WO2024040392A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024040392A1
WO2024040392A1 PCT/CN2022/113962 CN2022113962W WO2024040392A1 WO 2024040392 A1 WO2024040392 A1 WO 2024040392A1 CN 2022113962 W CN2022113962 W CN 2022113962W WO 2024040392 A1 WO2024040392 A1 WO 2024040392A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
battery
exchange member
top cover
distribution box
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/113962
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何润泳
陈兴地
王鹏
秦峰
Original Assignee
宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202280005973.7A priority Critical patent/CN116325325A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/113962 priority patent/WO2024040392A1/zh
Priority to CN202223304423.1U priority patent/CN219419377U/zh
Publication of WO2024040392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024040392A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
  • the traditional top cover only protects the battery cells and has a single function.
  • the present application provides a battery and a power device, which can alleviate the problem of a single function of the top cover.
  • the application provides a battery.
  • the battery includes a battery cell, a top cover and a power distribution box.
  • the top cover is clamped between the battery cell and the power distribution box.
  • the power distribution box The electrical box is used to control the battery;
  • a heat exchange flow channel is formed in the top cover, and the heat exchange flow channel is used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell and the power distribution box.
  • the heat exchange flow channel can accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell and the temperature of the power distribution box. Therefore, in addition to protecting the battery cells, the top cover also has the function of cooling or heating the battery cells and the power distribution box. At the same time, compared with traditional batteries, the power distribution box is located outside the battery box, which effectively improves the space utilization of the battery.
  • the power distribution box is provided with one or more of a fuse, a relay, a current sensor, and a BMS battery system to facilitate battery control.
  • the power distribution box is a sealed structure. In this way, liquid can be prevented from entering the mating box and damaging the components in the power distribution box.
  • the top cover includes a first heat exchange member and a second heat exchange member, and the first heat exchange member and the second heat exchange member are spliced to form the heat exchange flow channel.
  • the first heat exchange element and the second heat exchange element are spliced to form a heat exchange flow channel, which facilitates the opening of the heat exchange flow channel.
  • the second heat exchange member is recessed away from the first heat exchange member to form the heat exchange flow channel, so as to facilitate the formation of the heat exchange flow channel.
  • the first heat exchange member is a flat plate
  • the second heat exchange member includes a first sub-heat exchange member and a second sub-heat exchange member that are connected to each other.
  • the first sub-heat exchange member is opposite to The second sub-heat exchange element is recessed in a direction away from the first heat exchange element;
  • the heat exchange flow channel is formed between the first sub-heat exchange element and the first heat exchange element, and the The second sub-heat exchange member is bonded to the first heat exchange member;
  • the battery cell is connected to a side of the first heat exchange member facing away from the second heat exchange member.
  • the first heat exchange member is a flat plate to facilitate the connection of the battery cells.
  • the bottom or side wall (non-cylindrical surface) of the battery cell is adhered to the plane of the first heat exchange member away from the first heat exchange member.
  • the second heat exchange element since the second heat exchange element includes a first sub-heat exchange element and a second sub-heat exchange element that are connected to each other, the first sub-heat exchange element is recessed relative to the second sub-heat exchange element in a direction away from the first heat exchange element. , that is, the second heat exchange member has an uneven structure, which makes the top cover have greater impact resistance and better protects the battery cells.
  • the heat exchange flow channel includes a plurality of interconnected sub-flow channels
  • the second heat exchange member includes a plurality of first sub-heat exchange members and a plurality of second sub-heat exchange members, and a said first heat exchange member is formed between each of the first sub-heat exchange members and the first heat exchange member.
  • the heat exchange channel since the heat exchange channel includes multiple sub-channels, the fluid flows in the multiple sub-channels to adjust the temperature uniformity of the battery cells and components of the power distribution box.
  • the heat exchange flow channel since the heat exchange flow channel includes a plurality of sub-flow channels, correspondingly, the second heat exchange member includes a plurality of first sub-heat exchange members and a plurality of second sub-heat exchange members, thereby increasing the unevenness of the second heat exchange member.
  • the number of structures further improves the impact strength of the top cover.
  • the thickness of the first heat exchange member and the second heat exchange member is both 0.6mm-3mm.
  • the thickness of the first heat exchange member and the second heat exchange member is set to 0.6mm-3mm, which has a better heat exchange effect on the premise of ensuring the strength of both.
  • the depth of the flow channel area is 1 to 3 times the thickness of the first heat exchange member; and/or the depth of the heat exchange flow channel Depth is 2mm-7mm.
  • the first heat exchange member and the second heat exchange member are welded or adhesively fixed, thus ensuring the fixing effect of the first heat exchange member and the second heat exchange member.
  • the first heat exchange element is made of steel or aluminum; and/or the second heat exchange element is made of steel or aluminum. In this way, the heat exchange effect between the first heat exchange element and the second heat exchange element is ensured.
  • the battery further includes a frame and a bottom cover. Two ends of the frame form a top opening and a bottom opening respectively.
  • the top cover is installed on the top of the frame to close the top opening.
  • the bottom cover is installed on the bottom of the frame to close the bottom opening, and the top cover, the frame and the bottom cover define a receiving space;
  • the battery cells are accommodated in the accommodation space.
  • the top cover and the bottom cover are respectively installed at the top and bottom of the frame, thereby making the height of the entire battery box lower and reducing the space occupied by the battery in the height direction.
  • the frame includes a frame and a support beam.
  • the support beam is connected to the frame.
  • the frame and the support beam jointly form the top opening.
  • the support beam supports the top opening. underneath the top cover.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, which is characterized in that it includes a battery as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • the electrical device is a vehicle
  • the top cover is the floor of the vehicle
  • a side of the second heat exchanger away from the first heat exchanger faces the passenger compartment of the vehicle. set up.
  • the top cover can not only realize the function of heat exchange with the battery cells, but also heat or heat the passenger compartment, improving the user experience. Since the top cover serves as the floor of the vehicle, the utilization rate of the entire vehicle height is greatly improved, and a battery pack with better energy can be obtained.
