WO2024028947A1 - Power supply device for railroad vehicle - Google Patents

Power supply device for railroad vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024028947A1
WO2024028947A1 PCT/JP2022/029502 JP2022029502W WO2024028947A1 WO 2024028947 A1 WO2024028947 A1 WO 2024028947A1 JP 2022029502 W JP2022029502 W JP 2022029502W WO 2024028947 A1 WO2024028947 A1 WO 2024028947A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
transformer
power supply
power
supply device
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Application number
PCT/JP2022/029502
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
英紀 鈴木
大樹 川本
Original Assignee
三菱電機株式会社
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Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2022/029502 priority Critical patent/WO2024028947A1/en
Publication of WO2024028947A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024028947A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/53—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells in combination with an external power supply, e.g. from overhead contact lines

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a power supply device for a railway vehicle mounted on a railway vehicle equipped with a storage battery.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that DC power supplied from a DC overhead line is converted to AC power by an inverter, insulated by an LC filter consisting of a reactor and a capacitor, and a commercial insulation transformer, and then used for supplementary purposes such as air conditioning equipment, display devices, etc.
  • a power supply device for a railway vehicle that converts 50/60 [Hz] three-phase AC power or single-phase AC power required for a railway vehicle is disclosed.
  • auxiliary equipment is a name used to refer to equipment other than the propulsion motor among equipment mounted on a railway vehicle and supplied with electric power.
  • a power supply device that drives a propulsion motor is called a "main converter” or the like, and is provided separately from a power supply device that supplies power to auxiliary machines.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present disclosure is to obtain a power supply device for a railway vehicle that can use the power of a storage battery that supplies power to auxiliary equipment as power for emergency running. shall be.
  • a power supply device for a railway vehicle is mounted on a railway vehicle equipped with a storage battery, and includes a transformer that insulates a primary side and a secondary side.
  • a power supply device for a railway vehicle includes a chopper circuit placed on the primary side of a transformer, a first inverter placed between the chopper circuit and the transformer, and a resonance capacitor that connects the first inverter and the transformer.
  • the transformer includes a resonant circuit disposed between the transformer and the DC load, and a second inverter disposed between the transformer and the DC load.
  • the chopper circuit performs a step-down operation when power is supplied from the overhead wire side, and performs a step-up operation when power is supplied from the storage battery side.
  • the first inverter converts the DC voltage applied from the chopper circuit into AC voltage and applies it to the primary side of the transformer, and converts the AC voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer into DC voltage and applies it to the chopper circuit. do.
  • the resonant circuit performs a series resonant operation using a capacitance component and an inductance component of a resonant capacitor.
  • the second inverter converts the AC voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer into a DC voltage and applies it to a DC load and a storage battery connected in parallel to the DC load, and converts the DC voltage applied from the storage battery into an AC voltage. Convert it to voltage and apply it to the secondary side of the transformer.
  • a power supply device for a railway vehicle is configured to be able to supply power to auxiliary equipment using power from the overhead wires during normal running, and to use power from a storage battery to power the auxiliary equipment and the railway vehicle during emergency running. It is configured to be able to supply power to the main motor.
  • the power supply device for a railway vehicle it is possible to utilize the power of the storage battery that supplies power to the auxiliary equipment as power for emergency running.
  • a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 1 of the embodiment A diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 2 of the embodiment
  • a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 3 of the embodiment A diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 4 of the embodiment
  • a power supply device for a railway vehicle (hereinafter appropriately abbreviated as “power supply device") according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • connection includes both cases where components are directly connected to each other and cases where components are indirectly connected through other components. I'm here.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a railway vehicle system 100 including a power supply device 5 according to an embodiment.
  • the railway vehicle system 100 includes a current collector 2 , a power converter 3 , a main motor 4 , a power supply device 5 , a DC load 6 , and a storage battery 9 . These components are mounted on the railway vehicle 110.
  • the main electric motor 4 is a propulsion motor that provides propulsion to the railway vehicle 110.
  • the current collector 2 collects DC power from the overhead wire 1.
  • the current collector 2 supplies the collected DC power to the power converter 3.
  • the power conversion device 3 converts the DC power supplied from the current collector 2 into AC power to be supplied to the main motor 4 .
  • a VVVF inverter is used that converts an applied DC voltage into an AC voltage of variable voltage and variable frequency.
  • the current collector 2 supplies the collected DC power to the power supply device 5.
  • the power supply device 5 converts the DC power supplied from the current collector 2 into DC power to be supplied to the DC load 6 .
  • the DC load 6 includes an auxiliary machine 8.
  • the auxiliary machine 8 is a load other than the propulsion motor among the loads mounted on the railway vehicle 110.
  • the auxiliary equipment 8 are an in-vehicle lighting device, a door opening/closing device, an air conditioner, a security device, a compressor, a storage battery, and a control power source.
  • the storage battery 9 is a large-capacity power storage device, and is shown separately from the auxiliary device 8 in FIG.
  • the in-vehicle lighting system, door opening/closing system, air conditioner, security equipment, compressor, etc. are loads that operate by receiving alternating current power, and the power supply to these loads is provided by three unillustrated systems. This is done via a phase inverter.
  • small-capacity storage batteries, control power supplies, etc. are loads that receive DC power, and power is supplied to these loads by a charger or a DC (Direct Current)/DC converter (not shown). etc.
  • the power supply device 5 is configured to be able to supply power to the auxiliary equipment 8 using power from the overhead wire 1 during normal driving, and to supply power to the auxiliary equipment 8 using power from the storage battery 9 during emergency driving. and is configured to be able to supply power to the main motor 4. Healthy running means running when power is being supplied from the overhead wire 1, and emergency running means running when power is not being supplied from the overhead wire 1 due to, for example, a power outage.
  • the power supply device 5 may be performed when the power conversion device 3, which is the main conversion device, breaks down. In this case, in the emergency running, the railroad vehicle 110 that has made an emergency stop can be moved to a location where it does not interfere with the operation of other railroad vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overhead wire as the overhead wire 1 and a pantograph-shaped current collector as the current collector 2, the present invention is not limited to these.
  • the overhead wire 1 may be a third rail used in a subway or the like, and accordingly, the current collector 2 may be a current collector for the third rail.
  • FIG. 1 shows a case where the overhead wire 1 is a DC overhead wire, the overhead wire 1 may be an AC overhead wire.
  • a main transformer for stepping down the received AC voltage is provided downstream of the current collector 2, and an AC voltage outputted from the main transformer is installed downstream of the main transformer.
  • a converter is provided to convert the alternating current voltage to a direct current voltage.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply main circuit 20, which is a main circuit of the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment. Components that are the same as those in FIG. 1 are designated with the same reference numerals.
  • the power supply main circuit 20 includes a chopper circuit 21, a capacitor C1, a resonant DC/DC converter 22, and a control section 30.
  • the resonant DC/DC converter 22 includes a first inverter 24 , a resonant circuit 25 , a transformer 28 , and a second inverter 26 .
  • the transformer 28 is an isolation transformer having a primary winding 28a and a secondary winding 28b that are magnetically coupled to each other.
  • the side connected to the primary winding 28a is referred to as the "primary side”
  • the side connected to the secondary winding 28b is referred to as the "secondary side”.
  • the chopper circuit 21 is arranged on the primary side of the transformer 28.
  • the chopper circuit 21 includes a first reactor L1, a first switching element Q11, and a second switching element Q12.
  • the first inverter 24 is arranged between the chopper circuit 21 and the transformer 28 on the primary side of the transformer 28.
  • the first inverter 24 includes four third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 connected in a bridge manner.
