WO2024032317A1 - 城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法 - Google Patents

城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法 Download PDF

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WO2024032317A1
WO2024032317A1 PCT/CN2023/107680 CN2023107680W WO2024032317A1 WO 2024032317 A1 WO2024032317 A1 WO 2024032317A1 CN 2023107680 W CN2023107680 W CN 2023107680W WO 2024032317 A1 WO2024032317 A1 WO 2024032317A1
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building
type
texture
plot
volumes
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French (fr)
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韩冬青
方榕
李力
刘碧玉
章周宇
黄瑞克
王佳
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东南大学建筑设计研究院有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60Planning or developing urban green infrastructure

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  • the invention relates to the field of urban design, and specifically to a digital rapid generation method of three-dimensional building volumes for the purpose of morphological type design and guidance in overall or regional urban design.
  • the digital generation method proposed by the present invention is mainly used to quickly generate three-dimensional building volume filling that can reflect the design intention in the overall or area-scale urban design of contemporary China.
  • the morphological type module that matches the design intention by converting and superimposing the designer's morphological design intention in multiple links of urban design, three-dimensional building volumes suitable for contemporary Chinese cities can be quickly generated on a large scale, thereby helping urban designers to Quickly compare, select and adjust plans, and provide effective guidance for future architectural design.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to:
  • Parameter adjustment and shape modification can be carried out to facilitate urban designers to carry out manual intervention in key links.
  • this invention can realize the superposition, deletion or modification of morphological influence parameters according to the design intention through the simulation and disassembly of urban design steps, and can also carry out morphological changes.
  • the multiple combinations of modules allow designers to participate highly, and the generated shapes are highly modifiable, which is suitable for elaboration and optimization in the urban design process.
  • the digital generation method of building volumes based on morphological types in urban design of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Generate the buildable range of the volume
  • Step 2 Read the plot parameters.
  • the plot parameters include urban plot texture type, floor area ratio and building density index. Fill the building texture form in the three-dimensional box Vb within the buildable range.
  • the plot texture type Generate three-dimensional architectural texture volume V1;
  • Step 3 Adjust the volume according to the parameters affecting the texture shape to form the texture volume V2 of the plot;
  • Step 4 Carry out morphological optimization and adjustment based on the texture volume V2 of the plot, and then verify the parameters of the plot;
  • Step 5 Statistics of construction volume
  • step 2 the land texture types described in step 2 include multi-story concentrated type, residential community type, residential mixed type, business office type, primary and secondary school type, waterfront and mountain peripheral type, and factory and warehouse type;
  • Each land texture type is derived from one basic morphological module or a combination of two basic morphological modules
  • the basic form modules include point towers, panel residential volumes, centralized podiums, enclosed podiums, small commercial volumes along the street, primary and secondary school volumes, landscape-sensitive small-scale volumes, and large-scale factories.
  • multi-story centralized type is derived from the centralized volume podium in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the residential area type is derived from the combination of plate-type residential volumes and small commercial volumes along the street in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the business office type is derived from the combination of point towers and enclosed podiums in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the primary and secondary school types are derived from the primary and secondary school volumes in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the waterfront and mountain perimeter type is derived from the combination of small commercial volumes along the street and landscape-sensitive small-scale volumes in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the factory and warehouse types are derived from the large-scale factory building in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module.
  • step 2 different land texture types need to meet the priority of land parameters, and the building volume is generated in different ways.
  • Multi-story centralized type building density is the priority value, and is achieved by superimposing the number of building layers until the total building volume reaches the upper limit of floor area ratio;
  • step 3 the texture shape influencing parameters mentioned in step 3 include urban arterial roads L1, lifestyle streets L2, and important landscape surfaces L3;
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional box Vb that generates the buildable range based on the building setback control line and the plot control height;
  • Figure 3 is the corresponding relationship diagram between the basic morphological module and the land texture morphological type
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional building texture volume diagram generated based on the land texture type
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of adjusting the volume according to the parameters affected by texture morphology.
  • This algorithm realizes the generation process from land use indicators to three-dimensional building form volume.
