012. The controller can adjust the light transmittance of the optical layer 013 by changing the electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer 011 and the second electrode layer 012, thereby adjusting the light transmittance of the light modulating layer 01.

The controller can control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions, or can automatically control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance. This is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

For example, when the controller controls the dimming layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions, the controller is used to receive a dimming instruction (an instruction triggered by the user), and the dimming instruction is used to indicate a target transmittance among multiple light transmittances. The light transmittance; the controller is also used to control the light transmittance layer to adjust the light transmittance to the target light transmittance according to the dimming instruction. In this case, the user can select a target light transmittance among multiple light transmittances on the interactive component to trigger the above dimming instruction. The interactive component may belong to the controller, or may be a component independent of the controller and electrically connected to the controller. The interactive component may be a touch screen (such as a central control screen of a vehicle), or a button (such as a rotary button).

As another example, when the controller automatically controls the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance, the controller is used to control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the brightness of the ambient light. For example, when the brightness of the ambient light is greater than the brightness threshold, the controller can control the dimming layer to reduce the light transmittance; when the brightness of the ambient light is less than the brightness threshold, the controller can control the dimming layer to increase the light transmittance. In this way, the impact of ambient light on the display effect of the optical system can be reduced and the effect of the projection display can be improved.

It can be understood that the controller can also control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions, and also automatically control the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance. For example, the controller can receive a mode setting instruction, which is used to indicate the manual mode or automatic mode of the controller. When the mode setting instruction is used to indicate manual mode, the controller controls the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance according to the user's instructions; when the mode setting instruction is used to indicate automatic mode, the controller automatically controls the light-adjusting layer to adjust the light transmittance. .

In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the optical system is a projection system, and the projection system includes a projection light source, an optical component (or a projection display medium), and a controller. The optical system may not be a projection system, and the optical system may not include a projection light source. For example, the optical system may include an optical component (or a projection display medium) and a controller, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

Based on any optical system provided in the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application also provide a terminal device including the optical system.

Alternatively, the terminal device may be a vehicle. Vehicles in this application may include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or entertainment equipment, etc. For example, the carrier can be a vehicle, which is a vehicle in a broad sense, and can be a means of transportation (such as a commercial vehicle, a passenger car, a motorcycle, an aircraft, a train, etc.), an industrial vehicle (such as a forklift, a trailer, a tractor, etc.) etc.), engineering vehicles (such as excavators, bulldozers, cranes, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as lawn mowers, harvesters, etc.), amusement equipment, toy vehicles, etc. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the types of vehicles. For another example, the vehicle may be an airplane, a ship, a submarine, or other means of transportation.

Alternatively, the terminal device may also be a display device, such as a home projection TV, a projection display device for commercial presentations, etc.

In this application, "at least one" refers to one or more, "multiple" refers to two or more than two, and "plurality" refers to two or more. The terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. "And/or" is just an association relationship that describes related objects. It means that there can be three relationships. For example, A and/or B can mean: A alone exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and B alone exists. situation. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the related objects are an "or" relationship.

In the drawings, the dimensions of some or all of the layers, or the dimensions of some or all of the regions, may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration.

The above are only optional embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection of the present application. within the range.

Claims

An optical component, characterized by comprising: a light modulation layer, a first phase modulation layer and a second phase modulation layer;

The light transmittance of the light modulating layer is adjustable, the light modulating layer receives ambient light, and transmits the ambient light at a first light transmittance;

One side of the first phase modulation layer receives the ambient light transmitted by the light modulation layer, and after performing first phase modulation on the received ambient light, the light is emitted from another side of the first phase modulation layer. Side-incidence to the second phase modulation layer;