  • the connection point between the third switching element Q21 and the fifth switching element Q23 is drawn out to form the first DC terminal 24a, and the connection point between the fourth switching element Q22 and the sixth switching element Q24 is drawn out to the outside and constitutes a second DC terminal 24b.
  • one end of the first reactor L1 is connected to the first DC terminal 24a of the first inverter 24.
  • One end of the first switching element Q11 is connected to the other end of the first reactor L1, and the other end is connected to the overhead wire 1 side.
  • the second switching element Q12 has one end connected to the other end of the first reactor L1, and the other end connected to the second DC terminal 24b of the first inverter.
  • the capacitor C1 has its positive side connected to the first DC terminal 24a, and its negative side connected to the second DC terminal 24b.
  • the capacitor C1 connected in this manner is provided to smooth the DC voltage output from the chopper circuit 21 and the DC voltage output from the first inverter 24.
  • the resonant circuit 25 is arranged between the first inverter 24 and the transformer 28.
  • the resonant circuit 25 includes a resonant capacitor C2 and a second reactor L2.
  • the resonant circuit 25 performs series resonant operation with the capacitance component of the resonant capacitor C2 and the inductance component of the second reactor L2. That is, the second reactor L2 acts as an inductance component in the resonance circuit 25.
  • the leakage inductance of the transformer 28 may be used instead of the second reactor L2. In this case, the second reactor L2 can be omitted.
  • the second inverter 26 is arranged between the transformer 28 and the DC load 6 on the secondary side of the transformer 28.
  • the second inverter 26 includes four seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 connected in a bridge manner.
  • Examples of the first and second switching elements Q11, Q12, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24, and the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 are MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field -Effect Transistor), but it may also be an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or a transistor element other than IGBT.
  • MOSFETs Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field -Effect Transistor
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • the first and second switching elements Q11 and Q12, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24, and the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 each have diodes connected in antiparallel.
  • Anti-parallel means that the first terminal corresponding to the drain of the MOSFET is connected to the cathode of the diode, and the second terminal corresponding to the source of the MOSFET is connected to the anode of the diode.
  • first and second switching elements Q11, Q12, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24, and the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 are generally made of silicon (Si). ), but other materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ), diamond, etc. It may also be formed using a wide bandgap semiconductor. If each switching element is formed of a wide bandgap semiconductor material, it is possible to achieve low loss and high-speed switching.
  • the control unit 30 generates a switching signal G11 for controlling the first and second switching elements Q11 and Q12 of the chopper circuit 21 based on a detection signal from a sensor (not shown), and outputs it to the chopper circuit 21.
  • the control unit 30 also generates a switching signal G12 for controlling the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 of the first inverter 24 based on a detection signal from a sensor (not shown), and generates a switching signal G12 for controlling the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 of the first inverter 24.
  • the control unit 30 generates a switching signal G13 for controlling the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 of the second inverter 26 based on a detection signal from a sensor (not shown). Output to the inverter 26.
  • the power supply device 5 is mounted on a railway vehicle 110 equipped with a storage battery 9, has a primary winding 28a and a secondary winding 28b that are magnetically coupled to each other, and has a primary winding and a secondary winding.
  • This is a power supply device for a railway vehicle equipped with a transformer 28 that insulates the
  • the chopper circuit 21 performs a step-down operation or a through-operation when power is supplied from the overhead wire 1, and performs a step-up operation when power is supplied from the storage battery 9. That is, the chopper circuit 21 performs a step-down operation or a through-operation during normal driving, and performs a step-up operation during emergency driving.
  • the through operation is an operation when the second switching element Q12 is always off, and the voltage of the overhead line 1 is not stepped down but is applied to the capacitor C1 via the first switching element Q11 and the first reactor L1. be done.
  • the antiparallel-connected diodes ensure a current flow path, so the second switching element Q12 does not need to be turned on.
  • synchronous rectification may be performed in which the second switching element Q12 is turned on at the timing when a current flows through the diodes connected in antiparallel. Since the voltage drop due to the on-resistance of the transistor is smaller than the forward voltage drop of the diode, loss in the chopper circuit 21 can be reduced by performing synchronous rectification.
  • the capacitor C1 smoothes and holds the DC voltage output from the chopper circuit 21. Further, the capacitor C1 smoothes and holds the DC voltage output from the first inverter 24.
  • the first inverter 24 converts the DC voltage applied from the chopper circuit 21 into an AC voltage and applies it to the primary side of the transformer 28, and converts the AC voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer 28 into a DC voltage.
  • the voltage is applied to the chopper circuit 21.
  • the first inverter 24 operates as an inverter circuit during healthy running, and operates as a rectifier circuit during emergency running.
  • the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 provided in the first inverter 24 operate so that the conduction rate of each becomes 50%.
  • the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 are two switching elements located diagonally to each other, that is, a set of the third and sixth switching elements Q21 and Q24, and a set of the fourth and sixth switching elements Q21 and Q24.
  • the set of fifth switching elements Q22 and Q23 are turned on or off at the same time. Note that during switching control, due to variations in circuit operation, the switching elements of the set of third and fourth switching elements Q21 and Q22 and the set of fifth and sixth switching elements Q23 and Q24 connected in series may Needless to say, a dead time is provided to prevent them from being turned on at the same time.
  • the conductivity rate of 50% described here means the conductivity rate before dead time is provided.
  • a series resonance operation is performed between the capacitance component of the resonance capacitor C2 and the inductance component of the second reactor L2. Due to this series resonance operation, a resonance current flows through the resonance circuit 25.
  • the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 are controlled so that the conduction rate of each is 50%, so that the ON operation of the set of third and sixth switching elements Q21 and Q24 and the fourth The ON operation of the fifth switching elements Q22 and Q23 can be switched using the zero point where the resonance current becomes zero.
  • This operation is an example of a soft switching method and is called "zero current switching.” Thereby, switching losses in the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 can be reduced, so that the operation loss of the first inverter 24 can be reduced.
  • the power flow in the first inverter 24 is from the resonant circuit 25 to the chopper circuit 21, and the diodes connected in antiparallel ensure a current flow path.
  • the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 do not have to be turned on.
  • synchronous rectification may be performed in which a corresponding switching element is turned on at the timing when a current flows through diodes connected in antiparallel. By performing synchronous rectification, loss in the first inverter 24 can be reduced.
  • the voltage applied to the capacitor C1 via the first inverter 24 is controlled by adjusting the boost rate of the chopper circuit 21.
  • the conductivity of the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 can be maintained at 50%. This makes it possible to reduce switching loss in the first inverter 24 even when adjusting the voltage of the capacitor C1 to a desired voltage.
  • the second inverter 26 converts the AC voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer 28 into a DC voltage, applies it to the DC load 6 and the storage battery 9 connected in parallel to the DC load 6, and applies the voltage from the storage battery 9 to the DC load 6 and the storage battery 9 connected in parallel to the DC load 6.
  • the DC voltage generated is converted into an AC voltage and applied to the secondary side of the transformer 28.
  • the second inverter 26 operates as a rectifier circuit during healthy running, and operates as an inverter circuit during emergency running.
  • the power supply device 5 is configured to be able to supply power to the auxiliary equipment 8 using the power from the overhead wire 1 during healthy driving, and to supply power from the storage battery 9 during emergency driving. It is configured such that it can be used to supply power to the auxiliary machine 8 and the main motor 4 mounted on the railway vehicle 110. Thereby, the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment can use the power of the storage battery 9 that supplies power to the auxiliary equipment 8 as power for emergency driving.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration for realizing the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment.
  • the configuration may include an interface 304 that performs.
  • the processor 300 is an example of a calculation means.
  • the processor 300 may be a calculation means called a microprocessor, microcomputer, microcontroller, CPU (Central Processing Unit), or DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
  • the memory 302 also includes nonvolatile or volatile semiconductor memories such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), and EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically EPROM); Examples include a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, and a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).
