WO2024037270A1 - 一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体及安装方法 - Google Patents

一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体及安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024037270A1
WO2024037270A1 PCT/CN2023/107960 CN2023107960W WO2024037270A1 WO 2024037270 A1 WO2024037270 A1 WO 2024037270A1 CN 2023107960 W CN2023107960 W CN 2023107960W WO 2024037270 A1 WO2024037270 A1 WO 2024037270A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
floating body
component
carrier
lower component
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/107960
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐云友
刘文博
王晶晶
贺欣
秦文静
郑爽
李林昊
Original Assignee
百奥源环境科技(浙江)有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202222176832.1U external-priority patent/CN218519812U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210989005.6A external-priority patent/CN117622399A/zh
Application filed by 百奥源环境科技(浙江)有限公司 filed Critical 百奥源环境科技(浙江)有限公司
Publication of WO2024037270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024037270A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of offshore photovoltaics, and in particular to a photovoltaic floating body used in a wave-resistant water environment and an installation method.
  • photovoltaics have been systematically used in various fields on a large scale.
  • environmental protection issues brought about by the petroleum and petrochemical industry become increasingly prominent, clean and green energy issues are receiving more and more attention.
  • photovoltaics have been deployed in various regions, especially in areas with low land costs. For example, northwest, inland lakes, etc.
  • floating photovoltaics are one of them. They neither occupy land resources nor are blocked by obstacles. They have the advantages of high power generation, high productivity, and easy integration with other industries.
  • floating photovoltaics have been widely used in major domestic reservoirs, lakes, fish ponds, etc.
  • the ocean has a vast area, which is far larger than the total area of the land, and has abundant development space.
  • the frequency and intensity of wind waves in the ocean are greater than in inland areas.
  • the buoyancy and structural strength of general photovoltaic carriers do not meet the conditions of use, and they are easily damaged and unable to work, resulting in financial losses.
  • the present invention also designs a floating photovoltaic carrier for use in salt water environments to solve the above problems and make up for the shortcomings of marine floating photovoltaics.
  • the photovoltaic floating body includes a photovoltaic carrier and a photovoltaic component.
  • the photovoltaic component is installed in the photovoltaic carrier in a horizontally embedded manner.
  • the photovoltaic carrier It includes an upper part and a lower part formed in one piece. The length and width of the upper part are smaller than the lower part.
  • the lower part is a floating structure and is flat.
  • the upper part is used to install photovoltaic modules.
  • a hollow part is set in the middle part of the lower part. The hollow part is equivalent to a suction cup.
  • the hollow part provided on the lower surface of the photovoltaic carrier causes the gas below to be sealed by the water surface.
  • the photovoltaic The floating body fits on the water surface like a suction cup.
  • the wind and wave resistance of the photovoltaic floating body is effectively improved. If you are in an area with less wind and waves, you can install photovoltaic brackets to support the photovoltaic modules through the four holes in the upper part of the photovoltaic carrier, so that the photovoltaic modules have an inclination angle to achieve the optimal power generation effect.
  • Each photovoltaic floating body unit is connected by a steel wire cable to facilitate disassembly and replacement.
  • the photovoltaic floating body can rotate around the steel wire cable within a certain range, reducing damage caused by water flow impact and further improving wind and wave resistance.
  • the photovoltaic floating body is easy to install and disassemble, saving time and effort.
  • the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic floating body used in a wave-resistant water environment.
  • the photovoltaic floating body includes a photovoltaic carrier and a photovoltaic component.
  • the photovoltaic carrier includes an upper component 1 and a lower component 2.
  • the upper component 1 and the lower component 2 It is formed in one piece, the upper part 1 and the lower part 2 are both flat rectangular parallelepipeds, and the upper part 1 is located in the middle position above the lower part 2;
  • a hollow portion 3 is provided in the middle of the lower member 2 and penetrates the lower member 2 .
  • the length and width of the upper component 1 are smaller than the length and width of the lower component 2;
  • the lower component 2 is flat, and the upper surface of the lower component 2 is inclined downward toward the outside, forming an acute angle with the lower surface;
  • the hollow part 3 is cylindrical, conical or cuboid, preferably cuboid.
  • the lower component 2 is 100-300mm longer than the upper component 1, and the lower component 2 is 100-300mm wider than the upper component 1;
  • the lower component 2 is 100-400mm longer than the hollow part 3, and the lower component 2 is 100-400mm wider than the hollow part 3.
  • Adjacent photovoltaic carriers are detachably connected, and the preferred connection method is one or more of snap connection and sleeve connection, and more preferably sleeve connection.
  • Adjacent photovoltaic carriers are connected by steel wire cables.
  • the photovoltaic carriers are mounted on the steel wire cables through the connection structure 5 located around the lower component 2.
  • the photovoltaic carriers can rotate along the vertical direction of the steel wire cables.