  • There is a heat exchange flow channel in the top cover which acts as the floor of the vehicle and can better isolate the noise generated by the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • the power distribution box is located directly below or behind a rear seat of the vehicle. Placing the power distribution box under or behind the rear seats of the vehicle can greatly utilize the space of the entire vehicle.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an assembly diagram of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the battery shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is an exploded schematic view of the top cover of the battery shown in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the top cover shown in FIG. 6 .
  • Second heat exchange part 131. First sub-section Heat exchanger; 132, second heat exchanger; 20, battery cell; 21, end cover; 21a, electrode terminal; 22, casing; 23, cell assembly; 23a, tab; 30, frame; 31 , frame; 32, support beam; 40, bottom cover; 50, distribution box; X, length direction; Y, width direction; Z, thickness direction.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
  • connection In this application, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixing” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrated into one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements or an interactive relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specified restrictions. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • a first feature being “on” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. touch.
  • the terms “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature is above the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • "Below”, “below” and “beneath” the first feature to the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a smaller horizontal height than the second feature.
  • Power batteries are not only used in energy storage power systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and electric cars, as well as in many fields such as military equipment and aerospace. . As the application fields of power batteries continue to expand, their market demand is also constantly expanding.
  • the function of the top cover can be optimized.
  • the top cover can not only protect the battery cells, but also cool or heat the battery cells.
  • the battery includes a cell, a top cover and a distribution box.
  • the top cover is clamped between the battery cell and the distribution box.
  • the distribution box is used to control the voltage of the battery.
  • a heat exchange flow channel is formed in the top cover, and the heat exchange flow channel is used to accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cells and the power distribution box.
  • the heat exchange flow channel is formed in the top cover, the heat exchange flow channel can accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell and the temperature of the power distribution box. Therefore, in addition to protecting the battery cells, the top cover also has the function of cooling or heating the battery cells and the power distribution box. At the same time, compared with traditional batteries, the distribution box is located outside the battery box. This prevents the exhaust from the battery cells from damaging the components in the distribution box.
  • the batteries disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in, but are not limited to, electrical devices such as vehicles, ships, or aircrafts.
  • a power supply system equipped with electrical devices such as the battery disclosed in this application can be used. In this way, the battery cells can be better protected and the heat of the battery cells can be managed.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery as a power source.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • FIG. 1 For the convenience of explanation in the following embodiments, refer to FIG. 1 and take an electrical device as a vehicle 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application as an example.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the battery 100 is disposed inside the vehicle 1000 , and the battery 100 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300 .
  • the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to provide power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but also can be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 includes a case and battery cells 20, and the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the case.
  • the box body includes a first part and a second part, the first part and the second part are mutually covered, and the first part and the second part jointly define an accommodation space for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the second part may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part may be a plate-like structure. In this case, the first part forms the top cover 10 of the battery 100 .
  • the battery 100 there may be a plurality of battery cells 20, and the plurality of battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the plurality of battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • Multiple battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or mixed together, and then the whole composed of multiple battery cells 20 can be accommodated in the box; of course, the battery 100 can also have multiple battery cells 20 connected in series first. They are connected in parallel or mixed to form a battery 100 module. Multiple battery 100 modules are then connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and are accommodated in a box.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures.
  • the battery 100 may further include a bus component for realizing electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery 100 or a primary battery 100; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery 100, a sodium-ion battery 100 or a magnesium-ion battery 100, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit that constitutes the battery 100 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes an end cover 21 , a housing 22 , a cell assembly 23 and other functional components.
  • the end cap 21 refers to a component that covers the opening of the case 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the end cap 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy). In this way, the end cap 21 is less likely to deform when subjected to extrusion and collision, so that the battery cell 20 can have higher durability. Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the end cap 21 may be provided with functional components such as electrode terminals 21a.
  • the electrode terminal 21a can be used to electrically connect with the battery cell assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the end cap 21 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism for releasing the internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the end cap 21 can also be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • an insulating member may also be provided inside the end cover 21 , and the insulating member may be used to isolate the electrical connection components in the housing 22 from the end cover 21 to reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, etc.
  • the housing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the end cover 21 to form an internal environment of the battery cell 20 , wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the battery core assembly 23 , electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the end cover 21 may be independent components, and an opening may be provided on the housing 22.
  • the end cover 21 covers the opening at the opening to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated.
  • the end cover 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are put into the housing. When it is necessary to encapsulate the inside of the housing 22 At this time, the end cover 21 covers the housing 22 again.
  • the housing 22 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the housing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the battery core assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 may be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which are not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell assembly 23 is a component in the battery cell 20 that undergoes electrochemical reactions.
  • One or more battery core assemblies 23 may be contained within the housing 22 .
  • the cell assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that contain active material constitute the main body of the battery cell assembly 23, and the portions of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet that do not contain active material constitute the tabs 23a respectively.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can be located together at one end of the main body or respectively located at both ends of the main body.
  • the positive active material and the negative active material react with the electrolyte, and the tab 23a is connected to the electrode terminal 21a to form a current loop.
  • the present application provides a battery 100.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 20, a top cover 10 and a power distribution box 50.
  • the top cover 10 is clamped between the battery cell 20 and the power distribution box 50.
  • the power distribution box 50 is used to control the battery 100 .
  • the power distribution box 50 is used to control the voltage and/or current of the battery 100 .
  • a heat exchange flow channel 11 is formed in the top cover 10 .
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 is used to contain fluid for adjusting the temperature of the battery cell 20 and the power distribution box 50 .
  • the top cover 10 is clamped between the battery cell 20 and the power distribution box 50" means that the power distribution box 50, the top cover 10 and the battery cell 20 are stacked.
  • the top cover 10 is between the power distribution box 50 and the battery.
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 is a channel that can accommodate fluid for adjusting the temperature of the battery cells 20 and the high-voltage box. During the process of cooling or heating the battery cells 20 and the power distribution box 50 , the fluid can circulate in the heat exchange channel 11 to transfer or take away heat.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel can be in various shapes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, cylinder, and hexagonal prism.
