WO2024038632A1

WO2024038632A1 - Shock wave generating device

Info

Publication number: WO2024038632A1
Application number: PCT/JP2023/006517
Authority: WO
Inventors: 公宣戸貝; 敏彦齋藤; 啓祐吉田; 智晃井上; 幸人奥田
Original assignee: 三菱重工業株式会社
Priority date: 2022-08-17
Filing date: 2023-02-22
Publication date: 2024-02-22
Also published as: JP2024027347A

Abstract

This shock wave generating device comprises: a combustion device provided with a gas passage through which a combustion gas flows from a base end to a tip end, and provided with an opening portion at the tip end; a flammable gas supply device for supplying a flammable gas into the combustion device from the base end; an ignition device for igniting the flammable gas supplied into the combustion device; a flame generation timing detecting sensor for detecting a generation timing of a flame resulting from combustion of the flammable gas; and a determining device for determining autoignition of the flammable gas prior to ignition by the ignition device on the basis of a detection result from the flame generation timing detecting sensor.

Description

shock wave generator

The present disclosure relates to a shock wave generation device for generating shock waves due to detonation.

For example, in garbage incinerators, integrated coal gasification combined cycle facilities (IGCC), power generation boilers, etc., dust contained in exhaust gas adheres to the inner wall surface of the furnace, the outer surface of the heat transfer tube, etc. Dust that adheres to the inner wall surface of the furnace, the outer surface of the heat exchanger tubes, etc. reduces the heat transfer coefficient, worsening the heat recovery efficiency, and acts as a resistance to the flow of exhaust gas, reducing the performance of the furnace. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically remove dust adhering to the inner wall of the furnace and the outer surface of the heat exchanger tubes using a dust removal device.

The dust removal device has a shock wave generation device. A shock wave generation device generates a shock wave by detonation in which the propagation speed of flame exceeds the speed of sound by burning fuel. The dust removal device removes dust using shock waves generated by the shock wave generation device. As such a conventional shock wave generation device, there is one described in the following patent documents.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-205120 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-106826

A conventional shock wave generation device ignites a mixture of fuel and an oxidizer, and when the mixture burns, it generates a shock wave due to a detonation. At this time, depending on the type of combustion, a detonation wave may not be generated, but a deflagration wave may result, and for example, there is a possibility that dust cannot be appropriately removed. Furthermore, the air-fuel mixture may self-ignite before it ignites, causing flashback. Therefore, the shock wave generation device needs to determine whether or not detonation is occurring properly.

The present disclosure solves the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a shock wave generation device that can determine the combustion state of fuel.

A shock wave generating device of the present disclosure for achieving the above object includes a combustion device in which a gas passage through which combustion gas flows from a base end to a distal end and an opening is provided in the distal end; A combustible gas supply device that supplies flammable gas from the base end to the inside, an ignition device that ignites the combustible gas supplied to the combustion device, and detects the timing of flame generation due to combustion of the flammable gas. It includes a flame generation timing detection sensor, and a determination device that determines self-ignition of the combustible gas before ignition by the ignition device based on the detection result of the flame generation timing detection sensor.

According to the shock wave generation device of the present disclosure, the combustion state of fuel can be determined.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a shock wave generation device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the mounting structure of the optical sensor. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a modification of the optical sensor mounting structure. FIG. 4 is a time chart for explaining a method of detecting detonation, deflagration, and flashback. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the combustion state of fuel by the shock wave generating device. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the intensity of detonation in the shock wave generation device of the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a shock wave generation device according to the third embodiment. FIG. 8 is a time chart for explaining a method for detecting detonation, deflagration, and flashback.

Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to this embodiment, and if there are multiple embodiments, the present disclosure also includes a configuration in which each embodiment is combined. In addition, the components in the embodiments include those that can be easily imagined by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that are in the so-called equivalent range.

[First embodiment]
<Shock wave generator>
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a shock wave generation device according to a first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the shock wave generation device 10 of the first embodiment is applied to the inner wall surface of a furnace such as a garbage incinerator, a combined coal gasification combined cycle facility, a power generation boiler (hereinafter referred to as a boiler), and a heat exchanger tube. It is applied to dust removal equipment that removes dust that adheres to external surfaces. Incidentally, a furnace consists of a wall that surrounds the combustion field of the boiler, and the dust removal device removes dust that adheres to the inner wall surface of the wall that continues to the upper and lower parts of the furnace. be able to. The dust removal device supplies flammable gas into the furnace through a pipe communicating with the inside of the furnace, and ignites the flammable gas to generate a shock wave S due to detonation. That is, when combustible gas burns, a detonation wave, which is a combination of flame and shock wave, propagates, and when the combustible gas runs out, it propagates as a shock wave. The dust removal device blows away adhering dust by applying a shock wave S caused by the detonation to the inner wall of the furnace and the outer surface of the heat exchanger tube.

