WO2024035517A1 - Règle de faisceau par défaut pour l'indication de configuration de transmission unifiée (tci) dans le message d'information de commande de liaison descendante multiple (mdci), scénario de points d'émission et de réception multiples (mtrp) - Google Patents

Règle de faisceau par défaut pour l'indication de configuration de transmission unifiée (tci) dans le message d'information de commande de liaison descendante multiple (mdci), scénario de points d'émission et de réception multiples (mtrp) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024035517A1
WO2024035517A1 PCT/US2023/027732 US2023027732W WO2024035517A1 WO 2024035517 A1 WO2024035517 A1 WO 2024035517A1 US 2023027732 W US2023027732 W US 2023027732W WO 2024035517 A1 WO2024035517 A1 WO 2024035517A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
trp
default beam
coreset
default
tci
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PCT/US2023/027732
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English (en)
Inventor
Tianyang BAI
Yan Zhou
Tao Luo
Junyi Li
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US18/352,203 external-priority patent/US20240057081A1/en
Application filed by Qualcomm Incorporated filed Critical Qualcomm Incorporated
Publication of WO2024035517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024035517A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/024—Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H04B7/06952—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to a default beam rule for a unified transmission configuration indication (TCI) in multiple downlink control information message (mDCI), multiple transmit and receive point (mTRP) scenarios.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • mDCI downlink control information message
  • mTRP transmit and receive point
  • Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunications services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts.
  • Typical wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, and/or the like).
  • multipleaccess technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, singlecarrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE).
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency-division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency-division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA singlecarrier frequency-division multiple access
  • TD-SCDMA time division synchronous code division multiple access
  • LTE long term
  • LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • a wireless communications network may include a number of base stations (BSs) that can support communications for a number of user equipment (UEs).
  • a user equipment (UE) may communicate with a base station (BS) via the downlink and uplink.
  • the downlink (or forward link) refers to the communications link from the BS to the UE
  • the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communications link from the UE to the BS.
  • a BS may be referred to as a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a gNB, an access point (AP), a radio head, a transmit and receive point (TRP), a new radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, and/or the like.
  • New radio which may also be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL), using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink (UL), as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • SC-FDM e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • a method for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) includes receiving a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • the method also includes receiving a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI) from a first TRP.
  • the first scheduling DCI schedules a first downlink transmission for the UE at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI.
  • a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI is less than a threshold time interval.
  • the method further includes receiving a second scheduling DCI from a second TRP.
  • the second scheduling DCI schedules a second downlink transmission for the UE at a third time after receiving the second scheduling DCI.
  • the method also includes communicating with the first TRP with a first default beam for the first downlink transmission, and communicating with the second TRP with a second default beam.
  • a method of wireless communication by a network device includes transmitting a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • the method also includes transmitting a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI), the first scheduling DCI scheduling a first downlink transmission for a user equipment (UE) at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI.
  • DCI downlink control information message
  • a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI is less than a threshold time interval.
  • the method further includes communicating with the UE with a first default beam of the UE for the first downlink transmission.
  • the apparatus has a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory.
  • the processor(s) is configured to receive a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • the processor(s) is also configured to receive a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI) from a first TRP.
  • the first scheduling DCI schedules a first downlink transmission for the UE at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI.
  • a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI is less than a threshold time interval.
  • the processor(s) is further configured to receive a second scheduling DCI from a second TRP.
  • the second scheduling DCI schedules a second downlink transmission for the UE at a third time after receiving the second scheduling DCI.
  • a second duration between the third time and a fourth time when receiving the second scheduling DCI is less than the threshold time interval.
  • the processor(s) is also configured to communicate with the first TRP with a first default beam for the first downlink transmission, and to communicate with the second TRP with a second default beam.
  • the apparatus has a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory.
  • the processor(s) is configured to transmit a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • the processor(s) is also configured to transmit a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI).
  • the first scheduling DCI schedules a first downlink transmission for a user equipment (UE) at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI.
  • a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI is less than a threshold time interval.
  • the processor(s) is further configured to communicate with the UE with a first default beam of the UE for the first downlink transmission.
  • aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communications device, and processing system as substantially described with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and specification.
  • FIGURE l is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a wireless communications network, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGURE 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a base station in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communications network, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • UE user equipment
  • FIGURE 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGURE 4 is a block diagram illustrating a beam indication downlink control information message (DCI) without a downlink assignment, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • DCI downlink control information message
  • FIGURE 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a user equipment (UE), in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • UE user equipment
  • FIGURE 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a network device, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a unified transmission configuration indicator exists for single transmit and receive point (TRP) deployments. It may be desirable to extend the unified TCI to multiple transmit and receive point (mTRP) cases.
  • a unified TCI framework indicates multiple downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL) transmission configuration indicator states.
  • each TRP is associated with a dedicated resource pool, referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) pool.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • Each TRP transmits its own physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) from the associated CORESET to schedule communications from the same TRP.
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • TCI states are associated with each CORESET pool of the TRP.
  • a current default beam rule for a single TRP with unified TCI is as follows: when a time offset between a scheduling DCI and scheduled aperiodic channel state information reference signal (AP-CSI-RS)/physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) is smaller than a predefined threshold, a default beam will be used. That is, when the time is too short for the UE to prepare a beam, a default beam is selected.
  • AP-CSI-RS aperiodic channel state information reference signal
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • a first rule applies when the component carrier is not configured with intercell beam management.
  • the first rule defines the default beam as the beam with the indicated TCI that is active in the slot of the scheduled AP-CSI-RS/PDSCH.
  • a second rule applies when the component carrier is configured with inter-cell beam management.
  • the second rule defines the default beam as the beam with a lowest CORESET beam identifier (ID) in a latest CORESET monitoring occasion before the slot of the scheduled AP-CSI-RS/PDSCH.
  • ID CORESET beam identifier
  • a network device such as a base station, may configure whether a per TRP default beam mode is enabled. If the default beam mode is enabled, each TRP/CORESET pool will have its own default beam if the time is too short for the user equipment (UE) to prepare a beam for the scheduled transmission.
