WO2024037731A1 - Procédé de gestion d'une installation d'ingénierie de processus - Google Patents

Procédé de gestion d'une installation d'ingénierie de processus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024037731A1
WO2024037731A1 PCT/EP2023/025371 EP2023025371W WO2024037731A1 WO 2024037731 A1 WO2024037731 A1 WO 2024037731A1 EP 2023025371 W EP2023025371 W EP 2023025371W WO 2024037731 A1 WO2024037731 A1 WO 2024037731A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
user interface
service life
sensor values
determined
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/025371
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Shreya BHATIA
Paul Heinz
Oliver SLABY
Original Assignee
Linde Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde Gmbh filed Critical Linde Gmbh
Publication of WO2024037731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024037731A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/0007—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04787—Heat exchange, e.g. main heat exchange line; Subcooler, external reboiler-condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/02—Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2200/00—Prediction; Simulation; Testing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for managing a process engineering system and a graphical user interface for managing a process engineering system, as well as a computing system, a computer program and a machine-readable storage medium.
  • Process engineering systems are usually understood to mean systems for carrying out material changes and/or material conversions with the help of purposeful physical and/or chemical and/or biological and/or nuclear effects.
  • Such changes and implementations typically include crushing, sieving, mixing, heat transfer, rectification, crystallization, drying, cooling, filling and superimposed material transformations such as chemical, biological or nuclear reactions.
  • Heat exchangers e.g. vacuum-brazed (aluminum) plate heat exchangers (PFHE) or spiral-wound heat exchangers (CWHE) are often used in process engineering systems due to a variety of advantages (heat integration, compactness , costs).
  • PFHE vacuum-brazed plate heat exchangers
  • CWHE spiral-wound heat exchangers
  • PFHE vacuum-brazed plate heat exchangers
  • CWHE spiral-wound heat exchangers
  • a (plate) heat exchanger can have a large number of separating plates or separating plates arranged parallel to one another.
  • slat plates and a large number of slats (so-called fins) or structural sheets with slats, with one slat being arranged between two adjacent separating plates, so that a multiplicity of parallel channels are formed between adjacent plates, which are filled with a medium are flowable.
  • the slats are bordered by so-called sidebars, which are soldered to the adjacent panels.
  • a heat exchanger block is formed by the interconnected structural sheets, sidebars, separating sheets and cover sheets. In this way, a heat exchanger block is formed with a large number of parallel heat transfer passages, so that media, for example, in Countercurrent can be passed past each other in order to carry out an indirect heat exchange.
  • a heat exchanger in particular a plate heat exchanger (PFHE), can have a large number of such heat exchanger blocks.
  • PFHE plate heat exchanger
  • the aim is to be able to manage such a process engineering system, for example in order to be able to operate the system effectively.
  • the process engineering system has at least one heat exchanger.
  • Each of these heat exchangers is designed as a plate heat exchanger, for example as a vacuum-brazed (aluminum) plate heat exchanger (PFHE).
  • PFHE vacuum-brazed plate heat exchanger
  • each of these heat exchangers has a large number of heat exchanger blocks.
  • These individual heat exchangers are provided in the process engineering system in particular for heating or cooling a specific fluid or fluid stream.
  • the process engineering system can have other components, for example other, differently designed heat exchangers (e.g. spiral-wound heat exchangers, CWHE), columns (hollow, slender columns with internals), phase separation apparatus (containers with internals), containers for phase separation, etc.
  • the Process engineering plant can be a plant for the separation and/or liquefaction of gases, for example an air separation plant, or generally a plant for the separation of mixtures of substances based on physical properties, a natural gas plant, a hydrogen and synthesis gas plant, an adsorption and membrane plant, for example a pressure swing adsorption plant, or a cryotechnical system, for example for cooling of superconductors and cold neutron sources, MRIs, fusion and fission applications or in the liquefaction of helium and hydrogen.
  • gases for example an air separation plant, or generally a plant for the separation of mixtures of substances based on physical properties, a natural gas plant, a hydrogen and synthesis gas plant, an adsorption and membrane plant, for example a pressure swing adsorption plant, or a cryotechnical system, for example for cooling of superconductors and cold neutron sources, MRIs, fusion and fission applications or in the liquefaction of helium and hydrogen.
  • sensor values or measured values or current actual values are received from sensors arranged on or in the at least one heat exchanger.
  • These sensors can, for example, be installed on a surface of the respective heat exchanger or within the heat exchanger or protruding into the heat exchanger.
  • the sensor values can in particular characterize physical/chemical properties of the heat exchanger itself or its operation, for example its material or a fluid passed through the heat exchanger.
  • the sensor values expediently describe current temperature values of individual or all heat exchanger blocks of the respective heat exchanger.
  • parameters are determined that characterize or characterize operation of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • These parameters can, for example, directly describe a current state or current physical conditions of the at least one heat exchanger or at least allow conclusions to be drawn about such properties.
  • a parameter can be, for example, a so-called key performance indicator (KPI), which can be used, for example, to evaluate progress or degrees of fulfillment with respect to specified goals.
  • KPI key performance indicator
  • a temperature difference between heat exchanger blocks of the at least one heat exchanger is determined as such a parameter. For example, measured temperature values on the surface of the individual heat exchanger blocks or measured temperature values within the individual heat exchanger blocks can be taken into account for this purpose.
