WO2024036819A1 - 年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法及装置 - Google Patents

年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2024036819A1
WO2024036819A1 PCT/CN2022/136621 CN2022136621W WO2024036819A1 WO 2024036819 A1 WO2024036819 A1 WO 2024036819A1 CN 2022136621 W CN2022136621 W CN 2022136621W WO 2024036819 A1 WO2024036819 A1 WO 2024036819A1
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stratigraphic
cycle
chronostratigraphic
sedimentary
domain
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈茂山
于海生
曹来圣
邓丽
李红
黄燕
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中国石油天然气集团有限公司
中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司
中油油气勘探软件国家工程研究中心有限公司
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Publication of WO2024036819A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024036819A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of seismic signal processing, and specifically to a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method, a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis device and a machine-readable storage medium.
  • Strata is the general term for all layered rocks on the earth's surface or in the lithosphere. It is a layer or a group of rock layers that have certain consistent or similar lithological and physical characteristics and are clearly different from the layers above and below.
  • the main types of formations include volcanic formations, metamorphic formations and sedimentary formations. Strata can be separated by obvious layers or sedimentary discontinuities, or by less obvious characteristic boundaries such as lithology, contained fossils, mineral composition or chemical composition, and physical properties.
  • sedimentary strata are areas rich in energy mineral resources such as oil and natural gas, and are of great significance to the exploration and development of mineral resources such as oil and natural gas.
  • sedimentary strata Compared with strata of volcanic origin and metamorphic origin, the biggest characteristic of sedimentary strata is its rhythmic nature, that is, the lithology and physical properties (such as grain size, porosity, etc.) of sedimentary strata often show regular alternating changes. For example, in clastic rock sedimentary strata, sandstone strata and mudstone strata are usually deposited alternately, and the physical properties of the strata will also show alternating characteristics.
  • Geophysical data (including seismic data, well logging data, etc.) are the geophysical responses of the lithology and physical properties of geological bodies, which lead to regular changes in the spectrum of seismic waveforms.
  • Time-frequency analysis technology can expand the one-dimensional time domain seismic wave signal into two-dimensional time-frequency domain information, so that the cycle characteristics of the formation can be clearly expressed. Therefore, the sedimentary cycle inside the sedimentary body can be clearly found in the spectrum chart. Structure.
  • Seismic signals are the seismic response of underground strata (seismic waves will reflect, refract or transmit at the stratigraphic interface) and carry rich stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics. Analysis and excavation of stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics is an important part of seismic interpretation. It is of great significance for oil and gas exploration and development.
  • the chronostratigraphic body can accurately represent the spatial form of the strata, if the strata continue to be deposited and have not been denuded, the corresponding layers in the chronostratigraphic body will be continuous. However, when the stratigraphy is missing, the corresponding layers will be interrupted and pinched out. From the perspective of the entire stratigraphic depositional history, this phenomenon of alternating continuity and pinch-out is the embodiment of stratigraphic depositional cycles. Therefore, sedimentary cycle analysis can be realized based on the denudation amount of layers in the chronological stratigraphic body, which provides another method for stratigraphic sedimentary cycle analysis.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method and device.
  • the chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method and device are used to solve the above-mentioned stratigraphic sedimentation characteristic analysis, which mainly relies on seismic, well logging, etc. Manual interpretation of geophysical data is inefficient and inaccurate, and is easily affected by various factors, resulting in unobjective analysis results. When the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is low, the accuracy of time-frequency analysis results is low and the results are not stable enough. The problem.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method, including:
  • transforming all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain includes:
  • the full-layer spatial correction technology is used to transform all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain, including:
  • the layer value at the intersection point will be used as the reference layer value of the layer
  • linear interpolation is used to obtain the reference layer value of the layer
  • a reference horizon value sequence is obtained based on the reference horizon value of each horizon;
  • the horizon values at the remaining positions in each horizon are replaced with the reference horizon values corresponding to the horizon.
  • the reference point is the center of the seismic work area or the CMP point where the thickness of the sedimentary strata is maximum.
  • extracting a sequence of depositional discontinuities or stratigraphic erosion amounts based on the endpoint positions of each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain including:
  • the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence is extracted.
  • the formation deposition cycle sequence obtained based on the formation deposition cycle curve includes:
  • the stratum is divided into multiple stratigraphic deposition cycle segments connected end to end, and the cycle type of each stratigraphic deposition cycle segment is determined;
  • the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle curve is converted into a stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence.
  • the waveform characteristic points include wave peaks, wave troughs and zero-crossing points;
  • the cycle types include forward cycles and anti-cycles;
  • the method of dividing the stratum into multiple stratigraphic sedimentation cycle segments connected end to end based on the waveform characteristic points, and determining the cycle type of each stratigraphic sedimentation cycle segment includes:
  • the strata between two adjacent zero-crossing points are determined as a stratigraphic sedimentation cycle section
  • the cycle type of the formation sedimentation cycle section is determined to be a positive cycle
  • the cycle type of the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle section is determined to be an anti-cycle.