  • the algorithm uses the block land outline, land texture type, land use indicators (building height limit, building density, floor area ratio), landscape orientation, road functional attributes, etc. as input parameters to generate a three-dimensional building form and volume combination within the block.
  • the output morphological volume meets the input parameter requirements and the morphological control guidance requirements commonly used in urban design, and can effectively reflect urban design intentions.
  • Step 1 Generate the buildable range of the volume
  • the building setback control line Read the building setback control line and plot control height parameters to generate a three-dimensional box Vb of the buildable range of the building within the development plot, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the building setback control line is manually given in AutoCAD and then read by the computer.
  • Step 2 The computer reads the plot parameters given by the urban designer.
  • the plot parameters include the plot texture type, floor area ratio and building density index, and fills in the building texture form within the three-dimensional box Vb within the buildable range.
  • the three-dimensional architectural texture volume V1 is generated according to the land texture type assigned by the designer, as shown in Figure 4; each land texture type is derived from one basic form module or a combination of two basic form modules;
  • the land texture types include multi-story concentrated type, residential area type, residential mixed type, business office type, primary and secondary school type, waterfront and mountain peripheral type, and factory and warehouse type;
  • Multi-story centralized type building density is the priority value, and is achieved by superimposing the number of building layers until the total building volume reaches the upper limit of floor area ratio;
  • the basic form modules include: A. point tower; B. plate-type residential volume; C. centralized volume podium; D. enclosed podium; E. small commercial volume along the street; F. primary and secondary school volume; G. Landscape-sensitive small-scale volume; H. Large-scale factory building.
  • Basic morphological modules form the land texture morphological type independently or in combination;
  • Each land parcel texture morphology type is derived from one basic morphology module or a combination of two basic morphology modules.
  • the multi-story centralized type is derived from the centralized volume podium in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the residential area type is derived from the combination of plate-type residential volumes and small commercial volumes along the street in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the business office type is derived from the combination of point towers and enclosed podiums in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the primary and secondary school types are derived from the primary and secondary school volumes in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the waterfront and mountain perimeter type is derived from the combination of small commercial volumes along the street and landscape-sensitive small-scale volumes in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the factory and warehouse types are derived from the large-scale factory buildings in the basic three-dimensional architectural texture module;
  • the general method often relies on land use properties to define building texture morphology types, that is, one land use property corresponds to a unique land texture morphology type.
  • land use properties in the actual operation of urban design, there is not a one-to-one mapping relationship between land use properties and land parcel texture types. Different land uses may have the same land parcel texture type. When location conditions change for the same land use, different designs may result. Intention will also produce different land texture forms.
  • the present invention lays out the land texture form through the combination of basic form modules that designers can participate in the selection, and can also supplement the design conditions (such as road attributes, whether it is a traffic road or a lifestyle road; which direction is the landscape surface) To increase the constraints of form generation, observe whether the generated form meets the requirements, and modify the relevant conditions if it does not, so that designers can have more participation and adjustability.
  • design conditions such as road attributes, whether it is a traffic road or a lifestyle road; which direction is the landscape surface
  • the orientation of the plot should be identified first. If the angle between the plot edge and the north-south direction is ⁇ 30 degrees, the residential buildings should be laid out parallel to the plot edge; if the angle between the plot edge and the north-south direction is >30 degrees, then the residential buildings should be laid out in the north-south direction. If the angle between the plot edge and the north-south direction is ⁇ 20 degrees south to east or ⁇ 10 degrees south to west, the long axis of outdoor track and field fields in primary and secondary schools and various ball fields such as football, basketball, and volleyball shall be parallel to the edge of the plot. layout, in other cases it should be laid out in a north-south direction.
  • the side length of the plot should be identified first to determine whether secondary division of the plot is required. When the length of one side of the plot reaches a certain value, the plot is divided in half along the vertical direction of the side length, and then texture filling is performed after the division.
  • Step 3 Adjust the volume according to the parameters affecting the texture shape to form the texture volume V2 of the plot;
  • the computer reads the texture morphology influencing parameters given by the urban designer.
  • the texture morphology influencing parameters include but are not limited to: a. Urban arterial road L1; b. Lifestyle street L2; c. Important landscape surface L3.