  • temperature differences are determined between immediately adjacent heat exchanger blocks, which are mechanically connected to one another and/or are in fluid communication with one another.
  • the received sensor values and/or the determined parameters are prepared for a graphical representation of a state of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • This state can in particular characterize the operation of the at least one heat exchanger, e.g. effectiveness, performance, etc.
  • the state can be a current state and thus in particular characterize the current operation of the respective heat exchanger.
  • the state can also be a past state and in particular characterize the operation of the at least one heat exchanger in the past.
  • the state can also be a future state, for example extrapolated from the current and/or the past state.
  • the sensor values or parameters are prepared in particular in such a way that (operationally) relevant information regarding the state, which is important for the operation of the respective heat exchanger and also for the operation of the entire system, is extracted or recognized in a simple and clear manner can.
  • the representation of the state can be an audiovisual representation of the respective state, in particular a graphic or visual and/or an acoustic representation.
  • the representation can include a visual representation of individual sensor values and/or parameters in a two- or multi-dimensional graph, for example as an image file or as an interactive, editable graphic.
  • the representation can include, for example, an acoustic representation, for example with the help of audio files, for example an acoustic output of individual sensor values or parameters, an output of warning tones, etc.
  • At least a service life or a remaining service life is determined depending on the specific temperature difference between the heat exchanger blocks of the at least one heat exchanger. Furthermore, a graphical representation of this service life of the at least one heat exchanger is determined. For example, the service life can be determined or extrapolated from the sensor values or parameters using analytical, numerical or statistical methods, for example with the help of theoretical simulations.
  • Temperature differences between heat exchanger blocks can have direct, immediate but also indirect effects on the service life of the respective heat exchanger. Large temperature differences between the individual heat exchanger blocks can lead to large loads on the material of the blocks, in particular to large mechanical stresses. For example, when there are large temperature differences, high loads can act on connecting lines or connecting elements between individual heat exchanger blocks.
  • an original service life can be taken into account, which was determined, estimated or estimated after the heat exchanger was manufactured or put into operation for the first time, as well as an operating period that has already passed since the heat exchanger was put into operation for the first time.
  • corresponding mechanical stresses and loads on the heat exchanger material can, for example, be determined and corresponding effects on the service life or a corresponding reduction in the service life can be extrapolated, estimated or calculated.
  • analytical, numerical or statistical calculations and/or simulations can be carried out.
  • the currently remaining service life of the heat exchanger can be determined as the state of the respective heat exchanger, expediently depending on the original service life, depending on the previous total operating time and depending on the effects of the temperature differences.
  • the specific service life can expediently be prepared for the graphical representation in such a way that the remaining service life can be easily seen and comprehensibly removed or recognized. For example, furthermore In addition to the current specific lifespan, a history of the lifespan can also be displayed. This makes it particularly easy to understand how the estimated remaining service life develops or changes during previous operation. This makes it particularly easy to understand which events, operating states and temperature differences have a significant impact on the remaining service life.
  • This graphical representation of the service life can be used, for example, to provide a service life tracker or service life monitor, which enables a display of the service life consumption based on the operating conditions of the system and a prediction of the remaining service life, as well as, for example, a display of a histogram of the thermal and/or mechanical cycles and the thermal Fatigue of the individual heat exchangers.
  • a service life monitor can be used to make recommendations for maintenance and/or replacement measures, whereby, for example, delivery times for components to be replaced or installed can be taken into account.
  • the processed sensor values and/or parameters are output or displayed in a graphical user interface.
  • the graphical representation of the service life of the at least one heat exchanger is output in the graphical user interface.
  • This graphical user interface represents in particular a human-machine interface, an input and output interface, a user interface or an (information management) dashboard.
  • this user interface represents a software tool or software tool for interaction with the system in order to operate it and the management of the system to issue relevant information and to also enable it to influence the operation of the system.
  • the graphical user interface can be output by a computing unit, for example a PC, a laptop, a tablet, a control unit, etc.
  • the graphical user interface is particularly useful as a central, uniform interface.
  • the graphical user interface or the software on which the graphical user interface is based is particularly expediently executed by a central computing unit or a central computing system, for example by a server or a computing system in the course of the so-called. "Cloud computing".
  • the underlying software therefore expediently does not have to be executed on the computing unit itself from which the graphical user interface is displayed or output, but can be executed centrally by a remote computing unit.
  • the graphical user interface can thus be displayed uniformly and independently of one another on a large number of different computing units.
  • the graphical user interface can be streamed by the respective computing unit from the central computing unit or displayed in a browser-based manner, for example as a (web) dashboard.
  • the operation of the at least one heat exchanger is managed or monitored or controlled in the graphical user interface.
  • Relevant information characterizing the operation of the respective heat exchanger can be read in the user interface and based on this information, the current operation can be monitored and changes can be developed and made to improve the operation.
  • the specific (in particular remaining) lifespan of the at least one heat exchanger is monitored or analyzed.
  • the graphical representation of the service life output in the graphical user interface can expediently detect and monitor effects or changes in the service life.