  • converting the stratigraphic sedimentation cycle curve into a stratigraphic sedimentation cycle sequence includes:
  • the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence is formed.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis device, including:
  • the chronostratigraphic body analysis module is used to perform multi-layer tracking of seismic data using layer tracking technology to obtain the chronostratigraphic body;
  • the chronostratigraphic domain transformation module is used to transform all the layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain;
  • the sedimentation discontinuity and stratigraphic erosion amount extraction module is used to extract the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence based on the endpoint position of each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain;
  • a formation sedimentation cycle curve conversion module used to convert the deposition discontinuity or formation erosion amount sequence into a formation sedimentation cycle curve
  • a stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence output module is used to obtain a stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence based on the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle curve.
  • the present invention provides a machine-readable storage medium. Instructions are stored on the machine-readable storage medium. The instructions are used to cause the machine to execute the above-mentioned chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method.
  • This technical solution uses layer tracking technology to perform multi-layer tracking on seismic data to obtain a chronostratigraphic body; then transforms all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain; based on each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain At the endpoint position, the sedimentation discontinuity or formation erosion amount sequence is extracted; and then the depositional discontinuity or formation erosion amount sequence is converted into a formation deposition cycle curve through linear interpolation; finally, based on the formation deposition cycle curve, a formation deposition cycle sequence is obtained.
  • the erosion amount of the layers can be used to realize sedimentary cycle analysis, with high analysis efficiency, accuracy and objectivity, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of seismic interpretation, help analyze the sedimentary characteristics of the strata, and then discover potential oil and gas reservoirs.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional seismic section provided by the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of the chronostratigraphic body obtained based on the seismic data in Figure 2 provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the chronostratigraphic domain provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution positions of stratigraphic endpoints in the chronostratigraphic domain provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the stratigraphic sedimentation cycle curve extracted from the chronostratigraphic domain provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a formation sedimentation cycle sequence obtained based on a formation sedimentation cycle curve provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG 1 is a flow chart of the chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional seismic section provided by the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a chronostratigraphic obtained based on the seismic data in Figure 2 provided by the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the chronostratigraphic domain provided by the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution position of stratigraphic endpoints in the chronostratigraphic domain provided by the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the chronostratigraphic domain extracted from the chronostratigraphic domain provided by the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a stratigraphic deposition cycle sequence obtained based on a stratigraphic sedimentation cycle curve provided by the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis device provided by the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method, including:
  • Step 101 Use the layer tracking technology to perform multi-layer tracking on the seismic data to obtain the chronological stratigraphic body
  • Step 102 Convert all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain;
  • Step 103 Based on the endpoint position of each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain, extract the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence;
  • Step 104 Convert the deposition discontinuity or formation erosion amount sequence into a formation deposition cycle curve
  • Step 105 Based on the formation sedimentation cycle curve, obtain a formation sedimentation cycle sequence.
  • multi-layer simultaneous tracking of seismic data to form a chronological stratigraphic body refers to extracting stratigraphic interface information from seismic data based on multi-layer simultaneous tracking technology to form a series of seismic layers and classify them according to strata. All seismic horizons are orderly grouped into relatively chronological stratigraphic bodies in order from newest to oldest.
  • Chronostratigraphic body also known as relative geological chronological stratigraphic body or seismic stratigraphic body, refers to a series of seismic horizons extracted from seismic data by using the stratigraphic reflection interface characteristics and stratigraphic deposition characteristics contained in seismic reflection waves.
  • This data volume is composed of a series of seismic layers that can represent the geological age of the strata in order from new to old. The layers can be used to characterize the spatial shape and relative geology of the strata corresponding to the layers. Era.
  • Multi-layer simultaneous tracking refers to a layer tracking technology that divides the entire seismic work area into a series of small blocks, tracks a group of layers simultaneously in each small block in a certain order, and then divides the layers between blocks.
  • the bits are connected in an orderly manner and combined into a chronostratigraphic body.
  • the chronostratigraphic body is an isochronous stratigraphic framework extracted from seismic data based on the "relative chronostratigraphic body" proposed by Stark et al. (2003). Since each seismic layer in the chronostratigraphic body corresponds to a certain underground stratigraphic reflection interface or a spatial surface parallel to it, the chronostratigraphic body can be used to indicate or describe the spatial form of the formation and the sedimentary characteristics of the formation.
  • the single-layer tracking mode refers to tracking only one layer at a time, and densifying the layers when the layer interval is greater than a certain threshold, and then combining these layers into chronostratigraphic bodies according to the sequence of stratigraphic deposition where the layers are located.
  • the multi-layer tracking mode refers to dividing the entire seismic work area into a series of small blocks, tracking a group of layers in each small block at the same time in a certain order, and then connecting the layers between blocks according to certain rules, and The combination is a chronostratigraphic body. Obviously, the chronostratigraphic body generated by the multi-layer tracking model is more consistent with the laws of stratigraphic deposition than the single-layer tracking model.
  • the obtained chronostratigraphic domain is a way to represent the relative geological age of strata, by vertically translating all the layer points in each layer in the chronostratigraphic body to the same time (this time corresponds to the unique relative geological time).