  • the memory 302 stores a program that executes the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment.
  • the processor 300 can perform the above-described processing by exchanging necessary information via the interface 304 and executing a program stored in the memory 302.
  • the results of calculations by processor 300 can be stored in memory 302.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another example of the hardware configuration for realizing the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment.
  • the processor 300 and memory 302 shown in FIG. 3 are replaced with a processing circuit 303.
  • the processing circuit 303 is a single circuit, a composite circuit, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof. Information input to the processing circuit 303 and information output from the processing circuit 303 can be exchanged via the interface 304.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5A according to modification example 1 of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 the configuration in which the power supply device 5 has one power supply main circuit 20 has been described, but in the power supply device 5A shown in FIG. 5, two power supply main circuits 20 are connected in parallel to the overhead wire 1 and the DC load 6. ing.
  • FIG. 5 is an example, and three or more power supply main circuits 20 may be connected in parallel.
  • interleaving operation is applied to the two power supply main circuits 20.
  • the interleave operation is performed by shifting the phases from each other within one cycle of processing. For example, when the number of main power supply circuits 20 is two, the power supply main circuits 20 are operated with a phase shift of 180 degrees, and when the number of power supply main circuits 20 is four, they are operated with a phase shift of 90 degrees.
  • the main power supply circuit 20 is operated in an interleaved manner, the voltage ripple in the circuit can be reduced, so that the capacitance of the capacitor C1 can be reduced.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5B according to a second modification of the embodiment.
  • the chopper circuit 21, the first inverter 24, the resonance circuit 25, the transformer 28, and the second inverter 26 in the power supply main circuit 20 are all arranged in parallel, but as shown in FIG. Only two inverters 26 may be arranged in parallel. Even with this configuration, interleaving operation is possible, and the same effect as the power supply device 5A according to the first modification can be obtained.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5C according to modification 3 of the embodiment.
  • the second inverter 26 is arranged in parallel, but as shown in FIG. may be configured in parallel. Even with this configuration, interleaving operation is possible, and effects equivalent to those of the power supply device 5A according to the first modification and the power supply device 5B according to the second modification can be obtained.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5D according to a fourth modification of the embodiment.
  • the chopper circuit 21, the first inverter 24, and the resonance circuit 25 are arranged in parallel, but as shown in FIG. 8, only the chopper circuit 21 may be arranged in parallel. Even with this configuration, interleaving operation is possible, and the same effect as the power supply device 5A according to modification example 1, the power supply device 5B according to modification example 2, and the power supply device 5C according to modification example 3 can be obtained. .
  • the power supply device for a railway vehicle is mounted on a railway vehicle equipped with a storage battery, and includes a transformer that insulates the primary side and the secondary side.
  • the power supply device includes a chopper circuit placed on the primary side of the transformer, a first inverter placed between the chopper circuit and the transformer, and a resonant capacitor placed between the first inverter and the transformer. and a second inverter placed between the transformer and the DC load.
  • the chopper circuit performs a step-down operation when power is supplied from the overhead wire side, and performs a step-up operation when power is supplied from the storage battery side.
  • the first inverter converts the DC voltage applied from the chopper circuit into AC voltage and applies it to the primary side of the transformer, and converts the AC voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer into DC voltage and applies it to the chopper circuit. do.
  • the resonant circuit performs a series resonant operation using a capacitance component and an inductance component of a resonant capacitor.
  • the second inverter converts the AC voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer into a DC voltage and applies it to a DC load and a storage battery connected in parallel to the DC load, and converts the DC voltage applied from the storage battery into an AC voltage. Convert it to voltage and apply it to the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the power supply device for railway vehicles is configured to be able to supply power to auxiliary equipment using power from overhead wires during normal running, and to use power from storage batteries to power auxiliary equipment during emergency running. and is configured to be able to supply power to the main electric motor mounted on the railway vehicle. This makes it possible to obtain a power supply device for a railway vehicle that can utilize the power of the storage battery that supplies power to the auxiliary equipment as power for emergency running.
  • the chopper circuit includes a first reactor having one end connected to the first DC terminal of the first inverter, one end connected to the other end of the first reactor, and the other end connected to the overhead wire. a first switching element connected to the side, and a second switching element whose one end is connected to the other end of the first reactor and whose other end is connected to the second DC terminal of the first inverter.
  • the second switching element can be configured to include diodes connected in antiparallel.
  • the second switching element may perform a synchronous rectification operation in which it is turned on at the timing when a current flows through the antiparallel-connected diodes. In this way, loss in the chopper circuit can be reduced.
  • the third to sixth switching elements provided in the first inverter operate so that each conduction rate becomes 50%, and the two switching elements located diagonally to each other The elements can be operated to turn on or off simultaneously. With this operation, switching losses in the third to sixth switching elements can be reduced, and the loss in the operation of the first inverter can be reduced.
  • a capacitor for smoothing the DC voltage output from the chopper circuit or the DC voltage output from the first inverter may be provided between the chopper circuit and the first inverter. I can do it.
  • the voltage applied to the capacitor via the first inverter is controlled by adjusting the boost rate of the chopper circuit. In this way, even when adjusting the voltage of the capacitor C1 to a desired voltage, the conductivity of the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 can be maintained at 50%, so that the first inverter 24 can be reduced.
  • the configuration shown in the above embodiments is an example, and it is possible to combine it with another known technology, and a part of the configuration can be omitted or changed without departing from the gist. It is possible.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

This power supply device (5) for a railroad vehicle is mounted onto a railroad vehicle (110) comprising a storage battery (9) and comprises a chopper circuit (21) disposed on the primary side of a transformer (28), a first inverter (24) disposed between the chopper circuit (21) and the transformer (28), a resonance circuit (25) disposed between the first inverter (24) and the transformer (28), and a second inverter (26) disposed between the transformer (28) and a direct current load (6). The chopper circuit (21) performs a step-down operation during a sound travel and performs a step-up operation during an emergency travel. The first inverter (24) converts a direct current voltage applied by the chopper circuit (21) into an alternating current voltage, and converts an alternating current voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer (28) into a direct current voltage. The second inverter (26) converts an alternating current voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer (28) into a direct current voltage, and converts a direct current voltage applied by the storage battery (9) into an alternating current voltage.

Description

鉄道車両用の電源装置Power supply equipment for railway vehicles
　本開示は、蓄電池を備える鉄道車両に搭載される鉄道車両用の電源装置に関する。 The present disclosure relates to a power supply device for a railway vehicle mounted on a railway vehicle equipped with a storage battery.
　下記特許文献１には、直流架線から供給される直流電力をインバータによって交流電力に変換し、リアクトル及びコンデンサからなるＬＣフィルタと商用の絶縁トランスとによって絶縁した後、冷暖房装置、表示装置などの補機に必要とされる５０／６０［Ｈｚ］の三相交流電力又は単相交流電力に変換する鉄道車両用の電源装置が開示されている。なお、補機とは、鉄道車両に搭載されて電力が供給される機器のうち、推進モータ以外の機器を指して呼ぶ名称である。また、鉄道車両においては、推進モータを駆動する電源装置は「主変換装置」などと呼ばれ、補機への電力供給を行う電源装置とは、別に設けられている。 Patent Document 1 below discloses that DC power supplied from a DC overhead line is converted to AC power by an inverter, insulated by an LC filter consisting of a reactor and a capacitor, and a commercial insulation transformer, and then used for supplementary purposes such as air conditioning equipment, display devices, etc. A power supply device for a railway vehicle that converts 50/60 [Hz] three-phase AC power or single-phase AC power required for a railway vehicle is disclosed. Note that auxiliary equipment is a name used to refer to equipment other than the propulsion motor among equipment mounted on a railway vehicle and supplied with electric power. Furthermore, in a railway vehicle, a power supply device that drives a propulsion motor is called a "main converter" or the like, and is provided separately from a power supply device that supplies power to auxiliary machines.