  • a recognized, particularly non-linear (e.g. exponential) reduction in service life, e.g. due to high temperature differences between the heat exchanger blocks, can expediently be counteracted, e.g. by adjusting operating parameters or operating points of the heat exchanger or the entire system.
  • the lifespan consumption of the heat exchangers during past operating states can be tracked in the graphical user interface and improvements to the operation can be developed to increase the remaining lifespan.
  • the invention further relates to a corresponding graphical user interface, with advantages and advantageous embodiments of this graphical user interface according to the invention and the method according to the invention arising from the present Description given accordingly.
  • the graphical user interface has at least one display area that is set up to output sensor values and/or parameters that were received or determined and processed according to the present method.
  • the display area is set up to output the graphical representation of the service life of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • These display surfaces or display panels make it possible to display the information relevant to the operation of the respective heat exchanger in an intuitive and clear manner.
  • one or more such display surfaces can be provided for each heat exchanger.
  • one or more such display areas can be provided for all processed sensor values and/or parameters.
  • the present invention provides a way to visualize and monitor and manage the operation of the individual heat exchangers in the process engineering plant online.
  • the graphical user interface provides a central, uniform interface to display information regarding the operation or properties of the heat exchangers and, depending on this information, to influence the system and its operation, in particular to control the operation or to improve the effectiveness or performance of the system in order to reduce wear and tear on the system.
  • recommendations for maintenance work e.g. repairs, cleaning, replacement of components, etc., can be made and optimal maintenance work can be predicted ("predictive maintenance").
  • the invention particularly expediently makes it possible to monitor the remaining living acid and in particular to increase it or at least not reduce it unnecessarily or to counteract potential reductions in the living acid.
  • a combination, merging or synthesis of hardware installed in the system, in particular in the form of sensors or measuring devices, and management, analysis, simulation and/or control software is made possible.
  • the corresponding operationally relevant information can expediently be made available in the graphical user interface as a central (web) dashboard to individual or all parties involved in the operation of the system, for example a manufacturer, owner, operator, operator, operations manager, supervisory board, external experts, specialists for technical advice, etc.
  • system operators for example, have the opportunity to evaluate and improve the performance and service life of the heat exchangers.
  • the graphical user interface may enable a heat exchanger manufacturer to provide various product concepts such as leasing contracts, performance guarantee contracts, heat transfer contracts, extended warranty deliveries, free trial periods and data recorders using the heat exchanger as a recording device that automatically transmits data to the manufacturer.
  • the central, graphical user interface makes it possible, in particular, to provide operationally relevant information to widely distributed parties over large distances.
  • the respective information can be provided via the user interface both to the operator of the process engineering plant, who may be in the plant itself or in the immediate vicinity of it, as well as to parties far away from the plant, e.g. the manufacturer or owner the system, which can be located at a great distance from the system, for example in a distant company headquarters.
  • the corresponding information or data can, for example, be transmitted or exchanged between locally networked and distant units.
  • the recorded sensor values of the sensors installed in or on the heat exchangers can be transmitted via a local network in the process engineering system to a local, central computing unit, for example a server of the system, from which the user interface is also executed or which is transmitted directly via the local network is networked with a computing unit executing the user interface.
  • the sensor values of the sensors can also be transmitted, for example, to a remote computing unit, for example a (company) server, or a remote computing system, for example a distributed computing system in the course of so-called “cloud computing", in which or in which the user interface itself is executed or to which or to which in turn a computing unit executing the user interface is connected.
  • the sensor values can be transmitted from the sensors directly to such a remote computing unit or such a remote computing system or also indirectly, in that the values are first transmitted to a local computing unit of the system, which then transmits the sensor values to the remote computing unit or the remote Computing system transmitted.
  • a local computing unit can also carry out calculations, for example determining the parameters and/or processing the sensor values or the parameters.
  • the corresponding data can then be transferred from the local computing unit to the cloud system and output by it in the graphical user interface.
  • the graphical user interface can then be output and displayed on a screen by one or more computing units, each of which is connected to the computing unit executing the user interface, for example via a local (system) network or via the Internet.
  • the centrally executed graphical user interface can thus be displayed uniformly by a large number of different, possibly widely distributed, computing units.
  • the graphical user interface it can be made possible, for example, to visualize and track a history, in particular a history of the service life, and/or a performance of the individual heat exchangers of the system. Furthermore, the operation of the individual heat exchangers can be made transparent and improved.
  • the user interface can enable a combination of all relevant information and the history of the individual heat exchangers, tracking of the history and simple remote access to information.
  • a change in the service life of the at least one heat exchanger depending on the specific temperature difference between the heat exchanger blocks is further determined as the state of the at least one heat exchanger. Further, a graphical representation of this change in lifespan is determined and the graphical representation of the lifespan change is output in the graphical user interface.
  • a connection can be established and visualized as to how temperature differences affect the remaining living acid. For example, for this purpose, the mechanical stresses and loads caused by the temperature differences on the heat exchanger material can be determined and the effects of these stresses and loads on the service life can be determined.
  • the graphical representation it can be graphically prepared, for example, how past temperature differences affected and changed the respective remaining service life at the time.
  • the graphical user interface can expediently be used to monitor and examine in the long term how temperature differences between individual heat exchanger blocks change the remaining service life of the heat exchanger.