  • the number of grooves 4 on the long side of the photovoltaic carrier lower component 2 is 2 to 12;
  • the distance between adjacent grooves 4 on the long sides of the lower component 2 is equal, and the distance between adjacent grooves 4 on the long sides is 400-700mm;
  • the number of grooves 4 on the short side of the photovoltaic carrier lower component 2 is preferably 2 to 12;
  • the distance between adjacent grooves 4 in the short sides of the lower component 2 is equal, and the distance between adjacent grooves 4 in the short sides is 400-700 mm.
  • connection structure 5 includes a stainless steel sleeve 51 and a connecting piece 52.
  • One side of the connecting piece 52 is connected to the photovoltaic carrier lower component 2, and the other side opposite to the connecting piece 52 is connected to the stainless steel sleeve 51.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for assembling a photovoltaic array.
  • the photovoltaic array is assembled from the photovoltaic floating body described in the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the assembly method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Embed the photovoltaic components into the photovoltaic carrier to obtain the photovoltaic floating body
  • Step 2 Each photovoltaic floating body is connected through steel wire ropes to obtain a photovoltaic array.
  • Figure 1 shows a top view of a water environment photovoltaic carrier according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a front view of a water environment photovoltaic carrier according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a left side view of a water environment photovoltaic carrier according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a water environment photovoltaic carrier and photovoltaic modules installed according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a photovoltaic floating body in a water environment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a top view of the water environment photovoltaic floating body after connection according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 shows a left view of the water environment photovoltaic floating body after connection according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a photovoltaic floating body in a water environment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of installing photovoltaic modules in a freshwater environment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a horizontally installed photovoltaic module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of a water environment photovoltaic array swinging with waves according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of the bottom design of a photovoltaic floating body in a water environment according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first aspect of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic floating body used in a wave-resistant water environment.
  • the photovoltaic floating body includes a photovoltaic carrier and a photovoltaic component.
  • the photovoltaic carrier includes an upper component 1 and a lower component 2.
  • the upper component 1 and the lower component 2 It is formed in one piece.
  • the upper component 1 and the lower component 2 are both flat rectangular parallelepipeds.
  • the upper component 1 is located in the middle position above the lower component 2, as shown in Figures 1 and 4.
  • the length and width of the upper component 1 are both smaller than the length and width of the lower component 2, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the upper part is used to place and fix photovoltaic modules.
  • the lower component 2 of the photovoltaic carrier has a floating body structure and is flat.
  • a hollow part 3 is provided in the middle of the lower component 2. Except for the hollow part, the photovoltaic carrier has a solid structure as a whole. It is preferred that the hollow part 3 penetrates the lower component 2, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the photovoltaic carrier suction cup structure As a part of the photovoltaic carrier suction cup structure, when the photovoltaic module is After being installed horizontally on the photovoltaic carrier, the photovoltaic modules and the photovoltaic carrier are spliced into a closed structure.
  • the lower surface of the photovoltaic carrier has a large area of depression, so that the gas below is sealed by the water surface.
  • the lower component 2 is 100-300 mm longer than the upper component 1, and more preferably, the lower component 2 is 150-200 mm longer than the upper component 1.
  • the lower component 2 is preferably 100-300 mm wider than the upper component 1, and more preferably the lower component 2 is 150-200 mm wider than the upper component 1.
  • the lower member can provide sufficient buoyancy as a floating structure.
  • the hollow portion 3 is cylindrical, conical or rectangular, preferably rectangular.
  • the lower component 2 is 100-400 mm longer than the hollow part 3.
  • the lower component 2 is 200-350 mm longer than the hollow part 3.
  • the lower component 2 is 100-400 mm wider than the hollow part 3.
  • the lower component 2 is 200-350 mm wider than the hollow part 3.
  • the buoyancy provided by the lower component is not enough to support the photovoltaic carrier and photovoltaic modules. If the size of the hollow part is too small, the "suction" provided by the hollow part is insufficient, and the effect of the photovoltaic carrier on the water surface is poor, and the hollow part When the size is within the above range, the hollow part can provide enough "suction" to make the photovoltaic carrier fit the water surface. At the same time, the lower component provides greater buoyancy. The hollow part and the lower component work together to make the photovoltaic carrier's wind and wave resistance effective. improve.
  • a water-absorbing layer of 1-5cm below the floating body there is a water-absorbing layer of 1-5cm below the floating body, as shown in Figures 11 and 12.
  • the water-absorbing layer will not affect the buoyancy of the floating body.
  • strong winds and waves cause the buoy to flip over and lift one side out of the water, the suction
  • the weight of the water body in the water layer will affect the floating body, using the gravity of the water itself to resist the wind.
  • the edge section of the lower part 2 of the offshore photovoltaic carrier is arc-shaped, which can reduce the impact of water flow, prevent damage caused by collision between offshore photovoltaic carriers, and facilitate the mutual opening and closing of the photovoltaic carriers.
  • the photovoltaic carrier is detachably connected to the photovoltaic carrier.
  • the connection method is one or both of snap connection and sleeve connection, and more preferably, sleeve connection.
  • the photovoltaic carriers in the water environment of the present invention are not directly connected and fixed.