  • Fluids can be liquids or gases.
  • the liquid is also called a cooling medium.
  • the fluid is also called a heating medium.
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 can accommodate fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20 and the temperature of the power distribution box 50. Therefore, in addition to protecting the battery cells 20 , the top cover 10 also has the function of cooling or heating the battery cells 20 and the power distribution box 50 . At the same time, compared with the traditional battery 100, the power distribution box 50 is located outside the box of the battery 100, which effectively improves the space utilization of the battery 100.
  • the voltage of the battery 100 is relatively high. If the electrical appliances such as the motor controller 200, air conditioning system and charging system are directly connected to the battery 100, the wiring harness of the battery 100 will be messy. Therefore, the battery 100 needs to add a high-voltage distribution box 50. High voltage distribution is performed on the battery 100 .
  • the power distribution box 50 adopts a centralized power distribution scheme with compact structural design, convenient wiring layout, and convenient and quick maintenance. According to the system architecture requirements of different customers, the power distribution box 50 also integrates part of the intelligent control management unit of the battery 100 management system, thereby further simplifying the complexity of power distribution of the entire electrical device.
  • the power distribution box 50 is provided with one or more of a fuse, a relay, a current sensor, and a BMS battery system to facilitate the control of the battery 100 .
  • a fuse is an electrical appliance that uses the heat it generates to melt the melt and disconnect the circuit when the current exceeds a specified value.
  • a relay is an electrical control device. It is an electrical appliance that causes a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity in the electrical output circuit when the change in the input quantity (excitation quantity) reaches the specified requirements.
  • a current sensor is a detection device that can sense the information of the measured current, and can transform the detected information into an electrical signal that meets certain standards or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the needs of Information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control requirements.
  • BMS battery system commonly known as battery nanny or battery butler, is mainly used to intelligently manage and maintain each battery unit, prevent the battery from overcharging and over-discharging, extend the service life of the battery, and monitor the status of the battery.
  • the power distribution box 50 is a sealed structure. In this way, liquid can be prevented from entering the mating box 50 and damaging the components in the power distribution box 50 .
  • the top cover 10 includes a first heat exchange member 12 and a second heat exchange member 13.
  • the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 connected to form a heat exchange flow channel 11.
  • the first heat exchange element 12 and the second heat exchange element 13 are both components that can exchange heat with external components, that is, the heat of the fluid can be transferred to the first heat exchange element 12 and the second heat exchange element 13.
  • the first heat exchange element 12 and the second heat exchange element 13 conduct the heat of the fluid to external components, such as the battery cells 20 and components of the power distribution box 50 .
  • the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 are made of metal material.
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 is formed by connecting the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13, which facilitates the opening of the heat exchange flow channel 11.
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 can also be formed in other ways, which is not limited here.
  • the second heat exchange member 13 is recessed away from the first heat exchange member 12 to form the heat exchange flow channel 11, so as to facilitate the formation of the heat exchange flow channel 11.
  • the specific formation manner of the heat exchange flow channel 11 is not limited.
  • the first heat exchange member 12 is a flat plate.
  • the second heat exchange member 13 includes a first sub-heat exchange member 131 and a second sub-heat exchange member 132 that are connected to each other.
  • the first sub-heat exchange member 131 is recessed relative to the second sub-heat exchange member 132 in a direction away from the first heat exchange member 12; a heat exchange flow channel is formed between the first sub-heat exchange member 131 and the first heat exchange member 12.
  • the second heat exchange sub-member 132 is attached to the first heat exchange member 12 .
  • the battery cell 20 is in contact with the side of the first heat exchange member 12 away from the second heat exchange member 13 .
  • the first heat exchange member 12 is a flat plate.
  • the fact that the first sub-heat exchange element 131 is concave relative to the second sub-heat exchange element 132 in the direction away from the first heat exchange element 12 means that the second heat exchange element 13 is a concave and convex plate, that is, the second heat exchange element 131 is a concave and convex plate.
  • the component 13 is a cavity plate having a cavity. The cavity wall of the cavity and the first heat exchange component 12 define a heat exchange flow channel 11 .
  • the first heat exchange member 12 is a flat plate to facilitate the connection of the battery cell 20 , such as the bottom or side wall (non-cylindrical surface) of the battery cell 20 and the first heat exchange member 12 facing away from the first heat exchange member 12 Paste on the flat surface.
  • the second heat exchange member 13 since the second heat exchange member 13 includes the first sub-heat exchange member 131 and the second sub-heat exchange member 132 that are connected to each other, the first sub-heat exchange member 131 is directed away from the first sub-heat exchange member 132 relative to the second sub-heat exchange member 132.
  • the direction of the heat element 12 is concave, that is, the second heat exchange element 13 has an uneven structure, so that the impact resistance of the top cover 10 is greater and the protection effect on the battery cells 20 is better.
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 includes a plurality of interconnected sub-flow channels.
  • the second heat exchange member 13 includes a plurality of first sub-heat exchange members 131 and a plurality of second sub-heat exchange members 132.
  • a sub-flow channel is formed between each first sub-heat exchange member 131 and the first heat exchange member 12. .
  • the heat exchange channel 11 since the heat exchange channel 11 includes multiple sub-channels, the fluid flows in the multiple sub-channels to adjust the temperature uniformity of the battery cells 20 and components of the power distribution box 50 .
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 since the heat exchange flow channel 11 includes a plurality of sub-flow channels, correspondingly, the second heat exchange member 13 includes a plurality of first sub-heat exchange members 131 and a plurality of second sub-heat exchange members 132, thereby increasing the number of second heat exchange members.
  • the number of concave and convex structures of the thermal component 13 further improves the impact resistance of the top cover 10 .
  • the thickness of both the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 is 0.6 millimeters (mm) to 3 millimeters (mm).
  • the thickness direction Z of the top cover 10 is the direction in which the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 cover each other, and the length direction vertical.