The shock wave generation device 10 is installed in the dust removal device, and generates a shock wave S by detonation caused by combustion of fuel when the dust removal device is activated while the boiler is stopped.

The shock wave generation device 10 includes a combustion device 11, a combustible gas supply device 12, an ignition device 13, a flame generation timing detection sensor 14, a control device (determination device) 15, and an alarm device 16.

The combustion device 11 has a gas passage 21 through which combustion gas flows from the base end to the distal end. Combustion device 11 has a detonator 22 and a combustor 23. The gas passage 21 includes a first passage 24 provided inside the detonator 22 and a second passage 25 provided inside the combustor 23.

The detonator 22 has a cylindrical shape, with a proximal end 22a closed and a distal end 22b open. The detonator 22 is provided with a first passage 24 having a predetermined length inside. The combustible gas supply device 12 is connected to the base end 22a of the detonator 22. The combustor 23 has a cylindrical shape, a base end 23a is connected to and communicates with a tip 22b of the detonator 22, and the tip 23b is open to form an opening 23c. The gas passage 21 of the detonator 22 and the second passage 25 of the combustor 23 are concentric. However, the gas passage 21 of the detonator 22 and the second passage 25 of the combustor 23 may not be concentric and may have different shapes. The combustor 23 is provided with a second passage 25 having a predetermined length inside. The second passage 25 of the combustor 23 has a larger diameter than the first passage 24 of the squib 22 . In the combustor 23, the second passage 25 has the same diameter from the base end 23a to the distal end 22b, but the distal end 22b may have a larger diameter than the base end 23a. The combustor 23 has an opening 23c at a tip 23b communicating with an internal space 103 defined by a furnace wall 102 of the furnace 101.

The combustible gas supply device 12 includes a fuel supply section 31 and an oxidizer supply section 41. The fuel supply section 31 supplies fuel F. The oxidizing agent supply unit 41 supplies oxygen or air as the oxidizing agent A. The combustible gas supply device 12 supplies a mixture of the fuel F supplied by the fuel supply unit 31 and the oxidizer A supplied by the oxidizer supply unit 41 to the inside of the combustion device 11 from the base end of the combustion device 11 as a combustible gas M. supply to.

The fuel supply section 31 includes a fuel supply path 32, a fuel cylinder 33, a pressure reducing valve 34, a mass flow controller 35, a safety device 36, a fuel supply valve 37, and a check valve 38. A fuel cylinder 33 is connected to the upstream end of the fuel supply path 32, and a pressure reducing valve 34, a mass flow controller 35, a safety device 36, a fuel supply valve 37, and a check valve 38 are provided toward the downstream side. The fuel cylinder 33 stores fuel F. The pressure reducing valve 34 reduces the pressure of the fuel F in the fuel cylinder 33 and adjusts the pressure of the supplied fuel F. The mass flow controller 35 measures the mass flow rate of the fuel F, compares the measured mass flow rate of the fuel F with a preset value of the fuel F, and controls the flow rate so that the mass flow rate of the fuel F becomes the set value. Adjust the valve opening. The safety device 36 prevents backfire. The fuel supply valve 37 is an on-off valve, supplies fuel F when opened, and stops supplying fuel F when closed. The check valve 38 prevents backflow of the fuel F and combustible gas M to the upstream side.

The oxidizing agent supply section 41 includes an oxidizing agent supply path 42 , an oxidizing agent cylinder 43 , a pressure reducing valve 44 , a mass flow controller 45 , a safety device 46 , an oxidizing agent supply valve 47 , and a check valve 48 . The oxidizing agent supply path 42 has an oxidizing agent cylinder 43 connected to its upstream end, and is provided with a pressure reducing valve 44, a mass flow controller 45, a safety device 46, an oxidizing agent supply valve 47, and a check valve 48 toward the downstream side. The oxidizing agent cylinder 43 stores the oxidizing agent A. The pressure reducing valve 44 reduces the pressure of the oxidizing agent A in the oxidizing agent cylinder 43 and adjusts the pressure of the oxidizing agent A to be supplied. The mass flow controller 45 measures the mass flow rate of the oxidizing agent A, compares the measured mass flow rate of the oxidizing agent A with a preset value of the oxidizing agent A, and the mass flow rate of the oxidizing agent A becomes the set value. Adjust the opening of the flow control valve as follows. The safety device 46 prevents backfire. The oxidizing agent supply valve 47 is an on-off valve that supplies oxidizing agent A when opened and stops supplying oxidizing agent A when closed. The check valve 48 prevents backflow of the oxidizing agent A and the combustible gas M to the upstream side.