  • Geological time each layer has its own unique relative geological time attribute.
  • the relative geological time attribute is usually expressed by the layer serial number. A small serial number indicates a new stratum, a large serial number indicates an old stratum, and the new stratum is located in the old layer. above the ground.
  • step 103 by determining the endpoint values of each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain, the distance between each endpoint value and the boundary of the seismic profile can be obtained, which can be used as the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount to obtain the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphy of each layer.
  • the sedimentary discontinuity or stratigraphic denudation amount sequence of the chronostratigraphic domain can be obtained.
  • step 104 converting the sedimentation discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence into a stratigraphic deposition cycle curve includes linearly interpolating the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence using a linear interpolation algorithm to form a uniform sampling curve consistent with the seismic waveform sampling interval. , and named it as stratigraphic sedimentation cycle curve.
  • a formation deposition cycle sequence is obtained, which specifically includes normalizing, filtering, and other processing on the formation deposition cycle curve, and then constructing a sequence based on the waveform characteristics of the processed formation deposition cycle curve.
  • the sequence of stratigraphic sedimentary cycles is revealed.
  • the transformation of all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain includes:
  • the full-layer spatial correction technology can be understood as Common Center Point (CMP) layer correction, which restores the strata to their pre-deposition state based on the geological age of the strata corresponding to each stratum.
  • CMP Common Center Point
  • full-layer spatial correction technology to transform all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain includes:
  • the layer value at the intersection point will be used as the reference layer value of the layer
  • linear interpolation is used to obtain the reference layer value of the layer
  • a reference horizon value sequence is obtained based on the reference horizon value of each horizon;
  • the horizon values at the remaining positions in each horizon are replaced with the reference horizon values corresponding to the horizon.
  • a reference point is first determined in the seismic work area of the chronological stratigraphic body, and a straight line is drawn based on the reference point, usually a vertical line, which extends vertically to the entire seismic section.
  • a vertical line which extends vertically to the entire seismic section.
  • the level value corresponding to the location of the intersection point is directly used as the reference level value of the level; if the vertical line does not have an intersection point with the level (the level is blank or missing), then determine the level and For the virtual intersection point of the vertical line, linear interpolation method is used to interpolate the reference layer value of the virtual intersection point to obtain the reference layer value of each layer, and then the reference layer value of each layer is synthesized to form the reference layer value sequence, and finally, based on the obtained reference layer value sequence, in layer units, the layer values at the remaining positions in each layer are replaced with the reference layer value of that layer.
  • the reference point is the center of the seismic work area or the CMP point where the thickness of the sedimentary strata is maximum.
  • extracting the sedimentary discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence includes:
  • the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence is extracted.
  • the sedimentary discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence is extracted, including: sequentially counting the leftmost layer among each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain
  • the distance between the layer point with a valid value and the left boundary of the seismic profile is regarded as the amount of left stratigraphic erosion; the distance between the rightmost layer point with a valid value among the layers in the chronological stratigraphic body is calculated sequentially.
  • the distance to the right boundary of the seismic profile is taken as the right stratigraphic denudation amount, and then the average, minimum, and maximum values of the left denudation amount and the right denudation amount are calculated, respectively, and combined into the average depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic denudation amount sequence, and the minimum depositional discontinuity Or the stratigraphic erosion amount sequence and the maximum depositional discontinuity or the stratigraphic erosion amount sequence.
  • the distribution position of the stratigraphic endpoints in the chronostratigraphic domain is as shown in Figure 5.
  • a formation deposition cycle sequence including:
  • the stratum is divided into multiple stratigraphic deposition cycle segments connected end to end, and the cycle type of each stratigraphic deposition cycle segment is determined;
  • the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle curve is converted into a stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence.
  • the formation sedimentation cycle curve obtained by the above method is shown in Figure 6.
  • the formation deposition cycle curve is sequentially normalized and filtered to obtain the processed formation sedimentation cycle curve, which includes: converting the original formation sedimentation cycle curve into The sedimentary cycle curve is normalized to obtain the second formation sedimentation cycle curve.
  • the processing content includes: using the normalization processing method to transform the value range of the formation sedimentation cycle curve to [-1.0 ⁇ 1.0]; for the second formation sedimentation cycle curve, The formation sedimentation cycle curve is filtered.
  • a low-pass filter can be used to obtain the third formation sedimentation cycle curve, and then the waveform feature points are identified in the third formation deposition cycle curve.
  • the waveform feature points refer to the points on the formation sedimentation cycle curve.
  • Sampling points with obvious curvature change characteristics include extreme points and zero-crossing points.
  • extreme points include two types: peaks and troughs.
  • the steps for identifying waveform characteristic points specifically include: (1) using first-order differential vector operations to derive the third-order sedimentary cycloidal curve to obtain a first-order derivative sequence; (2) using symbolic operations to derive the first-order derivative of the formation sedimentary cycloidal curve. Process the sequence to obtain a sequence of symbolized first-order derivatives; (3) Perform flat-point filtering on the sequence of symbolized first-order derivatives, that is, set the values of all points with a symbolic first-order derivative of 0 to the gradient (trend) of the slope where they are located.