  • the volume is adjusted according to the corresponding rules to generate the texture volume V2 of the plot.
  • Step 4 Volume optimization and indicator verification. After the adjustment is completed, volume V3 is output.
  • Step 5 Construction volume statistics.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,包括如下步骤:步骤1,生成开发地块内建筑可建设范围的三维盒子Vb;步骤2,读取地块参数,在可建设范围的三维盒子Vb内进行建筑肌理形态填充,根据地块肌理形态类型生成三维建筑肌理形态体量V1;步骤3,根据肌理形态影响参数调整体量,形成地块肌理体量V2;步骤4,在地块肌理体量V2的基础上进行形态优化调整,然后再进行地块参数验核;输出体量V3;步骤5,对建设量进行统计。本发明的方法有助于提高城市设计工作效率,贴合城市设计实践方式与工作流程,方便根据设计意图进行方案调整,并可实时数据统计与反馈,有助于设计师进行关键决策。

Description

城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法 技术领域
本发明涉及城市设计领域,具体涉及总体或片区城市设计中,以形态类型设计与引导为目的的三维建筑体量的数字化快速生成方法。
背景技术
城市三维空间形态设计与控制引导是城市设计的关键工作内容之一,把二维用地性质及其相关指标高效转化为能够体现设计意图的三维建筑体量,并快速展现片区整体空间形态效果是城市设计推进中至关重要的环节。目前国内大部分城市设计中的三维形体效果展现多依靠人工建模,需要花费大量时间和精力完成,且大多遵循从平面基本定稿再到三维体量建模的过程,因此三维形态效果的展现往往是滞后的,当发现问题需要进行方案调整时,仍需要重回二维平面设计再到三维建模的过程,多次修改优化耗时耗力。
在总体或片区尺度的城市设计中,三维建筑肌理的设计精度要求不高,并存在明显的规则性,计算机辅助快速生成三维体量可以大大提高工作效率。1)国外CityEngine软件已经开始城市三维场景的数字化生成技术,但是由于城市肌理的基本类型、建筑规范与法规的限制等原因,应用在中国城市中时存在诸多不适用。2)国内SaaS系统、诺亚等建筑强排方案智能化辅助设计工具,可以帮助开发商在已确定的地块指标基础上,利用已有的建筑产品,计算和生成可能的组合方案,通过不同方案的比选来确定综合盈利能力最大的方案。但一方面主要适用于微观独立地块尺度,对于宏观、中观尺度的城市设计,每个地块都执行多方案比选会带来巨大而不可实现的计算量。另一方面,该类型工具生成建筑形态的价值观与城市设计有很大不同,前者主要从开发利益最大化的角度出发,而后者则更关注城市整体风貌的协调与城市肌理的类型控制与引导。3)云规划团队开发的十方DEEPUD软件可以在较大尺度的规划中帮助设计师快速生成多地块的建筑肌理,但其主要方法是建立对国内外城市已有建筑肌理的大数据库机器学习基础上。一方面,大部分城市建成肌理是复合混杂的,机器学习生成的结果并不能很好的反应城市设计意图,与设计实践要求的肌理成果存在差距;另一方面数据库包含的城市案例与当代中国相关规范制约下的实际可建设形态存在一定差距,生成结果往往无法满足相关规范要求,不能进行有效的城市设计控制引导。
本发明提出的数字化生成方法,主要面对当代中国的总体或片区尺度的城市设计中,快速生成能够反应设计意图的建筑三维体量填充。从与设计意图相匹配的形态类型模块出发,通过转换并叠加城市设计多个环节中设计师的形态设计意图,可以大规模快速生成适合当代中国城市的三维建筑体量,从而帮助城市设计师进行快速方案比选与调整判断,并对未来建筑设计形成有效引导。
发明内容
基于相关背景技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于:
1).与城市设计方案的设计流程及设计意图良好衔接,高效服务于城市设计方案 实践。针对部分既有技术基于机器学习,生成的三维肌理体量混杂而无法辨识设计意图的问题,本发明从城市设计师实践应用的角度,基于形态类型学的基本思路,将设计意图转化为形态肌理模块,生成的三维形态体量具有较好的设计意图的辨识性。