  • the default beam may be based on which CORESET pool is associated with the scheduling DCI. In this case, the corresponding default beam will be used. For example, when a component carrier is not associated with inter-cell beam management, then the default beam for a given CORESET pool index is the indicated downlink applicable TCI state for that CORESET pool index in the slot of the scheduled PDSCH/ AP-CSI-RS.
  • the default beam for TRPs with inter-cell beam management will be the TCI of the lowest CORESET ID in the latest CORSET monitoring occasion of the corresponding CORESET pool for the DCI of the TRP that occurs before the scheduled slot of the PDSCH/ AP-CSI-RS.
  • a UE may transmit a UE capability message regarding the per TRP default beam mode. If supported, the network device may configure the per TRP default beam mode for the UE.
  • the default beam for a given CORESET pool index is the indicated downlink applicable TCI state for that CORESET pool index. If the UE is not configured with the default beam rule and both indicated downlink applicable TCI states are not associated with any additional physical cell ID for a neighbor cell, the single default beam for both CORESET pool indexes is the indicated downlink applicable TCI state for a predefined CORESET pool index.
  • the single default beam follows the receive beam for the CORESET with a lowest ID in the latest monitored slot.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram illustrating a network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced.
  • the network 100 may be a 5G or NR network or some other wireless network, such as an LTE network.
  • the wireless network 100 may include a number of BSs 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 1 lOd) and other network entities.
  • a BS is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also be referred to as a base station, an NR BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G Node B, an access point, a transmit and receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, and/or the like.
  • UEs user equipment
  • TRP transmit and receive point
  • a base station can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, etc.
  • the base station can be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near-real time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real time (non-RT) RIC.
  • CU central unit
  • DU distributed unit
  • RU radio unit
  • RIC near-real time
  • non-RT non-real time
  • Each BS may provide communications coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • a BS may provide communications coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell.
  • a macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG)).
  • a BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS.
  • a BS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS.
  • a BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS.
  • a BS 110a may be a macro BS for a macro cell 102a
  • a BS 110b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b
  • a BS 110c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102c.
  • a BS may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.
  • the terms “eNB,” “base station,” “NR BS,” “gNB,” “AP,” “Node B,” “5G NB,” “TRP,” and “cell” may be used interchangeably.
  • a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile BS.
  • the BSs may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, and/or the like using any suitable transport network.
  • the wireless network 100 may also include relay stations.
  • a relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS).
  • a relay station may also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs.
  • a relay station 1 lOd may communicate with macro BS 110a and a UE 120d in order to facilitate communications between the BS 110a and UE 120d.
  • a relay station may also be referred to as a relay BS, a relay base station, a relay, and/or the like.
  • the wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types (e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, and/or the like). These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impact on interference in the wireless network 100.
  • macro BSs may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts).
  • the BSs 110 may exchange communications via backhaul links 132 (e.g., SI, etc.).
  • backhaul links 132 e.g., SI, etc.
  • Base stations 110 may communicate with one another over other backhaul links (e.g., X2, etc.) either directly or indirectly (e.g., through core network 130).
  • the core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC), which may include at least one mobility management entity (MME), at least one serving gateway (S-GW), and at least one packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW).
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • MME mobility management entity
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • PDN packet data network gateway
  • the MME may be the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 120 and the EPC. All user IP packets may be transferred through the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW.
  • the P-GW may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions.
  • the P-GW may be connected to the network operator's IP services.
  • the operator's IP services may include the Internet, the Intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), and a packet-switched (PS) streaming service.
  • IMS IP multimedia subsystem
  • PS packet-switched
  • the core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, IP connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions.
  • One or more of the base stations 110 or access node controllers (ANCs) may interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., SI, S2, etc.) and may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communications with the UEs 120.
  • backhaul links 132 e.g., SI, S2, etc.
  • various functions of each access network entity or base station 110 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 110).
  • UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, and/or the like.
  • a UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communications device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.
  • a cellular phone e.g., a smart phone
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • One or more UEs 120 may establish a protocol data unit (PDU) session for a network slice.
  • the UE 120 may select a network slice based on an application or subscription service. By having different network slices serving different applications or subscriptions, the UE 120 may improve its resource utilization in the wireless network 100, while also satisfying performance specifications of individual applications of the UE 120.
  • the network slices used by UE 120 may be served by an AMF (not shown in FIGURE 1) associated with one or both of the base station 110 or core network 130.
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • the UEs 120 may include a default beam module 140. For brevity, only one UE 120d is shown as including the default beam module 140.
  • the default beam module 140 may receive a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • the default beam module 140 may also receive a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI) from a first TRP.
  • the first scheduling DCI schedules a first downlink transmission for the UE at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI, a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI being less than a threshold time interval.
  • the default beam module 140 may further receive a second scheduling DCI from a second TRP.
  • the second scheduling DCI schedules a second downlink transmission for the UE at a third time after receiving the second scheduling DCI, a second duration between the third time and a fourth time when receiving the second scheduling DCI being less than the threshold time interval.
  • the default beam module 140 may also communicate with the first TRP with a first default beam for the first downlink transmission, and communicate with the second TRP with a second default beam.
  • the core network 130 or the base stations 110 or any other network device may include a default beam module 138. For brevity, only one base stations 110a is shown as including the default beam module 138.
  • the default beam module 138 may transmit a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • TRP transmit and receive point
  • the default beam module 138 may also transmit a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI).
  • the first scheduling DCI schedules a first downlink transmission for a user equipment (UE) at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI, a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI being less than a threshold time interval.
  • the default beam module 138 may further communicate with the UE with a first default beam of the UE for the first downlink transmission.
  • Some UEs may be considered machine-type communications (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine-type communications (eMTC) UEs.
  • MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, and/or the like, that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., remote device), or some other entity.
  • a wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communications link.
  • Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (loT) devices, and/or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may be considered a customer premises equipment (CPE).
  • UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor components, memory components, and/or the like.
  • any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area.
  • Each wireless network may support a particular radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies.
  • a RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, and/or the like.
  • a frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, and/or the like.
  • Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.
  • NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
  • two or more UEs 120 may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using a base station 110 as an intermediary to communicate with one another).
  • the UEs 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, device-to-device (D2D) communications, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocol (e.g., which may include a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, and/or the like), a mesh network, and/or the like.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • D2D device-to-device
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • V2V vehicle-to-everything
  • the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and/or other operations described elsewhere as being performed by the base station 110.
  • the base station 110 may configure a UE 120 via downlink control information message (DCI), radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a media access control-control element (MAC-CE) or via system information (e.g., a system information block (SIB).
  • DCI downlink control information message
  • RRC radio resource control
  • MAC-CE media access control-control element
  • SIB system information block
  • FIGURE 1 is provided merely as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 2 shows a block diagram of a design 200 of the base station 110 and UE 120, which may be one of the base stations and one of the UEs in FIGURE 1.
  • the base station 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t
  • UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T > 1 and R > 1.
  • a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS(s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Decreasing the MCS lowers throughput but increases reliability of the transmission.
  • MCS modulation and coding schemes
  • the transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) and/or the like) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, and/or the like) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols.
  • the transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., the cell-specific reference signal (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)).
  • reference signals e.g., the cell-specific reference signal (CRS)
  • synchronization signals e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)
  • a transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t.
  • Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and/or the like) to obtain an output sample stream.
  • Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal.
  • T downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232t may be transmitted via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively.
  • the synchronization signals can be generated with location encoding to convey additional information.
  • antennas 252a through 252r may receive the downlink signals from the base station 110 and/or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively.
  • Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples.
  • Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM and/or the like) to obtain received symbols.
  • a MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols.
  • a receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor 280.
  • a channel processor may determine reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RS SI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), channel quality indicator (CQI), and/or the like.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RS SI received signal strength indicator
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • CQI channel quality indicator
  • one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing.
  • a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, and/or the like) from the controller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, and/or the like), and transmitted to the base station 110.
  • modulators 254a through 254r e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, and/or the like
  • the uplink signals from the UE 120 and other UEs may be received by the antennas 234, processed by the demodulators 254, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by the UE 120.
  • the receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller/processor 240.
  • the base station 110 may include communications unit 244 and communicate to the core network 130 via the communications unit 244.
  • the core network 130 may include a communications unit 294, a controller/processor 290, and a memory 292.
  • the controller/processor 240 of the base station 110, the controller/processor 280 of the UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIGURE 2 may perform one or more techniques associated with a default beam rule for a unified TCI in mDCI, mTRP scenarios as described in more detail elsewhere.
  • the controller/processor 240 of the base station 110, the controller/processor 280 of the UE 120, and/or any other component(s) of FIGURE 2 may perform or direct operations of, for example, the processes 500 and 600 of FIGURES 5 and 6 and/or other processes as described.
  • Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for the base station 110 and UE 120, respectively.
  • a scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • the UE 120 and/or base station 110 may include means for receiving, means for communicating, means for selecting, means for determining, means for reporting, and means for transmitting.
  • Such means may include one or more components of the UE 120 or base station 110 described in connection with FIGURE 2.
  • FIGURE 2 is provided merely as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to FIGURE 2.
  • a network node a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture.
  • RAN radio access network
  • BS base station
  • one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture.
  • a BS such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, 5GNB, an access point (AP), a transmit and receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.
  • NB Node B
  • eNB evolved NB
  • NR BS 5GNB
  • AP access point
  • TRP transmit and receive point
  • a cell etc.
  • an aggregated base station also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS
  • disaggregated base station also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS
  • An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node.
  • a disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).
  • CUs central or centralized units
  • DUs distributed units
  • RUs radio units
  • a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes.
  • the DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs.
  • Each of the CU, DU, and RU also can be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU)).
  • Base station-type operations or network designs may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality.
  • disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)).
  • IAB integrated access backhaul
  • O-RAN open radio access network
  • vRAN also known as a cloud radio access network
  • Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design.
  • the various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
  • FIGURE 3 shows a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 300 architecture.
  • the disaggregated base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a near-real time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a non-real time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both).
  • a CU 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via respective midhaul links, such as an Fl interface.
  • DUs distributed units
  • the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via respective fronthaul links.
  • the RUs 340 may communicate with respective UEs 120 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
  • Each of the units may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
  • Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium.
  • the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • a wireless interface which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310.
  • the CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit - user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit - control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof.
  • the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units.
  • the CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration.
  • the CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
  • the DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340.
  • the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
  • the DU 330 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 310.
  • Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 340.
  • an RU 340 controlled by a DU 330, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split.
  • the RU(s) 340 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
  • OTA over the air
  • real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 340 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
  • this configuration can enable the DU(s) 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
  • the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements.
  • the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an 01 interface).
  • the SMO Framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-cloud) 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an 02 interface).
  • a cloud computing platform such as an open cloud (O-cloud) 390
  • network element life cycle management such as to instantiate virtualized network elements
  • a cloud computing platform interface such as an 02 interface
  • Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 310, DUs 330, RUs 340, and near-RT RICs 325.
  • the SMO Framework 305 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O- eNB) 311, via an 01 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via an 01 interface.
  • the SMO Framework 305 also may include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 305.
  • the non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy -based guidance of applications/features in the near-RT RIC 325.
  • the non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the near-RT RIC 325.
  • the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, as well as the O-eNB 311, with the near-RT RIC 325.
  • the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received at the SMO Framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions.
  • the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance.
  • the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via 01) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al policies).
  • a unified transmission configuration indicator exists for single transmit and receive point deployments. It would be desirable to extend the unified TCI to multiple transmit and receive point (mTRP) cases.
  • the mTRPs may have particular applicability to customer premises equipment (CPE), fixed wireless access (FWE) devices, vehicles, and industrial devices.
  • CPE customer premises equipment
  • FWE fixed wireless access
  • a unified TCI framework indicates multiple downlink (DL) and/or uplink (UL) transmission configuration indicator states.
