WO2024033841A1 - Methods for aerial ue measurement reporting - Google Patents

Abstract

Systems and methods for aerial User Equipment (UE) measurement reporting are provided. In some embodiments, a method implemented in a UE includes: being configured to send a measurement report to a network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; being configured with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and based on a height of the UE, determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use; and determining if the triggering condition is fulfilled based on the determined value of the parameter to use. This allows an aerial UE to update its measurement configuration more rapidly than before and adjust to changes encountered at different heights.

Description

METHODS FOR AERIAL UE MEASUREMENT REPORTING

Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of international patent application serial number PCT/CN2022/111292, filed August 9, 2022, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

[0002] The disclosure relates to measurement reporting.

Background

[0003] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) communications

[0004] The world is witnessing a widespread and increasing use of drones, or more technically the UAV (also known as Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles), in many segments of the economy and in our daily life. There are numerous use cases of UAVs in industry, goods transportation and delivery, surveillance, media production, etc.

[0005] Traditionally, the UAVs can only be flown by a controller within the visual line of sight (VLoS). Realizing the great potential of connecting drones beyond visual line of sight (BVLoS) via cellular network, Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) have specified multiple features in Long Term Evolution (LTE) Rel-15, aiming at improving the efficiency and robustness of terrestrial LTE network for providing aerial connectivity services, particularly for low altitude UAVs. These features target both command-and- control traffic for flying the drone and the data (also known as payload) traffic from the drone to the cellular network. The key features specified include:

• Support for subscription-based identification

• Height reporting when UAV crosses height threshold. The report includes height, location (3D), horizontal and vertical speed.

• Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) reporting per event of N cells' signal power above a threshold. The report includes RSRP/Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)/location (3D).

User Equipment (UE)-specific Uplink (UL) power control. • Flight path information provided from UE to eNB. This includes network polling and list of waypoints (3D location), time stamp if available.

[0006] These features were introduced targeting special needs when serving the UAVs by LTE network, e.g., the need for flying mode detection, interference detection, and interference mitigation.

[0007] In Rel-18, 3GPP is working on porting the above features from LTE to the NR interface. Besides, some features related to broadcasting the UAV identity and support for directional antennas at the UAVs are also being added.

[0008] Note that so far in 3GPP the UAV communications mostly concerns the Uu interface (i.e., uplink and downlink), but in the coming releases starting from Rel-18, the UAV communications in the PC5 (a.k.a. Sidelink) interface will also be standardized. PC5-based UAV communication can be used for broadcasting the UAV ID or for the purpose of detect and avoid (DAA).

[0009] Measurement report triggered by an event condition being fulfilled by multiple cells

[0010] As presented above, in LTE Rel-15, one of the enhancements for aerial UEs was the introduction of RSRP reporting per event of N cells' signal power above a threshold. The rationale for this enhancement was that as aerial UEs are flying up in the air, they are more likely to see or to be seen by a number of cells. Hence, a new triggering condition for UE measurement reports was added where a UE can be configured to trigger a measurement report if an event condition is met for a configurable number of cells. This enhancement helps the eNB to determine that a UE is flying and/or allow to detect that the UE may be causing or experiencing interference. Once such condition is met and a measurement report is sent, the list of triggered cells is updated when subsequent cell(s) fulfil the event, however further measurement reports are not sent while the list of triggered cells remains larger than the configured number of cells. The events applicable for this enhancement are A3, A4 and A5.

- Event A3 (Neighbour becomes offset better than PCell/ PSCell)

- Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold)

Event A5 (PCell/ PSCell becomes worse than thresholdl and neighbour becomes better than threshold2). [0011] More details of these events can be found in TS 36.331, Section 5.

[0012] Measurement reports in NR

[0013] In New Radio (NR), a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode can be configured by the network to perform various measurements and report the measurements to the network. The measurements can be performed on either SS/PSBCH blocks (SSB) or CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resources. In both cases, the measurements can be "beam level" or "cell level". TS 38.331 specified rules for generating a cell level measurement from beam level measurements. Typically, the cell level measurement is defined as the linear average of the strongest K beam measurements whose values exceed a certain threshold, and K is no more than a configured number. If none of the beam measurements has value exceeding the threshold, the value of the strongest beam measurement (i.e., the best beam) is used as the cell level measurement. Fig. 2 illustrates the high-level measurement model in NR. More details can be found in TR 38.300 Section 9.2.4 and TS 38.331.

NOTE 1: K beams correspond to the measurements on SSB or CSI-RS resources configured for L3 mobility by gNB and detected by UE at LI.

[0014] Measurement reports are characterized by the following:

- Measurement reports include the measurement identity of the associated measurement configuration that triggered the reporting;

- Cell and beam measurement quantities to be included in measurement reports are configured by the network;

- The number of non-serving cells to be reported can be limited through configuration by the network;

- Cells belonging to an exclude-list configured by the network are not used in event evaluation and reporting, and conversely when an allow-list is configured by the network, only the cells belonging to the allow-list are used in event evaluation and reporting;

Beam measurements to be included in measurement reports are configured by the network (beam identifier only, measurement result and beam identifier, or no beam reporting). [0015] As with LTE, NR also supports event-triggered measurement reports (e.g.,

Event Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6). The events in NR are similar to LTE, in particular,

- Event A3: (Neighbour becomes offset better than SpCell)

- Event A4: (Neighbour becomes better than threshold)

- Event A5: (SpCell becomes worse than thresholdl and neighbour becomes better than threshold2)

[0016] A reporting configuration for an event-triggered reporting provides the parameters for a specific measurement reporting event. The reporting configuration also specifies the reference signal type (SSB or CSI-RS) used to trigger the event, the number of reports after the event has been triggered, etc. Additionally, the configuration specifies the "cell level" measurement quantities to be included in each report and the maximum number of cells to be reported. In the same manner, the configuration specifies the beam level measurement quantities and the maximum number of beams to be reported. The cell level and beam level measurement quantities can be specified as any combination for RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR.