The downstream ends of the fuel supply route 32 and the oxidizer supply route 42 are connected to the upstream end of the combustible gas supply route 52 via a cross joint 51, and the combustible gas supply route 52 has a downstream end connected to the detonator. The base end 22a of 22 is connected to the base end 22a. Further, the purge gas path 53 has an upstream end connected to a blower 54 and a downstream end connected to the cross joint 51. The purge gas path 53 is provided with a purge gas supply valve 55 . The cross joint 51 connects the fuel supply path 32, the oxidizer supply path 42, the combustible gas supply path 52, and the purge gas path 53. The blower 54 supplies purge gas (eg, air, inert gas, etc.) P to the combustible gas supply path 52. The purge gas supply valve 55 is an on-off valve, supplies purge gas P when opened, and stops supplying purge gas P when closed.

The ignition device 13 ignites the combustible gas M supplied to the detonator 22 in the combustion device 11. The ignition device 13 is provided at the base end 22a of the detonator 22.

The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 detects the generation timing of the flame C due to combustion of the combustible gas M. The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 is provided at the base end 23a of the combustor 23 in the combustion device 11. The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 is disposed facing the opening 23c from the base end 23a of the combustor 23, and has a sensor area 14a having a predetermined angle.

The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 is preferably an optical sensor that detects light emitted from the flame C generated in the combustor 23. As the optical sensor, an ultraviolet light detection sensor is preferable. Flames emit electromagnetic waves at infrared (IR), visible, and ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. However, since infrared rays and visible rays are emitted from sources other than flame C, by using an ultraviolet light detection sensor, insensitivity to infrared rays and visible rays is detected, and the ultraviolet rays are detected to detect pure flame C. Detect only the signal. In particular, by selectively detecting short-wavelength ultraviolet light (for example, the wavelength 100 nm to 315 nm, which is difficult to reach the ground as a component of sunlight due to atmospheric absorption, especially the solar blind region of 100 nm to 280 nm, which hardly reaches the ground). , to prevent erroneous detection of external sunlight.

However, the optical sensor is not limited to an ultraviolet light detection sensor. For example, a photodiode, a phototube, or the like may be used as the optical sensor.

The control device 15 is connected to the ignition device 13, the flame generation timing detection sensor 14, the mass flow controller 35, the fuel supply valve 37, the mass flow controller 45, the oxidizing agent supply valve 47, and the purge gas supply valve 55.

The control device 15 can control the timing of ignition of the combustible gas M by the ignition device 13. The control device 15 receives the detection results of the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 as input. The control device 15 can adjust and control the mass flow controller 35 and the mass flow controller 45. The control device 15 is capable of controlling the opening and closing of the fuel supply valve 37, the oxidizer supply valve 47, and the purge gas supply valve 55.

Additionally, the control device 15 functions as a determination device. That is, the control device 15 determines self-ignition of the combustible gas M before ignition by the ignition device 13 based on the detection result of the flame generation timing detection sensor 14. Further, the control device 15 determines whether the detonation is a detonation or a deflagration based on the propagation speed of the flame C detected by the flame generation timing detection sensor 14.

When the control device 15 determines that the combustible gas M is self-ignited, the control device 15 controls the combustible gas supply device 12 to stop supplying the combustible gas M to the combustion device 11. That is, the control device 15 closes the fuel supply valve 37 and the oxidizer supply valve 47. Further, when the control device 15 determines that the combustible gas M is self-ignited, the control device 15 supplies the purge gas P to the inside of the combustion device 11 . That is, the control device 15 closes the fuel supply valve 37 and the oxidizer supply valve 47, and then opens the purge gas supply valve 55.

An alarm device 16 is connected to the control device 15. The control device 15 can operate and control the alarm device 16. When the control device 15 determines that the combustible gas M has self-ignited or deflagrated, it activates the alarm device 16.

Here, the control device 15 is a controller, and for example, various programs stored in a storage section are executed by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an MPU (Micro Processing Unit) using a RAM as a work area. Realized.

<Optical sensor mounting structure>
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the mounting structure of the optical sensor.

As shown in FIG. 2, the combustor 23 is provided with an optical window 62 on the wall 61 on the base end 23a side. An optical sensor serving as the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 is arranged outside the wall portion 61 of the combustor 23 so as to cover the optical window 62. In the flame generation timing detection sensor 14, a sensor area 14a having a predetermined angle is set through an optical window 62. The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 detects light emitted from the flame C through the optical window 62. Note that the optical window 62 may be transparent and may have filtering performance to extract only light of a specific wavelength (for example, ultraviolet light). Further, the optical window 62 may be provided with a mechanism for ejecting purge gas to the inner surface to ensure visibility and cooling performance.

Note that the mounting structure of the optical sensor is not limited to that described above. FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a modification of the optical sensor mounting structure.