  • the thickness of the first heat exchange member 12 is its dimension in the thickness direction Z of the top cover 10
  • the thickness of the second heat exchange member 13 is its dimension in the thickness direction Z of the top cover 10 .
  • the thickness of the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 is set to 0.6mm-3mm, which has a better heat exchange effect on the premise of ensuring their strength.
  • the thickness of the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 is not limited and can be selected as needed.
  • the dimensions of the first heat exchange element 12 and the second heat exchange element 13 in the length direction X and width direction Y of the top cover 10 are not limited.
  • the depth of the heat exchange flow channel 11 is 1 to 3 times the thickness of the first heat exchange member 12; and/or heat exchange The depth of the flow channel 11 is 2mm-7mm.
  • the depth of the heat exchange channel 11 ensures that the amount of fluid accommodated is appropriate, so that the amount of fluid accommodated is not too small, thereby ensuring the heat exchange effect, and at the same time avoiding excessive amounts of accommodated fluid that may cause damage to the top cover 10 Intensity affects.
  • the depth of the heat exchange flow channel 11 is not limited.
  • the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 are welded or adhesively fixed. In this way, the fixation of the first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 is ensured. Effect.
  • first heat exchange member 12 and the second heat exchange member 13 can also be connected and fixed by screws, which is not limited here.
  • the material selected for the first heat exchange member 12 is steel or aluminum; and/or the material selected for the second heat exchange member 13 is steel or aluminum. In this way, the heat exchange effect of the first heat exchange element 12 and the second heat exchange element 13 is ensured.
  • the materials of the first heat exchange element 12 and the second heat exchange element 13 are not limited, as long as the heat exchange effect of the first heat exchange element 12 and the second heat exchange element 13 is ensured.
  • the battery 100 also includes a frame 30 and a bottom cover 40.
  • the two ends of the frame 30 form a top opening and a bottom opening respectively, and the top cover 10 is installed on the frame.
  • the top of 30 is to close the top opening, and the bottom cover 40 is installed on the bottom of the frame 30 to close the bottom opening.
  • the top cover 10, the frame 30 and the bottom cover 40 define a receiving space.
  • the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the accommodation space.
  • Both the frame 30 and the bottom cover 40 are part of the second part of the box.
  • the frame 30 is hollow inside and has openings at both ends.
  • the accommodation space is a closed space with a certain volume for accommodating the battery cells 20 .
  • the top opening and the bottom opening are respectively located at both ends of the frame 30 .
  • the top cover 10 and the bottom cover 40 are installed on the top and bottom ends of the frame 30 respectively, so that the height of the entire box of the battery 100 is lower and the space occupied by the battery 100 in the height direction is reduced.
  • the frame 30 is a hollow cuboid-shaped structure, that is, the frame 30 includes a first side, a second side, a third side and a fourth side connected in sequence. In this way, the manufacturing of the frame 30 is facilitated. It should be understood that in other embodiments, the shape of the frame 30 can be set according to needs, for example, the frame 30 can also be a hollow cylindrical structure.
  • the frame 30 includes a frame 31 and a support beam 32.
  • the support beam 32 is connected to the frame 31.
  • the frame 31 and the support beam 32 together form a top opening.
  • the support beam 32 supports the underneath the top cover.
  • the frame 31 is the main structure of the frame 30
  • the support beam 32 is the reinforcing structure of the frame 30 .
  • Support beams 32 include transverse beams and/or longitudinal beams. In a specific embodiment, the support beam 32 only includes cross beams. In another embodiment, the support beams 32 include only longitudinal beams. In yet another specific embodiment, the support beam 32 includes both transverse beams and longitudinal beams.
  • the cross beam is a beam extending along the width direction Y
  • the longitudinal beam is a beam extending along the length direction X.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 100 described in any of the above solutions, and the battery 100 is used to provide electrical energy for the electrical device.
  • the electrical device is the vehicle 1000
  • the top cover 10 is the floor of the vehicle 1000
  • the side of the second heat exchange member 13 away from the first heat exchange member 12 is disposed facing the passenger compartment.
  • the floor is the footrest in the passenger compartment of the vehicle 1000 for the passengers to step on.
  • the side of the second heat exchange element 13 away from the first heat exchange element 12 is disposed facing the passenger compartment of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the top cover 10 can not only realize the function of heat exchange with the battery cells 20, but also heat or heat the passenger compartment, thereby improving the user experience. Since the top cover 10 serves as the floor of the vehicle 1000, the utilization rate of the entire vehicle height is greatly improved, and a battery 100 pack with better energy can be obtained. There is a heat exchange flow channel 11 in the top cover 10, which serves as the floor of the vehicle 1000 and can better isolate the noise generated at the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • the power distribution box 50 is located directly below or behind the rear seat of the vehicle 1000 .
  • Disposing the power distribution box 50 under or behind the rear seat of the vehicle 1000 can greatly utilize the space of the entire vehicle.
  • the power distribution box 50 can also be disposed at other suitable locations, which is not limited here.
  • the present application provides a battery 100.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery cell 20, a top cover 10 and a power distribution box 50.
  • the top cover 10 is clamped between the battery cell 20 and the power distribution box 50.
  • the power distribution box 50 is used to control the battery 100.
  • a heat exchange flow channel 11 is formed in the top cover 10 .
  • the heat exchange flow channel 11 is used to contain fluid for adjusting the temperature of the battery cell 20 and the power distribution box 50 .
  • the battery 100 also includes a frame 30 and a bottom cover 40.
  • the two ends of the frame 30 form a top opening and a bottom opening respectively.
  • the top cover 10 is installed on the top of the frame 30 to close the top opening.
  • the bottom cover 40 is installed on the bottom of the frame 30 to close it.
  • the bottom end is open, and the top cover 10, the frame 30 and the bottom cover 40 define a receiving space.
  • the battery cells 20 are accommodated in the accommodation space.