  • an (operating) strategy can in particular be developed in order to avoid temperature differences that reduce the service life and to increase the service life of the heat exchanger or reduce it as slowly as possible in order to achieve the best possible service life of the heat exchanger.
  • managing the operation of the at least one heat exchanger further comprises determining a maintenance interval of the at least one heat exchanger and/or a maintenance work to be performed on the at least one heat exchanger depending on the graphical representation of the service life output in the graphical user interface. For example, such maintenance or a repair or replacement of individual components can be scheduled depending on the service life consumption, expediently in order to increase the remaining service life as much as possible. For example, such maintenance intervals and maintenance work can be determined for components of the heat exchanger that are exposed to high loads due to temperature differences between the heat exchanger blocks.
  • managing the operation of the at least one heat exchanger further comprises determining risks to operation or the life of the at least one heat exchanger depending on the graphical representation of the lifespan output in the graphical user interface. For example, by analyzing the current and past states as well as the corresponding service life consumption in the user interface, it can be recognized which special operating states or which specific temperature differences lead to increased loads, increased wear and increased service life consumption. Such conditions can then be avoided or such conditions can be counteracted.
  • managing the operation of the at least one heat exchanger further comprises determining control values or operating conditions or operating parameters of the at least one heat exchanger, depending on the graphical representation of the service life output in the graphical user interface, in order to avoid critical conditions that lead to a Lead to shortening of lifespan.
  • a performance or current performance of the at least one heat exchanger and/or a history or a time course of the at least one heat exchanger is further determined as the state of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • the current performance of the respective heat exchanger can, for example, be determined analytically or numerically using physical equations from the sensor values and/or parameters. Alternatively or additionally, the parameters can also directly characterize the current performance.
  • the corresponding sensor values and/or parameters can be prepared in particular so that the current performance can be presented visually and/or acoustically in an intuitive and clear manner.
  • the history of the at least one heat exchanger can in particular include a history or a time course of the sensor values and/or the parameters and/or the performance.
  • the graphical user interface can include a start or overview page in which the performance, the service life and the history or the corresponding sensor values and/or parameters are displayed and/or can be selected for display.
  • this overview page may include a list or switches to quickly display the relevant relevant information about the heat exchanger operation and to track or visualize the history of the heat exchanger.
  • the sensors arranged on or in the at least one heat exchanger are each designed as a temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor and/or flow sensor and/or sound sensor or acoustic sensor and/or vibration sensor.
  • the measured values recorded by these sensors relate in particular to physical properties of the material of the heat exchanger and/or the fluid streams conducted through the heat exchanger.
  • the temperature sensors for example, the temperatures of the fluid flows and the heat exchanger walls can be measured.
  • the pressure and flow sensors for example, the pressure and flow of the individual fluid streams can be recorded.
  • vibrations in the heat exchanger walls in particular can be monitored.
  • mechanical stresses in the heat exchanger can be recorded directly or derived indirectly.
  • other useful sensors can also be used, e.g. optical sensors such as cameras, etc.
  • one or more of the following variables are also determined as a parameter: a temperature difference within the at least one heat exchanger, a temperature difference between fluid flows of the at least one heat exchanger, a temperature difference between fluid flows and heat exchanger blocks of the at least one heat exchanger, a rate of cooling processes and / or warming processes of the at least one heat exchanger ("cooldown" rate / "warmup” rate), a local temperature profile within the at least one heat exchanger, a temporal Temperature profile within the at least one heat exchanger, a mechanical stress level of the at least one heat exchanger and / or a thermal stress level of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • such parameters can be determined from temperature sensor values that are recorded at various points in the heat exchangers.
  • temperature profiles of the heat exchangers can be described, which enable conclusions to be drawn about the operation and effectiveness of the heat exchangers and which further characterize loads acting on the heat exchangers during their operation, which in turn enable conclusions to be drawn about the remaining service life or service life consumption.
  • a deviation of the operation of the at least one heat exchanger from a predetermined (safety) guideline for the operation of the at least one heat exchanger and / or a deviation from a (safety) specification for the at least one heat exchanger are determined as a parameter .
  • deviations can include sensor values and/or parameters leaving predetermined, permissible ranges or reaching, exceeding or falling below predetermined, permissible limit or threshold values.
  • the occurrence of such deviations from (security) guidelines or specifications can often trigger alarm messages to be issued.
  • alarm messages can also be taken into account as a parameter, for example a frequency or specific times at which such alarm messages are issued.
  • the processing of the sensor values and/or the parameters further includes determining a graphical representation of a time course of individual sensor values and/or individual parameters depending on the times at which the respective sensor values were determined.
  • changes or trends in the individual sensor values or parameters can be tracked during operation of the heat exchanger.
  • the processing can include a visualization of relevant time series data, for example process-related data or data regarding properties of the heat exchangers.
  • the processing can include, for example, determining relationships or correlations of data or trends, as well as, for example, determining a correlation matrix, an indicator for fluctuations and outliers, etc.
  • the processing of the sensor values and/or the parameters further comprises determining a graphical representation of a local course of individual sensor values and/or individual parameters within the at least one heat exchanger depending on positions within the at least one heat exchanger at which the respective sensor values were determined .