As shown in FIG. 3, the combustor 23 is provided with an optical window 62 on the wall 61 on the base end 23a side. An optical sensor serving as the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 is arranged at a predetermined position apart from the combustor 23. An optical fiber 63 is provided between the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 and the optical window 62. One end of the optical fiber 63 is connected to the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 , and the other end is attached by a mounting member 64 to the outside of the wall 61 of the combustor 23 so as to face the optical window 62 . In the flame generation timing detection sensor 14, a sensor area 14a having a predetermined angle is set via an optical fiber 63 and an optical window 62. The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 detects light emitted from the flame C through the optical window 62 using the optical fiber 63.

<How to detect detonation, deflagration, and flashback>
FIG. 4 is a time chart for explaining a method of detecting detonation, deflagration, and flashback.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the combustible gas supply device 12 fills the detonator 22 by supplying a flammable gas M in which fuel and an oxidizer are mixed by a fuel supply section 31 and an oxidizer supply section 41. do. Then, at time t2, the ignition device 13 is activated to ignite the combustible gas M in the detonator 22. Then, the combustible gas M is ignited while flowing through the first passage 24 of the detonator 22, and burns so that the flame C spreads from the base end 22a to the tip 22b. Then, when the flame C of the detonator 22 reaches the combustor 23, the flame C burns so as to spread from the base end 23a through the second passage 25 to the tip 23b, and a shock wave S is generated by the detonation.

The control device 15 determines detonation, deflagration, and backfire (self-ignition) based on the generation timing (propagation velocity) of the flame C detected by the flame generation timing detection sensor 14. The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 is an optical sensor that detects flame C (for example, ultraviolet light). In the flame generation timing detection sensor 14, the pulse is turned ON when the flame C is generated, and the pulse is turned OFF when the flame C is extinguished. Therefore, the control device 15 calculates the pulse length τd, which is the time during which the flame C was generated from the time of flame generation (pulse ON) detected by the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 to the time of flame extinction (pulse OFF). The pulse length τd is inversely proportional to the propagation speed of the flame C. The control device 15 determines the combustion state of the fuel (combustible gas M) based on the pulse length τd (propagation speed of the flame C) during the generation period of the flame C.

When the fuel burns, it becomes a deflagration or a detonation depending on the propagation speed of the flame C. When the propagation speed of the flame C is less than the speed of sound, it becomes a deflagration, and when the propagation speed of the flame C exceeds the speed of sound, it becomes a detonation and a shock wave S is generated. When the explosion occurs, a shock wave S is generated. Here, a threshold value τt corresponding to the propagation speed of the flame C is set between the deflagration and the detonation. The threshold value τt depending on the propagation speed between the deflagration and the detonation is, for example, a pulse length depending on the propagation speed of 1000 m/s. That is, when the calculated pulse length τd is less than or equal to the threshold value τt, it is a detonation, and when the pulse length τd (propagation speed of the flame C) exceeds the threshold value τt, it is a deflagration. Generally, the propagation speed of the shock wave S due to the detonation (the propagation speed of the flame C) is 1000 m/s or more, so the pulse length τd becomes short.

Therefore, the control device 15 determines that it is a detonation when the pulse length τd is less than or equal to the threshold value τt, and determines that it is a deflagration when the pulse length τd (propagation speed of the flame C) exceeds the threshold value τt. . That is, when the pulse is turned ON at time t3 and turned OFF at time t4, the control device 15 determines that it is a detonation because the pulse length τd is equal to or less than the threshold value τt. On the other hand, when the pulse is turned ON at time t3 and turned OFF at time t6, the pulse length τd exceeds the threshold value τt, so the control device 15 determines that there is a deflagration.

Furthermore, during operation of the boiler, the combustible gas M filled in the combustor 23 may self-ignite due to heat in the exhaust gas rising in the internal space 103 of the furnace 101. The control device 15 determines flashback due to self-ignition based on the generation timing of the flame C detected by the flame generation timing detection sensor 14. That is, at time t2, the ignition device 13 is activated and the combustible gas M in the detonator 22 is ignited, and then the combustible gas M is ignited and a shock wave S is generated by a detonation. However, when the combustible gas M filled in the combustor 23 self-ignites, the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 detects the flame C before the ignition device 13 is activated. When the ignition device 13 operates to ignite the combustible gas M at time t2, if backfire (self-ignition) occurs, the pulse is turned ON at time t1, which is a time Ta before time t2, and at time t5. Then, the pulse turns OFF. The control device 15 determines that there is a backfire when the pulse is turned on at time t1, which is before time t2 when the ignition device 13 is activated.

When the control device 15 determines that there is a detonation, the combustion device 11 is performing normal combustion. Therefore, the control device 15 controls the combustion device 11 and the combustible gas supply device 12 by the same control at the next operation timing. and activates the ignition device 13.