  • the adjacent photovoltaic carriers are connected through steel wire ropes.
  • the photovoltaic carriers are set on the steel cables through the connection structure 5 located around the lower component 2, so that multiple water environment photovoltaic carriers can be connected and fixed.
  • the carriers are connected together to form a photovoltaic array, and adjacent photovoltaic carriers can rotate along the vertical direction of the steel cable.
  • This connection method allows the adjacent photovoltaic carriers to rotate around the wire rope within a certain range when the photovoltaic carriers and photovoltaic modules in the water environment are impacted by water flow, thereby reducing the damage caused by the impact of water flow to the photovoltaic carriers, photovoltaic modules and their connecting parts. .
  • the lower part of the photovoltaic carrier 2 is provided with grooves 4 around its periphery.
  • Each groove 4 is provided with a connecting structure 5.
  • the connecting structure 5 is set on a steel wire for use in a water environment.
  • the interconnection between photovoltaic carriers, the connection structure 5 and the lower component 2 of the photovoltaic carrier are integrally connected, as shown in Figure 1.
  • connection structure 5 The integrated connection can make the connection structure 5 have a better force-bearing effect, avoid the connection structure 5 from breaking, and improve the tolerance and wind and wave resistance of the photovoltaic carrier.
  • the number of grooves 4 on the long side of the photovoltaic carrier lower component 2 is preferably 2 to 12, and more preferably 3 to 12.
  • the distance between adjacent grooves 4 on the long sides of the lower component 2 is equal, and the distance between adjacent grooves 4 on the long sides is 400-700mm, preferably 500-600mm, and more preferably 550mm.
  • the number of grooves 4 on the short side of the photovoltaic carrier lower component 2 is preferably 2 to 12, and more preferably 3 to 12.
  • the distance between adjacent grooves 4 in the short sides of the lower component 2 is equal, and the distance between adjacent grooves 4 in the short sides is 400-700mm, preferably 500-600mm, and more preferably 550mm.
  • connection structure 5 includes a stainless steel sleeve 51 and a connecting piece 52.
  • One side of the connecting piece 52 is connected to the photovoltaic carrier lower component 2, and the other side opposite to it is connected to the stainless steel sleeve 51.
  • the photovoltaic carrier passes through
  • the stainless steel sleeve 51 is installed on the wire rope, as shown in Figure 5.
  • each connection structure 5 includes one or two stainless steel sleeves 51.
  • the two stainless steel sleeves are located at both ends of the connecting piece 52.
  • the connection structure 5 is in a concave shape and connects a stainless steel sleeve.
  • the stainless steel casing is located in the middle of the connecting piece 52, and the connecting structure 5 is in a convex shape.
  • the convex connecting structure can be embedded in the concave connecting structure, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • any adjacent two sides of the lower component 2 are all provided with concave-shaped connection structures, and all other two sides are provided with convex-shaped connection structures.
  • This arrangement can ensure that the concave-shaped connection structures and the convex-shaped connection structures of two adjacent photovoltaic carriers are consistent with each other. Fitting, after being set on the steel wire rope, it presents a "hinge"-like structure, as shown in Figure 5. When encountering wind and waves, the photovoltaic carrier can rotate along the vertical direction of the steel wire rope, as shown in Figure 7, and is embedded at the same time.
  • the combination method can also avoid relative displacement along the axial direction of the steel wire cable between adjacent photovoltaic carriers when encountering wind and waves, as shown in Figure 11.
  • the present invention adopts the above connection method, so that when the photovoltaic floating body array in a water environment is impacted by water flow, it can rotate along the vertical direction of the steel wire rope within a certain range to reduce the damage to the photovoltaic carrier and its connecting parts caused by the impact of water flow.
  • the material of the water photovoltaic carrier of the present invention is a high molecular polymer.
  • the high molecular polymer mainly provides buoyancy and strength, and at the same time integrates the internal skeleton, connecting components, etc. of the photovoltaic carrier.
  • the combination is an integrated photovoltaic carrier.
  • the photovoltaic carrier is a solid floating body to withstand the impact of sea ice.
  • the tensile strength of the high molecular polymer is higher than 0.4MPa, preferably higher than 15MPa.
  • the polymer is also corrosion-resistant and can avoid chemical corrosion, biological corrosion and electrochemical corrosion in the marine environment.
  • the polymer also has a certain degree of elasticity and can withstand the dynamic load caused by the impact of waves. .
  • the internal skeleton support is a rectangular bracket. As shown in Figure 8, it is a support component and internal skeleton used for the production and molding of photovoltaic carriers.
  • the peripheral part of the rectangular bracket of the lower component 2 has The reinforced fiber mesh structure, as shown in Figure 8, effectively improves the strength of the substructure 2 and the entire photovoltaic floating body, and improves its ability to resist wind and waves.
  • the internal support structure can be made of wood, bamboo and other materials.
  • the overall buoyancy of the photovoltaic carrier in the water environment is much greater than the weight of the photovoltaic module.