  • the processing includes a visualization of a local profile of the respective data, and in particular of predetermined, intended or specified operating conditions. This makes it possible in particular to make a comparison between the actual operation and the specified operating conditions. For example, it can be explicitly indicated when current operation is outside the specified operating conditions.
  • the preparation or visualization can include providing a slider function.
  • the processing can include determining a temperature range representation, e.g. a visualization of a local temperature profile of the individual heat exchangers as well as the specified operating conditions.
  • the processing of the sensor values and/or the parameters further comprises determining a graphical representation of a multi-dimensional course of individual sensor values and/or individual parameters depending on times at which the respective sensor values were determined and depending on positions within the at least one heat exchanger , on which the respective sensor values were determined.
  • the temporal and local progressions of individual sensor values or parameters are each visualized as a three-dimensional plot depending on time and location.
  • the temperature profile and the temperature gradient of a respective heat exchanger can each be visualized as a three-dimensional plot along the heat exchanger length and over time.
  • mechanical and/or thermal stress levels or mechanical and/or thermal loads can be tracked during operation of the heat exchanger.
  • the processing of the sensor values and/or the parameters further comprises determining a graphical representation of a performance of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • individual parameters can be displayed which characterize the current performance and the current operation of the individual heat exchangers as well as alarm messages that have been issued, so that (operationally) relevant information can be quickly identified.
  • parameters can be prepared and represented accordingly, which describe heat transferability (e.g. depending on a heat transfer coefficient, on a surface on which heat exchange takes place and on thermal conductivity) as well as, for example, contamination, pressure drops, temperature bottlenecks, possibilities for improving performance, etc.
  • the processing of the sensor values and/or the parameters further comprises determining a graphical representation of a hazard analysis of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • a hazard analysis can be carried out to minimize risks to thermal conditions of the heat exchangers.
  • the system expediently includes measures to reduce risks, e.g. alarms, control loops, etc.
  • a HAZAN overview dashboard can be provided, for example, in which alarm messages and measures implemented in the system to minimize risks for thermal loads are summarized can be and further For example, a reporting functionality for retrospective evaluation for a certain period of time is made possible.
  • the processing of the sensor values and/or the parameters further comprises determining a graphical representation of cooling processes (“cooldown”) and/or warming up processes (“warmup”, “startup”) of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • cooling processes (“cooldown”) and/or warming up processes (“warmup”, “startup”) of the at least one heat exchanger.
  • startup a graphical representation of cooling processes
  • an overview dashboard for cool-down and warm-up processes can be provided in the graphical user interface.
  • a graphical representation can provide a comprehensive overview of the individual heat exchangers so that cooling and cooling rates can be easily understood.
  • this graphical representation it can be made possible, for example, to improve the operation of the heat exchangers, to create a reporting functionality for evaluating the cooling process in retrospect and to add information regarding the start-up process to an operations manual.
  • the processing of the sensor values and/or the parameters further comprises determining a graphical representation of a thermal expansion of heat exchanger blocks of the at least one heat exchanger. For example, a local or spatial course of a temperature gradient of the respective block can be displayed along the three spatial directions.
  • an overview of block strains and thermal states can be displayed in the graphical user interface. For example, a live view and video functionality can be enabled.
  • managing the operation of the at least one heat exchanger further includes monitoring or analyzing a current state and/or a future state and/or a past state of the at least one heat exchanger. For example, the state shown in the graphical user interface, its history shown and the extrapolated state shown can be compared with predetermined security or operational guidelines. The graphical user interface can therefore be used to assess whether the individual heat exchangers are operating within permissible specifications or whether there is potential for improvement.
  • managing the operation of the at least one heat exchanger further comprises determining control values or operating conditions or operating parameters of the at least one heat exchanger in order to increase a performance of the at least one heat exchanger. For example, by monitoring and analyzing the states, service life, etc. displayed in the user interface, control values that are as optimized as possible can be developed in order to operate the heat exchangers in the most optimized operating states possible, so that the most maximized performance and effectiveness can be achieved.
  • the graphical user interface has at least one control surface or at least one control panel for this purpose, which is set up to receive inputs.
  • the graphical user interface is set up to control the at least one heat exchanger depending on the inputs received.
  • the entries can be manual entries by the system operator or system operator.
  • the user interface therefore provides the option of making manual entries and influencing the heat exchangers directly.
  • control values or setpoints can be entered via the control surface, which can then be transferred from the user interface to a controller, for example, which implements these control or setpoints and controls the heat exchanger accordingly.
  • the user interface can have a functionality to visualize and understand the effects of the inputs made or the corresponding changes to control values on the condition, effectiveness and / or service life of the respective heat exchanger.
  • each heat exchanger block has structural plates and/or sidebars and/or separating plates and/or cover plates that are connected to one another.
  • a heat exchanger block can have a large number of separator plates arranged parallel to one another and a large number of structural plates or structural plates with fins (so-called fins), with each between two adjacent separating plates a structural sheet is arranged so that a plurality of parallel channels are formed between adjacent sheets through which a medium can flow.
  • fins fins
  • the slats are bordered by sidebars, which are soldered to the adjacent panels.
  • a heat exchanger block is formed by the interconnected structural sheets, sidebars, separating sheets and cover sheets.