On the other hand, if the control device 15 determines that there is deflagration, the combustion device 11 will control the combustion device 11 and the combustible gas supply device 12 by different control at the next operation timing. Activate the ignition device 13. That is, the control device 15 adjusts the mixing ratio of fuel and oxidizer in the combustible gas M generated by the combustible gas supply device 12, for example.

Further, when the control device 15 determines that there is a backfire, the combustion device 11 stops the supply of the combustible gas M to the combustion device 11 by the combustible gas supply device 12 because the combustion is abnormal. do. Then, by supplying the purge gas P to the combustion device 11, the progress of flashback is suppressed.

<Fuel combustion state determination method>
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the combustion state of fuel by the shock wave generating device.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, in step S11, the control device 15 closes the purge gas supply valve 55 and stops supplying the purge gas P to the combustion device 11. In step S12, the control device 15 opens the fuel supply valve 37 to start supplying the fuel F, and opens the oxidizing agent supply valve 47 to start supplying the oxidizing agent A. Then, combustible gas M in which fuel F and oxidizer A are mixed is supplied to the detonator 22 of the combustion device 11 .

In step S13, the control device 15 determines whether the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 has detected a pulse (ON) that is generated with flame generation. Here, if the control device 15 determines that the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 has detected the pulse (ON) (Yes), in step S14, the control device 15 determines that a backfire has occurred, and in step S15 , it is determined that there is abnormal combustion in the combustion device 11. That is, since the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 detected the flame C generated in the combustor 23 even before the ignition device 13 was activated, the control device 15 determines that this is abnormal combustion in which backfire has occurred. Then, in step S16, the alarm device 16 is activated. In step S17, the supply of combustible gas M to the combustion device 11 is stopped, and in step S18, the purge gas P is supplied to the combustion device 11.

On the other hand, if the control device 15 determines in step S13 that the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 has not detected the pulse (ON) (No), the process proceeds to step S19. In step S19, the control device 15 determines whether a predetermined elapsed time set in advance has elapsed since the combustible gas M was supplied to the detonator 22. Here, the elapsed time is the time until a predetermined amount of combustible gas M is filled into the detonator 22 and the combustor 23 in the combustion device 11. When the control device 15 determines that the predetermined elapsed time has not elapsed (NO), the process returns to step S13.

On the other hand, if the control device 15 determines that the predetermined elapsed time has elapsed (Yes), in step S20, the control device 15 closes the fuel supply valve 37 to stop the supply of the fuel F, and also The supply valve 47 is closed to stop the supply of oxidizing agent A. Then, the supply of flammable gas M to the detonator 22 of the combustion device 11 is stopped. Then, in step S21, the control device 15 operates the ignition device 13 to ignite the combustible gas M filled in the detonator 22. Then, the combustible gas M is ignited while flowing through the first passage 24 of the detonator 22, and burns so that the flame C spreads from the base end 22a to the tip 22b. When the flame C of the detonator 22 reaches the combustor 23, the flame C is combusted so as to spread from the base end 23a through the second passage 25 to the tip 23b.

In step S22, the control device 15 determines whether the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 has detected a pulse (ON) that is generated with flame generation. Here, if the control device 15 determines that the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 has not detected the pulse (ON) (No), in step S31, the control device 15 determines that the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 has not detected the pulse (ON). It is determined whether or not a predetermined waiting time has elapsed. Here, if the control device 15 determines that the waiting time has not elapsed (No), it remains on standby. However, if the control device 15 determines that the waiting time has elapsed (Yes), in step S32, the control device 15 estimates that the ignition device 13 has failed to ignite the combustible gas M, and in step S33, Activate the alarm device 16.

On the other hand, when the control device 15 determines that the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 has detected the pulse (ON) (Yes), in step S23, the control device 15 determines that the detected pulse length τd is equal to or less than the threshold value τt. Determine whether it exists or not. Here, if the control device 15 determines that the detected pulse length τd is not equal to or less than the threshold value τt (No), the control device 15 determines that deflagration has occurred in step S24, and in step S25 , it is determined that there is abnormal combustion in the combustion device 11. Then, in step S26, the alarm device 16 is activated. In step S27, the mixture ratio of fuel F and oxidizer A in the combustible gas M supplied to the combustion device 11 is adjusted.

On the other hand, if the control device 15 determines in step S23 that the detected pulse length τd is equal to or less than the threshold value τt (Yes), the control device 15 determines that a detonation has occurred in step S28. , in step S29, it is determined that the combustion device 11 is performing normal combustion.

[Second embodiment]
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining the intensity of detonation in the shock wave generation device of the second embodiment. The basic configuration of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and will be explained using FIG. Reference numerals are given and detailed explanations are omitted.

As shown in FIG. 1, the shock wave generation device 10 includes a combustion device 11, a flammable gas supply device 12, an ignition device 13, a flame generation timing detection sensor 14, a control device (determination device) 15, and an alarm device. 16.