[0017] As presented in the previous section, to detect that a UE is flying and/or to detect that the UE may be causing or experiencing interference, LTE Rel-15 has introduced measurement report triggered by an event condition being fulfilled by multiple cells. Improved systems and methods for measurement reporting are needed. Summary

[0018] Systems and methods for aerial User Equipment (UE) measurement reporting are provided. In some embodiments, a method implemented in a UE includes: being configured to send a measurement report to a network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; being configured with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and based on a height of the UE, determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use; and determining if the triggering condition is fulfilled based on the determined value of the parameter to use. This allows an aerial UE to update its measurement configuration more rapidly than before and adjust to changes encountered at different heights.

[0019] In some embodiments, a method implemented in a UE includes one or more of: being configured to send a measurement report to a network node (e.g., a base station, an eNB, a gNB) in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; and the triggering condition comprises at least one of cell-level conditions and/or beam-level conditions.

[0020] When a triggering event for measurement report happens, where certain criteria are fulfilled simultaneously with respect to a configurable (larger than one) number of cells, the triggering condition can be defined as any combination of cell-level conditions and beam-level conditions based on the measurement results.

[0021] In some embodiments, the definition of triggering conditions based on beam and/or cell measurement results for aerial UE are adjusted when predefined criteria are fulfilled simultaneously with respect to a configurable (larger than one) number of cells. [0022] The proposed solution proposes a method to define the triggering condition of measurement report when the criteria are fulfilled simultaneously with respect to a configurable (larger than one) number of cells.

[0023] In some embodiments, the triggering condition comprises at least one of: cell-level conditions and/or beam-level conditions.

[0024] In some embodiments, the measurement report configuration and the plurality of values for the parameter are configured together.

[0025] In some embodiments, determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use comprises: if the height of the UE is below a first height threshold, using a first value of the plurality of values for the parameter; and if the height of the UE is not below the first height threshold, using a second value of the plurality of values for the parameter.

[0026] In some embodiments, determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use comprises: determining which of several height thresholds the height of the UE is between and, using a corresponding value of the plurality of values for the parameter.

[0027] In some embodiments, the parameter of the triggering condition comprises: a numberoftriggeringcells parameter.

[0028] In some embodiments, the parameter of the triggering condition comprises an Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold).

[0029] In some embodiments, the cell-level conditions comprise one or more of: a cell-level measurement quantity of a cell i exceeds a predetermined threshold Thc simultaneously for Ni cells; and the difference in value of a cell-level measurement quantity in a first cell i and the same measurement quantity in a second cell i' exceeds a predetermined threshold The, difference simultaneously for N2 second cells.

[0030] In some embodiments, the first cell i is the serving cell and the second cell i' is a neighboring cell.

[0031] In some embodiments, the beam-level conditions comprise one or more of: a beam-level measurement quantity of a beam j exceeds a predetermined threshold TFIBJ simultaneously for Mi beams; the difference in value of a beam-level measurement quantity in a first beam j and the same measurement quantity in a second beam j' exceeds a predetermined threshold Ths, difference simultaneously for M2 second beams. [0032] In some embodiments, the first beam j is the serving beam and the second beam j' is a neighboring beam in the same cell or another cell.

[0033] In some embodiments, the triggering condition comprises a cell-level condition, for which the cell-level measurement quantity in a cell is derived based on the measurement of the strongest beam in the cell.

[0034] In some embodiments, the cell-level measurement quantity of a cell j is derived based on the measurements on Kj strongest beams of the cell.

[0035] In some embodiments, the value of Kj is selected based at least on the height and/or velocity of the UE which means that it is the same value for each cell.

[0036] In some embodiments, the UE is configured with a list of Physical Cell Identities (PCIs) in the measurement configuration and each PCI has own configuration on the cell quality derivation.

[0037] In some embodiments, one configuration is for one list of PCIs and another configuration is for another list of PCI, or all the rest of cells.

[0038] In some embodiments, the triggering condition comprises a combination of a cell-level and a beam-level condition.

[0039] In some embodiments, the measurement quantity is at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, SINR.

[0040] In some embodiments, at least one of the values of Ni, N2, Mi, M2, B, N, Kj, The, i, The, difference, ThBj,ThB, difference above is configured by a network node, or preconfigured, or predefined in specification.

In some embodiments, a predetermined threshold includes at least one of: a predefined value; a value configured by a network; a pre-configured value; an offset value; and a hysteresis value. In some embodiments, a method implemented in a network node includes: configuring a UE to send a measurement report to the network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; configuring the UE with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and receiving a measurement report from the UE where the measurement report is triggered by the condition being fulfilled based on a determined value of the parameter to use, where which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use is based on a height of the UE.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0041] The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0042] Fig. 1 illustrates one example of a cellular communications system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0043] Fig. 2 illustrates a Measurement Model (Fig 9.2.4-1 in TR 38.300, version 17.1.0);

[0044] Figs.3A and 3B illustrate methods of operating a User Equipment (UE), according to some embodiments of the current disclosure;

[0045] Fig. 4 illustrates a method of operating a network node, according to some embodiments of the current disclosure;

[0046] Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a radio access node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0047] Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram that illustrates a virtualized embodiment of the radio access node of Fig. 5 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0048] Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a User Equipment device (UE) according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0049] Fig. 8 illustrates a telecommunication network connected via an intermediate network to a host computer in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0050] Fig. 9 is a generalized block diagram of a host computer communicating via a base station with a UE over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; [0051] Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0054] Fig. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

[0055] The embodiments set forth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments and illustrate the best mode of practicing the embodiments. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure.

