WO2024039321A1 - Improving the performance of reinforced concrete road joints using circular or ellipsoid dowel bar reinforcement - Google Patents
Improving the performance of reinforced concrete road joints using circular or ellipsoid dowel bar reinforcement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024039321A1 WO2024039321A1 PCT/TR2022/051706 TR2022051706W WO2024039321A1 WO 2024039321 A1 WO2024039321 A1 WO 2024039321A1 TR 2022051706 W TR2022051706 W TR 2022051706W WO 2024039321 A1 WO2024039321 A1 WO 2024039321A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dowel bar
- bar reinforcement
- concrete
- reinforcement
- circular
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/02—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints
- E01C11/04—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints for cement concrete paving
- E01C11/14—Dowel assembly ; Design or construction of reinforcements in the area of joints
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement for joint reinforcement of reinforced concrete roads as an alternative to cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement for load transfer in joint areas.
- jointed concrete pavements reinforced dowel bar reinforcements are used to transfer traffic loads in the joint areas.
- Jointed concrete pavements are the most common type of rigid pavement used in the world and are pavements with joints every 3.5 to 6 and 7.5 to 9 meters to control cracking of the pavement.
- Joint concrete pavements typically do not use any reinforcing bars, but use cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement and tie bars for load transfer. The performance of the joint is critical to the service life of rigid pavements and Load Transfer Efficiency, LTE, is required to be greater than 75%.
- Cylinder dowel bar reinforcement is typically placed along transverse joints to aid load transfer between adjacent concrete slabs. Their connections are typically used in longitudinal transvers joints to keep adjacent strip concrete pavements in contact. There have been many studies on fiber-reinforced (FRP) dowel bar reinforcement materials, but the dowel bar reinforcements that are commonly used in rigid pavement applications are made of iron. Different type and size of cylinder dowel bar reinforcements are used in concrete pavements.
- FRP fiber-reinforced
- roller dowel bar reinforcement mainly transfers the wheel load as a dowel bar force between the pavement joints and the surrounding concrete.
- the primary advantage of roller cylinder dowel bar reinforcement in transverse joints is that it transfers the load without restricting the horizontal movement of the concrete slabs due to temperature, expansion and contraction.
- the dowel bar reinforcement is assumed to be frictionless and allows axial movement of the concrete pavement due to changes in average temperature. Restriction of the free movement of the concrete slabs on the dowel bar reinforcement can produce high tensile stresses, leading to cracking in the center of the slab.
- Dowel bar reinforcement helps to maintain the horizontal and vertical alignment of concrete pavements during temperature changes and heavy truck load. Dowel bar reinforcement can work well in both narrow and wide joints, and vertical movements at the edges of the pavement reduce faulting.
- LTE load transfer efficiency
- the dowel bar reinforcement used today causes cracking of the concrete around it.
- the most critical stresses around the dowel bar reinforcement, which provide load transfer in transverse joints, are the compressive bearing stress at the top and bottom of the dowel bar reinforcement and the tensile stresses on both sides of the dowel bar reinforcement.
- the stresses that occur between the concrete and the dowel bar reinforcement can cause voids and cracks at the contact points over time and therefore a reduction in the efficiency of load transfer. Concentrations of tensile and compressive stresses are concentrated at the first 1.5 cm and decreases shortly after this point in the concrete pavement.
- the invention is a heat preservation type, self-resetting, anticracking dowel bar reinforcement related.
- Dowel bar reinforcement an annular outer steel plate, an annular middle steel plate, an annular inner steel plate in the shape of an annulus.
- the annular outer steel plate, the annular middle steel plate and the annular inner steel plate are coaxial annular structures with the outer diameters reduced in turn.
- the annular outer steel plate and the annular middle steel plate are fixedly connected by foam concrete.
- a spring gap is formed between the annular middle steel plate and the inner steel plate to arrange a steel spring.
- the inventive dowel bar reinforcement is composed of an annular outer steel plate, an annular middle steel plate, an annular inner steel plate.
- the annular outer steel plate, the annular middle steel plate and the annular inner steel plate are coaxial annular structures with respectively reduced outer diameters.
- the invention relates to an apparatus for joining dowel bar reinforcement and a manufacturing method for ease of assembly.