  • the buoyancy of the photovoltaic carrier of the present invention is higher than 200kg/unit, which can satisfy the damage of floating body materials and the growth of marine fouling organisms.
  • the photovoltaic modules are embedded in the water body photovoltaic carrier, and the photovoltaic modules are installed horizontally in the photovoltaic carrier. Horizontal installation can reduce the impact of wind and waves on photovoltaic modules.
  • a groove is provided on the inner wall of the upper component 1, and the height of the groove is slightly greater than the thickness of the photovoltaic module to ensure that the photovoltaic module can be embedded in the groove, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the photovoltaic module is installed in an area with less wind and waves, such as an inland lake, the photovoltaic module is installed on the photovoltaic carrier at a certain tilt angle.
  • the photovoltaic brackets installed on the same side have the same length and are located at The length of the photovoltaic bracket on the same side is different from the length of the photovoltaic bracket on the opposite side, so that the photovoltaic modules are installed on the photovoltaic carrier at a certain inclination angle, so that the photovoltaic modules have an inclination angle to achieve the optimal power generation effect.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for assembling a photovoltaic array.
  • the photovoltaic array is assembled from the photovoltaic floating body described in the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the assembly method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Embed photovoltaic components into photovoltaic carriers to obtain photovoltaic floating bodies.
  • the photovoltaic module When the photovoltaic module is installed in the photovoltaic carrier at a horizontal angle, the photovoltaic module is embedded in the groove on the inner wall of the upper component 1 to obtain a photovoltaic unit.
  • the photovoltaic module When the photovoltaic module is installed on the photovoltaic carrier at a certain tilt angle, first install the photovoltaic bracket in the four holes of the upper component 2.
  • the length of the photovoltaic bracket installed on the same side is different from the length of the photovoltaic bracket on the opposite side.
  • Step 2 Each photovoltaic floating body is connected through steel wire ropes to obtain a photovoltaic array.
  • Each photovoltaic floating body is mounted on the steel wire through the connection structure in the lower part 2 of the photovoltaic carrier, so that multiple offshore photovoltaic floating bodies are connected together to form an array, thereby obtaining an offshore photovoltaic array.
  • the photovoltaic carrier and the photovoltaic floating body of the present invention are spliced into a closed structure.
  • the buoyancy of the photovoltaic carrier on the water and the atmospheric pressure work together to form an integrated suction cup structure.
  • the photovoltaic carrier is made to fit on the water surface like a suction cup.
  • the buoyancy of the carrier prevents the floating body from sinking into the water.
  • the effect of atmospheric pressure prevents the whole body from leaving the water surface, thus achieving the effect of being attached to the water surface. Enhance the wind and wave resistance of the photovoltaic carrier;
  • the photovoltaic floating body of the present invention realizes that a water environment photovoltaic carrier corresponds to a The installation method of each photovoltaic module, if one of the photovoltaic carriers or modules is damaged, can be disassembled and replaced separately, avoiding the complicated overall installation and replacement method;
  • the integrated photovoltaic floating body in the water environment of the present invention is easy and fast to install and has high laying efficiency. It is different from the shortcomings of traditional floating photovoltaic carriers on water that require multiple connection points and are difficult to splice together.
  • the overall structure of the water environment photovoltaic floating body of the present invention is solid, which solves the problem that the floating photovoltaic carrier cannot work normally in an environment with relatively harsh sea conditions;
  • the water environment photovoltaic floating body of the present invention is different from the traditional floating body spliced empty box. It has an integrated carrier structure.
  • the photovoltaic carrier has built-in mesh fibers to strengthen the fixed support. At the same time, it has good wind and wave resistance and can realize photovoltaic Construction of power stations;
  • the photovoltaic floating body units of the present invention are connected to each other through steel wire ropes. When impacted by water flow, the photovoltaic floating body can rotate along the vertical direction of the steel wire rope, which can effectively reduce the impact of water flow on the photovoltaic floating body and its connecting parts. damage and extend the service life of the photovoltaic floating body.
  • the terms “upper”, “lower”, “inner”, “outer”, “front”, “rear”, etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the working state of the present invention.
  • the orientation or positional relationship is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention.
  • the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and “fourth” are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • an integrated connection is common; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary
  • a connection can be an internal connection between two components.