　また、最近の技術動向として、蓄電池を搭載し、架線停電などの非常時においては、蓄電池の電力を利用して補機への電力供給を継続できるように構成された鉄道車両システムが存在する。 In addition, as a recent technological trend, there are railway vehicle systems that are equipped with storage batteries and are configured so that in emergencies such as overhead line power outages, the power from the storage batteries can be used to continue supplying power to auxiliary equipment.
特開２０１７－３８４２４号公報JP2017-38424A
　非常時に補機への電力供給を行う蓄電池の電力を、非常走行用の電力として利用したいというニーズも存在する。しかしながら、補機への電力供給を行う電源装置における電力の流れは、上記特許文献１の電源装置もそうであるように、架線から補機へ向かう一方向性であり、このニーズに応えることができない。 There is also a need to use the power from a storage battery that supplies power to auxiliary equipment in an emergency as power for emergency driving. However, the power flow in the power supply device that supplies power to the auxiliary equipment is unidirectional from the overhead wire to the auxiliary equipment, as is the case with the power supply device of Patent Document 1, and this need cannot be met. Can not.
　本開示は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、補機への電力供給を行う蓄電池の電力を、非常走行用の電力として利用することができる鉄道車両用の電源装置を得ることを目的とする。 The present disclosure has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present disclosure is to obtain a power supply device for a railway vehicle that can use the power of a storage battery that supplies power to auxiliary equipment as power for emergency running. shall be.
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するため、本開示に係る鉄道車両用の電源装置は、蓄電池を備える鉄道車両に搭載され、一次側と二次側とを絶縁するトランスを備える。鉄道車両用の電源装置は、トランスの一次側に配置されるチョッパ回路と、チョッパ回路とトランスとの間に配置される第１のインバータと、共振コンデンサを有して第１のインバータとトランスとの間に配置される共振回路と、トランスと直流負荷との間に配置される第２のインバータとを備える。チョッパ回路は、架線側から電力が供給されるときには降圧動作し、蓄電池側から電力が供給されるときには昇圧動作する。第１のインバータは、チョッパ回路から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換してトランスの一次側に印加し、トランスの一次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換してチョッパ回路に印加する。共振回路は、共振コンデンサのキャパシタンス成分と、インダクタンス成分とで直列共振動作を行う。第２のインバータは、トランスの二次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換して直流負荷、及び直流負荷に並列に接続される蓄電池に印加し、蓄電池から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換してトランスの二次側に印加する。鉄道車両用の電源装置は、健全走行時には架線からの電力を使用して補機への電力供給が可能に構成され、非常走行時には蓄電池からの電力を使用して補機及び鉄道車両に搭載される主電動機への電力供給が可能に構成される。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the objectives, a power supply device for a railway vehicle according to the present disclosure is mounted on a railway vehicle equipped with a storage battery, and includes a transformer that insulates a primary side and a secondary side. A power supply device for a railway vehicle includes a chopper circuit placed on the primary side of a transformer, a first inverter placed between the chopper circuit and the transformer, and a resonance capacitor that connects the first inverter and the transformer. The transformer includes a resonant circuit disposed between the transformer and the DC load, and a second inverter disposed between the transformer and the DC load. The chopper circuit performs a step-down operation when power is supplied from the overhead wire side, and performs a step-up operation when power is supplied from the storage battery side. The first inverter converts the DC voltage applied from the chopper circuit into AC voltage and applies it to the primary side of the transformer, and converts the AC voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer into DC voltage and applies it to the chopper circuit. do. The resonant circuit performs a series resonant operation using a capacitance component and an inductance component of a resonant capacitor. The second inverter converts the AC voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer into a DC voltage and applies it to a DC load and a storage battery connected in parallel to the DC load, and converts the DC voltage applied from the storage battery into an AC voltage. Convert it to voltage and apply it to the secondary side of the transformer. A power supply device for a railway vehicle is configured to be able to supply power to auxiliary equipment using power from the overhead wires during normal running, and to use power from a storage battery to power the auxiliary equipment and the railway vehicle during emergency running. It is configured to be able to supply power to the main motor.
　本開示に係る鉄道車両用の電源装置によれば、補機への電力供給を行う蓄電池の電力を、非常走行用の電力として利用することができるという効果を奏する。 According to the power supply device for a railway vehicle according to the present disclosure, it is possible to utilize the power of the storage battery that supplies power to the auxiliary equipment as power for emergency running.
実施の形態に係る電源装置を含む鉄道車両システムの構成例を示す図A diagram showing a configuration example of a railway vehicle system including a power supply device according to an embodiment. 実施の形態に係る電源装置の主回路である電源主回路の構成例を示す図A diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply main circuit that is a main circuit of a power supply device according to an embodiment. 実施の形態における制御部の機能を実現するためのハードウェア構成の一例を示すブロック図A block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration for realizing the functions of a control unit in an embodiment. 実施の形態における制御部の機能を実現するためのハードウェア構成の他の例を示すブロック図A block diagram showing another example of the hardware configuration for realizing the functions of the control unit in the embodiment. 実施の形態の変形例１に係る電源装置の構成を示す図A diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 1 of the embodiment 実施の形態の変形例２に係る電源装置の構成を示す図A diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 2 of the embodiment 実施の形態の変形例３に係る電源装置の構成を示す図A diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 3 of the embodiment 実施の形態の変形例４に係る電源装置の構成を示す図A diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device according to modification 4 of the embodiment
　以下に添付図面を参照し、本開示の実施の形態に係る鉄道車両用の電源装置（以下、適宜「電源装置」と略す）について詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明において、「接続」という文言は、構成要素同士が直接的に接続される場合と、構成要素同士が他の構成要素を介して間接的に接続される場合との双方を含んでいる。 A power supply device for a railway vehicle (hereinafter appropriately abbreviated as "power supply device") according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following explanation, the word "connection" includes both cases where components are directly connected to each other and cases where components are indirectly connected through other components. I'm here.
実施の形態．
　図１は、実施の形態に係る電源装置５を含む鉄道車両システム１００の構成例を示す図である。実施の形態に係る鉄道車両システム１００は、集電装置２と、電力変換装置３と、主電動機４と、電源装置５と、直流負荷６と、蓄電池９とを備える。これらの構成部は、鉄道車両１１０に搭載される。主電動機４は、鉄道車両１１０に推進力を与える推進モータである。 Embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a railway vehicle system 100 including a power supply device 5 according to an embodiment. The railway vehicle system 100 according to the embodiment includes a current collector 2 , a power converter 3 , a main motor 4 , a power supply device 5 , a DC load 6 , and a storage battery 9 . These components are mounted on the railway vehicle 110. The main electric motor 4 is a propulsion motor that provides propulsion to the railway vehicle 110.
　集電装置２は、架線１からの直流電力を集電する。集電装置２は、集電した直流電力を電力変換装置３に供給する。電力変換装置３は、集電装置２から供給される直流電力を主電動機４への交流電力に変換する。電力変換装置３としては、印加される直流電圧を可変電圧（Variable　Voltage）及び可変周波数（Variable　Frequency）の交流電圧に変換するＶＶＶＦインバータが用いられる。 The current collector 2 collects DC power from the overhead wire 1. The current collector 2 supplies the collected DC power to the power converter 3. The power conversion device 3 converts the DC power supplied from the current collector 2 into AC power to be supplied to the main motor 4 . As the power converter 3, a VVVF inverter is used that converts an applied DC voltage into an AC voltage of variable voltage and variable frequency.