The control device 15 functions as a determination device, and determines detonation, deflagration, and backfire (self-ignition) based on the detection results of the flame generation timing detection sensor 14. Then, when the control device 15 determines that there is a detonation based on the detection result of the flame generation timing detection sensor 14, the control device 15 estimates the intensity of the detonation wave based on the propagation speed of the flame.

The intensity of the detonation is determined by the generation time of the flame C generated in the combustor 23, that is, the pulse length τd from when the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 detects the flame C and the pulse turns ON until the pulse turns OFF. Estimated according to. That is, the intensity of the flame detonation changes depending on the amount of combustible gas M supplied to the combustor 23. Therefore, it can be estimated that the intensity of the detonation is higher as the pulse length τd is less than or equal to the threshold value τt and the pulse length τd is longer.

As shown in FIG. 6, when determining a detonation, when the pulse length τd of the shock wave S (flame) is specified to be less than or equal to the threshold value τt, the maximum shock wave with the highest intensity is determined by the pulse length τd=threshold value. This is when the value τt. For example, when the pulse length τd is a pulse length τd1 shorter than 1/2 of the threshold value τt, the first shock wave has a low intensity. On the other hand, when the pulse length τd is a pulse length τd2 that is longer than 1/2 of the threshold value τt, the second shock wave has a high intensity. Note that the threshold value τt is set in consideration of a margin.

As shown in FIG. 1, the control device 15 controls the combustible gas supply device 12 based on the intensity of the detonation (shock wave S) estimated from the pulse length τd of the shock wave S. For example, the control device 15 may increase or decrease the amount of combustible gas M filled into the combustion device 11 or change the mixing ratio of fuel F and oxidizer A in the combustible gas M based on the intensity of the detonation (shock wave S). Make adjustments. Therefore, the intensity of the shock wave S can be set to the optimum intensity according to the volume of the furnace 101.

[Third embodiment]
FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a shock wave generation device according to the third embodiment. Note that members having the same functions as those in the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, the shock wave generation device 10A includes a combustion device 11, a combustible gas supply device 12, an ignition device 13, flame generation

timing detection sensors

14A, 14B, a control device (determination device) 15, An alarm device 16 is provided. The combustion device 11, the combustible gas supply device 12, the ignition device 13, the control device 15, and the alarm device 16 have substantially the same configuration as in the first embodiment.

The first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B detect the generation timing of the flame C due to combustion of the combustible gas M. A plurality of flame generation timing detection sensors 14A and a plurality of second flame generation timing detection sensors 14B (two in this embodiment) are arranged at intervals in the gas flow direction of the combustor 23 in the combustion device 11. The flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B are arranged to face a direction intersecting the flow direction of the combustible gas M or flame C (shock wave S) in the second passage 25 of the combustor 23. . The flame generation timing detection sensor 14A is arranged on the upstream side of the second passage 25, and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B is arranged on the upstream side of the second passage 25. The first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B detect flames at two locations in the second passage 25 of the combustor 23 in different gas flow directions. Note that the first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B are optical sensors that detect light emission from the flame C generated in the combustor 23, and the detection method is the same as in the first embodiment. It is.

FIG. 8 is a time chart for explaining a method for detecting detonation, deflagration, and flashback.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the combustible gas supply device 12 fills the detonator 22 by supplying a combustible gas M in which fuel and an oxidizer are mixed by a fuel supply section 31 and an oxidizer supply section 41. do. Then, at time t2, the ignition device 13 is activated to ignite the combustible gas M in the detonator 22. Then, the combustible gas M is ignited while flowing through the first passage 24 of the detonator 22, and burns so that the flame C spreads from the base end 22a to the tip 22b. Then, when the flame C of the detonator 22 reaches the combustor 23, the flame C burns so as to spread from the base end 23a through the second passage 25 to the tip 23b, and a shock wave S is generated by the detonation.

The control device 15 determines detonation, deflagration, and backfire (self-ignition) based on the generation timing (propagation speed) of the flame C detected by the first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B. do. The first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B are optical sensors that detect flame C (for example, ultraviolet light). In the first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B, the pulse is turned ON when the flame C is generated, and the pulse is turned OFF when the flame C is extinguished. When the fuel burns, it results in a deflagration or detonation depending on the propagation speed of the flame C. When the propagation speed of the flame C is less than the speed of sound, it becomes a deflagration, and when the propagation speed of the flame C exceeds the speed of sound, it becomes a detonation and a shock wave S is generated.

The first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B are arranged a distance L apart from each other in the gas flow direction of the second passage 25. Therefore, a time difference Δt occurs between the flame detection timing (pulse ON) by the first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A and the flame detection timing (pulse ON) by the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B. The time difference Δt is inversely proportional to the propagation speed of the flame C. The control device 15 determines the combustion state of the fuel (combustible gas M) based on the time difference Δt of the shock wave S (propagation speed of the flame C).