2).适合当代中国城市的建筑体量与布局方式。置入当代中国城市设计中常用的建筑尺度、建筑布局模式,综合考虑城市规划管理技术规定、建筑设计相关规范强条等影响因素,使得生成的建筑体量落地可行,并可验证相关用地指标的合理性。
3).实现大面积片区整体空间形态效果的快速展现。总体或片区城市设计中的建筑形体生成依托类型化的肌理拼贴,而非精细化的形态设计。本技术将提升城市设计中从二维用地指标到三维形态体量生成的工作效率,简化人力成本,可综合多因素快速生成大规模城市模型。
4).可进行参数调整与形体修改,方便城市设计师进行关键环节的人工干预。针对国外CityEngine软件开放性弱,生成体量不易进行修改与调整的问题,本发明通过城市设计步骤的模拟与拆解,可实现根据设计意图叠加、删减或修改形态影响参数,亦可进行形态模块的多方式组合,设计师可参与性强,生成形体的可修改性强,适合城市设计方案过程中的推敲与优化。
5).量形互动,建立空间形态与开发总量的实时关联。可实时进行开发建设总量及各类型建筑占比的统计与反馈,可以实时计算核验,从而帮助设计师进行方案比较,提高关键决策的前瞻性与科学性。
本发明的城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,生成体量可建设范围;
读取建筑退让控制线和地块控制高度参数,生成开发地块内建筑可建设范围的三维盒子Vb;
步骤2,读取地块参数,所述地块参数包括城市地块肌理形态类型、容积率和建筑密度指标,在可建设范围的三维盒子Vb内进行建筑肌理形态填充,根据地块肌理形态类型生成三维建筑肌理形态体量V1;
步骤3,根据肌理形态影响参数调整体量,形成地块肌理体量V2;
步骤4,在地块肌理体量V2的基础上进行形态优化调整,然后再进行地块参数验核;
若不满足地块参数时,则进行调整,然后输出体量V3;
否则直接输出形态优化调整后的体量做为输出体量V3;
步骤5,对建设量统计;
计算所有体量的总建筑面积,地段的平均容积率,并分类计算各类用地性质的总建筑面积及其所占建筑总量的百分比。
进一步的,步骤2中所述地块肌理形态类型包括多层集中型、居住小区型、居住混合型、商务办公型、中小学型、滨水沿山周边型和工厂与仓储型;
每种地块肌理形态类型来源于一种基本形态模块或两种基本形态模块的组合;
所述基本形态模块包括点式塔楼、板式居住体量、集中体量裙房、围合式裙房、沿街小商业体量、中小学体量、景观敏感型小尺度体量、大体量厂房。
进一步的,多层集中型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的集中体量裙房;
居住小区型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的板式居住体量和沿街小商业体量的组合;
商务办公型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的点式塔楼和围合式裙房的组合;
中小学型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的中小学体量;
滨水沿山周边型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的沿街小商业体量和景观敏感型小尺度体量的组合;
工厂与仓储型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的大体量厂房。
进一步的,步骤2中不同地块肌理形态类型需要满足地块参数的优先级,以及建筑体量的生成方式不同。
(1)多层集中型:以建筑密度为优先满足值,通过建筑层数叠加至建筑总量达容积率上限实现;
(2)居住小区型:以容积率为优先满足值,达容积率上限的建筑体量在满足日照相关要求的生成规则下,全部布局于地块内,再进行建筑密度复核,不超过密度上限即可;
(3)居住混合型:分配该地块可以容纳的建筑总量的30%给集中体量商业,70%给居住建筑,参数满足优先级同“居住小区型”;
(4)商务办公型:以容积率为优先满足值,先生成首栋高度达控高上限的点式塔楼,余下容积率用于多层裙房,若还有富余再生成第二栋点式塔楼,最后进行建筑密度验核;
(5)中小学型:以布局符合中小学相应规范要求的操场为优先,然后布局符合建筑进深和间距要求教学楼,再布局风雨操场、食堂等的常规体量,最后进行容积率复核;
(6)工厂与仓储型:以建筑密度为优先满足值,几种尺度的建筑体量随机分布。
进一步的,步骤3中所述肌理形态影响参数包含城市干道L1、生活性街道L2、重要景观面L3;
根据以下规则进行体量调整,生成地块肌理体量V2;
1)读取城市干道L1,沿城市干道L1两侧分布的体量向L1靠拢至贴合建筑退让控制线;