- the apparatus of the present invention comprises a dowel comprising an annular bar and a central bar, and a support device comprising a fastener, a support unit and a connector.
- the dowel bar reinforcing bar is embedded in a concrete packing extension connection unit in a longitudinal direction to reduce compressive stress. It was developed to prevent uneven cracking of the surface due to expansion and contraction.
- the annular rod comprises a hollow part, formed by drawing a glass fiber reinforced plastic material having a glass fiber felt integrally attached to its inner perimeter and outer perimeter.
- the hollow part has an epoxy adhesive layer formed around the inner perimeter.
- the central rod is formed by drawing a glass fiber reinforced plastic material and inserted into it.
- the support device includes the fastener having a plurality of through holes according to a predetermined spacing. This allows both sides of the dowel bar reinforcement to be inserted into it.
- the support unit is formed in such a way that it is supported by allowing the fastener to be spaced from the floor. There is a first insertion groove on one side of the connector and a second insertion groove on the other side to allow the fastener and the support unit to intersect.
- the support device is made of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic material for supporting the dowel bar reinforcement bar when spaced apart from the ground.
- the inventive apparatus for preventing uneven cracking of the surface due to expansion and contraction comprises a dowel comprising an annular rod and a central rod, and a support device comprising a fastener, a support unit and a connector.
- the extra apparatus used in the invention comprises a complicated structure, while increasing maintenance costs.
- the present invention relates to a circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement for joint reinforcement of reinforced concrete roads as an alternative to cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement for load transfer in joint areas for joint reinforcement, which fulfills the above- mentioned requirements, eliminates all disadvantages and brings some additional advantages.
- the object of the invention is to provide a circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement having a larger surface area, so that it performs at least as well as existing cylindrical dowel bar reinforcements and significantly reduces the tensile stresses that cause cracking in concrete at the contact surfaces with the coating.
- the object of the invention is to reduce the stresses caused by vertical loads due to the dowel bar reinforcement having a larger cross-sectional area in the vertical direction compared to the cross-sectional area of standard cylindrical dowel bar reinforcements of the same weight, thereby preventing cracks in the concrete surrounding the dowel bar reinforcement, which has relatively low tensile strength.
- a further object of the invention is to eliminate the time and cost of repairing cracked concrete roads, as the dowel bar reinforcement prevents the formation of cracks in the concrete.
- Figure- 1 is a schematic overview of the dowel bar reinforcement
- Figure-2 is a schematic overview of the cross section of the dowel bar reinforcement used in the concrete road.
- the surface area of the dowel bar reinforcement (10) shown in Figure-1 is circular or ellipsoidal.
- the diameter (11) of the said dowel bar reinforcement (10), which constitutes the length of the said dowel bar reinforcement (10) in the horizontal axis in the concrete (20), is at least the same as the conventional cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement with LTE % load transfer efficiency, but different in size transversely and longitudinally of the dowel bar reinforcement (10) so as not to cause cracking in the surrounding concrete (20).
- the thickness (12) of the said dowel bar reinforcement (10) forming the depth of the dowel bar reinforcement (10) in the vertical axis in the concrete (20) is also such that the LTE % load transfer efficiency is at least the same as that of conventional cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement and does not cause cracking in the surrounding concrete (20).
- the diameter (11) running along the length of the inventive dowel bar reinforcement (10) is not the same at every point along its circumference due to the ellipsoidal form of the dowel bar reinforcement (10).
- the circular and ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement (10) with a larger surface area performs at least as well as the cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement used in the present art and significantly reduces the tensile stresses that cause cracking in the concrete (20) shown in figure-2 at the contact surfaces with the coating.
- Standard cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement has a smaller cross-sectional area from the top or in plan than circular or ellipsoidal reinforcement of the same weight but larger area. As it is known, an increase in cross-sectional area means a decrease in the stresses caused by vertical loads.
Abstract
The invention relates to dowel bar reinforcement (10) used for load transfer in joint areas for joint reinforcement in concrete roads (20), characterized in that the surface area is circular or ellipsoidal.