Here, a threshold value Vt of the propagation speed of the flame C is set between deflagration and detonation. The threshold value Vt of the propagation velocity between deflagration and detonation is, for example, a propagation velocity of 1000 m/s. In other words, when the propagation speed L/Δt calculated from the distance L and the calculated time difference Δt is equal to or higher than the threshold value Vt, it is a detonation, and when the propagation velocity L/Δt is less than the threshold value Vt, it is a deflagration. .

Therefore, the control device 15 determines that it is a detonation when the propagation speed L/Δt is equal to or higher than the threshold value Vt, and determines that it is a deflagration when the propagation speed L/Δt is less than the threshold value Vt. In other words, when the pulse of the first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A turns ON at time t3, and the pulse of the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B turns ON at time t4, the time difference Δt1 becomes short, and the propagation speed L/Δt1 decreases. Since it is equal to or higher than the threshold value Vt, the control device 15 determines that it is a detonation. On the other hand, when the pulse of the first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A turns ON at time t3 and the pulse of the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B turns ON at time t5, the time difference Δt2 becomes long, and the propagation speed L/Δt2 increases. Since it is less than the threshold value Vt, the control device 15 determines that it is a deflagration.

Furthermore, during operation of the boiler, the combustible gas M filled in the combustor 23 may self-ignite due to heat in the exhaust gas rising in the internal space 103 of the furnace 101. The control device 15 determines flashback due to self-ignition based on the generation timing of the flame C detected by the first flame generation timing detection sensor 14A or the second flame generation timing detection sensor 14B. That is, at time t2, when the ignition device 13 is activated and the combustible gas M in the detonator 22 is ignited, the combustible gas M is ignited and a shock wave S is generated by a detonation. However, when the combustible gas M filled in the combustor 23 self-ignites, the flame generation

timing detection sensors

14 and 14B detect the flame C before the ignition device 13 is activated. When the ignition device 13 operates to ignite the combustible gas M at time t2, if backfire (self-ignition) occurs, the pulse is turned ON at time t1, which is a time Ta before time t2, and at time t4. Then, the pulse turns OFF. The control device 15 determines that there is a backfire when the pulse is turned on at time t1, which is before time t2 when the ignition device 13 is activated.

The method of determining the combustion state of fuel by the shock wave generating device 10A of the third embodiment is almost the same as that of the first embodiment, so the explanation will be omitted.

Note that in the third embodiment, the positions of the flame generation

timing detection sensors

14 and 14B are changed from those in the first embodiment. However, the flame generation

timing detection sensors

14 and 14B of the third embodiment may be added to the flame generation timing detection sensor 14 of the first embodiment. In this case, detonation can be determined with higher accuracy.

[Actions and effects of this embodiment]
The shock wave generating device according to the first aspect includes a combustion device 11 in which a gas passage 21 through which combustion gas flows from a base end to a tip end is provided and an opening is provided in the front end, and a combustion device 11 in which combustion gas flows from the base end to the inside. A combustible gas supply device 12 that supplies combustible gas M, an ignition device 13 that ignites combustible gas M supplied to combustion device 11, and a flame that detects the timing of generation of flame C due to combustion of combustible gas M. A control device (determination device) that determines self-ignition of the combustible gas M before ignition by the ignition device 13 based on the detection results of the flame generation

timing detection sensors

14, 14A, 14B and the flame generation

timing detection sensors

14, 14A, 14B. 15.

According to the shock wave generation device according to the first aspect, the control device 15 determines self-ignition of the combustible gas M before ignition by the ignition device 13 based on the generation timing of the flame C due to combustion of the combustible gas M. . As a result, the combustion state of the fuel can be determined.

The shock wave generation device according to the second aspect is the shock wave generation device according to the first aspect, and further, the control device 15 causes a detonation based on the propagation speed of the flame C detected by the flame generation timing detection sensor 14. and determine deflagration. Thereby, the combustion state of the fuel can be determined in detail.

The shock wave generation device according to the third aspect is the shock wave generation device according to the second aspect, furthermore, when the control device 15 determines that there is a detonation, the intensity of the detonation wave is determined based on the propagation speed of the flame C. Estimate. Thereby, by estimating the intensity of the detonation wave, it is possible to adjust the intensity of the detonation wave depending on the destination to which the shock wave is applied.

The shock wave generation device according to a fourth aspect is the shock wave generation device according to any one of the first to third aspects, and further, the flame generation

timing detection sensors

14, 14A, 14B This is an optical sensor that detects light emitted from the Thereby, flames can be easily identified by detecting infrared rays, visible rays, and ultraviolet rays.