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Abstract

一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体及其安装方法，该光伏浮体包括光伏载体和光伏组件，光伏载体包括一体式成型的上层部件（1）和下层部件（2），上层部件(1)和下层部件(2)均为扁平的长方体状，上层部件(1)位于下层部件(2)上方的中间位置，在下层部件(2)的中间位置设置中空部分(3)，中空部分(3)贯穿下层部件(2)。通过设置中空部分，使光伏浮体下方气体被水面封闭，在浮力与大气压强的共同作用下，使得光伏浮体类似吸盘一样贴合在水面上，提高了光伏浮体的抗风浪能力。

Description

一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体及安装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及海上光伏领域，具体涉及一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体及安装方法。
背景技术
随时光伏技术的发展，光伏已大规模成体系的运用在各个领域。随着对石油石化行业的带来的环保问题日益突出，清洁绿色能源问题越来越得到重视。
随着光伏产业的全球发展，光伏已被布设在各个地区，尤其是在用地成本较低的地区。比如，西北、内陆湖等。其中水上漂浮式光伏便是其中一种，既不占用土地资源，又不会受到障碍物遮蔽，具有高发电、高产能、易于其他产业相结合的优势。目前水上漂浮式光伏已经在国内各大水库、湖泊、鱼塘等大规模应用。
目前，淡水大型水库应用的漂浮式光伏采用多浮体拼接的方式，即一个光伏组件需要多个光伏载体。光伏组件与光伏组件之间通过浮体之间的塑料组件连接。该连接方式存在一些问题，比如连接部分损坏后可连接件强度要求高，
目前，海洋具有广阔的面积，且远远大于陆地的面积总和，具有丰富的开发空间。但海洋中的风浪的频率及强度大于内陆地区。受海上风浪的影响，一般光伏载体的浮力及结构强度不满足使用条件，且容易损坏而无法工作，进而造成财务方面的损失。基于此，本发明也设计了一种用于咸水环境的漂浮式光伏载体，以解决上述问题，弥补海洋漂浮式光伏的短板。
发明内容
基于上述技术背景，本发明人提供了一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体，该光伏浮体包括光伏载体和光伏组件，光伏组件以水平嵌入的方式安装在光伏载体中，所述光伏载体包括一体式成型的上层部件和下层部件，上层部件的长和宽均小于下层部件，下层部件为浮体结构，呈扁平状，上层部件用于安装光伏组件，在下层部件的中间部分设置中空部分，该中空部分相当于吸盘，当光伏组件安装至光伏载体上后形成密闭结构，光伏载体下表面设置的中空部分使其下方气体被水面封闭，在浮力与大气压强的共同作用下，可以使该光伏浮体类似吸盘一样贴合在水面上，在光伏载体的浮力和光伏载体“吸力”的共同作用下，有效提高光伏浮体的抗风浪能力。如果在风浪较小的地区，可通过光伏载体上层部分的四个孔洞安装支撑光伏组件的光伏支架，使光伏组件具有倾斜角达到最优发电效果。各光伏浮体单元之间通过钢丝索连接，方便拆卸更换，此外，遇到水流冲击时，光伏浮体可在一定范围内绕钢丝索发生旋转，减少水流冲击造成的破坏，进一步提高抗风浪能力，且该光伏浮体安装拆卸方便，省时省力。
本发明第一方面在于提供一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体，该光伏浮体包括光伏载体和光伏组件，所述光伏载体包括上层部件1和下层部件2，上层部件1和下层部件2为一体式成型，上层部件1和下层部件2均为扁平的长方体状，上层部件1位于下层部件2上方的中间位置；
在下层部件2的中间位置设置中空部分3，该中空部分3贯穿下层部件2。
上层部件1的长和宽均小于下层部件2的长和宽；
下层部件2呈扁平状，下层部件2的上表面朝外部向下倾斜，其与下表面之间形成锐角；
所述中空部分3为圆柱状、圆锥状或长方体状，优选为长方体状。
所述下层部件2比上层部件1长100-300mm，下层部件2比上层部件1宽100-300mm；
下层部件2比中空部分3长100-400mm，下层部件2比中空部分3宽100-400mm。
相邻光伏载体之间通过可拆卸的方式相连接，优选连接方式为卡扣连接、套筒连接中的一种或几种，更优选为套筒连接。
相邻光伏载体之间通过钢丝索连接，光伏载体通过位于下层部件2周边的连接结构5套装在钢丝索上，光伏载体可沿钢丝索的垂直方向进行旋转。
光伏载体下层部件2的周边设有凹槽4，每个凹槽4内均设有连接结构5，连接结构5套在钢丝索上，连接结构5与光伏载体下层部件2为一体式连接。
所述光伏载体下层部件2长边的凹槽4数量为2～12个；
下层部件2长边的相邻凹槽4之间的距离相等，长边相邻凹槽4之间的距离为400-700mm；
光伏载体下层部件2短边的凹槽4数量优选为2～12个；
下层部件2短边中相邻凹槽4之间的距离相等，短边相邻凹槽4之间的距离为400-700mm。
所述连接结构5包括不锈钢套管51和连接片52，连接片52一边连接光伏载体下层部件2，与其相对的另一边连接不锈钢套管51。
本发明第二方面在于提供一种光伏阵列的组装方法，所述光伏阵列由本发明第一方面所述的光伏浮体组装得到，所述组装方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1、光伏组件嵌入光伏载体中，得到光伏浮体；