　また、集電装置２は、集電した直流電力を電源装置５に供給する。電源装置５は、集電装置２から供給される直流電力を直流負荷６への直流電力に変換する。直流負荷６は、補機８を備える。 Further, the current collector 2 supplies the collected DC power to the power supply device 5. The power supply device 5 converts the DC power supplied from the current collector 2 into DC power to be supplied to the DC load 6 . The DC load 6 includes an auxiliary machine 8.
　前述したように、補機８は、鉄道車両１１０に搭載される負荷のうち、推進モータ以外の負荷である。補機８の例は、車内照明装置、ドア開閉装置、空調装置、保安機器、コンプレッサ、蓄電池、制御電源である。蓄電池９は、大容量の蓄電装置であり、図１では、補機８とは別に示している。補機８のうち、車内照明装置、ドア開閉装置、空調装置、保安機器、コンプレッサなどは、交流電力の供給を受けて動作する負荷であり、これらの負荷への電力供給は、不図示の三相インバータを介して行われる。また、補機８のうち、小容量の蓄電池、制御電源などは直流電力の供給を受ける負荷であり、これらの負荷への電力供給は、不図示の充電器又はＤＣ（Direct　Current）／ＤＣコンバータなどを介して行われる。 As described above, the auxiliary machine 8 is a load other than the propulsion motor among the loads mounted on the railway vehicle 110. Examples of the auxiliary equipment 8 are an in-vehicle lighting device, a door opening/closing device, an air conditioner, a security device, a compressor, a storage battery, and a control power source. The storage battery 9 is a large-capacity power storage device, and is shown separately from the auxiliary device 8 in FIG. Among the auxiliary equipment 8, the in-vehicle lighting system, door opening/closing system, air conditioner, security equipment, compressor, etc. are loads that operate by receiving alternating current power, and the power supply to these loads is provided by three unillustrated systems. This is done via a phase inverter. In addition, among the auxiliary equipment 8, small-capacity storage batteries, control power supplies, etc. are loads that receive DC power, and power is supplied to these loads by a charger or a DC (Direct Current)/DC converter (not shown). etc.
　実施の形態に係る電源装置５は、健全走行時には架線１からの電力を使用して補機８への電力供給が可能に構成され、非常走行時には蓄電池９からの電力を使用して補機８及び主電動機４への電力供給が可能に構成される。健全走行とは、架線１からの電力が供給されているときの走行を意味し、非常走行とは、例えば停電等により、架線１からの電力が供給されないときの走行を意味している。 The power supply device 5 according to the embodiment is configured to be able to supply power to the auxiliary equipment 8 using power from the overhead wire 1 during normal driving, and to supply power to the auxiliary equipment 8 using power from the storage battery 9 during emergency driving. and is configured to be able to supply power to the main motor 4. Healthy running means running when power is being supplied from the overhead wire 1, and emergency running means running when power is not being supplied from the overhead wire 1 due to, for example, a power outage.
　健全走行時には、架線１からの電力供給が可能であるため、架線１からの電力を使用して補機８への電力供給が行われる。一方、非常走行時においては、架線１からの電力供給が途絶えるため、蓄電池９に蓄えられた電力で補機８への電力供給を行いつつ、蓄電池９に蓄えられた電力を利用して主電動機４を駆動することで、目的地までの非常走行を実施する。なお、電源装置５による非常走行は、主変換装置である電力変換装置３が故障した場合において、実施してもよい。この場合の非常走行では、非常停止した鉄道車両１１０を他の鉄道車両の運行の妨げにならない場所に移動させることができる。 During healthy running, power can be supplied from the overhead wire 1, so power is supplied to the auxiliary equipment 8 using the power from the overhead wire 1. On the other hand, during emergency running, since the power supply from the overhead wire 1 is interrupted, the power stored in the storage battery 9 is used to supply power to the auxiliary equipment 8, and the power stored in the storage battery 9 is used to power the main motor. By driving 4, emergency driving to the destination is carried out. Note that the emergency run by the power supply device 5 may be performed when the power conversion device 3, which is the main conversion device, breaks down. In this case, in the emergency running, the railroad vehicle 110 that has made an emergency stop can be moved to a location where it does not interfere with the operation of other railroad vehicles.
　なお、図１では、架線１として架空電線を示し、集電装置２としてパンタグラフ状の集電装置をそれぞれ示しているが、これらに限定されない。架線１としては、地下鉄等で使用されている第三軌条でもよく、これに合わせ、集電装置２は第三軌条用の集電装置を用いてもよい。また、図１では、架線１が直流架線である場合を示しているが、架線１は交流架線でもよい。なお、架線１が交流架線である場合、集電装置２の後段には、受電する交流電圧を降圧するための主変圧器が設けられ、主変圧器の後段には主変圧器から出力される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換するコンバータが設けられる。 Although FIG. 1 shows an overhead wire as the overhead wire 1 and a pantograph-shaped current collector as the current collector 2, the present invention is not limited to these. The overhead wire 1 may be a third rail used in a subway or the like, and accordingly, the current collector 2 may be a current collector for the third rail. Further, although FIG. 1 shows a case where the overhead wire 1 is a DC overhead wire, the overhead wire 1 may be an AC overhead wire. In addition, when the overhead line 1 is an AC overhead line, a main transformer for stepping down the received AC voltage is provided downstream of the current collector 2, and an AC voltage outputted from the main transformer is installed downstream of the main transformer. A converter is provided to convert the alternating current voltage to a direct current voltage.
　次に、実施の形態に係る電源装置５の具体的な回路構成について説明する。図２は、実施の形態に係る電源装置５の主回路である電源主回路２０の構成例を示す図である。図１と同一の構成要素には、同一の符号を付して示している。電源主回路２０は、図２に示すように、チョッパ回路２１と、コンデンサＣ１と、共振型ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２２と、制御部３０とを備える。共振型ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ２２は、第１のインバータ２４と、共振回路２５と、トランス２８と、第２のインバータ２６とを備える。 Next, a specific circuit configuration of the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a power supply main circuit 20, which is a main circuit of the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment. Components that are the same as those in FIG. 1 are designated with the same reference numerals. As shown in FIG. 2, the power supply main circuit 20 includes a chopper circuit 21, a capacitor C1, a resonant DC/DC converter 22, and a control section 30. The resonant DC/DC converter 22 includes a first inverter 24 , a resonant circuit 25 , a transformer 28 , and a second inverter 26 .
　トランス２８は、互いに磁気結合する一次巻線２８ａ及び二次巻線２８ｂを有する絶縁トランスである。本稿では、一次巻線２８ａに接続される側を「一次側」と呼び、二次巻線２８ｂに接続される側を「二次側」と呼ぶ。 The transformer 28 is an isolation transformer having a primary winding 28a and a secondary winding 28b that are magnetically coupled to each other. In this paper, the side connected to the primary winding 28a is referred to as the "primary side", and the side connected to the secondary winding 28b is referred to as the "secondary side".
　チョッパ回路２１は、トランス２８の一次側に配置される。チョッパ回路２１は、第１のリアクトルＬ１と、第１のスイッチング素子Ｑ１１と、第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１２とを備える。 The chopper circuit 21 is arranged on the primary side of the transformer 28. The chopper circuit 21 includes a first reactor L1, a first switching element Q11, and a second switching element Q12.