  • Unified TCI currently applies to single TRP deployments. Unified TCI has three types: downlink only; uplink only; and joint uplink downlink. Downlink only applies to a user equipment (UE) dedicated physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).
  • UE user equipment
  • PDSCH dedicated physical downlink shared channel
  • PDCCH physical downlink control channel
  • the unified TCI is configured in radio resource control (RRC) pools, and activated by a media access control -control element (MAC-CE).
  • DCI format 1 1 or 1 2 can indicate the unified TCI from the activated unified TCIs.
  • the indicated unified TCI will be applied to the applicable channel.
  • Currently, only one unified TCI is indicated by DCI at a time.
  • more than one TCI can be indicated by DCI. For example, one TCI may be indicated per TRP.
  • Table 1 shows an application of channels and reference signals (RSs) in accordance with an activated TCI state.
  • RSs reference signals
  • a DCI message of format 1 1 or 1 2 can be used to indicate a TCI state with or without scheduling any downlink assignment (e.g., scheduling downlink data).
  • the TCI field will indicate the TCI.
  • a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the DCI is scrambled by a configured scheduling radio network temporary identifier (CS-RNTI).
  • CS-RNTI radio network temporary identifier
  • redundancy version (RV) all ‘l’s
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • NDI new data indicator
  • FDRA frequency domain resource assignment
  • the TCI field which is always present, indicates the TCI state ID.
  • a PDSCH-to-HARQ_feedback (hybrid automatic repeat request feedback) timing indicator field indicates the time offset from the DCI to its acknowledgement (ACK) in PUCCH.
  • the time domain resource allocation (TDRA) field is used to derive a virtual PDSCH location, which is further used to determine a location for the ACK information in the HARQ-ACK codebook.
  • FIGURE 4 is a block diagram illustrating a beam indication downlink control information message (DCI) without a downlink assignment, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a DCI 402 is transmitted at time tl .
  • the DCI 402 does not schedule downlink data.
  • a location of a virtual PDSCH 404 is determined.
  • the virtual PDSCH 404 is at time t2.
  • the time for acknowledging the DCI is determined based on the virtual PDSCH 404.
  • An ACK 406 is transmitted at time t3.
  • a timing (e.g., time t3) for transmitting the ACK 406 is determined based on the PDSCH-to- HARQ feedback timing indicator field in the DCI 402.
  • TRPs may be deployed to improve spatial diversity of millimeter wave (mmWave) signal reception.
  • mmWave millimeter wave
  • up to two TRPs are considered, but more TRPs are also contemplated for the techniques of the present disclosure.
  • each TRP is associated with a dedicated resource pool, referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) pool.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • Each TRP transmits its own PDCCH from the associated CORESET to schedule communication from the same TRP. In other words, the DCI from a TRP will schedule the communication from the same TRP.
  • TCI states are associated with each CORESET pool of the TRP.
  • a single DCI can schedule communication from multiple TRPs.
  • the MAC-CE can map a pair of TCIs, each TCI from a TRP, to a TCI codepoint.
  • a DCI will indicate an index of the TCI codepoint for a communication assignment.
  • the pair of beams (each from a TRP) will be used for the communication.
  • a CORESET pool may not be configured, and the UE may or may not know the association between the TRP and TCI.
  • a current default beam rule for a single TRP with unified TCI is as follows: when a time offset between a scheduling DCI and scheduled AP-CSI-RS/PDSCH is smaller than a predefined threshold, a default beam will be used. That is, when the time is too short for the UE to prepare a beam, a default beam is selected.
  • the predefined threshold for determining whether the time is too short is based on a UE capability report.
  • a first rule applies when the component carrier is not configured with intercell beam management.
  • the first rule defines the default beam as the beam with the indicated TCI that is active in the slot of the scheduled AP-CSI-RS/PDSCH.
  • a second rule applies when the component carrier is configured with inter-cell beam management.
  • the second rule defines the default beam as the beam with the lowest CORESET beam ID in the latest CORESET monitoring occasion before the slot of the scheduled AP-CSI-RS/PDSCH.
  • inter-cell beam management controls the selection of the default beam.
  • Inter-cell beam management may be present when a TCI in a serving cell is defined based on a non-serving cell synchronization signal block (SSB), in other words, when the quasi co-location (QCL) relationship for the serving cell is defined based on a nonserving cell synchronization signal block.
  • SSB non-serving cell synchronization signal block
  • QCL quasi co-location
  • a UE can more quickly switch beams.
  • the serving cell configuration contains an information element (IE): additionPCIlist (where PCI is physical cell identifier), which contains the non-serving cell information.
  • Whether a UE is associated with inter-cell beam management (BM) can be determined based on several factors, such as: whether the additionPCIlist is configured in radio resource control (RRC) signaling; whether the TCI pool configured in RRC signaling in the component carrier or bandwidth part (BWP) contains at least a non- serving cell TCI; whether a non-serving cell TCI has been activated by a MAC-CE; and whether the indicated TCI by the DCI is a non-serving cell TCI.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • BWP bandwidth part
  • the first rule described above has issues when a component carrier is not configured with inter-cell beam management because the UE has to memorize two default beams, per CORESET pool, where each TRP may have a different active CORESET pool.
  • a UE only buffers one default beam configuration.
  • two default beams can be defined based on UE capability. If not, only one default beam should be specified. For example, the default beam may be defined based on CORESET pool 0.
  • inter-cell beam management is only configured for one TRP/CORESET pool. In this case, a per TRP granularity is needed when deciding which rule to apply.
  • the second rule described above may be defined in a per TRP version.
  • a network device such as a base station, may configure whether a per TRP default beam mode is enabled.
  • the configuration may be transmitted in RRC signaling.
  • a flag bit may be used in an RRC enableDefaultTCI-StatePerCoresetPoolIndex field.
  • each TRP/CORESET pool will have its own default beam if the time is too short for the UE to prepare a beam for the scheduled transmission.
  • the default beam may be based on which CORESET pool is associated with the scheduling DCI. In this case, the corresponding default beam will be used. For example, when a component carrier is not associated with inter-cell beam management, then the default beam for a given CORESET pool index is the indicated downlink applicable TCI state for that CORESET pool index in the slot of the scheduled PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS.