[0056] Radio Node: As used herein, a "radio node" is either a radio access node or a wireless communication device.

[0057] Radio Access Node: As used herein, a "radio access node" or "radio network node" or "radio access network node" is any node in a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a cellular communications network that operates to wirelessly transmit and/or receive signals. Some examples of a radio access node include, but are not limited to, a base station (e.g., a New Radio (NR) base station (gNB) in a 3GPP Fifth Generation (5G) NR network or an enhanced or evolved Node B (eNB) in a 3GPP LTE network), a high- power or macro base station, a low-power base station (e.g., a micro base station, a pico base station, a home eNB, or the like), a relay node, a network node that implements part of the functionality of a base station or a network node that implements a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU)) or a network node that implements part of the functionality of some other type of radio access node.

[0058] Core Network Node: As used herein, a "core network node" is any type of node in a core network or any node that implements a core network function. Some examples of a core network node include, e.g., a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW), a Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF), a Home Subscriber Server (HSS), or the like. Some other examples of a core network node include a node implementing an Access and Mobility Function (AMF), a User Plane Function (UPF), a Session Management Function (SMF), an Authentication Server Function (AUSF), a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF), a Network Exposure Function (NEF), a Network Function (NF) Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), or the like.

[0059] Communication Device: As used herein, a "communication device" is any type of device that has access to an access network. Some examples of a communication device include, but are not limited to: mobile phone, smart phone, sensor device, meter, vehicle, household appliance, medical appliance, media player, camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, a television, radio, lighting arrangement, tablet computer, laptop, or Personal Computer (PC). The communication device may be a portable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehiclemounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and/or data via a wireless or wireline connection.

[0060] Wireless Communication Device: One type of communication device is a wireless communication device, which may be any type of wireless device that has access to (i.e., is served by) a wireless network (e.g., a cellular network). Some examples of a wireless communication device include, but are not limited to: a UE in a 3GPP network, a Machine Type Communication (MTC) device, and an Internet of Things (loT) device. Such wireless communication devices may be, or may be integrated into, a mobile phone, smart phone, sensor device, meter, vehicle, household appliance, medical appliance, media player, camera, or any type of consumer electronic, for instance, but not limited to, a television, radio, lighting arrangement, tablet computer, laptop, or PC. The wireless communication device may be a portable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile device, enabled to communicate voice and/or data via a wireless connection.

[0061] Network Node: As used herein, a "network node" is any node that is either part of the RAN or the core network of a cellular communications network/system.

[0062] Transmission/Reception Point (TRP): In some embodiments, a TRP may be either a network node, a radio head, a spatial relation, or a Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state. A TRP may be represented by a spatial relation or a TCI state in some embodiments. In some embodiments, a TRP may be using multiple TCI states. In some embodiments, a TRP may a part of the gNB transmitting and receiving radio signals to/from UE according to physical layer properties and parameters inherent to that element. In some embodiments, in Multiple TRP (multi-TRP) operation, a serving cell can schedule UE from two TRPs, providing better Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) coverage, reliability and/or data rates. There are two different operation modes for multi-TRP: single Downlink Control Information (DCI) and multi- DCI. For both modes, control of uplink and downlink operation is done by both physical layer and Medium Access Control (MAC). In single-DCI mode, UE is scheduled by the same DCI for both TRPs and in multi-DCI mode, UE is scheduled by independent DCIs from each TRP.

[0063] In some embodiments, a set Transmission Points (TPs) is a set of geographically co-located transmit antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) for one cell, part of one cell or one Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) -only TP. TPs can include base station (eNB) antennas, Remote Radio Heads (RRHs), a remote antenna of a base station, an antenna of a PRS-only TP, etc. One cell can be formed by one or multiple TPs. For a homogeneous deployment, each TP may correspond to one cell.

[0064] In some embodiments, a set of TRPs is a set of geographically co-located antennas (e.g., an antenna array (with one or more antenna elements)) supporting TP and/or Reception Point (RP) functionality.

[0065] Note that the description given herein focuses on a 3GPP cellular communications system and, as such, 3GPP terminology or terminology similar to 3GPP terminology is oftentimes used. However, the concepts disclosed herein are not limited to a 3GPP system.

[0066] Note that, in the description herein, reference may be made to the term "cell"; however, particularly with respect to 5G NR concepts, beams may be used instead of cells and, as such, it is important to note that the concepts described herein are equally applicable to both cells and beams.