  • a computing system e.g. a server of a process engineering plant or a remote, distributed computing system in the course of so-called “cloud computing”, is set up, in particular in terms of programming, to carry out a method according to the invention.
  • the computing system in particular has a graphical user interface according to the invention, in particular centrally and uniformly.
  • a machine-readable storage medium is provided with a computer program stored thereon as described above.
  • Suitable storage media or data carriers for providing the computer program are, in particular, magnetic, optical and electrical memories, such as hard drives, flash memories, EEPROMs, DVDs, etc.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically and perspectively a heat exchanger for a process engineering system that can be managed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a process engineering system that can be managed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a graphical user interface according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a heat exchanger is shown schematically and designated 100, which can be used in a process engineering plant that can be managed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger 100 shown in Figure 1 is a (hard-) soldered fin-plate heat exchanger made of aluminum ("Brazed Aluminum Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger", PFHE; names according to the German and English editions of ISO 15547-2:3005), how it can be used in a variety of systems at a wide range of pressures and temperatures. Corresponding heat exchangers are used, for example, in the low-temperature separation of air, in the liquefaction of natural gas or in systems for the production of ethylene. It goes without saying that “aluminum” can also refer to an aluminum alloy.
  • Brazed fin-plate heat exchangers made of aluminum are shown in Figure 2 of the mentioned ISO 15547-2:3005 and on page 5 of the publication "The Standards of the Brazed Aluminum Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger Manufacturers' Association" by ALPEMA, 3rd edition 2010, shown and described.
  • the present Figure 1 essentially corresponds to the illustrations of the ISO standard in question and will be explained below.
  • the plate heat exchanger 100 shown partially opened in FIG. 1, is used for the heat exchange of five different process media A in the example shown to E.
  • the plate heat exchanger 100 comprises a large number of separating plates 4 arranged parallel to one another (referred to in English as Parting Sheets in the aforementioned publications, to which the following information in brackets also refers), between which heat exchange passages 1 defined by structural sheets with fins 3 (fins) are formed for one of the process media A to E, which can thereby enter into heat exchange with one another.
  • the structural sheets with the slats 3 are typically folded or corrugated, flow channels being formed by the folds or waves, as also shown in Figure 1 of ISO 15547-2:3005.
  • the provision of structural sheets with fins 3 offers the advantage of improved heat transfer, more targeted fluid guidance and an increase in mechanical (tensile) strength compared to plate heat exchangers without fins.
  • the process media A to E flow separately from one another, in particular through the separating plates 4, but can, if necessary, pass through the latter in the case of perforated structural plates with lamellas 3.
  • the individual passages 1 or the structural sheets with the slats 3 are each surrounded on the sides by so-called sidebars 8, which, however, leave feed and removal openings 9 free.
  • the sidebars 8 keep the separating plates 4 at a distance and ensure mechanical reinforcement of the pressure chamber.
  • Reinforced cover plates 5 (cap sheets), which are arranged parallel to the separating plates 4, are used to finish off at least two sides.
  • headers 7 which are provided with nozzles 6 (nozzles)
  • the process media A to E are fed in and removed via feed and removal openings 9.
  • distributor fins 2 distributed fins
  • a cuboid heat exchanger block 20 is formed overall, with a "heat exchanger block" here comprising the elements mentioned without the headers 7 and nozzle 6 should be understood in a connected state.
  • the plate heat exchanger 100 can be formed from several corresponding cuboid heat exchanger blocks 20 connected to one another, particularly for manufacturing reasons.
  • Corresponding plate heat exchangers 100 are brazed from aluminum.
  • the individual passages 1, comprising the structural sheets with the slats 3, the further structural sheets with the distributor slats 2, the cover sheets 5 and the sidebars 8, are each provided with solder, stacked on top of one another or arranged accordingly and heated in an oven.
  • the headers 7 and the connectors 6 are welded onto the heat exchanger block 20 produced in this way.
  • the headers 7 are manufactured using semi-cylindrical extruded profiles which are cut to the required length and then welded onto the heat exchanger block 20.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a process engineering system 200 that can be managed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the process engineering plant 200 can be designed, for example, as an air separation plant or a plant for separating mixtures of substances based on physical properties.
  • the process engineering system 200 has a plurality of heat exchangers 210, each of which is designed, for example, as an aluminum plate heat exchanger PFHE 100 shown in FIG. 1 and each has a plurality of heat exchanger blocks 20.
  • the system 200 can, for example, also have further heat exchangers, each of which can also be designed, for example, as a spiral-wound heat exchanger.
  • the process engineering system 200 also has further components, for example a column 230. For reasons of clarity, only one such further component 230 is shown in FIG. 2, but it is understood that the system 200 can also have a large number of other different components. Further It goes without saying that the system 200 can also have a larger or smaller number of heat exchangers 210.
  • a large number of sensors 220 are arranged in and on the individual plate heat exchangers 210, for example temperature sensors, pressure sensors and flow sensors, in order to record corresponding physical properties of the respective heat exchanger material and the respective process media. For reasons of clarity, three sensors 220 are shown for each heat exchanger 210 in FIG. However, it is understood that each heat exchanger 210 can also have a larger or smaller number of sensors 220 and also other types of sensors, for example sound sensors, vibration sensors, etc.