  • inter-cell beam management is to be configured may be determined on a per TRP basis. For example, if the TCI state pool activated TCI list, or indicated TCI of a TRP contains a TCI from a non-serving cell, then the TRP is considered as configured for inter-cell beam management.
  • the default beam for TRPs with inter-cell beam management will be the TCI of the lowest CORESET ID in the latest CORSET monitoring occasion of the corresponding CORESET pool for the DCI of the TRP that occurs before the scheduled slot of the PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS.
  • intra-cell beam management is present when no additional physical cell ID (PCI) is configured, that is, no AdditionPCIxxxx information element (IE) is configured. Additionally, when a TCI associated with a non-serving cell PCI is not activated by a MAC-CE or not indicated to be active in a DCI, intra-cell bam management is present.
  • PCI physical cell ID
  • IE AdditionPCIxxxx information element
  • intra-cell bam management is present.
  • a useUnifiedTCI flag is configured for any channel/reference signal (RS) at least including any CORESET
  • RS channel/reference signal
  • the other of the rules may be used. For example, the second rule may be used.
  • Inter-cell beam management may be determined to be present for a TRP when there exists an additional physical cell ID (PCI) configured, that is, an AdditionPCIxxxx IE is configured.
  • PCI physical cell ID
  • AdditionPCIxxxx IE is configured.
  • inter-cell beam management is also determined to be present.
  • PCI physical cell ID
  • a useUnifiedTCI flag is configured for any channel/RS including any CORESET, one of the rules described above may be used.
  • the second rule may be used.
  • the other of the rules may be used.
  • the first rule may be used.
  • the same default beam will be applied to the PDSCH and AP- CSI-RS across all TRPs.
  • the single default beam for both CORESET pool indexes is the indicated downlink applicable TCI state for a predefined CORESET pool index, such as CORESET pool index 0.
  • the single default beam follows the receive beam for the CORESET with a lowest ID in the latest monitored slot before the scheduled transmission. In this case, the UE looks at all CORESETs from both TRPs. The UE first looks at the most recent monitored slot. If there are CORESETs from both TRPs in this slot, the CORESET with the lowest ID is selected.
  • a UE may transmit a UE capability message for the per TRP default beam mode. For example, the UE may report its capability for supporting per TRP default beam mode. If supported, the network device may configure the per TRP default beam mode for the UE. In some aspects, the per TRP default beam mode is off by default. For example, the mode is off after the UE initially accesses the network, but before receiving an RRC configuration.
  • the default beam for a given CORESET pool index is the indicated downlink applicable TCI state for that CORESET pool index. If the UE is not configured with the flag and both indicated downlink applicable TCI states are not associated with any additional physical cell ID for a neighbor cell, the single default beam for both CORESET pool indexes is the indicated downlink applicable TCI state for a predefined CORESET pool index. In one implementation, the predefined CORESET pool index is 0.
  • the single default beam follows the receive beam for the CORESET with a lowest ID in the latest monitored slot.
  • a UE does not expect to receive synchronization signal block (SSB) signals for Ll-RSRP measurement and PDCCH/PDSCH signals on the same resource element.
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • These aspects may apply for frequency range one (FR1) and/or frequency range two (FR2) communications.
  • FR1 frequency range one
  • FR2 frequency range two
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • RF radio frequency
  • these aspects may also apply when the synchronization signal block and PDCCH/PDSCH have different subcarrier spacing, regardless of whether the UE can receive data and SSBs simultaneously with different numerologies.
  • the UE may or may not support the configuration “simultaneousRxDataSSB-DiffNumerology.” These aspects may also apply regardless of whether the physical cell IDs of the synchronization signal block and PDCCH/PDSCH are the same.
  • the UE may receive synchronization signal block signals for Ll-RSRP measurement and PDCCH or PDSCH signals on the same resource element, based on its capability.
  • the UE may report such capability on a per basis case. For example, the UE may report a different capability for FR1 and FR2; a different capability for cases when the synchronization signal block and PDCCH/PDSCH have the same or different subcarrier spacing; or a different capability for cases when physical cell IDs of synchronization signal block are the same or different.
  • a downlink control information message (DCI) format associated with an uplink may be used to indicate TCI.
  • DCI format 0 1 or 0 2 may be used.
  • a new TCI field(s) may be provided in an uplink scheduling DCI.
  • a sounding reference signal (SRS) resource indicator (SRI) field may be reused.
  • the uplink DCI may or may not also schedule an uplink transmission at the same time.
  • the uplink DCI can be used for at least indicating uplink TCI.
  • the uplink DCI may also indicate downlink TCI.
  • a single TCI field can indicate TCI combinations for two TCIs from the two TRPs, or possibly two TCI fields in an uplink DCI.
  • the beam indication may take effect some number of milliseconds after sending the ACK to the DCI.
  • the ACK may be the scheduled transmission.
  • the ACK may be a dedicated bit in the HARQ message. More specifically, the PUCCH resource carrying the corresponding HARQ-ACK may be indicated in the uplink DCI, such as in a time domain resource allocation (TDRA) field.
  • TDRA time domain resource allocation
  • a number of active indicated TCIs for downlink communications is currently limited to one, as a single TRP is assumed.
  • a number of active indicated TCIs is currently limited to one.
  • the number of active indicated TCIs for downlink and uplink communications is more than one.
  • a UE may report its capability for a maximum number of active indicated TCIs.
  • the capability may be a number across TRPs or per TRP, across component carriers/per component carrier, across all channels or resources/per channel or resource, or per downlink or uplink.
  • a number of TCIs may be per CSI resource/CORESET for PDCCH.
  • a network device may configure a maximum number of active indicated TCIs. The number may be across TRPs/per TRP, across component carriers/per component carrier, or across all channels or resources/per channel or resources.
  • a maximum number of active indicated TCIs per TRP is one for downlink communications.
  • TCI1 is the indicated TCI for TRP 1.
  • TCI1 is used for PDSCH and PDCCH from TRP 1.
  • TCI2 replaces TCI1 for reception of PDCCH and PDSCH from TRP 1.