[0067] Fig. 1 illustrates one example of a cellular communications system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In the embodiments described herein, the cellular communications system 100 is a 5G system (5GS) including a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) and a 5G Core (5GC). In this example, the RAN includes base stations 102-1 and 102-2, which in the 5GS include NR base stations (gNBs) and optionally next generation eNBs (ng-eNBs) (e.g., LTE RAN nodes connected to the 5GC), controlling corresponding (macro) cells 104-1 and 104-2. The base stations 102-1 and 102-2 are generally referred to herein collectively as base stations 102 and individually as base station 102. Likewise, the (macro) cells 104-1 and 104-2 are generally referred to herein collectively as (macro) cells 104 and individually as (macro) cell 104. The RAN may also include a number of low power nodes 106-1 through 106-4 controlling corresponding small cells 108-1 through 108-4. The low power nodes 106-1 through 106-4 can be small base stations (such as pico or femto base stations) or RRHs, or the like. Notably, while not illustrated, one or more of the small cells 108-1 through 108-4 may alternatively be provided by the base stations 102. The low power nodes 106-1 through 106-4 are generally referred to herein collectively as low power nodes 106 and individually as low power node 106. Likewise, the small cells 108-1 through 108-4 are generally referred to herein collectively as small cells 108 and individually as small cell 108. The cellular communications system 100 also includes a core network 110, which in the 5G System (5GS) is referred to as the 5GC. The base stations 102 (and optionally the low power nodes 106) are connected to the core network 110.

[0068] The base stations 102 and the low power nodes 106 provide service to wireless communication devices 112-1 through 112-5 in the corresponding cells 104 and 108. The wireless communication devices 112-1 through 112-5 are generally referred to herein collectively as wireless communication devices 112 and individually as wireless communication device 112. In the following description, the wireless communication devices 112 are oftentimes UEs, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. [0069] General aspects

[0070] In this disclosure, the main context is the event whether certain criteria are fulfilled simultaneously with respect to a configurable (larger than one) number of cells. The fulfilling of a criteria typically means that a configured threshold value is exceeded. Moreover, even the text mentions only exceeding a threshold, the typical requirement is that the threshold is exceeded for a configured amount of time, typically referred to as "time-to-trigger" TTT. The exceeding may or may not include this TTT, even in text it is not repeated all the time. As an aerial UE flying at certain height can see or to be seen by more cells than terrestrial UEs and this makes the interference of aerial UE more complicated, above event can help the base station to determine that a UE is flying and/or allow to detect that the UE may be causing or experiencing interference. In order to derive the cell quality, the UE measures multiple beams (at least one) of a cell and averages the measurement results. Our solution is to propose a cell quality evaluation method in the case of UE measuring beams from multiple cells, and define corresponding configuration.

[0071] In the following embodiments, the term "aerial UE" refers to a UE which is integrated or attached to a UAV or other flying vehicles in free airspace, such as flying taxi/bus, helicopter, chopper, airplane, drone, flying balloon, glider, etc.

[0072] In the following embodiments, the term "network node" refers to any type of radio network node or any network node, which communicates with a UE and/or with another network node, such as NB, MeNB, SeNB, gNB, sgNB, a network node belonging to MCG or SCG, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNB, gNB, network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), integrated and access backhaul (IAB) node, relay, donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), access point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), core network node (e.g. MSC, MME, etc.), O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node, etc.

[0073] In NR, such a need for flying mode detection and/or interference detection is also essential for cellular networks to serve aerial UEs. Therefore, 3GPP is considering a similar enhancement in NR for UAV, i.e., a UE is configured to send measurement reports to the network upon a condition for a certain event is fulfilled by a number of cells. However, as detailed herein, unlike LTE, the cell level measurement in NR is derived based on a beam level measurement and selection mechanism. As a result, it is unclear how the trigger of the measurement report in NR should be defined.

[0074] In some embodiments, a method implemented in a UE includes: being configured to send a measurement report to a network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; being configured with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and based on a height of the UE, determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use; and determining if the triggering condition is fulfilled based on the determined value of the parameter to use. This allows an aerial UE to update its measurement configuration more rapidly than before and adjust to changes encountered at different heights.

[0075] Embodiments

[0076] The following embodiments can be combined in various meaningful ways to provide technical advantages.

[0077] In a fisrt embodiment, a UE is configured to send a measurement report to a network node (e.g., a base station, an eNB, a gNB) in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled, the triggering condition comprises at least one of cell-level conditions and/or beam-level conditions.

[0078] Non-limiting examples of cell-level conditions:

- a cell-level measurement quantity of a cell i exceeds a predetermined threshold Thc simultaneously for Ni cells

- the difference in value of a cell-level measurement quantity in a first cell i (e.g., the serving cell) and the same measurement quantity in a second cell i' (e.g., a neighboring cell) exceeds a predetermined threshold The, difference simultaneously for N2 second cells.

[0079] Non-limiting examples of beam-level conditions:

- a beam-level measurement quantity of a beam j exceeds a predetermined threshold Thej simultaneously for Mi beams

- the difference in value of a beam-level measurement quantity in a first beam j (e.g., the serving beam) and the same measurement quantity in a second beam j' (e.g., a neighboring beam in the same cell or another cell) exceeds a predetermined threshold Ths, difference simultaneously for M2 second beams.

[0080] In one embodiment, the triggering condition comprises a cell-level condition, for which the cell-level measurement quantity in a cell is derived based on the measurement of the strongest beam in the cell. In another example, the cell-level measurement quantity of a cell j is derived based on the measurements on Kj strongest beams of the cell (e.g., the linear average of the Kj beams is used.) - In one example, the value of Kj is selected based at least on the height and/or velocity of the UE which means that it is the same value for each cell. For example, Kj takes a value in a first set of values if the height and/or velocity of the UE is above a first threshold value. Kj takes a value in a second set of values if the height and/or velocity of the UE is below a second threshold value.