One side of the second phase modulation layer receives the ambient light emitted from the first phase modulation layer, and after performing a second phase modulation on the received ambient light, the second phase modulation layer ejects the ambient light from the second phase modulation layer. emitted from the other side; wherein the first phase modulation is used to compensate the second phase modulation, or the second phase modulation is used to compensate the first phase modulation.
The optical component according to claim 1, wherein the light modulation layer is used to adjust the light transmittance under the control of an electrical signal.
The optical component according to claim 2, wherein the light modulation layer includes: a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, and an optical layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, The optical layer is used to adjust the light transmittance based on changes in electrical signals loaded on the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
The optical component according to claim 3, wherein the optical layer is one of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic layer or a suspended particle layer.
The optical component according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the other side of the second phase modulation layer receives projection light, and after performing third phase modulation on the received projection light, from The other side of the second phase modulation layer emerges to the target area.
The optical component according to claim 5, wherein the second phase modulation layer includes: a body layer, a reflective layer and a particle layer;

The reflective layer and the particle layer are located between the body layer and the first phase modulation layer; and, the reflective layer is located between the body layer and the particle layer, or the particle layer Located between the body layer and the reflective layer; the body layer is close to the side of the first phase modulation layer and has a first zigzag structure; the body layer is light-transmitting, and the reflective layer reflects the body The projected light transmitted through the layer;

The side of the first phase modulation layer close to the second phase modulation layer has a second zigzag structure that matches the first zigzag structure, and the refractive index of the first phase modulation layer is the same as that of the body layer. have the same refractive index.
The optical component according to claim 6, wherein the refractive index of the particle layer is the same as the refractive index of the body layer.
The optical component according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the wavelength of the projection light includes at least one wavelength, and the reflective layer reflects the at least one wavelength for the light incident from the side where the projection light is located. wavelength of light, and transmits light of wavelengths other than said at least one wavelength;

Alternatively, the projection light is polarized light in a target polarization direction. For light incident from the side where the projection light is located, the reflective layer reflects the polarized light in the target polarization direction and transmits the polarization in the target polarization direction. Light beyond light.
A projection display medium, characterized by comprising the optical component as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and at least one of a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer;

The first transparent layer is located on a side of the light modulation layer away from the first phase modulation layer, and the second transparent layer is located on a side of the second phase modulation layer away from the first phase modulation layer.
The projection display medium according to claim 9, characterized in that the projection display medium includes: the first transparent layer, and the first transparent layer is the front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle. ;

Alternatively, the projection display medium includes: the second transparent layer, and the second transparent layer is the front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle;

Alternatively, the projection display medium includes: the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer, and the projection display medium is the front windshield, side window glass or top window glass of the vehicle.
The projection display medium according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the projection display medium includes the second transparent layer and a brightness enhancement layer;

The other side of the second phase modulation layer receives the projection light that sequentially passes through the brightness enhancement layer and the second transparent layer, and performs third phase modulation on the received projection light, from the The other side of the second phase modulation layer passes through the second transparent layer and the brightness enhancement layer in sequence and then exits to the target area;

After the second phase modulation layer performs a second phase modulation on the received ambient light, it passes through the second transparent layer and the brightness enhancement layer sequentially from the other side of the second phase modulation layer. shoot out;

The transmittance of the brightness enhancement layer and the second transparent layer to the projection light is greater than the transmittance of the second transparent layer to the projection light.
The projection display medium according to claim 11, characterized in that:

The wavelength of the projection light includes at least one wavelength. For the light incident from the side where the projection light is located, the brightness enhancement layer transmits the light of the at least one wavelength and reflects other than the at least one wavelength. other wavelengths of light;

Alternatively, the projection light is polarized light in a target polarization direction. For light incident from the side where the projection light is located, the brightness enhancement layer transmits polarized light in the target polarization direction and reflects light except the target polarization direction. Light other than polarized light.
An optical system, characterized in that it includes: a projection light source, and the optical component according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or the projection display medium according to any one of claims 9 to 12, where the projection light source is used Projection light is projected to the other side of the second phase modulation layer in the optical assembly.
A vehicle, characterized by comprising: the optical system according to claim 13.