  • This example also applies for uplink transmission of PUSCH and PUCCH.
  • a maximum number of active indicated TCIs per TRP is two for downlink communications.
  • each TCI is preconfigured with a set of applicable channels and resources.
  • TCH is used for PDSCH and PDCCH
  • TCI2 is used for PDCCH
  • TCI3 is used for PDSCH and the CORESET 2 of PDCCH.
  • TCH is currently active.
  • TCI 1 is used for PDCCH and PDSCH.
  • the UE receives a TCI from DCI indicating TCI2.
  • TCI2 takes effect
  • TCH is used for PDSCH
  • TCI2 is used for PDCCH.
  • the UE receives a TCI indication from DCI indicating TCI3.
  • the earliest active TCI indication (e.g., TCH) will be removed from the active indicated TCI list after TCI3 takes effect.
  • TCI2 is used for PDCCH except for the CORESET 2
  • TCI3 is used for PDSCH and the CORESET 2 of the PDCCH.
  • FIGURE 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 500 performed, for example, by a user equipment (UE), in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the example process 500 is an example configuring a default beam rule for a unified transmission configuration indication (TCI) in multiple downlink control information message (mDCI), multiple transmit and receive point (mTRP) scenarios.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • mDCI downlink control information message
  • mTRP multiple transmit and receive point
  • the operations of the process 500 may be implemented by a UE 120.
  • the user equipment (UE) receives a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • the UE e.g., using the antenna 252, DEMOD/MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or the like
  • the configuration may be received the configuration.
  • the user equipment receives a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI) from a first TRP.
  • the first scheduling DCI schedules a first downlink transmission for the UE at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI, a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI being less than a threshold time interval.
  • the UE e.g., using the antenna 252, DEMOD/MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or the like
  • the user equipment receives a second scheduling DCI from a second TRP.
  • the second scheduling DCI schedules a second downlink transmission for the UE at a third time after receiving the second scheduling DCI, a second duration between the third time and a fourth time when receiving the second scheduling DCI being less than the threshold time interval.
  • the UE e.g., using the antenna 252, DEMOD/MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or the like
  • the user equipment communicates with the first TRP with a first default beam for the first downlink transmission.
  • the UE e.g., using the antenna 252, DEMOD/MOD 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, TX MIMO processor 266, transmit processor 264, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or the like
  • the UE selects the first default beam based on a first control resource set (CORESET) pool associated with the first scheduling DCI for the first TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • the first default beam may be an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first CORESET pool in a slot of a scheduled physical downlink shared channel/aperiodic channel state information reference signal (PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS) when inter-cell beam management is not associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • the first default beam may be a transmission configuration indication (TCI) of a lowest CORESET identifier (ID) in a latest CORESET monitoring occasion of a corresponding CORESET pool before a scheduled slot of the PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS when inter-cell beam management is associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • selecting the first default beam include selecting the first default beam based on an indicated transmission configuration indication (TCI) associated with the first TRP and corresponding control resource set (CORESET) pool, in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode, wherein each TRP corresponds to a CORESET pool.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET control resource set
  • the UE selects the first default beam for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to the first TRP, the selecting based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined CORESET pool, in response to the first TRP not being associated with any physical cell identifier (PCI) for any neighbor cell and the second TRP not being associated with any PCI for any neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • TCI downlink applicable transmission configuration indication
  • the UE selects the first default beam for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to the first TRP based on a receive beam for a CORESET with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitoring slot before the first downlink transmission, in response to a first downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first TRP being associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) for a neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • ID lowest identifier
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • the user equipment communicates with the second TRP with a second default beam.
  • the UE e.g., using the antenna 252, DEMOD/MOD 254, MEMO detector 256, receive processor 258, TX MEMO processor 266, transmit processor 264, controller/processor 280, memory 282, and/or the like
  • the UE selects the second default beam based on a second CORESET pool associated with the second scheduling DCI for the second TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • the first default beam is the same as the second default beam; and the UE selects the first default beam and the second default beam based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined control resource set (CORESET) pool index, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, the first TRP not being associated with inter-cell beam management, and the second TRP not being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • TCI downlink applicable transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET control resource set
  • the UE selects the first default beam and the second default beam based on a receive beam for a control resource set (CORESET) with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitored slot, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, and the first TRP being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • FIGURE 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, by a network device, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the example process 600 is an example of configuring a default beam rule for a unified transmission configuration indication (TCI) in multiple downlink control information message (mDCI), multiple transmit and receive point (mTRP) scenarios.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • mDCI downlink control information message
  • mTRP transmit and receive point
  • the operations of the process 600 may be implemented by a base station 110.
  • the base station transmits a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode.
  • the base station e.g., using the antenna 234, MOD/DEMOD 232, TX MEMO processor 230, transmit processor 220, controller/processor 240, memory 242, and/or the like
  • the base station transmits a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI), the first scheduling DCI scheduling a first downlink transmission for a user equipment (UE) at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI, a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI being less than a threshold time interval.
  • DCI downlink control information message
  • the base station e.g., using the antenna 234, MOD/DEMOD 232, TX MEMO processor 230, transmit processor 220, controller/processor 240, memory 242, and/or the like
  • the base station communicates with the UE with a first default beam of the UE for the first downlink transmission.