步骤2、各光伏浮体通过钢丝索连接，得到光伏阵列。
附图说明
图1示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏载体俯视图；
图2示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏载体主视图；
图3示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏载体左视图；
图4示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏载体与安装光伏组件后的剖视图；
图5示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏浮体连接结构的示意图；
图6示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏浮体连接后的俯视图；
图7示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏浮体连接后的左视图；
图8示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏浮体内部结构示意图；
图9示出本发明一种优选实施方式地在淡水环境中安装光伏组件的结构示意图；
图10示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水平安装光伏组件的结构示意图；
图11示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏阵列随波浪摆动的示意图。
图12示出本发明一种优选实施方式地水体环境光伏浮体底部设计示意图。
附图标号说明
1-上层部件；
2-下层部件；
3-中空部分；
4-凹槽；
5-连接结构；
51-不锈钢套管；
52-连接片。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明进行详细说明，本发明的特点和优点将随着这些说明而变得更为清楚、明确。
本发明第一方面在于提供一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体，该光伏浮体包括光伏载体和光伏组件，所述光伏载体包括上层部件1和下层部件2，上层部件1和下层部件2为一体式成型，上层部件1和下层部件2均为扁平的长方体状，上层部件1位于下层部件2上方的中间位置，如图1和图4所示。
上层部件1的长和宽均小于下层部件2的长和宽，如图2和图3所示。上层部件用于放置和固定光伏组件。光伏载体的下层部件2为浮体结构，呈现扁平状。
下层部件2中间位置设置中空部分3，除中空部分外，光伏载体总体呈实心结构，优选该中空部分3贯穿下层部件2，如图4所示，作为光伏载体吸盘结构的一部分，当光伏组件以水平方式安装在光伏载体上后，光伏组件与光伏载体拼接成密闭结构，该光伏载体的下表面具有大面积凹陷，使其下方气体被水面封闭，水上光伏载体的浮力与大气压强共同作用下，使该光伏浮体类似吸盘一样贴合在 水面上，当光伏组件与光伏载体遇到风浪时，载体的浮力使得光伏浮体不下沉到水中，大气压强的作用使得整体不脱离水面，从而实现贴合水面的效果，有效提高抗大风浪的能力。
优选地，所述下层部件2比上层部件1长100-300mm，更优选下层部件2比上层部件1长150-200mm。
下层部件2比上层部件1优选宽100-300mm，更优选下层部件2比上层部件1宽150-200mm。
下层部件2和上层部件1的尺寸为上述范围时，下层部件作为浮体结构可提供足够的浮力。
在本发明一种优选地实施方式中，所述中空部分3为圆柱状、圆锥状或长方体状，优选为长方体状。
下层部件2比中空部分3长100-400mm，优选下层部件2比中空部分3长200-350mm。
下层部件2比中空部分3宽100-400mm，优选下层部件2比中空部分3宽200-350mm。
若中空部分的尺寸过大，下层部件提供的浮力不足以支撑光伏载体和光伏组件，若中空部分的尺寸过小，中空部分提供的“吸力”不足，光伏载体贴合水面的效果差，中空部分的尺寸为上述范围时，该中空部分可提供足够的“吸力”，使光伏载体贴合水面，同时下层部件提供的浮力较大，中空部分和下层部件协同作用，使光伏载体的抗风浪能力有效提高。
根据本发明一种优选地实施方式，光伏载体下层部件2的上表面存在条纹状或水波纹状的纹路，如图1所示，用于工作人员行走时的防滑结构，同时可用作排水结构。
根据本发明一种优选地实施方式，浮体下方存在1-5cm的吸水层，如图11和12所示。当浮体水平漂浮在水面时，吸水层不会影响浮体的浮力。当风浪较大导致浮体翻转并一侧升起离开水面时，吸 水层中水体的重量会影响浮体,以水的本身的重力来抵抗风力。海上光伏载体下层部件2的边缘剖面为圆弧形，可减少水流冲击，防止海上光伏载体之间碰撞而造成损坏，同时利于光伏载体之间相互开合。
光伏载体与光伏载体之间通过可拆卸的方式连接，优选连接方式为卡扣连接、套筒连接中的一种或两种，更优选为套筒连接。
本发明所述水体环境光伏载体之间不是直接连接固定，相邻光伏载体之间通过钢丝索连接，光伏载体通过位于下层部件2周边的连接结构5套装在钢丝索上，使多个水体环境光伏载体之间连接在一起形成光伏阵列，相邻光伏载体之间可沿钢丝索的垂直方向进行旋转。
该连接方式可使水体环境光伏载体和光伏组件受到水流冲击时，相邻光伏载体可以在一定范围内绕钢丝索发生旋转，以此减少水流冲击对光伏载体和光伏组件及其连接部分造成的破坏。