　第１のインバータ２４は、トランス２８の一次側において、チョッパ回路２１とトランス２８との間に配置される。第１のインバータ２４は、ブリッジ接続される４つの第３～第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４を備える。第３のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１と第５のスイッチング素子Ｑ２３との接続点は外部に引き出されて第１の直流端子２４ａを構成し、第４のスイッチング素子Ｑ２２と第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２４との接続点は外部に引き出されて第２の直流端子２４ｂを構成している。 The first inverter 24 is arranged between the chopper circuit 21 and the transformer 28 on the primary side of the transformer 28. The first inverter 24 includes four third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 connected in a bridge manner. The connection point between the third switching element Q21 and the fifth switching element Q23 is drawn out to form the first DC terminal 24a, and the connection point between the fourth switching element Q22 and the sixth switching element Q24 is drawn out to the outside and constitutes a second DC terminal 24b.
　チョッパ回路２１において、第１のリアクトルＬ１は、一端が第１のインバータ２４の第１の直流端子２４ａに接続される。第１のスイッチング素子Ｑ１１は、一端が第１のリアクトルＬ１の他端に接続され、他端が架線１側に接続される。第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１２は、一端が第１のリアクトルＬ１の他端に接続され、他端が第１のインバータの第２の直流端子２４ｂに接続される。 In the chopper circuit 21, one end of the first reactor L1 is connected to the first DC terminal 24a of the first inverter 24. One end of the first switching element Q11 is connected to the other end of the first reactor L1, and the other end is connected to the overhead wire 1 side. The second switching element Q12 has one end connected to the other end of the first reactor L1, and the other end connected to the second DC terminal 24b of the first inverter.
　コンデンサＣ１は、チョッパ回路２１と第１のインバータ２４との間において、正極側が第１の直流端子２４ａに接続され、負極側が第２の直流端子２４ｂに接続される。このように接続されるコンデンサＣ１は、チョッパ回路２１から出力される直流電圧、及び第１のインバータ２４から出力される直流電圧を平滑するために設けられている。 Between the chopper circuit 21 and the first inverter 24, the capacitor C1 has its positive side connected to the first DC terminal 24a, and its negative side connected to the second DC terminal 24b. The capacitor C1 connected in this manner is provided to smooth the DC voltage output from the chopper circuit 21 and the DC voltage output from the first inverter 24.
　共振回路２５は、第１のインバータ２４とトランス２８との間に配置される。共振回路２５は、共振コンデンサＣ２と、第２のリアクトルＬ２とを有する。共振回路２５は、共振コンデンサＣ２のキャパシタンス成分と、第２のリアクトルＬ２のインダクタンス成分とで直列共振動作を行う。即ち、第２のリアクトルＬ２は、共振回路２５におけるインダクタンス成分として作用する。なお、第２のリアクトルＬ２に代えて、トランス２８の漏れインダクタンスを利用してもよい。この場合、第２のリアクトルＬ２を省略することができる。 The resonant circuit 25 is arranged between the first inverter 24 and the transformer 28. The resonant circuit 25 includes a resonant capacitor C2 and a second reactor L2. The resonant circuit 25 performs series resonant operation with the capacitance component of the resonant capacitor C2 and the inductance component of the second reactor L2. That is, the second reactor L2 acts as an inductance component in the resonance circuit 25. Note that the leakage inductance of the transformer 28 may be used instead of the second reactor L2. In this case, the second reactor L2 can be omitted.
　第２のインバータ２６は、トランス２８の二次側において、トランス２８と直流負荷６との間に配置される。第２のインバータ２６は、ブリッジ接続される４つの第７～第１０のスイッチング素子Ｑ３１～Ｑ３４を備える。 The second inverter 26 is arranged between the transformer 28 and the DC load 6 on the secondary side of the transformer 28. The second inverter 26 includes four seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 connected in a bridge manner.
　第１及び第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１１，Ｑ１２、第３～第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４、並びに第７～第１０のスイッチング素子Ｑ３１～Ｑ３４の一例は、図示のＭＯＳＦＥＴ（Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor　Field-Effect　Transistor）であるが、ＩＧＢＴ（Insulated　Gate　Bipolar　Transistor）、又はＩＧＢＴ以外のトランジスタ素子でもよい。 Examples of the first and second switching elements Q11, Q12, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24, and the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 are MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field -Effect Transistor), but it may also be an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or a transistor element other than IGBT.
　第１及び第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１１，Ｑ１２、第３～第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４、並びに第７～第１０のスイッチング素子Ｑ３１～Ｑ３４の各々は、逆並列に接続されるダイオードを有する。逆並列とは、ＭＯＳＦＥＴのドレインに相当する第１端子とダイオードのカソードとが接続され、ＭＯＳＦＥＴのソースに相当する第２端子とダイオードのアノードとが接続されることを意味する。 The first and second switching elements Q11 and Q12, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24, and the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 each have diodes connected in antiparallel. Anti-parallel means that the first terminal corresponding to the drain of the MOSFET is connected to the cathode of the diode, and the second terminal corresponding to the source of the MOSFET is connected to the anode of the diode.
　また、第１及び第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１１，Ｑ１２、第３～第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４、並びに第７～第１０のスイッチング素子Ｑ３１～Ｑ３４としては、一般的には珪素（Ｓｉ：シリコン）を材料とするＳｉ系半導体を用いて形成するのが主流であるが、炭化珪素（ＳｉＣ：シリコンカーバイド）、窒化ガリウム（ＧａＮ）、酸化ガリウム（Ｇａ２Ｏ３）、ダイヤモンドなどを材料とするワイドバンドギャップ半導体を用いて形成してもよい。各々のスイッチング素子をワイドバンドギャップ半導体系の材料で形成すれば、低損失化及び高速スイッチング化を図ることができる。 Furthermore, the first and second switching elements Q11, Q12, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24, and the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 are generally made of silicon (Si). ), but other materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ), diamond, etc. It may also be formed using a wide bandgap semiconductor. If each switching element is formed of a wide bandgap semiconductor material, it is possible to achieve low loss and high-speed switching.
　制御部３０は、図示しないセンサからの検出信号に基づいて、チョッパ回路２１の第１及び第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１１，Ｑ１２を制御するためのスイッチング信号Ｇ１１を生成してチョッパ回路２１に出力する。また、制御部３０は、図示しないセンサからの検出信号に基づいて、第１のインバータ２４の第３～第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４を制御するためのスイッチング信号Ｇ１２を生成して第２のインバータ２６に出力する。更に、制御部３０は、図示しないセンサからの検出信号に基づいて、第２のインバータ２６の第７～第１０のスイッチング素子Ｑ３１～Ｑ３４を制御するためのスイッチング信号Ｇ１３を生成して第２のインバータ２６に出力する。 The control unit 30 generates a switching signal G11 for controlling the first and second switching elements Q11 and Q12 of the chopper circuit 21 based on a detection signal from a sensor (not shown), and outputs it to the chopper circuit 21. The control unit 30 also generates a switching signal G12 for controlling the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 of the first inverter 24 based on a detection signal from a sensor (not shown), and generates a switching signal G12 for controlling the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 of the first inverter 24. Output to the inverter 26. Further, the control unit 30 generates a switching signal G13 for controlling the seventh to tenth switching elements Q31 to Q34 of the second inverter 26 based on a detection signal from a sensor (not shown). Output to the inverter 26.