  • the base station e.g., using the antenna 234, MOD/DEMOD 232, MEMO detector 236, receive processor 238, TX MEMO processor 230, transmit processor 220, controller/processor 240, memory 242, and/or the like
  • the first default beam is selected based on a first control resource set (CORESET) pool associated with the first scheduling DCI for the first TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET first control resource set
  • the first default beam may be an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first CORESET pool in a slot of a scheduled physical downlink shared channel/aperiodic channel state information reference signal (PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS) when inter-cell beam management is not associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • the first default beam may be a transmission configuration indication (TCI) of a lowest CORESET identifier (ID) in a latest CORESET monitoring occasion of a corresponding CORESET pool before a scheduled slot of the PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS when inter-cell beam management is associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • selecting the first default beam include selecting the first default beam based on an indicated transmission configuration indication (TCI) associated with the first TRP and corresponding control resource set (CORESET) pool, in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode, wherein each TRP corresponds to a CORESET pool.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET control resource set
  • the first default beam is selected for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to the first TRP, the selecting based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined CORESET pool, in response to the first TRP not being associated with any physical cell identifier (PCI) for any neighbor cell and the second TRP not being associated with any PCI for any neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • TCI downlink applicable transmission configuration indication
  • the first default beam is selected for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to the first TRP based on a receive beam for a CORESET with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitoring slot before the first downlink transmission, in response to a first downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first TRP being associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) for a neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • a method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode; receiving a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI) from a first TRP, the first scheduling DCI scheduling a first downlink transmission for the UE at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI, a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI being less than a threshold time interval; receiving a second scheduling DCI from a second TRP, the second scheduling DCI scheduling a second downlink transmission for the UE at a third time after receiving the second scheduling DCI, a second duration between the third time and a fourth time when receiving the second scheduling DCI being less than the threshold time interval; communicating with the first TRP with a first default beam for the first downlink transmission; and communicating with the second TRP with a second default beam.
  • DCI downlink control information message
  • Aspect 2 The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: selecting the first default beam based on a first control resource set (CORESET) pool associated with the first scheduling DCI for the first TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode; and selecting the second default beam based on a second CORESET pool associated with the second scheduling DCI for the second TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • Aspect 3 The method of Aspect 1 or 2, in which the first default beam is an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first CORESET pool in a slot of a scheduled physical downlink shared channel/aperiodic channel state information reference signal (PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS) when inter-cell beam management is not associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • Aspect 4 The method of any of the preceding Aspects, further comprising determining inter-cell beam management is associated with the component carrier of the first TRP based on a TCI for the first TRP indicating a non-serving cell.
  • Aspect 5 The method of any of Aspects 1 or 2, in which the first default beam comprises a transmission configuration indication (TCI) of a lowest CORESET identifier (ID) in a latest CORESET monitoring occasion of a corresponding CORESET pool before a scheduled slot of the PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS when inter-cell beam management is associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • ID lowest CORESET identifier
  • Aspect 6 The method of Aspect 1, in which the first default beam is the same as the second default beam; and the method further comprises selecting the first default beam and the second default beam based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined control resource set (CORESET) pool index, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, the first TRP not being associated with inter-cell beam management, and the second TRP not being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • TCI downlink applicable transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET predefined control resource set
  • Aspect 7 The method of Aspect 1, in which the first default beam is the same as the second default beam; and the method further comprises selecting the first default beam and the second default beam based on a receive beam for a control resource set (CORESET) with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitored slot, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, and the first TRP being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • ID lowest identifier
  • Aspect 8 The method of any of the preceding Aspects, further comprising reporting a UE capability indicating whether the UE supports the per TRP default beam mode.
  • Aspect 9 The method of any of the preceding Aspects, further comprising selecting the first default beam based on an indicated transmission configuration indication (TCI) associated with the first TRP and corresponding control resource set (CORESET) pool, in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode, wherein each TRP corresponds to a CORESET pool.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET control resource set
  • Aspect 10 The method of any of the preceding Aspects 1-8, further comprising selecting the first default beam for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to the first TRP, the selecting based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined CORESET pool, in response to the first TRP not being associated with any physical cell identifier (PCI) for any neighbor cell and the second TRP not being associated with any PCI for any neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • Aspect 11 The method of any of the Aspects 1-8, further comprising selecting the first default beam for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to the first TRP based on a receive beam for a CORESET with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitoring slot before the first downlink transmission, in response to a first downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first TRP being associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) for a neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • ID lowest identifier
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • a method of wireless communication by a network device comprising: transmitting a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode; transmitting a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI), the first scheduling DCI scheduling a first downlink transmission for a user equipment (UE) at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI, a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI being less than a threshold time interval; and communicating with the UE with a first default beam of the UE for the first downlink transmission.
  • DCI downlink control information message
  • Aspect 13 The method of Aspect 12, in which the first default beam is selected based on a first control resource set (CORESET) pool associated with the first scheduling DCI for a TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET first control resource set
  • Aspect 14 The method of Aspects 12 or 13, in which the first default beam is an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first CORESET pool in a slot of a scheduled physical downlink shared channel/aperiodic channel state information reference signal (PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS) when inter-cell beam management is not associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • Aspect 15 The method of any of the Aspects 12-14, further comprising determining inter-cell beam management is associated with the component carrier of the TRP based on a TCI for the TRP indicating a non-serving cell.
  • Aspect 16 The method of any of the Aspects 12 or 13, in which the first default beam comprises a transmission configuration indication (TCI) of a lowest CORESET identifier (ID) in a latest CORESET monitoring occasion of a corresponding CORESET pool before a scheduled slot of the PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS when inter-cell beam management is associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • ID lowest CORESET identifier
  • Aspect 17 The method of Aspect 12, in which the first default beam is the same as a second default beam associated with another network device; and the first default beam is selected based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined control resource set (CORESET) pool index, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, and a TRP not being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • TCI downlink applicable transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET control resource set
  • Aspect 18 The method of Aspect 12, in which the first default beam is the same as a second default beam associated with another network device; and the first default beam is selected based on a receive beam for a control resource set (CORESET) with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitored slot, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, and a TRP being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • ID lowest identifier
  • Aspect 19 The method of any of the Aspects 12-18, further comprising receiving a UE capability indicating whether the UE supports the per TRP default beam mode.