  • the waveform characteristic points include wave peaks, wave troughs and zero-crossing points;
  • the cycle types include forward cycles and anti-cycles;
  • the method of dividing the stratum into multiple stratigraphic sedimentation cycle segments connected end to end based on the waveform characteristic points, and determining the cycle type of each stratigraphic sedimentation cycle segment includes:
  • the strata between two adjacent zero-crossing points are determined as a stratigraphic sedimentation cycle section
  • the cycle type of the formation sedimentation cycle section is determined to be a positive cycle
  • the cycle type of the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle section is determined to be an anti-cycle.
  • the zero-crossing point is regarded as the stratigraphic interface. Therefore, the stratum between two adjacent zero-crossing points can be determined as a formation deposition cycle section, and there must be a layer between two adjacent zero-crossing points. There is only one maximum value. If the unique extreme point is the wave crest, the cycle type is determined to be a forward cycle, otherwise it is determined to be an anti-cycle.
  • converting the stratigraphic sedimentation cycle curve into a stratigraphic sedimentation cycle sequence includes:
  • the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence is formed.
  • the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence is a triangular stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence.
  • the specific steps of obtaining the triangular stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence include: drawing a triangle within the corresponding cycle segment according to the type of each stratigraphic sedimentary cycle segment, and placing the first and last phases of each triangle. Connected to form a triangular stratigraphic sedimentary cycle sequence.
  • the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle section is a positive cycle, draw an equilateral triangle, the top of the triangle is consistent with the top interface of the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle section, and the bottom of the triangle is consistent with the bottom interface of the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle section;
  • the stratigraphic sedimentary cycle section For anti-cycle draw an inverted triangle.
  • the top of the triangle is consistent with the top interface of the sedimentary cycle section of the formation.
  • the bottom of the triangle is consistent with the bottom interface of the cycle section.
  • the triangular formation sedimentation cycle sequence obtained by the above method is shown in Figure 7. .
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis device, including:
  • the chronostratigraphic body analysis module 10 is used to perform multi-layer tracking of seismic data using layer tracking technology to obtain the chronostratigraphic body;
  • the chronostratigraphic domain transformation module 20 is used to transform all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain;
  • the sedimentation discontinuity and stratigraphic erosion amount extraction module 30 is used to extract the depositional discontinuity or stratigraphic erosion amount sequence based on the endpoint position of each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain;
  • the formation deposition cycle curve conversion module 40 is used to convert the deposition discontinuity or formation erosion amount sequence into a formation deposition cycle curve
  • the formation sedimentation cycle sequence output module 50 is used to obtain the formation sedimentation cycle sequence based on the formation sedimentation cycle curve.
  • the chronostratigraphic volume analysis module 10 in this embodiment is a computer software module used to perform multi-layer tracking on seismic data using layer tracking technology to obtain a chronostratigraphic volume; the chronostratigraphic domain transformation module 20 is used to convert A computer software module that converts all layers in the chronostratigraphic body from the time domain to the chronostratigraphic domain; the sedimentation discontinuity and stratigraphic erosion amount extraction module 30 is used to extract sedimentation based on the endpoint position of each layer in the chronostratigraphic domain.
  • the computer software module is a discontinuity or formation erosion amount sequence
  • the formation deposition cycle curve conversion module 40 is a computer software module used to convert the deposition discontinuity or formation erosion amount sequence into a formation deposition cycle curve
  • the formation deposition cycle sequence output module 50 is A computer software module for obtaining a stratigraphic deposition cycle sequence based on the stratigraphic deposition cycle curve.
  • An embodiment of the present invention also provides a machine-readable storage medium, which stores instructions on the machine-readable storage medium. The instructions are used to cause the machine to execute the above-mentioned chronostratigraphic domain stratigraphic sedimentation cycle analysis method.
  • embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, devices or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment that combines software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
  • computer-usable storage media including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that causes a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction means, the instructions
  • the device implements the functions specified in a process or processes of the flowchart and/or a block or blocks of the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operating steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing, thereby executing on the computer or other programmable device.
  • Instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in a process or processes of a flowchart diagram and/or a block or blocks of a block diagram.