  • the sensors 220 arranged in and on the heat exchangers 210 are connected to a local network 201 of the system 200, which is indicated by dashed lines in FIG.
  • a central controller 240 for controlling and regulating the system 200 is connected to the individual system components via the local network 201.
  • the measured values recorded by the sensors 220 are transmitted to the controller 240 via the network 201 and stored there.
  • a computer 250 is connected to the network 201, by means of which an operator or operator, who can be in the system 200 or in the immediate vicinity of it, can manage the system 200.
  • the controller 240 and the computer 250 are connected via the Internet 205 to a remote computing system 260 in the course of so-called “cloud computing”.
  • a computer 270 is also connected to this cloud 260 via the Internet 205, via which, for example, a manufacturer or owner of the system 200, who may be at a great distance from the system 200, can also manage the system 200.
  • Such Internet connections are indicated in FIG. 2 as dashed lines.
  • a graphical user interface is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the computing system 260 is set up, in particular in terms of programming, to carry out an embodiment of a method according to the invention.
  • the sensor values recorded by the sensors 220 and stored in the controller 240 are transmitted from the controller 240 to the computing system 260 via the Internet 205.
  • These sensor values include, for example, temperature values of fluid flows within the heat exchanger blocks of the individual heat exchangers 210 as well as temperature values of the walls of the heat exchanger blocks of the individual heat exchangers 210.
  • the computing system 260 determines parameters that characterize or characterize the operation of the heat exchanger 210. At least one temperature difference between the heat exchanger blocks of the individual heat exchangers 210 is determined as such parameters. Furthermore, as such parameters, for example, a temperature difference within the individual heat exchangers 210, a temperature difference between fluid flows within the individual heat exchangers 210, a temperature difference between the fluid flows and heat exchanger blocks of the individual heat exchangers 210, a rate of cooling processes and warm-up processes of the individual heat exchangers 210, a local temperature profile and a temperature profile over time within the individual heat exchangers 210 and a mechanical stress level and a thermal stress level of the individual heat exchangers 210 are determined. Furthermore, it can be determined as parameters, for example, whether there is a deviation in the operation of the individual heat exchangers 210 from predetermined guidelines.
  • the sensor values and parameters are graphically processed by the computing system 260 to display a state of the heat exchanger 210.
  • a service life of the individual heat exchangers 210 is determined depending on the specific temperature difference between the respective heat exchanger blocks of the individual heat exchangers 210.
  • the computing system 260 also determines a graphical representation of this service life of the individual heat exchangers 210.
  • the computing system 260 can determine a change or consumption in the service life of the individual heat exchangers 210 depending on the respective temperature differences. For example, in the course of processing a graphical representation of this change in the remaining service life of the individual heat exchangers 210 can be determined depending on the temperature differences of the respective heat exchanger blocks, furthermore in particular depending on the operating conditions of the respective heat exchanger 210. A service life monitor can thus be set up, for example.
  • the computing system 260 can determine, for example, a current performance of the individual heat exchangers 210 as well as a history or a time course of the performance and service life of the individual heat exchangers 210 as such a state.
  • a graphical representation of a time course of individual sensor values and parameters can also be determined, depending on the times at which the respective sensor values were determined.
  • two-dimensional diagrams can be generated for this purpose, in which the respective sensor value or the respective parameter is plotted against time.
  • diagrams of the temperature values recorded as sensor values and the temperature differences determined as parameters can each be determined plotted against time.
  • a graphical representation of a local course of individual sensor values and individual parameters can be determined, depending on positions within the respective heat exchanger 210 at which the respective sensor values were determined.
  • two-dimensional diagrams can be generated for this purpose in which the respective sensor value or the respective parameter is plotted against the length of the respective heat exchanger.
  • such two-dimensional graphs of the recorded temperature values and the determined temperature differences can each be determined plotted against the length of the respective heat exchanger.
  • a multi-dimensional course of individual sensor values and parameters can be determined, depending on the times at which the respective sensor values were determined and depending on the position within the respective heat exchanger at which the respective sensor values were determined.
  • three-dimensional diagrams can be generated in which the recorded temperatures or the determined temperature differences are plotted against time and against the length of the respective heat exchanger.
  • a graphical representation of the performance of the individual heat exchangers 210 can be determined. For example, current sensor values and parameters that characterize the performance or effectiveness of the individual heat exchangers 210 can be displayed for this purpose.
  • a graphical representation of a risk analysis of the individual heat exchangers can be determined.
  • alarm messages that have been issued can be displayed as well as the circumstances that led to these alarms being sent.
  • cooling processes (“cooldown”) and warm-up processes (“warmup”, “startup”) of the individual heat exchangers 210 can be determined.
  • cooling rates of the individual heat exchangers 210 can be displayed.
  • each heat exchanger block can be graphically represented in a regular rest state and it can be shown how the respective heat exchanger block is thermally deformed during its operation in comparison to this rest state.
  • a local, spatial course of a temperature gradient of the respective heat exchanger block can be displayed along the three spatial directions.
  • the sensor values and parameters prepared in this way are output by the computing system 260 in a graphical user interface.
  • at least the graphical representation of the service life of the individual heat exchangers 210 is output in the graphical user interface.