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Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池及用电装置，电池包括电池单体、顶盖及配电盒，顶盖夹持于电池单体与配电盒之间，配电盒用于对电池进行控制；顶盖内形成换热流道，换热流道用于容纳流体以用于调节电池单体及配电盒的温度。由于顶盖内形成换热流道，换热流道内能够容纳流体，以用于调节电池单体的温度及配电盒的温度。因此，顶盖在具有保护电池单体的作用的基础上，还具有冷却或制热电池单体及配电盒的作用。同时，相对于传统的电池，配电盒位于电池的箱体的外部，这样，有效提高了电池的空间利用率。

Description

电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
但是，传统的顶盖仅仅起到保护电池单体的作用，其功能单一。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种电池及用电装置，能够缓解顶盖的功能单一的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供一种电池，所述电池包括电池单体、顶盖及配电盒，所述顶盖夹持于所述电池单体与所述配电盒之间，所述配电盒用于对所述电池进行控制；
所述顶盖内形成换热流道，所述换热流道用于容纳流体以调节所述电池单体及所述配电盒的温度。
上述电池，由于顶盖内形成换热流道，换热流道内能够容纳流体，以用于调节电池单体的温度及配电盒的温度。因此，顶盖在具有保护电池单体的作用的基础上，还具有冷却或制热电池单体及配电盒的作用。同时，相对于传统的电池，配电盒位于电池的箱体的外部，这样，有效提高了电池的空间利用率。
在一些实施例中，所述配电盒内设有熔断器、继电器、电流传感器及BMS电池系统中的一种或多种，以便于对电池进行控制。
在一些实施例中，所述配电盒为密封结构。这样，能够防止液体进入配合盒内，而损坏配电盒内的零部件。
在一些实施例中，所述顶盖包括第一换热件与第二换热件，所述第一换热件与所述第二换热件拼接以形成所述换热流道。上述设置，通过第一换热件与第二换热件拼接形成换热流道，便于换热流道的开设。
在一些实施例中，所述第二换热件远离所述第一换热件凹陷以形成所述换热流道，这样，以便于换热流道的形成。
在一些实施例中，所述第一换热件为平板，所述第二换热件包括相互连接的第一子换热件与第二子换热件，所述第一子换热件相对于所述第二子换热件向背离所述第一换热件的方向凹陷；所述第一子换热件与所述第一换热件之间形成所述换热流道，所述第二子换热件与所述第一换热件贴合；
所述电池单体与所述第一换热件背离所述第二换热件的一侧连接。上述设置，第一换热件为平板，以便于连接电池单体，如电池单体的底部或侧壁(非极柱面)与第一换热件背离第一换热件的平面粘贴。同时，由于第二换热件包括相互连接的第一子换热件与第二子换热件，第一子换热件相对于第二子换热件向背离第一换热件的方向凹陷，即为第二换热件为凹凸不平的结构，使得顶盖的抗冲击强度较大，对电池单体的保护作用较佳。
在一些实施例中，所述换热流道包括多个相互连通的子流道；
所述第二换热件包括多个第一子换热件及多个第二子换热件，每个所述第一子换热件与所述第一换热件之间形成一个所述子流道。
上述设置，由于换热流道包括多条子流道，则流体在多个子流道内流动，以调节电池单体及配电盒的零部件的温度均匀性。同时，由于换热流道包括多个子流道，相应地，第二换热件包括多个第一子换热件与多个第二子换热件，从而增加了第二换热件的凹凸结构的数量，进一步提高了顶盖的抗冲击强度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一换热件及所述第二换热件的厚度均为0.6mm-3mm。将第一换热件及第二换热件的厚度设置为0.6mm-3mm，在保证两者强度的前提下，具有较佳的换热效果。
在一些实施例中，在所述顶盖的厚度方向上，所述流道区域的深度为所述第一换热件的厚度的1倍-3倍；和/或所述换热流道的深度为2mm-7mm。上述设置，换热流道的深度保证容纳的流体的量合适，使得容纳的流体的量不至过少，从而保证热交换效果，同时避免容纳的流体的量过多而对顶盖的强度造成影响。
在一些实施例中，所述第一换热件与所述第二换热件焊接或粘接固定，这样，保证了第一换热件与第二换热件的固定效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一换热件所选用的材质为钢或铝；和/或所述第二换热件所选用的材质为钢或铝。这样，保证了第一换热件与第二换热件的换热效果。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括边框及底盖，所述边框的两端分别形成顶端开口与底端开口，所述顶盖安装于所述边框的顶部以封闭所述顶端开口，所述底盖安装于所述边框的底部以封闭所述底端开口，所述顶盖、所述边框及所述底盖界定形成容纳空间；
所述电池单体容纳至所述容纳空间内。上述设置，顶盖与底盖分别安装于边框的顶端与底端，从而使得电池的整个箱体的高度较低，减小了电池在高度方向上的占用空间。
在一些实施例中，所述边框包括框体及支撑梁，所述支撑梁与所述框体连接，所述框体及所述支撑梁共同形成所述顶端开口，所述支撑梁支撑设于所述顶盖的下方。上述设置，由于支撑梁支撑设于顶盖的下方，对顶盖起到了良好的支撑作用。
第二方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括如上述任一实施例所述的电池。
在一些实施例中，所述用电装置为车辆，所述顶盖为所述车辆的地板，所述第二换热件 背离所述第一换热件的一侧面向所述车辆的乘客舱设置。这样，顶盖不但能够实现与电池单体热交换的功能，还能给乘客舱制热或制热，提高用户体验。由于顶盖作为车辆的地板，在整车高度上极大提高了利用率，能够获得更好能量的电池包。顶盖内具有换热流道，其作为车辆的地板，能够更好地隔绝车体底部所产生的噪音。
在一些实施例中，所述配电盒位于所述车辆的后方座椅的正下方或者后方。将配电盒设置于车辆的后方座椅的下方或后方，能够极大利用整车的空间。
附图说明
图1为本申请一些实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的电池的装配图；
图4为图3中所示的电池的分解示意图；
图5为图3中所示的电池的剖视图；
图6为图3中所示的电池的顶盖的分解示意图；
图7为图6中所示的顶盖的剖视图。
1000、车辆；100、电池；200、控制器；300、马达；10、顶盖；11、换热流道；12、第一换热件；13、第二换热件；131、第一子换热件；132、第二子换热件；20、电池单体；21、端盖；21a、电极端子；22、壳体；23、电芯组件；23a、极耳；30、边框；31、框体；32、支撑梁；40、底盖；50、配电盒；X、长度方向；Y、宽度方向；Z、厚度方向。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请。但是本申请能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本申请内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本申请不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三 个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，动力电池的应用越加广泛。动力电池不仅被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域。随着动力电池应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。
本申请人注意到，传统的顶盖仅仅起到保护电池单体的作用，其功能较为单一。