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Abstract

一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法，包括：利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体（101）；将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域（102）；基于年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列（103）；将沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线（104）；基于地层沉积旋回曲线得到地层沉积旋回序列（105）。还包括一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析装置和一种机器可读存储介质。年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法及装置能有效提高层序地层分析的准确度及客观性，并提高地震解释效率和精度。

Description

年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及地震信号处理技术领域，具体地涉及一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法、一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析装置及一种机器可读存储介质。
背景技术
地层是地球表面或岩石圈中一切成层岩石的总称，是一层或一组具有某种一致的或相近的岩性、物性特征并与其上下层有着明显区别的岩层。地层的主要类型包括火山成因地层、变质成因地层和沉积地层。地层之间可以由明显的层面或沉积间断面分开，也可以由岩性、所含化石、矿物成分或化学成分、物理性质等不明显的特征界限分开。
一般地，沉积地层是石油、天然气等能源类矿产资源的富集区域，对于石油、天然气等矿产资源勘探与开发具有重要意义。
相对于火山成因地层和变质成因地层，沉积地层的最大特征是其具有韵律性，即沉积地层的岩性、物性(如粒度、孔隙度等)常常是呈现有规律的交替性变化。比如，在碎屑岩沉积地层中，通常是砂岩地层与泥岩地层交替沉积，同时地层的物性特征也会呈现交替性变化特征。
由于沉积构造运动具有周期性，海(湖)平面呈现有规律性的升降，造成地层岩石物理、化学性质发生变化，表现在地层沉积具有旋回特征。地球物理资料(包括地震资料、测井资料等)是地质体岩性、物性的地球物理响应，导致地震波形的频谱发生规律性的变化。时频分析技术可以使一维的时间域地震波信号拓展为二维的时间-频率域信息，使地层的旋回特征显式地表达出来，因而在频谱图中可清楚地发现沉积体内部的沉积旋回结构特征。
地震信号是地下地层的地震响应(地震波在地层分界面处会发生反射、折射或透射等现象)，携带有丰富的地层沉积特征，对地层沉积特征进行分析和挖掘是地震解释的重要内容，其对于石油天然气勘探开发具有重要意义。
但是，现有的地层沉积特征分析主要依赖于对地震、测井等地球物理资料进行人工解释，效率低、准确性不高，且易受各种因素影响导致分析结果不够客观；利用地震时频分析技术进行过类似的研究并尝试对地层沉积旋回进行分析，当地震数据的信噪比较低，时频分析结果的精度较低且结果不够稳定。
由于年代地层体能够准确表征地层的空间形态，若地层持续沉积且未发生 剥蚀，年代地层体中对应层位是连续的，但当地层缺失时，对应层位会发生中断与尖灭现象，从整个地层沉积历史角度看，这种连续与尖灭交替出现的现象正是地层沉积旋回的体现。因此，基于年代地层体中层位的剥蚀量可实现沉积旋回分析，为地层沉积旋回分析提供了另一种手段。
发明内容
本发明实施例的目的是提供一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法及装置，该年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法及装置用以解决上述的地层沉积特征分析主要依赖于对地震、测井等地球物理资料进行人工解释，效率低、准确性不高，且易受各种因素影响导致分析结果不够客观，当地震数据的信噪比较低，时频分析结果的精度较低且结果不够稳定的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明实施例提供一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法，包括：
利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体；
将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域；
基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列；
将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线；
基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线得到地层沉积旋回序列。
可选的，所述将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域，包括：
利用全层位空间校正技术，将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域。
可选的，所述利用全层位空间校正技术，将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域，包括：
在年代地层体的地震工区中确定参考点，并基于所述参考点作垂线；
对于年代地层体中的每一层位：
若垂线与该层位具有交点，则将交点所处的层位值作为该层位的参考层位值；
若所述垂线与该层位不具有交点，则采用线性插值法得到该层位的参考层位值；
基于每一层位的参考层位值得到参考层位值序列；
基于所述参考层位值序列将每一层位中其余位置的层位值替换为该层位对应的参考层位值。
可选的，所述参考点为地震工区的中心或沉积地层厚度最大处的CMP点。
可选的，所述基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列，包括：
基于年代地层域中各层位的最左侧端点位置和最右侧端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列。
可选的，所述基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线得到地层沉积旋回序列，包括：
依次对所述地层沉积旋回曲线进行归一化处理和滤波处理，得到处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线；
在处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线上确定波形特征点；
基于所述波形特征点，将地层划分为多个首尾相接的地层沉积旋回段，以及确定每一地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型；
基于所述旋回类型，将地层沉积旋回曲线转换为地层沉积旋回序列。
可选的，所述波形特征点包括波峰、波谷和过零点；所述旋回类型包括正旋回和反旋回；
所述基于所述波形特征点，将地层划分为多个首尾相接的地层沉积旋回段，以及确定每一地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型，包括：
将相邻两个过零点之间的地层确定为一个地层沉积旋回段；
若所述地层沉积旋回段的极值点为波峰，则确定该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为正旋回；
若所述地层沉积旋回段的极值点为波谷，则确定该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为反旋回。