Description
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ROAD JOINTS USING CIRCULAR OR ELLIPSOID DOWEL BAR REINFORCEMENT
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement for joint reinforcement of reinforced concrete roads as an alternative to cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement for load transfer in joint areas.
Prior Art of the Invention
In jointed concrete pavements, reinforced dowel bar reinforcements are used to transfer traffic loads in the joint areas. Jointed concrete pavements are the most common type of rigid pavement used in the world and are pavements with joints every 3.5 to 6 and 7.5 to 9 meters to control cracking of the pavement. Joint concrete pavements (JPCP) typically do not use any reinforcing bars, but use cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement and tie bars for load transfer. The performance of the joint is critical to the service life of rigid pavements and Load Transfer Efficiency, LTE, is required to be greater than 75%.
Cylinder dowel bar reinforcement is typically placed along transverse joints to aid load transfer between adjacent concrete slabs. Their connections are typically used in longitudinal transvers joints to keep adjacent strip concrete pavements in contact. There have been many studies on fiber-reinforced (FRP) dowel bar reinforcement materials, but the dowel bar reinforcements that are commonly used in rigid pavement applications are made of iron. Different type and size of cylinder dowel bar reinforcements are used in concrete pavements.
During the load transfer process, roller dowel bar reinforcement mainly transfers the wheel load as a dowel bar force between the pavement joints and the surrounding concrete. The primary advantage of roller cylinder dowel bar reinforcement in transverse joints is that it transfers the load without restricting the horizontal movement of the concrete slabs due to temperature, expansion and contraction. The dowel bar reinforcement is assumed to be frictionless and allows axial movement of the concrete pavement due to changes in average temperature. Restriction of the free movement of the concrete slabs on the dowel bar reinforcement can produce high tensile stresses, leading to cracking in the center of the slab.
Dowel bar reinforcement helps to maintain the horizontal and vertical alignment of concrete pavements during temperature changes and heavy truck load. Dowel bar reinforcement can work well in both narrow and wide joints, and vertical movements at the edges of the pavement reduce faulting. They also help to maintain horizontal and vertical alignment of concrete pavements. The magnitude of the reduction in stress and deformation is related to the load transfer efficiency (LTE). As the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, AASHTO, states, pavement joints supported with dowel bar reinforcement have a longer service life than joints without dowel bar reinforcement.
In general, the maximum tensile stresses causing cracks in concrete pavements are observed at the edge under direct load or at the inner center or comer of the pavement. However, different studies have shown that the maximum compressive stresses are observed at the top, bottom and sides of the concrete around the dowel bar reinforcement. Cracking and faulting, the most common deterioration of rigid pavements, can occur much faster than expected after the concrete pavement has been placed in service. In general, cracks are of several types: transverse cracks, longitudinal cracks and cracks in joints. These cracks are caused by traffic, temperature changes, working conditions and improper placement of reinforcement in the joints.
The dowel bar reinforcement used today causes cracking of the concrete around it. The most critical stresses around the dowel bar reinforcement, which provide load transfer in transverse joints, are the compressive bearing stress at the top and bottom of the dowel bar reinforcement and the tensile stresses on both sides of the dowel bar reinforcement. The stresses that occur between the concrete and the dowel bar reinforcement can cause voids and cracks at the contact points over time and therefore a reduction in the efficiency of load transfer. Concentrations of tensile and compressive stresses are concentrated at the first 1.5 cm and decreases shortly after this point in the concrete pavement.
In order to prevent crack formation, many studies have been carried out and new dowel bar reinforcements have been developed. One of these studies is the invention subject to patent application CN111287044A. The invention is a heat preservation type, self-resetting, anticracking dowel bar reinforcement related. Dowel bar reinforcement, an annular outer steel plate, an annular middle steel plate, an annular inner steel plate in the shape of an annulus. The annular outer steel plate, the annular middle steel plate and the annular inner steel plate are coaxial annular structures with the outer diameters reduced in turn. The annular outer
steel plate and the annular middle steel plate are fixedly connected by foam concrete. A spring gap is formed between the annular middle steel plate and the inner steel plate to arrange a steel spring. One end of the steel spring is connected to the outer wall of the annular inner steel plate, and the other end of the steel spring is connected to the inner wall of the annular middle steel plate. The load and temperature changes of the round steel bars are buffered by foamed concrete. The phenomenon is that the amount of relaxation of the dowel bar reinforcement bar increases after stress concentration. The phenomenon is reduced by steel springs. The two phenomena complement each other and the catastrophic cost caused by the dowel bar reinforcement bar is reduced. The inventive dowel bar reinforcement is composed of an annular outer steel plate, an annular middle steel plate, an annular inner steel plate. The annular outer steel plate, the annular middle steel plate and the annular inner steel plate are coaxial annular structures with respectively reduced outer diameters. The extra apparatus used in the invention results in a complicated structure and increases maintenance costs.