- In another example, different cells follow different configuration. For example, the UE is configured with a list of PCIs in the measurement configuration and each PCI has own configuration on the cell quality derivation. Or, there may be one configuration for one list of PCIs and another for another list of PCI, or all the rest of cells the UE may find. The reasoning for this is that in drone use case, some PCIs (cells) may be more preferred for the UE due to those cells being prepared for drone handover, and/or those PCI/cells are known to be on the flight path of the UE. Hence, it may be preferred by the network that the measurement results are calculated such that these cells are prioritized. The prioritization may also happen by simply setting a margin to be applied to the measurement quantity.

[0081] In one embodiment, the triggering condition comprises a combination of a cell-level and a beam-level condition. For example,

- There are in total at least B beams in at least N cells, each beam j with a beamlevel measurement quantity exceeding a predetermined threshold TFIBJ.

- There are at least B beams in each of at least N cells wherein each beam j has a beam-level measurement quantity exceeding a predetermined threshold TFIBJ and each cell i has a cell-level measurement quantity exceeding a predetermined threshold Thc .

[0082] In one embodiment, the UE is (pre-)configured with a certain height and/or velocity threshold and depending on the current height and/or velocity compared to the (pre-)configured threshold, the UE applies one or another type of triggering conditions (i.e., the triggering condition consists of only cell-level condition or only beam-level condition, or a combination thereof). For example, if the UE's height is above (or below) the (pre-)configured height threshold, the UE applies a triggering condition which includes only cell-level conditions. [0083] In one embodiment, all predetermined thresholds of the cells or beams in the above embodiments and examples are the same, which means:

Thc = Thc , ThBj = TFIB, for any i or j in valid ranges

[0084] In another embodiment, at least two of the predetermined thresholds are different, which means at least one (i, i⁷) or 0, j⁷) exists satisfying:

Thc + Thc,r , ThB,j + Thej', where i^i⁷ and j^j⁷, for i, i', j and j' in valid ranges

[0085] In a dependent embodiment, the measurement quantity in the above embodiment is at least one of RSRP, RSRQ, SINR.

[0086] In one embodiment, at least one of the values of Ni, N2, Mi, M2, B, N, Kj,Thc,i, The, difference, ThBj, ThB, difference above is configured by a network node (e.g., via SIB or RRC signalling), or pre-configured (e.g., in SIM card), or predefined in specification.

[0087] In one embodiment, a predetermined threshold includes at least one of a predefined value (e.g., defined in the specifications), a value configured by a network (e.g., via SIB or RRC signalling), a pre-configured value (e.g., in SIM card), an offset value, a hysteresis value.

[0088] Fig. 3A and 3B illustrate methods of operating a User Equipment (UE), according to some embodiments of the current disclosure. In Fig. 3A, method 301A is illustrated. In some embodiments, a method (301B) implemented in a UE includes: being configured (step 300B) to send a measurement report to a network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; being configured (step 302B) with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and based on a height of the UE, determining (step 304B) which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use; and determining (step 306B) if the triggering condition is fulfilled based on the determined value of the parameter to use.

[0089] Fig. 4 illustrates a method (401) implemented in a network node including: configuring (400) a UE to send a measurement report to the network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; configuring (402) the UE with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and receiving (404) a measurement report from the UE where the measurement report is triggered by the condition being fulfilled based on a determined value of the parameter to use, where which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use is based on a height of the UE.

[0090] Fig. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a radio access node 500 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Optional features are represented by dashed boxes. The radio access node 500 may be, for example, a base station 102 or 106 or a network node that implements all or part of the functionality of the base station 102 or gNB described herein. As illustrated, the radio access node 500 includes a control system 502 that includes one or more processors 504 (e.g., Central Processing Units (CPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and/or the like), memory 506, and a network interface 508. The one or more processors 504 are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. In addition, the radio access node 500 may include one or more radio units 510 that each includes one or more transmitters 512 and one or more receivers 514 coupled to one or more antennas 516. The radio units 510 may be referred to or be part of radio interface circuitry. In some embodiments, the radio unit(s) 510 is external to the control system 502 and connected to the control system 502 via, e.g., a wired connection (e.g., an optical cable). However, in some other embodiments, the radio unit(s) 510 and potentially the antenna(s) 516 are integrated together with the control system 502. The one or more processors 504 operate to provide one or more functions of a radio access node 500 as described herein. In some embodiments, the function(s) are implemented in software that is stored, e.g., in the memory 506 and executed by the one or more processors 504.

[0091] Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram that illustrates a virtualized embodiment of the radio access node 500 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. This discussion is equally applicable to other types of network nodes. Further, other types of network nodes may have similar virtualized architectures. Again, optional features are represented by dashed boxes.

[0092] As used herein, a "virtualized" radio access node is an implementation of the radio access node 500 in which at least a portion of the functionality of the radio access node 500 is implemented as a virtual component(s) (e.g., via a virtual machine(s) executing on a physical processing node(s) in a network(s)). As illustrated, in this example, the radio access node 500 may include the control system 502 and/or the one or more radio units 510, as described above. The control system 502 may be connected to the radio unit(s) 510 via, for example, an optical cable or the like. The radio access node 500 includes one or more processing nodes 600 coupled to or included as part of a network(s) 602. If present, the control system 502 or the radio unit(s) are connected to the processing node(s) 600 via the network 602. Each processing node 600 includes one or more processors 604 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), memory 606, and a network interface 608.