2)读取生活性街道L2,L2两侧若遇到居住小区型地块肌理形态类型,则贴合建筑退让控制线生成沿街小商业裙房体量;
3)读取重要景观面L3,当距离L3最近的地块为居住小区型或者居住混合型时,则沿L3布局沿街小商业裙房体量;
当距离L3最近的地块为其他时,则沿L3布局景观敏感型小尺度体量,影响距离范围可由设计师设定。
进一步的,步骤4中若不满足地块参数时,则进行调整,然后输出体量V3;具体为:
判断容积率是否超过限值,若超过,则减少建筑层数,直至满足容积率上限要求;
判断建筑密度是否超过限值,若超过,则减少建筑占地面积,直至满足建筑密度上限要求。
有益效果:
(1)提高城市设计工作效率,可快速展现大面积片区的整体三维体量空间效果。适 合当代中国总体与片区尺度的城市设计中三维建筑体量快速生成,减少人力成本,极大提升工作效率。
(2)贴合城市设计实践方式与工作流程,设计师在关键环节的可设计与调节性较强。通过本发明提出的流程与技术方法,城市设计师可以根据设计意图叠加、删减或修改形态影响参数,亦可进行形态模块的多方式组合,可参与性强,生成形体可修改与优化,适合城市设计方案过程中的推敲与优化。
(3)实时数据统计与反馈,有助于设计师进行关键决策。可以实时获得该方案开发建设总量、各类建筑面积比例等统计数据,从而帮助城市设计师进行方案比选与决策判断。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法流程图;
图2是依据建筑退让控制线和地块控制高度生成可建设范围的三维盒子Vb示意图;
图3是基本形态模块与地块肌理形态类型的对应关系图;
图4是根据地块肌理形态类型生成三维建筑肌理形态体量图;
图5是根据肌理形态影响参数调整体量示意图。
具体实施方式
本算法实现了从用地指标到三维建筑形态体量的生成过程。算法以街区用地轮廓线、地块肌理形态类型、用地指标(建筑限制高度、建筑密度、容积率)、景观朝向、道路的功能属性等作为输入参数,生成街区内部的三维建筑形态体量组合。所输出的形态体量满足输入参数要求及城市设计中常用的形态控制引导要求,可有效反映城市设计意图。
本发明提出的城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,具体流程如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,生成体量可建设范围
读取建筑退让控制线、地块控制高度参数,生成开发地块内建筑可建设范围的三维盒子Vb,如图2所示。其中,建筑退让控制线由人工在AutoCAD中给出,再由电脑读取。
步骤2,计算机读取城市设计师给出的地块参数,所述地块参数包括地块肌理形态类型、容积率和建筑密度指标,在可建设范围的三维盒子Vb内进行建筑肌理形态填充,根据设计师赋予的地块肌理形态类型生成三维建筑肌理形态体量V1,如图4所示;每种地块肌理形态类型来源于一种基本形态模块或两种基本形态模块的组合;
所述地块肌理形态类型包括多层集中型、居住小区型、居住混合型、商务办公型、中小学型、滨水沿山周边型和工厂与仓储型;
其中,不同地块肌理形态类型需要满足地块参数的优先级,以及建筑体量的生成方式不同。
(1)多层集中型:以建筑密度为优先满足值,通过建筑层数叠加至建筑总量达容积率上限实现;
(2)居住小区型:以容积率为优先满足值,达容积率上限的建筑体量在满足日照相关要求的生成规则下,全部布局于地块内,再进行建筑密度复核,不超过密度上限即可;
(3)居住混合型:分配该地块可以容纳的建筑总量的30%给集中体量商业,70%给居住建筑,参数满足优先级同“居住小区型”;
(4)商务办公型:以容积率为优先满足值,先生成首栋高度达控高上限的点式塔楼,余下容积率用于多层裙房,若还有富余再生成第二栋点式塔楼,最后进行建筑密度验核;
(5)中小学型:以布局符合中小学相应规范要求的操场为优先,然后布局符合建筑进深和间距要求教学楼,再布局风雨操场、食堂等的常规体量,最后进行容积率复核;
(6)工厂与仓储型:以建筑密度为优先满足值,几种尺度的建筑体量随机分布。
所述基本形态模块包括:A.点式塔楼;B.板式居住体量;C.集中体量裙房;D.围合式裙房;E.沿街小商业体量;F.中小学体量;G.景观敏感型小尺度体量;H.大体量厂房。基本形态模块以独立的或组合的方式,形成地块肌理形态类型;
基本三维建筑肌理形态模与地块肌理形态类型的对应关系如图3所示,每种地块肌理形态类型来源于一种基本形态模块或两种基本形态模块的组合。