  • Aspect 20 The method of any of the Aspects 12-19, in which the first default beam is selected based on an indicated transmission configuration indication (TCI) associated with a TRP and corresponding control resource set (CORESET) pool, in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode, wherein each TRP corresponds to a CORESET pool.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET control resource set
  • Aspect 21 The method of any of the Aspects 12-20, in which the first default beam is selected for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to a TRP, the selecting based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined CORESET pool, in response to the TRP not being associated with any physical cell identifier (PCI) for any neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • TCI downlink applicable transmission configuration indication
  • Aspect 22 The method of any of the Aspects 12-20, in which the first default beam is selected for a control resource set (CORESET) pool corresponding to a TRP based on a receive beam for a CORESET with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitoring slot before the first downlink transmission, in response to a first downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the TRP being associated with a physical cell identifier (PCI) for a neighbor cell, and in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • ID lowest identifier
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • Aspect 23 An apparatus for wireless communication, by a user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor configured: to receive a configuration for enabling a per transmit and receive point (TRP) default beam mode; to receive a first scheduling downlink control information message (DCI) from a first TRP, the first scheduling DCI scheduling a first downlink transmission for the UE at a first time after receiving the first scheduling DCI, a first duration between the first time and a second time when receiving the first scheduling DCI being less than a threshold time interval; to receive a second scheduling DCI from a second TRP, the second scheduling DCI scheduling a second downlink transmission for the UE at a third time after receiving the second scheduling DCI, a second duration between the third time and a fourth time when receiving the second scheduling DCI being less than the threshold time interval; to communicate with the first TRP with a first default beam for the first downlink transmission; and to communicate with the second TRP with a second default beam mode
  • Aspect 24 The apparatus of Aspect 23, in which the at least one processor is further configured: to select the first default beam based on a first control resource set (CORESET) pool associated with the first scheduling DCI for the first TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode; and to select the second default beam based on a second CORESET pool associated with the second scheduling DCI for the second TRP in response to the configuration enabling the per TRP default beam mode.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • Aspect 25 The apparatus of Aspect 23 or 24, in which the first default beam is an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for the first CORESET pool in a slot of a scheduled physical downlink shared channel/aperiodic channel state information reference signal (PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS) when inter-cell beam management is not associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • Aspect 26 The apparatus of any of the Aspects 23-25, in which the at least one processor is further configured to determine inter-cell beam management is associated with the component carrier of the first TRP based on a TCI for the first TRP indicating a non-serving cell.
  • Aspect 27 The apparatus of any of the Aspects 23-27, in which the first default beam comprises a transmission configuration indication (TCI) of a lowest CORESET identifier (ID) in a latest CORESET monitoring occasion of a corresponding CORESET pool before a scheduled slot of the PDSCH/AP-CSI-RS when inter-cell beam management is associated with a component carrier over which the communicating occurs.
  • TCI transmission configuration indication
  • ID lowest CORESET identifier
  • Aspect 28 The apparatus of any of the Aspects 23-27, in which the first default beam is the same as the second default beam; and the at least one processor is further configured to select the first default beam and the second default beam based on an indicated downlink applicable transmission configuration indication (TCI) state for a predefined control resource set (CORESET) pool index, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, the first TRP not being associated with inter-cell beam management, and the second TRP not being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • TCI downlink applicable transmission configuration indication
  • CORESET predefined control resource set
  • Aspect 29 The apparatus of any of the Aspects 23-27, in which the first default beam is the same as the second default beam; and the at least one processor is further configured to select the first default beam and the second default beam based on a receive beam for a control resource set (CORESET) with a lowest identifier (ID) in a latest monitored slot, in response to the configuration not enabling the per TRP default beam mode, and the first TRP being associated with inter-cell beam management.
  • CORESET control resource set
  • ID lowest identifier
  • Aspect 30 The apparatus of any of the Aspects 23-29, in which the at least one processor is further configured to report a UE capability indicating whether the UE supports the per TRP default beam mode.
  • the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software.
  • a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, and/or a combination of hardware and software.
  • satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, and/or the like.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c- c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour recevoir une configuration d'activation d'un mode de faisceau par défaut par point d'émission et de réception (TRP). Le procédé reçoit un premier message d'informations de commande de liaison descendante (DCI) de planification à partir d'un premier TRP et d'une seconde DCI de planification à partir d'un second TRP. Les premières DCI planifient une première transmission de liaison descendante pour l'UE à un premier instant après la réception des premières DCI. Une première durée entre le premier instant et un second instant lors de la réception des premières DCI est inférieure à un seuil. Les secondes DCI planifient une seconde transmission de liaison descendante pour l'UE à un troisième instant après la réception des secondes DCI. Une deuxième durée entre le troisième instant et un quatrième instant lors de la réception des deuxièmes DCI est inférieure au seuil. Le procédé communique avec le premier TRP avec un premier faisceau par défaut, et avec le second TRP avec un second faisceau par défaut.
PCT/US2023/027732 2022-08-12 2023-07-14 Règle de faisceau par défaut pour l'indication de configuration de transmission unifiée (tci) dans le message d'information de commande de liaison descendante multiple (mdci), scénario de points d'émission et de réception multiples (mtrp) WO2024035517A1 (fr)

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US202263397760P 2022-08-12 2022-08-12
US63/397,760 2022-08-12
US18/352,203 2023-07-13
US18/352,203 US20240057081A1 (en) 2022-08-12 2023-07-13 DEFAULT BEAM RULE FOR UNIFIED TRANSMISSION CONFIGURATION INDICATION (TCI) IN MULTIPLE DOWNLINK CONTROL INFORMATION MESSAGE (mDCI), MULTIPLE TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE POINT (mTRP) SCENARIO

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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022015061A1 (fr) * 2020-07-15 2022-01-20 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et dispositif de transmission et de réception en fonction d'un paramètre spatial par défaut dans un système de communication sans fil

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022015061A1 (fr) * 2020-07-15 2022-01-20 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et dispositif de transmission et de réception en fonction d'un paramètre spatial par défaut dans un système de communication sans fil
US20230224726A1 (en) * 2020-07-15 2023-07-13 Lg Electronics Inc. Method and device for transmission and reception based on default spatial parameter in wireless communication system

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ERICSSON: "Beam management for new SCSs", vol. RAN WG1, no. e-Meeting; 20210412 - 20210420, 7 April 2021 (2021-04-07), XP052177765, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ftp.3gpp.org/tsg_ran/WG1_RL1/TSGR1_104b-e/Docs/R1-2102791.zip> [retrieved on 20210407] *

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