在本发明一种优选地实施方式中，光伏载体下层部件2的周边设有凹槽4，每个凹槽4内均设有连接结构5，连接结构5套装在钢丝索上，用于水体环境光伏载体之间的相互连结，连接结构5与光伏载体下层部件2为一体式连接，如图1所示。
一体式连接可使连接结构5的受力效果更好，避免连接结构5断裂，提高光伏载体的耐受力和抗风浪能力。
所述光伏载体下层部件2长边的凹槽4数量优选为2～12个，更优选为3～12个。
下层部件2长边的相邻凹槽4之间的距离相等，长边相邻凹槽4之间的距离为400-700mm，优选为500-600mm，更优选为550mm。
光伏载体下层部件2短边的凹槽4数量优选为2～12个，更优选为3～12个。
可有效将相邻光伏载体之间连接起来，并提供足够的连接力， 避免风浪较大时，由于连接力不足导致相邻光伏载体之间发生断连。
下层部件2短边中相邻凹槽4之间的距离相等，短边相邻凹槽4之间的距离为400-700mm，优选为500-600mm，更优选为550mm。
在本发明进一步优选地实施方式中，所述连接结构5包括不锈钢套管51和连接片52，连接片52一边连接光伏载体下层部件2，与其相对的另一边连接不锈钢套管51，光伏载体通过不锈钢套管51套装在钢丝索上，如图5所示。
通过不锈钢套管进行安装可避免钢丝索对连接结构造成磨损，延长使用寿命。
优选地，每个连接结构5包括一个或两个不锈钢套管51，包括两个不锈钢套管时，两个不锈钢套管分别位于连接片52的两端，连接结构5呈凹字形，连接一个不锈钢套管时，不锈钢套管位于连接片52的中间位置，连接结构5呈凸字形，凸字形连接结构可嵌合在凹字形连接结构中，如图5和图6所示。
更优选地，下层部件2任意相邻的两边全部设置凹字形连接结构，另外两边全部设置凸字形连接结构，这样的设置方式可保证相邻两光伏载体的凹字形连接结构和凸字形连接结构相嵌合，套装在钢丝索上后呈现类似“合页”的结构，如图5所示，遇到风浪时，光伏载体可沿钢丝索的垂直方向进行旋转，如图7所示，同时相嵌合的方式还可避免遇到风浪时，相邻光伏载体之间沿钢丝索的轴向发生相对位移，随风浪摆动，如图11所示。
本发明采用上述连接方式，可使水体环境光伏浮体阵列受到水流冲击的时候，在一定范围内沿钢丝绳索的垂直方向发生旋转来减少水流冲击对光伏载体及其连接部分的破坏。
本发明所述水体光伏载体的材质为高分子聚合物，高分子聚合物主要提供浮力和强度，同时将光伏载体的内部骨架、连接构件等 组合为一体式光伏载体。光伏载体为实芯浮体，以扺抗海冰的冲击。
所述高分子聚合物的拉伸强度高于0.4MPa，优选高于15MPa。同时该高分子聚合物还具有耐腐蚀性，避免海洋环境中的化学腐蚀、生物腐蚀和电化学腐蚀等，此外，高分子聚合物还具有一定的弹性，能够耐受海浪冲击所造成的动载荷。
上层部件1和下层部件2内部分别存在内部骨架支撑，内部骨架支撑为矩形支架，如图8所示，用于光伏载体生产成型的支撑部件及内部骨架，下层部件2的矩形支架周边部分存在用于加固的纤维网状结构，如图8所示，有效提高下层结构2及整个光伏浮体的强度，提高其抗风浪能力。内部支撑结构可采用木材、毛竹等材料。
该水体环境光伏载体的整体浮力远大于光伏组件的重量，本发明所述光伏载体的浮力高于200kg/块，满足浮体材料损坏及海洋污损生物的生长。
根据本发明一种优选地实施方式，在风浪较大的地区，如海上，光伏组件嵌入在水体光伏载体上，光伏组件呈水平方式安装在光伏载体中。水平的安装方式可减小风浪对光伏组件的影响。
具体地，上层部件1内壁设置一圈凹槽，该凹槽的高度略大于光伏组件的厚度，保证光伏组件可内嵌在该凹槽中，如图10所示。
根据本发明另一种优选地实施方式，如果在风浪较小的地区，如内陆湖等，光伏组件以一定倾斜角度安装在光伏载体上。
具体地，光伏载体上层部件2的四角对称设置四个孔洞，该孔洞用于安装光伏支架，光伏支架上安装光伏组件，如图9所示，安装在同一边的光伏支架具有相同的长度，位于同一边的光伏支架的长度与其相对的另一边光伏支架的长度不同，使光伏组件以一定的倾斜角安装在光伏载体上，使光伏组件具有倾斜角达到最优发电效果。
本发明第二方面在于提供一种光伏阵列的组装方法，所述光伏阵列由本发明第一方面所述的光伏浮体组装得到，所述组装方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1、光伏组件嵌入光伏载体中，得到光伏浮体。
当光伏组件以水平角度安装在光伏载体中时，光伏组件嵌入上层部件1内壁的凹槽中，得到光伏单元。
当光伏组件以一定倾斜角度安装在光伏载体上时，先将光伏支架安装在上层部件2的四个孔洞中，安装在同一边的光伏支架的长度与其相对的另一边光伏支架的长度不同，再将光伏组件安装在光伏支架上，使光伏组件与光伏载体之间呈一定的角度。
步骤2、各光伏浮体通过钢丝索连接，得到光伏阵列。
将相邻光伏浮体下层部件2中的凸字形连接结构嵌入凹字形连接结构中，并用钢丝索穿过各连接结构的不锈钢套管中，形成类似“合页”的结构，如图5所示，并采用上述方式将各光伏浮体进行连接，如图6所示。
各光伏浮体之间通过光伏载体下层部件2中的连接结构套装在钢丝索上，使多个海上光伏浮体之间连接在一起形成阵列，得到海上光伏阵列。
本发明所具有的有益效果：
(1)本发明光伏载体与光伏浮体拼接成密闭结构，整体下表面存在大面积凹陷结构，使其下方气体被水面封闭，水上光伏载体的浮力与大气压强共同作用下，形成一体式吸盘结构，使得光伏载体类似吸盘一样贴合在水面上，当光伏组件与浮体遇到风浪时，载体的浮力使得浮体不下沉到水中，大气压强的作用使得整体不脱离水面，从而实现贴合水面的效果，增强该光伏载体的抗风浪能力；