[0093] In this example, functions 610 of the radio access node 500 described herein are implemented at the one or more processing nodes 600 or distributed across the one or more processing nodes 600 and the control system 502 and/or the radio unit(s) 510 in any desired manner. In some particular embodiments, some or all of the functions 610 of the radio access node 500 described herein are implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in a virtual environment(s) hosted by the processing node(s) 600. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, additional signaling or communication between the processing node(s) 600 and the control system 502 is used in order to carry out at least some of the desired functions 610. Notably, in some embodiments, the control system 502 may not be included, in which case the radio unit(s) 510 communicate directly with the processing node(s) 600 via an appropriate network interface(s).

[0094] In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of radio access node 500 or a node (e.g., a processing node 600) implementing one or more of the functions 610 of the radio access node 500 in a virtual environment according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory).

[0095] Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a wireless communication device 700 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated, the wireless communication device 700 includes one or more processors 702 (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, and/or the like), memory 704, and one or more transceivers 706 each including one or more transmitters 708 and one or more receivers 710 coupled to one or more antennas 712. The transceiver(s) 706 includes radio-front end circuitry connected to the antenna(s) 712 that is configured to condition signals communicated between the antenna(s) 712 and the processor(s) 702, as will be appreciated by on of ordinary skill in the art. The processors 702 are also referred to herein as processing circuitry. The transceivers 706 are also referred to herein as radio circuitry. In some embodiments, the functionality of the wireless communication device 700 described above may be fully or partially implemented in software that is, e.g., stored in the memory 704 and executed by the processor(s) 702. Note that the wireless communication device 700 may include additional components not illustrated in Fig. 7 such as, e.g., one or more user interface components (e.g., an input/output interface including a display, buttons, a touch screen, a microphone, a speaker(s), and/or the like and/or any other components for allowing input of information into the wireless communication device 700 and/or allowing output of information from the wireless communication device 700), a power supply (e.g., a battery and associated power circuitry), etc.

[0096] In some embodiments, a computer program including instructions which, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to carry out the functionality of the wireless communication device 700 according to any of the embodiments described herein is provided. In some embodiments, a carrier comprising the aforementioned computer program product is provided. The carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, a radio signal, or a computer readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium such as memory).

[0097] With reference to Fig. 8, in accordance with an embodiment, a communication system includes a telecommunication network 800, such as a 3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises an access network 802, such as a RAN, and a core network 804. The access network 802 comprises a plurality of base stations 806A, 806B, 806C, such as Node Bs, eNBs, gNBs, or other types of wireless Access Points (APs), each defining a corresponding coverage area 808A, 808B, 808C. Each base station 806A, 806B, 806C is connectable to the core network 804 over a wired or wireless connection 810. A first UE 812 located in coverage area 808C is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding base station 806C. A second UE 814 in coverage area 808A is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station 806A. While a plurality of UEs 812, 814 are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole UE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to the corresponding base station 806. [0098] The telecommunication network 800 is itself connected to a host computer 816, which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, or as processing resources in a server farm. The host computer 816 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 818 and 820 between the telecommunication network 800 and the host computer 816 may extend directly from the core network 804 to the host computer 816 or may go via an optional intermediate network 822. The intermediate network 822 may be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private, or hosted network; the intermediate network 822, if any, may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, the intermediate network 822 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

[0099] The communication system of Fig. 8 as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs 812, 814 and the host computer 816. The connectivity may be described as an Over-the-Top (OTT) connection 824. The host computer 816 and the connected UEs 812, 814 are configured to communicate data and/or signaling via the OTT connection 824, using the access network 802, the core network 804, any intermediate network 822, and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. The OTT connection 824 may be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices through which the OTT connection 824 passes are unaware of routing of uplink and downlink communications. For example, the base station 806 may not or need not be informed about the past routing of an incoming downlink communication with data originating from the host computer 816 to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE 812. Similarly, the base station 806 need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoing uplink communication originating from the UE 812 towards the host computer 816.

[0100] Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE, base station, and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to Fig. 9. In a communication system 900, a host computer 902 comprises hardware 904 including a communication interface 906 configured to set up and maintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of the communication system 900. The host computer 902 further comprises processing circuitry 908, which may have storage and/or processing capabilities. In particular, the processing circuitry 908 may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The host computer 902 further comprises software 910, which is stored in or accessible by the host computer 902 and executable by the processing circuitry 908. The software 910 includes a host application 912. The host application 912 may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as a UE 914 connecting via an OTT connection 916 terminating at the UE 914 and the host computer 902. In providing the service to the remote user, the host application 912 may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection 916.

[0101] The communication system 900 further includes a base station 918 provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware 920 enabling it to communicate with the host computer 902 and with the UE 914. The hardware 920 may include a communication interface 922 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of the communication system 900, as well as a radio interface 924 for setting up and maintaining at least a wireless connection 926 with the UE 914 located in a coverage area (not shown in Fig. 9) served by the base station 918. The communication interface 922 may be configured to facilitate a connection 928 to the host computer 902. The connection 928 may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown in Fig. 9) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In the embodiment shown, the hardware 920 of the base station 918 further includes processing circuitry 930, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The base station 918 further has software 932 stored internally or accessible via an external connection. [0102] The communication system 900 further includes the UE 914 already referred to. The UE's 914 hardware 934 may include a radio interface 936 configured to set up and maintain a wireless connection 926 with a base station serving a coverage area in which the UE 914 is currently located. The hardware 934 of the UE 914 further includes processing circuitry 938, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, ASICs, FPGAs, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The UE 914 further comprises software 940, which is stored in or accessible by the UE 914 and executable by the processing circuitry 938. The software 940 includes a client application 942. The client application 942 may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via the UE 914, with the support of the host computer 902. In the host computer 902, the executing host application 912 may communicate with the executing client application 942 via the OTT connection 916 terminating at the UE 914 and the host computer 902. In providing the service to the user, the client application 942 may receive request data from the host application 912 and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 916 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The client application 942 may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides.