The shock wave generation device according to the fifth aspect is the shock wave generation device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, and further includes a combustion device 11 having a combustible gas supply device at the base end 22a. The flame generation timing detection sensor 14 faces the opening 23c of the combustor 23. Placed. Thereby, the flame generated in the combustor 23 can be easily detected by one flame generation timing detection sensor 14.

The shock wave generation device according to the sixth aspect is the shock wave generation device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, and the combustion device 11 further includes a combustible gas supply device at the base end 22a. The flame generation

timing detection sensors

14A and 14B are connected to the combustor 23 in the direction of gas flow. Multiple locations are placed at intervals. Thereby, the flame generated in the combustor 23 can be appropriately detected.

The shock wave generation device according to the seventh aspect is the shock wave generation device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, and further, when the control device 15 determines that the combustible gas M self-ignites, , the combustible gas supply device 12 stops supplying the combustible gas M. Thereby, safety can be improved.

The shock wave generation device according to the eighth aspect is the shock wave generation device according to the seventh aspect, and further, when the control device 15 determines that the combustible gas M self-ignites, the purge gas P is supplied into the combustion device 11. supply Thereby, safety can be improved.

In the embodiments described above, the shock wave generation device is used as a dust removal device that removes dust adhering to the inner wall surface of a furnace, the outer surface of a heat exchanger tube, etc. of a furnace such as a garbage incinerator, coal gasification combined cycle power generation facility, and power generation boiler. However, the scope of application is not limited to these. Shock wave generating devices are, for example, propulsion engines that emit shock waves from the opening of a combustor and generate thrust by receiving the reaction force, power engines that turn turbines, or power engines that emit shock waves from the opening of a combustor and generate thrust near the opening. A device that uses the high pressure of shock waves to exert physical effects on objects placed inside a combustion device (destruction of structures, separation of materials, etc.), a device that uses high pressure of shock waves to act on objects placed inside a combustion device, It can be applied to devices that exert physical action (destruction of structures, separation of materials, etc.).

10, 10A Shock wave generation device 11 Combustion device 12 Flammable gas supply device 13 Ignition device 14 Flame generation timing detection sensor 14A First flame generation timing detection sensor 14B Second flame generation timing detection sensor 15 Control device (judgment device)
21 gas passage 22 detonator 23 combustor 24 first passage 25 second passage 31 fuel supply section 32 fuel supply route 33 fuel cylinder 34 pressure reducing valve 35 mass flow controller 36 safety device 37 fuel supply valve 38 check valve 41 oxidizer supply section 42 Oxidizing agent supply route 43 Oxidizing agent cylinder 44 Pressure reducing valve 45 Mass flow controller 46 Safety device 47 Oxidizing agent supply valve 48 Check valve 51 Cross joint 52 Flammable gas supply route 53 Purge gas route 54 Blower 55 Purge gas supply valve 61 Wall portion 62 Optics Window 63 Optical fiber 64 Mounting member F Fuel A Oxidizer M Flammable gas C Flame S Shock wave

Claims

A combustion device in which a gas passage through which combustion gas flows from a base end to a distal end is provided, and an opening is provided at the distal end;
a combustible gas supply device that supplies flammable gas from the base end of the combustion device to the inside;
an ignition device that ignites the combustible gas supplied to the combustion device;
a flame generation timing detection sensor that detects the generation timing of flame due to combustion of the combustible gas;
a determination device that determines self-ignition of the combustible gas before ignition by the ignition device based on a detection result of the flame generation timing detection sensor;
A shock wave generation device comprising:
The determination device determines whether a detonation is a detonation or a deflagration based on a flame propagation speed detected by the flame generation timing detection sensor.
The shock wave generating device according to claim 1.
When the determination device determines that there is a detonation, the intensity of the detonation wave is estimated based on the propagation speed of the flame.
The shock wave generating device according to claim 2.
The flame generation timing detection sensor is an optical sensor that detects light emitted from the flame.
The shock wave generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
The combustion device includes a detonator whose base end is connected to a flammable gas supply device, and a combustor whose base end is connected to the tip of the detonator, and the flame generation timing detection sensor is configured to detect the combustion timing. placed facing the opening of the vessel;
The shock wave generating device according to claim 1.
The combustion device includes a detonator whose base end is connected to a flammable gas supply device, and a combustor whose base end is connected to the tip of the detonator, and the flame generation timing detection sensor is configured to detect the combustion timing. Multiple units are placed at intervals in the gas flow direction in the vessel.
The shock wave generating device according to claim 1.
When the determination device determines that the combustible gas has self-ignited, the combustible gas supply device stops supplying the combustible gas.
The shock wave generating device according to claim 1.
When the determination device determines that the combustible gas has self-ignited, supplying purge gas into the combustion device;
The shock wave generating device according to claim 7.