可选的，所述基于所述旋回类型，将地层沉积旋回曲线转换为地层沉积旋回序列，包括：
对于每一段地层沉积旋回段：
若该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为正旋回，则在该地层沉积旋回段内构建一个正三角形；
若该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为反旋回，则在该地层沉积旋回段内构建一个倒三角形；
基于构建的正三角形和/或倒三角形，形成所述地层沉积旋回序列。
本发明实施例还提供一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析装置，包括：
年代地层体分析模块，用于利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体；
年代地层域变换模块，用于将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域；
沉积间断与地层剥蚀量提取模块，用于基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列；
地层沉积旋回曲线转换模块，用于将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线；
地层沉积旋回序列输出模块，用于基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线得到地层沉积旋回序列。
另一方面，本发明提供一种机器可读存储介质，该机器可读存储介质上存储有指令，该指令用于使得机器执行上述的年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法。
通过上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果如下：
本技术方案通过利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体；然后将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域；基于年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列；再通过线性插值方式将沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线；最后，基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线，得到地层沉积旋回序列。通过上述的方法能够利用层位的剥蚀量实现沉积旋回分析，分析效率、分析准确性和客观性高，从而能够提高地震解释效率和精度，有助于对地层的沉积特征进行分析，进而发现潜在的石油天然气储层。
本发明实施例的其它特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明实施例，但并不构成对本发明实施例的限制。在附图中：
图1是本发明提供的年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法的流程图；
图2是本发明提供的二维地震剖面示意图；
图3是本发明提供的基于图2中的地震数据得到的年代地层体的示意图；
图4是本发明提供的年代地层域的示意图；
图5是本发明提供的年代地层域中地层端点的分布位置的示意图；
图6是本发明提供的从年代地层域中提取的地层沉积旋回曲线的示意图；
图7是本发明提供的基于地层沉积旋回曲线得到的地层沉积旋回序列的示意图；
图8是本发明提供的年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析装置的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
10-年代地层体分析模块；                20-年代地层域变换模块；
30-沉积间断与地层剥蚀量提取模块；      40-地层沉积旋回曲线转换模块；
50-地层沉积旋回序列输出模块。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明实施例的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明实施例，并不用于限制本发明实施例。
图1是本发明提供的年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法的流程图；图2是本发明提供的二维地震剖面示意图；图3是本发明提供的基于图2中的地震数据得到的年代地层体的示意图；图4是本发明提供的年代地层域的示意图；图5是本发明提供的年代地层域中地层端点的分布位置的示意图；图6是本发明提供的从年代地层域中提取的地层沉积旋回曲线的示意图；图7是本发明提供的基于地层沉积旋回曲线得到的地层沉积旋回序列的示意图；图8是本发明提供的年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析装置的结构示意图。
如图1-4所示，本实施例提供一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法，包括：
步骤101、利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体；
步骤102、将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域；
步骤103、基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列；
步骤104、将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线；
步骤105、基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线，得到地层沉积旋回序列。
具体地，在步骤101中对地震数据进行多层位同时追踪，形成年代地层体，是指基于多层位同时追踪技术从地震数据中提取地层界面信息，形成一系列地震层位，并按地层从新到老的顺序将所有地震层位有序组合为相对年代地层体。
年代地层体，又称相对地质年代地层体或地震地层体，是指一种利用地震反射波所蕴含的地层反射界面特征和地层沉积特征从地震数据中提取的一系列地震层位所组成的数据体，该数据体由一系列可表征地层的地质年代新老程度的地震层位按从新到老的顺序有序组成，其中的层位可用于表征该层位所对应地层的空间形态和相对地质年代。
多层位同时追踪，是指一种层位追踪技术，该技术将整个地震工区划分为一系列小块，按一定顺序在每一个小块中同时追踪出一组层位，然后将块间层位有序连接起来，并组合为年代地层体。
年代地层体是在Stark等人(2003)提出的“相对年代地层体”的基础上从地震数据中提取的一种等时地层格架体。由于年代地层体中每一个地震层位与地下某一个地层反射界面或与之相平行的空间曲面相对应，所以年代地层体可用于指示或描述地层的空间形态及地层沉积特征。
目前从地震数据中提取年代地层体主要有两种实现路径，一是单层位追踪模式，二是多层位追踪模式。单层位追踪模式是指一次仅追踪一个层位，并在层位间隔大于某一门槛值时对层位进行加密，然后将这些层位按照层位所在的地层沉积先后顺序组合为年代地层体。多层位追踪模式是指现将整个地震工区划分为一系列小块，按一定顺序在每一个小块中同时追踪出一组层位，然后按某种规则将块间层位连接起来，并组合为年代地层体。显然，多层位追踪模式比单层位追踪模式所生成的年代地层体更符合地层沉积规律。
在步骤102中，得到的年代地层域是一种表征地层相对地质年代的方式，是通过将年代地层体中各层位中所有层位点垂直平移到同样的时间(该时间对应着唯一的相对地质年代)而实现的，每一个层位都具有各自唯一的相对地质年代属性，该相对地质年代属性通常以层位序号表示，序号小表示地层新，序号大表示地层老，且新地层位于老地层之上。
在步骤103中，通过确定出年代地层域中各个层位的端点值，便能够得到各个端点值与地震剖面的边界的距离，作为沉积间断或地层剥蚀量，得到每一层的沉积间断或地层剥蚀量后便能够得到年代地层域的沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列。