Another study is the invention subject to patent application number KR101706191 Bl. The invention relates to an apparatus for joining dowel bar reinforcement and a manufacturing method for ease of assembly. The apparatus of the present invention comprises a dowel comprising an annular bar and a central bar, and a support device comprising a fastener, a support unit and a connector. The dowel bar reinforcing bar is embedded in a concrete packing extension connection unit in a longitudinal direction to reduce compressive stress. It was developed to prevent uneven cracking of the surface due to expansion and contraction. The annular rod comprises a hollow part, formed by drawing a glass fiber reinforced plastic material having a glass fiber felt integrally attached to its inner perimeter and outer perimeter. The hollow part has an epoxy adhesive layer formed around the inner perimeter. The central rod is formed by drawing a glass fiber reinforced plastic material and inserted into it. The support device includes the fastener having a plurality of through holes according to a predetermined spacing. This allows both sides of the dowel bar reinforcement to be inserted into it. The support unit is formed in such a way that it is supported by allowing the fastener to be spaced from the floor. There is a first insertion groove on one side of the connector and a second insertion groove on the other side to allow the fastener and the support unit to intersect. Furthermore, the support device is made of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic material for supporting the dowel bar reinforcement bar when spaced apart from the ground. The inventive apparatus for preventing uneven cracking of the surface due to
expansion and contraction comprises a dowel comprising an annular rod and a central rod, and a support device comprising a fastener, a support unit and a connector. The extra apparatus used in the invention comprises a complicated structure, while increasing maintenance costs.
As a result, the need for circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement that eliminates the disadvantages of the existing technique and the inadequacy of the existing solutions necessitated a development in the relevant technical field.
Brief Description of the Invention
The present invention relates to a circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement for joint reinforcement of reinforced concrete roads as an alternative to cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement for load transfer in joint areas for joint reinforcement, which fulfills the above- mentioned requirements, eliminates all disadvantages and brings some additional advantages.
Based on the state of the art, the object of the invention is to provide a circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement having a larger surface area, so that it performs at least as well as existing cylindrical dowel bar reinforcements and significantly reduces the tensile stresses that cause cracking in concrete at the contact surfaces with the coating.
The object of the invention is to reduce the stresses caused by vertical loads due to the dowel bar reinforcement having a larger cross-sectional area in the vertical direction compared to the cross-sectional area of standard cylindrical dowel bar reinforcements of the same weight, thereby preventing cracks in the concrete surrounding the dowel bar reinforcement, which has relatively low tensile strength.
A further object of the invention is to eliminate the time and cost of repairing cracked concrete roads, as the dowel bar reinforcement prevents the formation of cracks in the concrete.
The structural and characteristic features and all advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood by means of the figures given below and the detailed description written by making references to these figures, therefore, the evaluation should be made by considering these figures and detailed descriptions.
Brief Description of Figures
In order to best understand the structure of the present invention and its advantages with additional elements, it should be evaluated together with the figures described below.
Figure- 1 is a schematic overview of the dowel bar reinforcement,
Figure-2 is a schematic overview of the cross section of the dowel bar reinforcement used in the concrete road.
Reference Numbers
10. Dowel bar reinforcement
11. Diameter
12. Thickness
20. Concrete road
Detailed Description of the Invention
In this detailed description, the circular or ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement (10) developed as an alternative to the cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement used for load transfer in the joint zones for joint reinforcement in the concrete roads (20) of the invention is described only as an example for a better understanding of the subject matter and without any limiting effect.