为了解决传统的顶盖功能单一的问题，申请人研究发现，可以优化顶盖的作用，如顶盖不但能够起到保护电池单体的作用，还能够冷却或者加热电池单体等。
基于以上考虑，为了解决顶盖功能单一的问题，申请人经过深入研究，设计了一种电池。电池包括单体、顶盖及配电盒，顶盖夹持于电池单体与配电盒之间，配电盒用于对电池进行电压控制。顶盖内形成换热流道，换热流道用于容纳流体以用于调节电池单体及配电盒的温度。
由于顶盖内形成换热流道，换热流道内能够容纳流体，以用于调节电池单体的温度及配电盒的温度。因此，顶盖在具有保护电池单体的作用的基础上，还具有冷却或制热电池单体及配电盒的作用。同时，相对于传统的电池，配电盒位于电池的箱体的外部，这样，避免了电池单体的排气损坏配电盒内的零部件。
本申请实施例公开的电池可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。可以使用具备本申请公开的电池等组成用电装置的电源系统，这样，可以较佳地保护电池单体，且对 电池单体进行热量管理。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作用电源的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，参阅图1，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆1000为例进行说明。
车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
电池100包括箱体和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体内。箱体包括第一部分与第二部分，第一部分与第二部分相互盖合，第一部分与第二部分共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分为板状结构，此时第一部分构成电池100的顶盖10。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池100模块形式，多个电池100模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池100或一次电池100；还可以是锂硫电池100、钠离子电池100或镁离子电池100，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
电池单体20是指组成电池100的最小单元。参阅图2，电池单体20包括有端盖21、壳体22、电芯组件23以及其他的功能性部件。
端盖21是指盖合于壳体22的开口处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，端盖21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。可选地，端盖21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，端盖21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。端盖21上 可以设置有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电芯组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。在一些实施例中，端盖21上还可以设置有用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时泄放内部压力的泄压机构。端盖21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。在一些实施例中，在端盖21的内侧还可以设置有绝缘件，绝缘件可以用于隔离壳体22内的电连接部件与端盖21，以降低短路的风险。示例性的，绝缘件可以是塑料、橡胶等。
壳体22是用于配合端盖21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电芯组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和端盖21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口，通过在开口处使端盖21盖合开口以形成电池单体20的内部环境。不限地，也可以使端盖21和壳体22一体化，具体地，端盖21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使端盖21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电芯组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电芯组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电芯组件23。电芯组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电芯组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳23a。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池100的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳23a连接电极端子21a以形成电流回路。
参阅图3-图5，本申请提供了一种电池100，电池100包括电池单体20、顶盖10及配电盒50，顶盖10夹持于电池单体20与配电盒50之间，配电盒50用于对电池100进行控制。具体地，配电盒50用于对电池100进行电压和/或电流进行控制。参阅图6及图7，顶盖10内形成换热流道11，换热流道11用于容纳流体以用于调节电池单体20及配电盒50温度。
“顶盖10夹持于电池单体20与配电盒50之间”即为配电盒50、顶盖10及电池单体20三者层叠设置，顶盖10为处于配电盒50与电池单体20之间的夹层，以形成夹层结构。具体地，在电池100的高度方向上，配电盒50、顶盖10与电池单体20层叠设置。
换热流道11为其中能够容纳流体以用于调节电池单体20及高压盒的温度的通道。在给电池单体20及配电盒50冷却或加热的过程中，流体在换热流道11内可循环流动，从而传递或带走热量。流道的截面形状可以为多种，如长方体形、圆柱体形、六棱柱形。
流体可以是液体也可以是气体。当顶盖10用于使电池单体20及配电盒50降温时，液体也叫做冷却介质。当顶盖10用于使电池单体20及配电盒50升温时，流体也叫做制热介质。
上述电池100，由于顶盖10内形成换热流道11，换热流道11内能够容纳流体，以用于 调节电池单体20的温度及配电盒50的温度。因此，顶盖10在具有保护电池单体20的作用的基础上，还具有冷却或制热电池单体20及配电盒50的作用。同时，相对于传统的电池100，配电盒50位于电池100的箱体的外部，这样，有效提高了电池100的空间利用率。