在步骤104中，将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线，包括将沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列采用线性插值算法进行线性插值，形成与地震波形采样间隔一致的均匀采样曲线，并命名为地层沉积旋回曲线。
在步骤105中，基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线，得到地层沉积旋回序列，具体还包括对地层沉积旋回曲线进行归一化、滤波等处理后，再基于处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线的波形特点构建出地层沉积旋回序列。
进一步地，所述将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域，包括：
利用全层位空间校正技术，将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域。
具体地，全层位空间校正技术可以理解为共中心点(CMP)层位校正，根据各层位所对应地层的地质年代将其恢复到该地层沉积前的状态。
进一步地，所述利用全层位空间校正技术，将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域，包括：
在年代地层体的地震工区中确定参考点，并基于所述参考点作垂线；
对于年代地层体中的每一层位：
若垂线与该层位具有交点，则将交点所处的层位值作为该层位的参考层位值；
若所述垂线与该层位不具有交点，则采用线性插值法得到该层位的参考层位值；
基于每一层位的参考层位值得到参考层位值序列；
基于所述参考层位值序列将每一层位中其余位置的层位值替换为该层位对应的参考层位值。
具体地，在本实施方式中，首先在年代地层体的地震工区中确定出一个参考点，并基于该参考点作一条直线，通常为垂线，该直线垂向延伸到整个地震剖面，但是由于不同层位在沉积过程中存在空白或缺失现象，总长度不同，因此部分层位可能不会与该垂线有交点，因此，针对年代地层体中的每一层位，若垂线与该层位具有交点，则直接将交点所在位置对应的层位值作为该层位的参考层位值；若垂线与该层位不具有交点(层位存在空白或缺失)，则确定该层位与垂线的虚拟交点，采用线性插值法对该虚拟交点的参考层位值进行插值，以得到每一层位的参考层位值，再将每一层位的参考层位值综合构成参考层位值序列，最后再根据得到的参考层位值序列，以层位为单位，将每一层位中其余位置的层位值替换为该层位的参考层位值。
进一步地，所述参考点为地震工区的中心或沉积地层厚度最大处的CMP点。
进一步地，所述基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列，包括：
基于年代地层域中各层位的最左侧端点位置和最右侧端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列。
具体地，基于年代地层域中各层位的最左侧端点位置和最右侧端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列，包括：依次统计年代地层域中各层位中位于最左端的层位值为有效值的层位点距地震剖面左边界的距离，将其作为左地层剥蚀量；依次统计年代地层体中各层位中位于最右端的层位值为有效值的层位点距地震剖面右边界的距离，将其作为右地层剥蚀量，然后求取左剥蚀量和右剥蚀量的平均值、最小值和最大值，分别组合为平均沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列、最小沉积 间断或地层剥蚀量序列和最大沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列，本实施方式中，年代地层域中地层端点的分布位置如图5所示。
进一步地，所述基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线，得到地层沉积旋回序列，包括：
依次对所述地层沉积旋回曲线进行归一化处理和滤波处理，得到处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线；
在处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线上确定波形特征点；
基于所述波形特征点，将地层划分为多个首尾相接的地层沉积旋回段，以及确定每一地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型；
基于所述旋回类型，将地层沉积旋回曲线转换为地层沉积旋回序列。
具体地，通过上述方法得到的地层沉积旋回曲线如图6所示，依次对所述地层沉积旋回曲线进行归一化处理和滤波处理，得到处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线，包括：将原始的地层沉积旋回曲线进行归一化处理得到第二地层沉积旋回曲线，处理内容包括：采用归一化处理方法将地层沉积旋回曲线的值域范围变换到[-1.0～1.0]之间；在针对第二地层沉积旋回曲线进行滤波处理，具体可采用低通滤波器，得到第三地层沉积旋回曲线，然后在第三地层沉积旋回曲线中识别波形特征点，所述波形特征点是指地层沉积旋回曲线上具有明显的曲率变化特征的采样点，包括极值点和过零点，其中，极值点又包括波峰和波谷两种类型。识别波形特征点的步骤具体包括：(1)利用一阶差分向量运算对第三地层沉积旋回曲线进行求导，获得一阶导数序列；(2)利用符号运算对地层沉积旋回曲线的一阶导数序列进行处理，获得符号化一阶导数序列；(3)对符号化一阶导数序列进行平点过滤，即将符号化一阶导数为0的点的值全部设为与其所在坡面的梯度(走向或者趋势)相同；(4)对符号化一阶导数序列再次进行一阶差分向量运算，形成二阶导数序列；(5)将二阶导数序列中采样点值为-2.0且对应的地震振幅大于0.1的点标记为波峰(极大值)，将采样点值为2.0且振幅小于-0.1的点标记为波谷(最小值)；(6)将波峰与波谷的中点和波谷和波峰的中点标记为过零点。
进一步地，所述波形特征点包括波峰、波谷和过零点；所述旋回类型包括正旋回和反旋回；
所述基于所述波形特征点，将地层划分为多个首尾相接的地层沉积旋回段，以及确定每一地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型，包括：
将相邻两个过零点之间的地层确定为一个地层沉积旋回段；
若所述地层沉积旋回段的极值点为波峰，则确定该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为正旋回；
若所述地层沉积旋回段的极值点为波谷，则确定该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为反旋回。
具体地，在本实施方式中，将过零点视为地层分界面，因此，可将相邻两个过零点之间的地层确定为一个地层沉积旋回段，且相邻两个过零点之间必然存在唯一一个极大值，若该唯一极值点为波峰，则确定旋回类型为正旋回，反之则确定为反旋回。
进一步地，所述基于所述旋回类型，将地层沉积旋回曲线转换为地层沉积旋回序列，包括：
对于每一段地层沉积旋回段：
若该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为正旋回，则在该地层沉积旋回段内构建一个正三角形；
若该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为反旋回，则在该地层沉积旋回段内构建一个倒三角形；
基于构建的正三角形和/或倒三角形，形成所述地层沉积旋回序列。
具体地，所述地层沉积旋回序列为三角形地层沉积旋回序列，得到三角形地层沉积旋回序列的具体步骤包括：根据各地层沉积旋回段的类型在相应旋回段内绘制一个三角形，并将各三角形首尾相接形成三角形地层沉积旋回序列。其中，若地层沉积旋回段为正旋回，则绘制一个正三角形，三角形的顶与该地层沉积旋回段的顶界面一致，三角形的底与该地层沉积旋回段的底界面一致；若地层沉积旋回段为反旋回，绘制一个倒三角形，三角形的顶与该地层沉积旋回段的顶界面一致，三角形的底与该旋回段的底界面一致，通过上述方法得到的三角形地层沉积旋回序列如图7所示。