[0103] It is noted that the host computer 902, the base station 918, and the UE 914 illustrated in Fig. 9 may be similar or identical to the host computer 816, one of the base stations 806A, 806B, 806C, and one of the UEs 812, 814 of Fig. 8, respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entities may be as shown in Fig. 9 and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of Fig. 8.

[0104] In Fig. 9, the OTT connection 916 has been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host computer 902 and the UE 914 via the base station 918 without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices. The network infrastructure may determine the routing, which may be configured to hide from the UE 914 or from the service provider operating the host computer 902, or both. While the OTT connection 916 is active, the network infrastructure may further take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing (e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of the network).

[0105] The wireless connection 926 between the UE 914 and the base station 918 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE 914 using the OTT connection 916, in which the wireless connection 926 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may improve the e.g., data rate, latency, power consumption, etc. and thereby provide benefits such as e.g., reduced user waiting time, relaxed restriction on file size, better responsiveness, extended battery lifetime, etc.

[0106] A measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency, and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 916 between the host computer 902 and the UE 914, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 916 may be implemented in the software 910 and the hardware 904 of the host computer 902 or in the software 940 and the hardware 934 of the UE 914, or both. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which the OTT connection 916 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which the software 910, 940 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection 916 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect the base station 918, and it may be unknown or imperceptible to the base station 918. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating the host computer's 902 measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency, and the like. The measurements may be implemented in that the software 910 and 940 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or 'dummy' messages, using the OTT connection 916 while it monitors propagation times, errors, etc.

[0107] Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 8 and 9. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Fig. 10 will be included in this section. In step 1000, the host computer provides user data. In sub-step 1002 (which may be optional) of step 1000, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 1004, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step 1006 (which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried in the transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 1008 (which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer. [0108] Fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 8 and 9. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Fig. 11 will be included in this section. In step 1100 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional sub-step (not shown) the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step 1102, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 1104 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

[0109] Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 8 and 9. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Fig. 12 will be included in this section. In step 1200 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step 1202, the UE provides user data. In sub-step 1204 (which may be optional) of step 1200, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. In sub-step 1206 (which may be optional) of step 1202, the UE executes a client application which provides the user data in reaction to the received input data provided by the host computer. In providing the user data, the executed client application may further consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE initiates, in sub-step 1208 (which may be optional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step 1210 of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

[0110] Fig. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system, in accordance with one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE which may be those described with reference to Figures 8 and 9. For simplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to Fig. 13 will be included in this section. In step 1300 (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. In step 1302 (which may be optional), the base station initiates transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step 1304 (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

[0111] Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0112] While processes in the figures may show a particular order of operations performed by certain embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that such order is exemplary (e.g., alternative embodiments may perform the operations in a different order, combine certain operations, overlap certain operations, etc.).

[0113]

[0114] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein.

Claims

Claims

1. A method implemented in a User Equipment, UE, comprising: being configured (300B) to send a measurement report to a network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; being configured (302B) with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; based on a height of the UE, determining (304B) which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use; and determining (306B) if the triggering condition is fulfilled based on the determined value of the parameter to use.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the triggering condition comprises at least one of: cell-level conditions and/or beam-level conditions.

3. The method of any of claims 1-2 wherein the measurement report configuration and the plurality of values for the parameter are configured together.

4. The method of any of claims 1-3 wherein determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use comprises: if the height of the UE is below a first height threshold, using a first value of the plurality of values for the parameter; and if the height of the UE is not below the first height threshold, using a second value of the plurality of values for the parameter.

5. The method of any of claims 1-4 wherein determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use comprises: determining which of several height thresholds the height of the UE is between and, using a corresponding value of the plurality of values for the parameter.

6. The method of any of claims 1-5 wherein the parameter of the triggering condition comprises: a numberoftriggeringcells parameter.

7. The method of any of claims 1-5 wherein the parameter of the triggering condition comprises an Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold).

8. The method of any of claims 1-7 wherein the cell-level conditions comprise one or more of: a cell-level measurement quantity of a cell i exceeds a predetermined threshold Thc simultaneously for Ni cells; and the difference in value of a cell-level measurement quantity in a first cell i and the same measurement quantity in a second cell i' exceeds a predetermined threshold The, difference simultaneously for N2 second cells.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the first cell i is the serving cell and the second cell i' is a neighboring cell.

10. The method of any of claims 1-9 wherein the beam-level conditions comprise one or more of: a beam-level measurement quantity of a beam j exceeds a predetermined threshold TFIBJ simultaneously for Mi beams; the difference in value of a beam-level measurement quantity in a first beam j and the same measurement quantity in a second beam j' exceeds a predetermined threshold Ths, difference simultaneously for M2 second beams.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the first beam j is the serving beam and the second beam j' is a neighboring beam in the same cell or another cell.

12. The method of any of claims 1-11 wherein the triggering condition comprises a cell-level condition, for which the cell-level measurement quantity in a cell is derived based on the measurement of the strongest beam in the cell.

13. The method of any of claims 1-12 wherein the cell-level measurement quantity of a cell j is derived based on the measurements on Kj strongest beams of the cell.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the value of Kj is selected based at least on the height and/or velocity of the UE which means that it is the same value for each cell.