　以上のように、実施の形態に係る電源装置５は、蓄電池９を備える鉄道車両１１０に搭載され、互いに磁気結合する一次巻線２８ａ及び二次巻線２８ｂを有して一次側と二次側とを絶縁するトランス２８を備えた鉄道車両用の電源装置である。 As described above, the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment is mounted on a railway vehicle 110 equipped with a storage battery 9, has a primary winding 28a and a secondary winding 28b that are magnetically coupled to each other, and has a primary winding and a secondary winding. This is a power supply device for a railway vehicle equipped with a transformer 28 that insulates the
　次に、実施の形態に係る電源装置５の動作について説明する。チョッパ回路２１は、架線１から電力が供給されるときには降圧動作又はスルー動作し、蓄電池９から電力が供給されるときには昇圧動作する。即ち、チョッパ回路２１は、健全走行時には降圧動作又はスルー動作し、非常走行時には昇圧動作する。スルー動作は、第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１２が常時オフのときの動作であり、架線１の電圧は降圧されずに、第１のスイッチング素子Ｑ１１及び第１のリアクトルＬ１を介して、コンデンサＣ１に印加される。 Next, the operation of the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment will be described. The chopper circuit 21 performs a step-down operation or a through-operation when power is supplied from the overhead wire 1, and performs a step-up operation when power is supplied from the storage battery 9. That is, the chopper circuit 21 performs a step-down operation or a through-operation during normal driving, and performs a step-up operation during emergency driving. The through operation is an operation when the second switching element Q12 is always off, and the voltage of the overhead line 1 is not stepped down but is applied to the capacitor C1 via the first switching element Q11 and the first reactor L1. be done.
　なお、チョッパ回路２１の降圧動作では、逆並列に接続されるダイオードにより、電流の通流経路が確保されるので、第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１２はオン動作しなくてもよい。一方、逆並列に接続されるダイオードに電流が流れるタイミングで第２のスイッチング素子Ｑ１２をオン動作させる同期整流を行ってもよい。トランジスタのオン抵抗による電圧降下は、ダイオードの順方向の電圧降下よりも小さいので、同期整流を行うことで、チョッパ回路２１での損失を低減することができる。 Note that in the step-down operation of the chopper circuit 21, the antiparallel-connected diodes ensure a current flow path, so the second switching element Q12 does not need to be turned on. On the other hand, synchronous rectification may be performed in which the second switching element Q12 is turned on at the timing when a current flows through the diodes connected in antiparallel. Since the voltage drop due to the on-resistance of the transistor is smaller than the forward voltage drop of the diode, loss in the chopper circuit 21 can be reduced by performing synchronous rectification.
　コンデンサＣ１は、チョッパ回路２１から出力される直流電圧を平滑して保持する。また、コンデンサＣ１は、第１のインバータ２４から出力される直流電圧を平滑して保持する。 The capacitor C1 smoothes and holds the DC voltage output from the chopper circuit 21. Further, the capacitor C1 smoothes and holds the DC voltage output from the first inverter 24.
　第１のインバータ２４は、チョッパ回路２１から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換してトランス２８の一次側に印加し、トランス２８の一次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換してチョッパ回路２１に印加する。第１のインバータ２４は、健全走行時には、インバータ回路として動作し、非常走行時には整流回路として動作する。 The first inverter 24 converts the DC voltage applied from the chopper circuit 21 into an AC voltage and applies it to the primary side of the transformer 28, and converts the AC voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer 28 into a DC voltage. The voltage is applied to the chopper circuit 21. The first inverter 24 operates as an inverter circuit during healthy running, and operates as a rectifier circuit during emergency running.
　健全走行時において、第１のインバータ２４に備えられる第３から第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４は、各々の通流率が５０％になるように動作する。この動作の際に、第３から第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４は、互いに対角に位置する２つのスイッチング素子同士、即ち第３及び第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１，Ｑ２４の組、及び第４及び第５のスイッチング素子Ｑ２２，Ｑ２３の組は、同時にオンとなり、又は同時にオフとなる。なお、スイッチング制御に際し、回路動作のばらつきによって、直列に接続される、第３及び第４のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１，Ｑ２２の組及び第５及び第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２３，Ｑ２４の組のスイッチング素子同士が同時にオンになることを防止するためのデッドタイムが設けられることは言うまでも無い。ここで説明する５０％という通流率は、デッドタイムが設けられる前の通流率を意味する。 During healthy running, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 provided in the first inverter 24 operate so that the conduction rate of each becomes 50%. During this operation, the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 are two switching elements located diagonally to each other, that is, a set of the third and sixth switching elements Q21 and Q24, and a set of the fourth and sixth switching elements Q21 and Q24. The set of fifth switching elements Q22 and Q23 are turned on or off at the same time. Note that during switching control, due to variations in circuit operation, the switching elements of the set of third and fourth switching elements Q21 and Q22 and the set of fifth and sixth switching elements Q23 and Q24 connected in series may Needless to say, a dead time is provided to prevent them from being turned on at the same time. The conductivity rate of 50% described here means the conductivity rate before dead time is provided.
　前述したように、共振回路２５では、共振コンデンサＣ２のキャパシタンス成分と、第２のリアクトルＬ２のインダクタンス成分とで直列共振動作が行われる。この直列共振動作によって、共振回路２５には、共振電流が流れる。第３から第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４は、各々の通流率が５０％になるように制御されるので、第３及び第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１，Ｑ２４の組のオン動作と、第４及び第５のスイッチング素子Ｑ２２，Ｑ２３のオン動作とは、共振電流がゼロとなるゼロ点を利用して切り替えることができる。この動作は、ソフトスイッチング方式の一例であり、「ゼロ電流スイッチング」と呼ばれる。これにより、第３から第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４におけるスイッチング損失を低減できるので、第１のインバータ２４の動作の低損失化を図ることができる。 As described above, in the resonance circuit 25, a series resonance operation is performed between the capacitance component of the resonance capacitor C2 and the inductance component of the second reactor L2. Due to this series resonance operation, a resonance current flows through the resonance circuit 25. The third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 are controlled so that the conduction rate of each is 50%, so that the ON operation of the set of third and sixth switching elements Q21 and Q24 and the fourth The ON operation of the fifth switching elements Q22 and Q23 can be switched using the zero point where the resonance current becomes zero. This operation is an example of a soft switching method and is called "zero current switching." Thereby, switching losses in the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 can be reduced, so that the operation loss of the first inverter 24 can be reduced.
　なお、非常走行時において、第１のインバータ２４における電力の流れは、共振回路２５からチョッパ回路２１に向かう方向であり、逆並列に接続されるダイオードにより、電流の通流経路が確保されるので、第３から第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４はオン動作しなくてもよい。一方、逆並列に接続されるダイオードに電流が流れるタイミングで、対応するスイッチング素子をオン動作させる同期整流を行ってもよい。同期整流を行うことで、第１のインバータ２４での損失を低減することができる。 Note that during emergency running, the power flow in the first inverter 24 is from the resonant circuit 25 to the chopper circuit 21, and the diodes connected in antiparallel ensure a current flow path. , the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 do not have to be turned on. On the other hand, synchronous rectification may be performed in which a corresponding switching element is turned on at the timing when a current flows through diodes connected in antiparallel. By performing synchronous rectification, loss in the first inverter 24 can be reduced.
　また、非常走行時において、第１のインバータ２４を介してコンデンサＣ１に印加される電圧は、チョッパ回路２１の昇圧率を調整することで制御する。このようにすれば、コンデンサＣ１の電圧を所望の電圧に調整するときでも、第３から第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４の通流率を５０％に維持することができる。これにより、コンデンサＣ１の電圧を所望の電圧に調整するときでも、第１のインバータ２４におけるスイッチング損失の低減が可能となる。 Furthermore, during emergency running, the voltage applied to the capacitor C1 via the first inverter 24 is controlled by adjusting the boost rate of the chopper circuit 21. In this way, even when adjusting the voltage of the capacitor C1 to a desired voltage, the conductivity of the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 can be maintained at 50%. This makes it possible to reduce switching loss in the first inverter 24 even when adjusting the voltage of the capacitor C1 to a desired voltage.