(2)本发明所述光伏浮体实现一个水体环境光伏载体对应一 个光伏组件的安装方式，若其中一个光伏载体或组件受到破坏，可单独进行拆卸更换，避免了复杂的整体安装更换方式；
(3)本发明所述水体环境光伏浮体一体式安装方便快捷、铺设效率高，区别于传统水上漂浮式光伏载体需多连接点、多块拼接难的缺点；
(4)本发明所述水体环境光伏浮体整体结构牢固，解决了漂浮式光伏载体无法在海况较为恶劣的环境下正常工作的问题；
(5)本发明所述水体环境光伏浮体与传统浮体拼接式空箱不同，为一体式载体结构，该光伏载体内置网状纤维，加强固定支撑，同时，具有良好的抗风浪效果，能够实现光伏发电站的搭建；
(6)本发明所述各光伏浮体单元之间通过钢丝索相互连接，在受到水流冲击时，光伏浮体可沿钢丝绳索的垂直方向进行旋转，可有效减少水流冲击对光伏浮体及其连接部分的破坏，延长光伏浮体使用寿命。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于本发明工作状态下的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”“相连”“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体的连接普通；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接连接，也可以通过中间媒介间接 连接，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
以上结合了优选的实施方式对本发明进行了说明，不过这些实施方式仅是范例性的，仅起到说明性的作用。在此基础上，可以对本发明进行多种替换和改进，这些均落入本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体，其特征在于，该光伏浮体包括光伏载体和光伏组件，所述光伏载体包括上层部件(1)和下层部件(2)，上层部件(1)和下层部件(2)为一体式成型，上层部件(1)和下层部件(2)均为扁平的长方体状，上层部件(1)位于下层部件(2)上方的中间位置；
    在下层部件(2)的中间位置设置中空部分(3)，该中空部分(3)贯穿下层部件(2)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    上层部件(1)的长和宽均小于下层部件(2)的长和宽；
    下层部件(2)的上表面朝外部向下倾斜，其与下表面之间形成锐角；
    所述中空部分(3)为圆柱状、圆锥状或长方体状，优选为长方体状。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    所述下层部件(2)比上层部件(1)长100-300mm，下层部件(2)比上层部件(1)宽100-300mm。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    下层部件(2)比中空部分(3)长100-400mm，下层部件(2)比中空部分(3)宽100-400mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    相邻光伏载体之间通过可拆卸的方式相连接，优选连接方式为卡扣连接、套筒连接中的一种或两种，更优选为套筒连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    相邻光伏载体之间通过钢丝索连接，光伏载体通过位于下层部件(2)周边的连接结构(5)套装在钢丝索上，光伏载体可沿钢丝索的垂直方向进行旋转。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    光伏载体下层部件(2)的周边设有凹槽(4)，每个凹槽(4)内均设有连接结构(5)，连接结构(5)套在钢丝索上，连接结构(5)与光伏载体下层部件(2)为一体式连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    所述光伏载体下层部件(2)长边的凹槽(4)数量为2～12个；
    下层部件(2)长边相邻凹槽(4)之间的距离相等，长边相邻凹槽(4)之间的距离为400-700mm；
    光伏载体下层部件(2)短边的凹槽(4)数量优选为2～12个；
    下层部件(2)短边相邻凹槽(4)之间的距离相等，短边相邻凹槽(4)之间的距离为400-700mm。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的光伏浮体，其特征在于，
    所述连接结构(5)包括不锈钢套管(51)和连接片(52)，连接片(52)一边连接光伏载体下层部件(2)，与其相对的另一边连接不锈钢套管(51)。
  10. 一种光伏阵列的组装方法，所述光伏阵列由权利要求1至9之一所述的光伏浮体组装得到，所述组装方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤1、光伏组件嵌入光伏载体中，得到光伏浮体；
    步骤2、各光伏浮体通过钢丝索连接，得到光伏阵列。
PCT/CN2023/107960 2022-08-17 2023-07-18 一种抗浪型水体环境中使用的光伏浮体及安装方法 WO2024037270A1 (zh)

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