15. The method of any of claims 1-14 wherein the UE is configured with a list of Physical Cell Identities, PCIs, in the measurement configuration and each PCI has own configuration on the cell quality derivation.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein one configuration is for one list of PCIs and another configuration is for another list of PCI, or all the rest of cells.

17. The method of any of claims 1-16 wherein the triggering condition comprises a combination of a cell-level and a beam-level condition.

18. The method of any of claims 1-17 wherein the measurement quantity is at least one of Reference Signal Received Power, RSRP, Reference Signal Received Quality, RSRQ, Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio, SINR.

19. The method of any of claims 1-18 wherein at least one of the values of Ni, N2, Mi, M2, B, N, Kj, The, i, The, difference, ThBj, Ths, difference above is configured by a network node, or pre-configured, or predefined in specification.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein a predetermined threshold includes at least one of: a predefined value; a value configured by a network; a pre-configured value; an offset value; and a hysteresis value.

21. A method implemented in a network node, comprising: configuring (400) a User Equipment, UE, to send a measurement report to the network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; configuring (402) the UE with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and receiving (404) a measurement report from the UE where the measurement report is triggered by the condition being fulfilled based on a determined value of the parameter to use, where which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use is based on a height of the UE.

22. The method of claim 21 wherein the triggering condition comprises at least one of: cell-level conditions and/or beam-level conditions.

23. The method of any of claims 21-22 wherein the measurement report configuration and the plurality of values for the parameter are configured together.

24. The method of any of claims 21-23 wherein determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use comprises: if the height of the UE is below a first height threshold, using a first value of the plurality of values for the parameter; and if the height of the UE is not below the first height threshold, using a second value of the plurality of values for the parameter.

25. The method of any of claims 21-24 wherein determining which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use comprises: determining which of several height thresholds the height of the UE is between and, using a corresponding value of the plurality of values for the parameter.

26. The method of any of claims 21-25 wherein the parameter of the triggering condition comprises: a numberoftriggeringcells parameter.

27. The method of any of claims 21-25 wherein the parameter of the triggering condition comprises an Event A4 (Neighbour becomes better than threshold).

28. The method of any of claims 21-27 wherein the cell-level conditions comprise one or more of: a cell-level measurement quantity of a cell i exceeds a predetermined threshold Thc simultaneously for Ni cells; and the difference in value of a cell-level measurement quantity in a first cell i and the same measurement quantity in a second cell i' exceeds a predetermined threshold The, difference simultaneously for N2 second cells.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein the first cell i is the serving cell and the second cell i' is a neighboring cell.

30. The method of any of claims 21-29 wherein the beam-level conditions comprise one or more of: a beam-level measurement quantity of a beam j exceeds a predetermined threshold TFIBJ simultaneously for Mi beams; the difference in value of a beam-level measurement quantity in a first beam j and the same measurement quantity in a second beam j' exceeds a predetermined threshold Ths, difference simultaneously for M2 second beams.

31. The method of claim 10 wherein the first beam j is the serving beam and the second beam j' is a neighboring beam in the same cell or another cell.

32. The method of any of claims 21-31 wherein the triggering condition comprises a cell-level condition, for which the cell-level measurement quantity in a cell is derived based on the measurement of the strongest beam in the cell.

33. The method of any of claims 21-32 wherein the cell-level measurement quantity of a cell j is derived based on the measurements on Kj strongest beams of the cell.

34. The method of claim 13 wherein the value of Kj is selected based at least on the height and/or velocity of the UE which means that it is the same value for each cell.

35. The method of any of claims 21-34 wherein the UE is configured with a list of Physical Cell Identities, PCIs, in the measurement configuration and each PCI has own configuration on the cell quality derivation.

36. The method of claim 35 wherein one configuration is for one list of PCIs and another configuration is for another list of PCI, or all the rest of cells.

37. The method of any of claims 21-36 wherein the triggering condition comprises a combination of a cell-level and a beam-level condition.

38. The method of any of claims 21-37 wherein the measurement quantity is at least one of Reference Signal Received Power, RSRP, Reference Signal Received Quality, RSRQ, Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio, SINR.

39. The method of any of claims 21-38 wherein at least one of the values of Ni, N2, Mi, M2, B, N, Kj, The, i, The, difference, ThBj, Ths, difference above is configured by a network node, or pre-configured, or predefined in specification.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein a predetermined threshold includes at least one of: a predefined value; a value configured by a network; a pre-configured value; an offset value; and a hysteresis value.

41. A User Equipment, UE, the UE (700) comprising one or more processors (702) and memory (704), the memory (704) comprising instructions to cause the UE (700) to: be configured to send a measurement report to a network node in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; be configured with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; based on a height of the UE, determine which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use; and determine if the triggering condition is fulfilled based on the determined value of the parameter to use.

42. The UE (700) of claim 41 further operable to implement the features of any of claims 2-20.

43. A network node (400), the network node (400) comprising one or more processors (404) and memory (406), the memory (406) comprising instructions to cause the network node (400) to: configure a User Equipment, UE, (700) to send a measurement report to the network node (400) in response to a triggering condition being fulfilled; configure the UE with a plurality of values for a parameter of the triggering condition; and receive a measurement report from the UE where the measurement report is triggered by the condition being fulfilled based on a determined value of the parameter to use, where which value of the plurality of values for the parameter to use is based on a height of the UE (700).

44. The network node (400) of claim 43 further operable to implement the features of any of claims 21-40.

45. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

46. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any one of claims 21 to 40.