多层集中型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的集中体量裙房;
居住小区型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的板式居住体量和沿街小商业体量的组合;
商务办公型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的点式塔楼和围合式裙房的组合;
中小学型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的中小学体量;
滨水沿山周边型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的沿街小商业体量和景观敏感型小尺度体量的组合;
工厂与仓储型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的大体量厂房;
一般的方法往往依靠用地性质来定义建筑肌理形态类型,即一种用地性质对应唯一地块肌理形态类型。然而城市设计实际操作中,用地性质与地块肌理形态类型并非一一映射关系,不同的用地性质上可能发生相同的地块肌理形态类型,同一用地性质当区位条件发生变化时,根据不同的设计意图也会产生不同的地块肌理形态。因此,本发明通过设计师可以参与选择的基本形态模块组合的方式进行地块肌理形态布局,并可通过补充设计条件(如道路属性,是交通性道路还是生活性道路;哪个方向是景观面)来增加形态生成的限制条件,观察生成的形态是否符合要求,不符合则修改相关条件,,从而让设计师有更多的可参与性及可调节性。
板式居住体量与中小学这两种基本形态模块在布局时应先识别地块的朝向。若地块边线与正南北方向的夹角≤30度,则住宅建筑平行于地块边线布局;若地块边线与正南北方向的夹角>30度,那么住宅建筑应正南北向布局。若地块边线与正南北方向的夹角南偏东≤20度或南偏西≤10度,中小学室外田径场及足球、篮球、排球等各种球类场地的长轴平行于地块边线布局,其他情况下则应正南北向布局。
另外,当采用商务办公型或多层集中型地块肌理形态类型时,应先识别地块的边长大小,以判断是否需要进行地块的二次划分。当地块一条边长达到一定数值时,对地块沿该边长的垂直方向进行对半分割,分割后再进行肌理填充。
步骤3,根据肌理形态影响参数调整体量,形成地块肌理体量V2;
计算机读取城市设计师给出的肌理形态影响参数,肌理形态影响参数包含而不限于:a.城市干道L1;b.生活性街道L2;c.重要景观面L3。根据相应规则进行体量调整,生成地块肌理体量V2。
具体生成规则如图5所示:
1)读取城市干道L1,沿城市干道L1两侧分布的体量向L1靠拢至贴合建筑退让控制线;
2)读取生活性街道L2,L2两侧若遇到居住小区型地块肌理形态类型,则贴合建筑退让控制线生成沿街小商业裙房体量;
3)读取重要景观面L3,当距离L3最近的地块为居住小区型或者居住混合型时,则沿L3布局沿街小商业裙房体量;
当距离L3最近的地块为其他时,则沿L3布局景观敏感型小尺度体量,影响距离范围可由设计师设定。
步骤4,体量优化与指标验核,调整完成后输出体量V3。
在地块肌理体量V2基础上,可进行适当人工形态优化调整,若已满足设计要求也可以不进行调整。然后进行体量是否满足地块参数要求的验核,例如容积率是否超过指标上限,建筑密度是否在允许范围内等,如容积率超过限值,则减少建筑层数,直至满足容积率上限要求。如建筑密度超过限值,则减少建筑占地面积,直至满足建筑密度上限要求。调整完成后输出体量V3。
步骤5,建设量统计。
计算V3所有体量的总建筑面积,地段的平均容积率,并分类计算各类用地性质的总建筑面积及其所占建筑总量的百分比。

Claims (6)

  1. 城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    步骤1,生成体量可建设范围;
    读取建筑退让控制线和地块控制高度参数,生成开发地块内建筑可建设范围的三维盒子Vb;
    步骤2,读取地块参数,所述地块参数包括城市地块肌理形态类型、容积率和建筑密度指标,在可建设范围的三维盒子Vb内进行建筑肌理形态填充,根据地块肌理形态类型生成三维建筑肌理形态体量V1;
    步骤3,根据肌理形态影响参数调整体量,形成地块肌理体量V2;
    步骤4,在地块肌理体量V2的基础上进行形态优化调整,然后再进行地块参数验核;
    若不满足地块参数时,则进行调整,然后输出体量V3;
    否则直接输出形态优化调整后的体量做为输出体量V3;