  • a graphical user interface is generated centrally and uniformly by the computing system 260 and corresponding data is sent via the Internet 205 the computers 250, 270 so that this user interface can be displayed uniformly on screens of the computers 250, 270.
  • the operation of the individual heat exchangers 210 is managed, with at least the service life of the individual heat exchangers 210 being monitored.
  • the appropriately prepared sensor values and parameters i.e. the two- and multi-dimensional diagrams etc. explained above, are output in the user interface.
  • the system operator and the system manufacturer can monitor and analyze the individual heat exchangers 210, for example with regard to their condition, performance, effectiveness, service life, etc.
  • improved operating states or control values can be determined according to which the heat exchangers should be operated in the future in order to increase their service life and performance.
  • These new control values for example new setpoints, can be entered by the system operator and system manufacturer in the user interface displayed on the respective computer 250, 270. These inputs are transmitted from the user interface or from the computing system 260 executing the user interface to the controller 240, so that this controller 240 controls the individual heat exchangers 210 accordingly.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a graphical user interface or user interface 300 according to an embodiment of the invention, as it can be executed centrally by the computing system 260 and displayed uniformly on the computers 250, 270.
  • the current state of the system 200 can be displayed on a start or overview page 310 in the user interface 300.
  • This overview page 310 can have a large number of display areas or display panels 311, 312, 313, 314, in which the remaining lifespan of the individual heat exchangers 210 as well as, for example, a current overall state of the system 200, a current operating temperature of the system 200, a temporal temperature difference and a local temperature difference can be represented.
  • switches 320 are shown in the user interface 300. For example, by pressing or clicking individual switches, further display areas are opened, in which individual processed sensor values or parameters are then displayed.
  • the switch 321 by operating the switch 321, the two-dimensional diagrams of the recorded temperature values and the specific temperature differences of the individual heat exchanger blocks can be displayed plotted against time.
  • the switch 322 By activating the switch 322, for example, the two-dimensional diagrams of the recorded temperature values and the specific temperature differences of the individual heat exchanger blocks can be displayed plotted against the length of the respective heat exchanger.
  • the switch 323 By operating the switch 323, for example, the three-dimensional diagrams of the recorded temperatures and the specific temperature differences of the individual heat exchanger blocks can be displayed plotted against time and against the length of the respective heat exchanger.
  • an input field or input panel can be opened in which entries can be made, which are then passed on to the controller 240 for controlling the system 200.
  • the invention thus provides a central, uniform user interface 300 to monitor and manage the operation of the individual heat exchangers 210 of the process engineering plant 200 online, to display information regarding the operation and properties of the individual heat exchangers 210 in order to display information depending on this information to influence the operation of the system 200 and to increase the effectiveness and service life of the individual heat exchangers 210.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • User Interface Of Digital Computer (AREA)
  • Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et une interface utilisateur graphique (300) pour gérer une installation d'ingénierie de procédé comprenant au moins un échangeur de chaleur, chacun de ces échangeurs de chaleur étant conçu sous la forme d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques et comprenant chacun une pluralité de blocs d'échangeur de chaleur, le procédé consistant à : recevoir des valeurs de capteur provenant de capteurs qui sont disposés sur ou dans le ou les échangeurs de chaleur ; déterminer des paramètres qui caractérisent une opération du ou des échangeurs de chaleur sur la base des valeurs de capteur reçues, une différence de température entre des blocs d'échangeur de chaleur du ou des échangeurs de chaleur étant déterminée en tant que paramètre ; traiter les valeurs de capteur et/ou les paramètres pour un affichage graphique d'un état du ou des échangeurs de chaleur, une durée de vie du ou des échangeurs de chaleur étant déterminée comme étant l'état sur la base de la différence de température déterminée entre les blocs d'échangeur de chaleur du ou des échangeurs de chaleur, et un affichage graphique de la durée de vie du ou des échangeurs de chaleur étant déterminé ; délivrer les valeurs et/ou paramètres de capteur traités dans l'interface utilisateur graphique (300), l'affichage graphique de la durée de vie du ou des échangeurs de chaleur étant délivré dans l'interface utilisateur graphique (300) ; gérer le fonctionnement du ou des échangeurs de chaleur sur la base de la sortie, des valeurs de capteur et/ou des paramètres traités dans l'interface utilisateur graphique (300), la durée de vie du ou des échangeurs de chaleur étant surveillée.
PCT/EP2023/025371 2022-08-19 2023-08-08 Procédé de gestion d'une installation d'ingénierie de processus WO2024037731A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180259272A1 (en) * 2015-05-28 2018-09-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for determining a state of a heat exchanger device
US20180283815A1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Uop Llc Detecting and correcting maldistribution in heat exchangers in a petrochemical plant or refinery
US20210341402A1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2021-11-04 Linde Gmbh Method for calculating the strength and the service life of a process apparatus through which fluid flows

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180259272A1 (en) * 2015-05-28 2018-09-13 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Method for determining a state of a heat exchanger device
US20180283815A1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Uop Llc Detecting and correcting maldistribution in heat exchangers in a petrochemical plant or refinery
US20210341402A1 (en) * 2018-09-13 2021-11-04 Linde Gmbh Method for calculating the strength and the service life of a process apparatus through which fluid flows

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