The surface area of the dowel bar reinforcement (10) shown in Figure-1 is circular or ellipsoidal. The diameter (11) of the said dowel bar reinforcement (10), which constitutes the length of the said dowel bar reinforcement (10) in the horizontal axis in the concrete (20), is at least the same as the conventional cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement with LTE % load transfer efficiency, but different in size transversely and longitudinally of the dowel bar reinforcement (10) so as not to cause cracking in the surrounding concrete (20). The thickness (12) of the said dowel bar reinforcement (10) forming the depth of the dowel bar reinforcement (10) in the vertical axis in the concrete (20) is also such that the LTE % load
transfer efficiency is at least the same as that of conventional cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement and does not cause cracking in the surrounding concrete (20).
The diameter (11) running along the length of the inventive dowel bar reinforcement (10) is not the same at every point along its circumference due to the ellipsoidal form of the dowel bar reinforcement (10). The circular and ellipsoidal dowel bar reinforcement (10) with a larger surface area performs at least as well as the cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement used in the present art and significantly reduces the tensile stresses that cause cracking in the concrete (20) shown in figure-2 at the contact surfaces with the coating. Standard cylindrical dowel bar reinforcement has a smaller cross-sectional area from the top or in plan than circular or ellipsoidal reinforcement of the same weight but larger area. As it is known, an increase in cross-sectional area means a decrease in the stresses caused by vertical loads. Therefore, it means the formation of cracks in the concrete (20), which surrounds the cylinder dowel bar reinforcement and has relatively low tensile strength. In addition to this, when the application errors made in the field are added to this, the reinforced concrete (20) road cracks in a short time. Repair of cracked concrete (20) roads are both longer and costlier than asphalt roads.
Claims
1. Dowel bar reinforcement (10) used for load transfer in joint areas for joint reinforcement in concrete roads (20), characterized by a circular or ellipsoidal surface area. 2. Dowel bar reinforcement (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the dowel bar reinforcement (10) comprises a diameter (11) forming the length of the dowel bar reinforcement (10) in the horizontal axis in the concrete (20) to prevent cracking in the surrounding concrete (20).
3. Dowel bar reinforcement (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the dowel bar reinforcement (10) comprises different transverse and longitudinal diameters
(11) in the case of ellipsoidal form.
4. Dowel bar reinforcement (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a thickness (12) forming its depth in the vertical axis.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TR2022/012932 | 2022-08-16 | ||
| TR2022/012932A TR2022012932A2 (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | INCREASING PERFORMANCE IN CONCRETE ROAD JOINTS BY USING CIRCULAR OR ELIPSOIDAL SLIDING REINFORCEMENTS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024039321A1 true WO2024039321A1 (en) | 2024-02-22 |
Family
ID=84101295
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/TR2022/051706 WO2024039321A1 (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-12-30 | Improving the performance of reinforced concrete road joints using circular or ellipsoid dowel bar reinforcement |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TR (1) | TR2022012932A2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024039321A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050036835A1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-17 | Shaw Lee A. | Disk plate concrete dowel system |
| US20140020320A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Nigel K. Parkes | Leave-in-Place Concrete Formwork Combining Plate Dowels, Divider Plates, and/or Finishing, Armoring and/or Sealing Molding |
| CN206887684U (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-01-16 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of disc composite dowel bar for cement concrete pavement |
-
2022
- 2022-08-16 TR TR2022/012932A patent/TR2022012932A2/en unknown
- 2022-12-30 WO PCT/TR2022/051706 patent/WO2024039321A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050036835A1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-17 | Shaw Lee A. | Disk plate concrete dowel system |
| US20140020320A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Nigel K. Parkes | Leave-in-Place Concrete Formwork Combining Plate Dowels, Divider Plates, and/or Finishing, Armoring and/or Sealing Molding |
| CN206887684U (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2018-01-16 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of disc composite dowel bar for cement concrete pavement |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| MOUMOUNI A.H.: "Investigation of Cylinder, Circular and Elipsoidal Dowel Bar Reinforcement", PERFORMANCE IN CONCRETE ROAD JOINTS, 10 January 2022 (2022-01-10) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR2022012932A2 (en) | 2022-08-22 |
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