    步骤5,对建设量进行统计。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,其特征在于,步骤2中所述地块肌理形态类型包括多层集中型、居住小区型、居住混合型、商务办公型、中小学型、滨水沿山周边型和工厂与仓储型;
    每种地块肌理形态类型来源于一种基本形态模块或两种基本形态模块的组合;
    所述基本形态模块包括点式塔楼、板式居住体量、集中体量裙房、围合式裙房、沿街小商业体量、中小学体量、景观敏感型小尺度体量、大体量厂房。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,其特征在于,多层集中型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的集中体量裙房;
    居住小区型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的板式居住体量和沿街小商业体量的组合;
    商务办公型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的点式塔楼和围合式裙房的组合;
    中小学型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的中小学体量;
    滨水沿山周边型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的沿街小商业体量和景观敏感型小尺度体量的组合;
    工厂与仓储型来源于基本三维建筑肌理形态模块中的大体量厂房。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,其特征在于,步骤2中不同地块肌理形态类型需要满足地块参数的优先级,以及建筑体量的生成方式不同;
    (1)多层集中型:以建筑密度为优先满足值,通过建筑层数叠加至建筑总量达容积率上限实现;
    (2)居住小区型:以容积率为优先满足值,达容积率上限的建筑体量在满足日照相关要求的生成规则下,全部布局于地块内,再进行建筑密度复核,不超过密度上限即可;
    (3)居住混合型:分配该地块可以容纳的建筑总量的30%给集中体量商业,70%给居住建筑,参数满足优先级同“居住小区型”;
    (4)商务办公型:以容积率为优先满足值,先生成首栋高度达控高上限的点式塔楼,余下容积率用于多层裙房,若还有富余再生成第二栋点式塔楼,最后进行建筑密度验核;
    (5)中小学型:以布局符合中小学相应规范要求的操场为优先,然后布局符合建筑进深 和间距要求教学楼,再布局风雨操场、食堂等的常规体量,最后进行容积率复核;
    (6)工厂与仓储型:以建筑密度为优先满足值,几种尺度的建筑体量随机分布。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述肌理形态影响参数包含城市干道L1、生活性街道L2、重要景观面L3;
    根据以下规则进行体量调整,生成地块肌理体量V2;
    1)读取城市干道L1,沿城市干道L1两侧分布的体量向L1靠拢至贴合建筑退让控制线;
    2)读取生活性街道L2,L2两侧若遇到居住小区型地块肌理形态类型,则贴合建筑退让控制线生成沿街小商业裙房体量;
    3)读取重要景观面L3,当距离L3最近的地块为居住小区型或者居住混合型时,则沿L3布局沿街小商业裙房体量;
    当距离L3最近的地块为其他时,则沿L3布局景观敏感型小尺度体量,影响距离范围可由设计师设定。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法,其特征在于,步骤4中若不满足地块参数时,则进行调整,然后输出体量V3;
    具体为:
    判断容积率是否超过限值,若超过,则减少建筑层数,直至满足容积率上限要求;
    判断建筑密度是否超过限值,若超过,则减少建筑占地面积,直至满足建筑密度上限要求。
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CN115292789A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-11-04 东南大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 城市设计中基于形态类型的建筑体量数字化生成方法

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