一般地，电池100的电压较高，用电装置用电器如电机控制器200、空调系统及充电系统若直接与电池100相连则会造成电池100线束杂乱，故电池100需要增加高压配电盒50对电池100进行高压分配。配电盒50采用集中配电方案，结构设计紧凑，接线布局方便，检修方便快捷。根据不同客户的系统架构需求，配电盒50还要集成部分电池100管理系统智能控制管理单元，从而进一步简化整个用电装置配电的复杂度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，配电盒50中内设有熔断器、继电器、电流传感器及BMS电池系统中的一种或多种，以便于对电池100进行控制。熔断器(fuse)是指当电流超过规定值时，以本身产生的热量使熔体熔断，断开电路的一种电器。继电器(relay)是一种电控制器件，是当输入量(激励量)的变化达到规定要求时，在电气输出电路中使被控量发生预定的阶跃变化的一种电器。电流传感器，是一种检测装置，能感受到被测电流的信息，并能将检测感受到的信息，按一定规律变换成为符合一定标准需要的电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出，以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。BMS电池系统俗称之为电池保姆或电池管家，主要就是为了智能化管理及维护各个电池单元，防止电池出现过充电和过放电，延长电池的使用寿命，监控电池的状态。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，配电盒50为密封结构。这样，能够防止液体进入配合盒50内，而损坏配电盒50内的零部件。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，参阅图6及图7，顶盖10包括第一换热件12与第二换热件13，第一换热件12与第二换热件13连接以形成换热流道11。
第一换热件12与第二换热件13均为与能够与外部构件产生热量交换的部件，即为，流体的热量能够传递至第一换热件12与第二换热件13，第一换热件12与第二换热件13将流体的热量传导至外部构件，如电池单体20及配电盒50的零部件上。一般地，第一换热件12与第二换热件13均采用金属材质制备形成。
上述设置，通过第一换热件12与第二换热件13连接形成换热流道11，便于换热流道11的开设。
可以想到的是，在另一些实施例中，换热流道11还可以采用其他方式形成，在此不作限定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第二换热件13远离第一换热件12凹陷以形成换热流道11，这样，以便于换热流道11的形成。
可以想到的是，在另一些实施例中，对于换热流道11的具体形成方式不作限定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一换热件12为平板，参阅图7，第二换热件13 包括相互连接的第一子换热件131与第二子换热件132，第一子换热件131相对于第二子换热件132向背离第一换热件12的方向凹陷；第一子换热件131与第一换热件12之间形成换热流道11，第二子换热件132与第一换热件12贴合。电池单体20与第一换热件12背离第二换热件13的一侧抵接。
第一换热件12为平板。第一子换热件131相对于第二子换热件132向背离第一换热件12的方向凹陷是指第二换热件13为凹凸设置的凹凸状板，也即为第二换热件13为具有型腔的型腔板，型腔的腔壁与第一换热件12界定形成换热流道11。
上述设置，第一换热件12为平板，以便于连接电池单体20，如电池单体20的底部或侧壁(非极柱面)与第一换热件12背离第一换热件12的平面粘贴。同时，由于第二换热件13包括相互连接的第一子换热件131与第二子换热件132，第一子换热件131相对于第二子换热件132向背离第一换热件12的方向凹陷，即为第二换热件13为凹凸不平的结构，使得顶盖10的抗冲击强度较大，对电池单体20的保护作用较佳。
进一步，换热流道11包括多个相互连通的子流道。第二换热件13包括多个第一子换热件131及多个第二子换热件132，每个第一子换热件131与第一换热件12之间形成一个子流道。
上述设置，由于换热流道11包括多条子流道，则流体在多个子流道内流动，以调节电池单体20及配电盒50的零部件的温度均匀性。同时，由于换热流道11包括多个子流道，相应地，第二换热件13包括多个第一子换热件131与多个第二子换热件132，从而增加了第二换热件13的凹凸结构的数量，进一步提高了顶盖10的抗冲击强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一换热件12及第二换热件13的厚度均为0.6毫米(mm)-3毫米(mm)。
顶盖10的厚度方向Z即为第一换热件12与第二换热件13相互盖合的方向，且顶盖10的长度方向X、宽度方向Y及厚度方向Z(参阅图3)相垂直。第一换热件12的厚度为其在顶盖10的厚度方向Z上的尺寸，第二换热件13的厚度为其在顶盖10的厚度方向Z上的尺寸。
将第一换热件12及第二换热件13的厚度设置为0.6mm-3mm，在保证两者强度的前提下，具有较佳的换热效果。
应当理解的是，在另一些实施例中，对于第一换热件12与第二换热件13的厚度不作限定，可以根据需要选择。同时，对于第一换热件12与第二换热件13在顶盖10的长度方向X与宽度方向Y上的尺寸不作限定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，在顶盖10的厚度方向Z上，换热流道11的深度为第一换热件12的厚度的1倍-3倍；和/或换热流道11的深度为2mm-7mm。
上述设置，换热流道11的深度保证容纳的流体的量合适，使得容纳的流体的量不至过少，从而保证热交换效果，同时避免容纳的流体的量过多而对顶盖10的强度造成影响。
应当理解的是，在另一些实施例中，对于换热流道11的深度不作限定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一换热件12与第二换热件13焊接或粘接固定，这样，保证了第一换热件12与第二换热件13的固定效果。
可以想到的是，在另一些实施例中，第一换热件12与第二换热件13也可以通过螺钉连接固定，在此不作限定。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，第一换热件12所选用的材质为钢或铝；和/或第二换热件13所选用的材质为钢或铝。这样，保证了第一换热件12与第二换热件13的换热效果。
当然，在另一些实施例中，对于第一换热件12与第二换热件13的材质不作限定，只要保证第一换热件12与第二换热件13的换热效果即可。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，参阅图3-图5，电池100还包括边框30及底盖40，边框30的两端分别形成顶端开口与底端开口，顶盖10安装于边框30的顶部以封闭顶端开口，底盖40安装于边框30的底部以封闭底端开口，顶盖10、边框30及底盖40界定形成容纳空间。电池单体20容纳至容纳空间内。
边框30与底盖40均为箱体的第二部分的一部分。边框30为内部中空且两端具有开口的结构。容纳空间为具有一定体积的密闭空间，以用于容纳电池单体20。
在此需要说明的是，在顶盖10的厚度方向Z上，也即为电池100的高度方向上，顶端开口与底端开口分别位于边框30的两端。
上述设置，顶盖10与底盖40分别安装于边框30的顶端与底端，从而使得电池100的整个箱体的高度较低，减小了电池100在高度方向上的占用空间。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，边框30为中空的长方体状结构，即为边框30包括首尾依次相连的第一边部、第二边部、第三边部与第四边部。这样，方便边框30的制造。应当理解，在另一些实施例中，边框30的形状可以依据需要设定，如边框30还可以为中空的圆柱体状结构。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，边框30包括框体31及支撑梁32，支撑梁32与框体31连接，框体31及支撑梁32共同形成顶端开口，支撑梁32支撑设于顶盖的下方。
框体31为边框30的主体结构，支撑梁32为边框30的加强结构。支撑梁32包括横梁和/或纵梁。一具体实施方式中，支撑梁32只包括横梁。另一具体实施方式中，支撑梁32只包括纵梁。又一具体实施方式中，支撑梁32既包括横梁，又包括纵梁。
其中，横梁为沿宽度方向Y延伸的梁，纵梁为沿长度方向X延伸的梁。
上述设置，由于支撑梁32支撑设于顶盖的下方，对顶盖10起到了良好的支撑作用。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置，包括以上任一方案所述的电池100，并且电池100用于为用电装置提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，用电装置为车辆1000，顶盖10为车辆1000的地板， 第二换热件13背离第一换热件12的一侧面向乘客舱设置。