如图8所示，本发明实施方式还提供一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析装置，包括：
年代地层体分析模块10，用于利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体；
年代地层域变换模块20，用于将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域；
沉积间断与地层剥蚀量提取模块30，用于基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列；
地层沉积旋回曲线转换模块40，用于将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线；
地层沉积旋回序列输出模块50，用于基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线，得到地层沉积旋回序列
具体地，本实施方式中的年代地层体分析模块10是用于利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体的计算机软件模块；年代地层域变换模块20是用于将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域的计算机软件模块；沉积间断与地层剥蚀量提取模块30是用于基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列的计算机软件模块；地层沉积旋回曲线转换模块40是用于将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线的计算机软件模块；地层沉积旋回序列输出模块50是用于基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线，得到地层沉积旋回序列的计算机软件模块。
本发明实施方式还提供一种机器可读存储介质，该机器可读存储介质上存储有指令，该指令用于使得机器执行上述的年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、装置或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、装置和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法，其特征在于，包括：
    利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体；
    将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域；
    基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列；
    将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线；
    基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线得到地层沉积旋回序列。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域，包括：
    利用全层位空间校正技术，将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述利用全层位空间校正技术，将年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域，包括：
    在年代地层体的地震工区中确定参考点，并基于所述参考点作垂线；
    对于年代地层体中的每一层位：
    若垂线与该层位具有交点，则将交点所处的层位值作为该层位的参考层位值；
    若所述垂线与该层位不具有交点，则采用线性插值法得到该层位的参考层位值；
    基于每一层位的参考层位值得到参考层位值序列；
    基于所述参考层位值序列将每一层位中其余位置的层位值替换为该层位对应的参考层位值。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述参考点为地震工区的中心或沉积地层厚度最大处的CMP点。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列，包括：
    基于年代地层域中各层位的最左侧端点位置和最右侧端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线得到地层沉积旋回序列，包括：
    依次对所述地层沉积旋回曲线进行归一化处理和滤波处理，得到处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线；
    在处理后的地层沉积旋回曲线上确定波形特征点；
    基于所述波形特征点，将地层划分为多个首尾相接的地层沉积旋回段，以及确定每一地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型；
    基于所述旋回类型，将地层沉积旋回曲线转换为地层沉积旋回序列。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波形特征点包括波峰、波谷和过零点；所述旋回类型包括正旋回和反旋回；
    所述基于所述波形特征点，将地层划分为多个首尾相接的地层沉积旋回段，以及确定每一地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型，包括：
    将相邻两个过零点之间的地层确定为一个地层沉积旋回段；
    若所述地层沉积旋回段的极值点为波峰，则确定该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为正旋回；
    若所述地层沉积旋回段的极值点为波谷，则确定该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为反旋回。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基于所述旋回类型，将地层沉积旋回曲线转换为地层沉积旋回序列，包括：
    对于每一段地层沉积旋回段：
    若该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为正旋回，则在该地层沉积旋回段内构建一个正三角形；
    若该地层沉积旋回段的旋回类型为反旋回，则在该地层沉积旋回段内构建一个倒三角形；
    基于构建的正三角形和/或倒三角形，形成所述地层沉积旋回序列。
  9. 一种年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析装置，其特征在于，包括：
    年代地层体分析模块，用于利用层位追踪技术对地震数据进行多层位追踪，得到年代地层体；
    年代地层域变换模块，用于将所述年代地层体中所有层位从时间域变换到年代地层域；
    沉积间断与地层剥蚀量提取模块，用于基于所述年代地层域中各层位的端点位置，提取沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列；
    地层沉积旋回曲线转换模块，用于将所述沉积间断或地层剥蚀量序列转换为地层沉积旋回曲线；
    地层沉积旋回序列输出模块，用于基于所述地层沉积旋回曲线得到地层沉积旋回序列。
  10. 一种机器可读存储介质，该机器可读存储介质上存储有指令，该指令用于使得机器执行权利要求1-8中任一项所述的年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法。
PCT/CN2022/136621 2022-08-19 2022-12-05 年代地层域地层沉积旋回分析方法及装置 WO2024036819A1 (zh)

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