地板即为车辆1000的乘客舱中供乘客脚踩的脚踩板。第二换热件13背离第一换热件12的一侧面向车辆1000的乘客舱设置。
这样，顶盖10不但能够实现与电池单体20热交换的功能，还能给乘客舱制热或制热，提高用户体验。由于顶盖10作为车辆1000的地板，在整车高度上极大提高了利用率，能够获得更好能量的电池100包。顶盖10内具有换热流道11，其作为车辆1000的地板，能够更好地隔绝车体底部所产生的噪音。
根据本申请的一些实施例，可选地，配电盒50位于车辆1000的后方座椅的正下方或者后方。
将配电盒50设置于车辆1000的后方座椅的下方或后方，能够极大利用整车的空间。
可以想到的是，在另一些实施例中，也可以将配电盒50设置于其他合适的位置，在此不作限定。
参阅图3-图5，本申请提供了一种电池100，电池100包括电池单体20、顶盖10及配电盒50，顶盖10夹持于电池单体20与配电盒50之间，配电盒50用于对电池100控制。参阅图6及图7，顶盖10内形成换热流道11，换热流道11用于容纳流体以用于调节电池单体20及配电盒50的温度。
电池100还包括边框30及底盖40，边框30的两端分别形成顶端开口与底端开口，顶盖10安装于边框30的顶部以封闭顶端开口，底盖40安装于边框30的底部以封闭底端开口，顶盖10、边框30及底盖40界定形成容纳空间。电池单体20容纳至容纳空间内。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此，本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池，所述电池包括电池单体(20)、顶盖(10)及配电盒(50)，所述顶盖(10)夹持于所述电池单体(20)与所述配电盒(50)之间，所述配电盒(50)用于对所述电池进行控制；
    所述顶盖(10)内形成有换热流道(11)，所述换热流道(11)用于容纳流体以调节所述电池单体(20)及所述配电盒(50)的温度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述配电盒(50)内设有熔断器、继电器、电流传感器及BMS电池系统中的一种或多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述配电盒(50)为密封结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述顶盖(10)包括第一换热件(12)与第二换热件(13)，所述第一换热件(12)与所述第二换热件(13)连接以形成所述换热流道(11)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，所述第二换热件(13)远离所述第一换热件(12)凹陷以形成所述换热流道(11)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其中，所述第一换热件(12)为平板，所述第二换热件(13)包括相互连接的第一子换热件(131)与第二子换热件(132)，所述第一子换热件(131)相对于所述第二子换热件(132)向背离所述第一换热件(12)的方向凹陷；所述第一子换热件(131)与所述第一换热件(12)之间形成所述换热流道(11)，所述第二子换热件(132)与所述第一换热件(12)贴合；
    所述电池单体(20)与所述第一换热件(12)背离所述第二换热件(13)的一侧连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其中，所述换热流道(11)包括多个相互连通的子流道；
    所述第二换热件(13)包括多个第一子换热件(131)及多个第二子换热件(132)，每个所述第一子换热件(131)与所述第一换热件(12)之间形成一个所述子流道。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，所述第一换热件(12)及所述第二换热件(13)的厚度均为0.6mm-3mm。
  9. 根据权利要求4-8任一项所述的电池，其中，在所述顶盖(10)的厚度方向(Z)上，所述换热流道(11)的深度为所述第一换热件(12)的厚度的1倍-3倍；和/或
    所述换热流道(11)的深度为2mm-7mm。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，所述第一换热件(12)与所述第二换热件(13)焊接或粘接固定。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的电池，其中，所述第一换热件(12)所选用的材质为钢或铝；和/或所述第二换热件(13)所选用的材质为钢或铝。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其中，所述电池还包括边框(30)及底盖(40)，所述边框(30)的两端分别形成顶端开口与底端开口，所述顶盖(10)安装于所述边框(30) 的顶部以封闭所述顶端开口，所述底盖(40)安装于所述边框(30)的底部以封闭所述底端开口，所述顶盖(10)、所述边框(30)及所述底盖(40)界定形成容纳空间；
    所述电池单体(20)容纳至所述容纳空间内。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述边框(30)包括框体(31)及支撑梁(32)，所述支撑梁(32)与所述框体(31)连接，所述框体(31)及所述支撑梁(32)共同形成所述顶端开口，所述支撑梁(32)支撑设于所述顶盖(10)的下方。
  14. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求1-13任一项所述的电池。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的用电装置，其中，所述用电装置为车辆(1000)，所述顶盖(10)为所述车辆(1000)的地板，所述第二换热件(13)背离所述第一换热件(12)的一侧面向所述车辆(1000)的乘客舱设置。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的用电装置，其中，所述配电盒(50)位于所述车辆(1000)的后方座椅的正下方或者后方。
PCT/CN2022/113962 2022-08-22 2022-08-22 电池及用电装置 WO2024040392A1 (zh)

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CN210984802U (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-07-10 比亚迪股份有限公司 电池包结构及车辆
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CN216389574U (zh) * 2021-11-26 2022-04-26 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 电池的箱体、电池、用电装置
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN210984802U (zh) * 2019-11-29 2020-07-10 比亚迪股份有限公司 电池包结构及车辆
CN111987261A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-11-24 重庆金康赛力斯新能源汽车设计院有限公司 一种集成动力电池的上盖
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