　第２のインバータ２６は、トランス２８の二次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換して直流負荷６、及び直流負荷６に並列に接続される蓄電池９に印加し、蓄電池９から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換してトランス２８の二次側に印加する。第２のインバータ２６は、健全走行時には整流回路として動作し、非常走行時にはインバータ回路として動作する。 The second inverter 26 converts the AC voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer 28 into a DC voltage, applies it to the DC load 6 and the storage battery 9 connected in parallel to the DC load 6, and applies the voltage from the storage battery 9 to the DC load 6 and the storage battery 9 connected in parallel to the DC load 6. The DC voltage generated is converted into an AC voltage and applied to the secondary side of the transformer 28. The second inverter 26 operates as a rectifier circuit during healthy running, and operates as an inverter circuit during emergency running.
　以上説明したように、実施の形態に係る電源装置５は、健全走行時には架線１からの電力を使用して補機８への電力供給が可能に構成され、非常走行時には蓄電池９からの電力を使用して補機８及び鉄道車両１１０に搭載される主電動機４への電力供給が可能に構成されている。これにより、実施の形態に係る電源装置５は、補機８への電力供給を行う蓄電池９の電力を、非常走行用の電力として利用することが可能となる。 As explained above, the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment is configured to be able to supply power to the auxiliary equipment 8 using the power from the overhead wire 1 during healthy driving, and to supply power from the storage battery 9 during emergency driving. It is configured such that it can be used to supply power to the auxiliary machine 8 and the main motor 4 mounted on the railway vehicle 110. Thereby, the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment can use the power of the storage battery 9 that supplies power to the auxiliary equipment 8 as power for emergency driving.
　図３は、実施の形態における制御部３０の機能を実現するためのハードウェア構成の一例を示すブロック図である。実施の形態における制御部３０の機能を実現する場合には、図３に示されるように、演算を行うプロセッサ３００、プロセッサ３００によって読みとられるプログラムが保存されるメモリ３０２、及び信号の入出力を行うインタフェース３０４を含む構成とすることができる。 FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration for realizing the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment. In order to realize the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. The configuration may include an interface 304 that performs.
　プロセッサ３００は、演算手段の一例である。プロセッサ３００は、マイクロプロセッサ、マイクロコンピュータ、マイクロコントローラ、ＣＰＵ（Central　Processing　Unit）、又はＤＳＰ（Digital　Signal　Processor）と称される演算手段であってもよい。また、メモリ３０２には、ＲＡＭ（Random　Access　Memory）、ＲＯＭ（Read　Only　Memory）、フラッシュメモリ、ＥＰＲＯＭ（Erasable　Programmable　ROM）、ＥＥＰＲＯＭ（登録商標）（Electrically　EPROM)といった不揮発性又は揮発性の半導体メモリ、磁気ディスク、フレキシブルディスク、光ディスク、コンパクトディスク、ミニディスク、ＤＶＤ(Digital　Versatile　Disc）を例示することができる。 The processor 300 is an example of a calculation means. The processor 300 may be a calculation means called a microprocessor, microcomputer, microcontroller, CPU (Central Processing Unit), or DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The memory 302 also includes nonvolatile or volatile semiconductor memories such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), and EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically EPROM); Examples include a magnetic disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, a compact disk, a mini disk, and a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).
　メモリ３０２には、実施の形態における制御部３０の機能を実行するプログラムが格納されている。プロセッサ３００は、インタフェース３０４を介して必要な情報を授受し、メモリ３０２に格納されたプログラムをプロセッサ３００が実行することにより、上述した処理を行うことができる。プロセッサ３００による演算結果は、メモリ３０２に記憶することができる。 The memory 302 stores a program that executes the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment. The processor 300 can perform the above-described processing by exchanging necessary information via the interface 304 and executing a program stored in the memory 302. The results of calculations by processor 300 can be stored in memory 302.
　また、実施の形態における制御部３０の機能を実現する場合には、図４に示す構成でもよい。図４は、実施の形態における制御部３０の機能を実現するためのハードウェア構成の他の例を示すブロック図である。図４では、図３に示すプロセッサ３００及びメモリ３０２が処理回路３０３に置き替えられている。処理回路３０３は、単一回路、複合回路、ＡＳＩＣ（Application　Specific　Integrated　Circuit）、ＦＰＧＡ（Field-Programmable　Gate　Array）、又は、これらを組み合わせたものが該当する。処理回路３０３に入力する情報、及び処理回路３０３から出力する情報は、インタフェース３０４を介して授受することができる。 Furthermore, when realizing the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment, the configuration shown in FIG. 4 may be used. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing another example of the hardware configuration for realizing the functions of the control unit 30 in the embodiment. In FIG. 4, the processor 300 and memory 302 shown in FIG. 3 are replaced with a processing circuit 303. The processing circuit 303 is a single circuit, a composite circuit, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof. Information input to the processing circuit 303 and information output from the processing circuit 303 can be exchanged via the interface 304.
　次に、実施の形態に係る電源装置５の変形例について説明する。図５は、実施の形態の変形例１に係る電源装置５Ａの構成を示す図である。図２では電源装置５が１つの電源主回路２０を有する構成について説明したが、図５に示す電源装置５Ａでは、２つの電源主回路２０が架線１及び直流負荷６に対して並列に接続されている。なお、図５は一例であり、並列に接続される電源主回路２０は、３つ以上であってもよい。 Next, a modification of the power supply device 5 according to the embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5A according to modification example 1 of the embodiment. In FIG. 2, the configuration in which the power supply device 5 has one power supply main circuit 20 has been described, but in the power supply device 5A shown in FIG. 5, two power supply main circuits 20 are connected in parallel to the overhead wire 1 and the DC load 6. ing. Note that FIG. 5 is an example, and three or more power supply main circuits 20 may be connected in parallel.
　図５に示す電源装置５Ａの構成では、２つの電源主回路２０に対してインタリーブ動作を適用する。インタリーブ動作とは、処理の１周期内で、互いに位相をずらして動作させることを行う。例えば、電源主回路２０の数が２である場合には、位相を１８０度ずらして動作させ、電源主回路２０の数が４である場合には、位相を９０度ずらして動作させる。電源主回路２０をインタリーブ動作させた場合、回路内の電圧のリップルを小さくできるので、コンデンサＣ１の容量の低減が可能となる。 In the configuration of the power supply device 5A shown in FIG. 5, interleaving operation is applied to the two power supply main circuits 20. The interleave operation is performed by shifting the phases from each other within one cycle of processing. For example, when the number of main power supply circuits 20 is two, the power supply main circuits 20 are operated with a phase shift of 180 degrees, and when the number of power supply main circuits 20 is four, they are operated with a phase shift of 90 degrees. When the main power supply circuit 20 is operated in an interleaved manner, the voltage ripple in the circuit can be reduced, so that the capacitance of the capacitor C1 can be reduced.
　図６は、実施の形態の変形例２に係る電源装置５Ｂの構成を示す図である。図５では、電源主回路２０におけるチョッパ回路２１、第１のインバータ２４、共振回路２５、トランス２８及び第２のインバータ２６の全てを並列化して構成していたが、図６のように、第２のインバータ２６のみを並列化して構成してもよい。このように構成しても、インタリーブ動作は可能であり、変形例１に係る電源装置５Ａと同等の効果を得ることができる。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5B according to a second modification of the embodiment. In FIG. 5, the chopper circuit 21, the first inverter 24, the resonance circuit 25, the transformer 28, and the second inverter 26 in the power supply main circuit 20 are all arranged in parallel, but as shown in FIG. Only two inverters 26 may be arranged in parallel. Even with this configuration, interleaving operation is possible, and the same effect as the power supply device 5A according to the first modification can be obtained.
　また、図７は、実施の形態の変形例３に係る電源装置５Ｃの構成を示す図である。図６では、第２のインバータ２６のみを並列化して構成していたが、図７のように、第２のインバータ２６を除く、チョッパ回路２１、第１のインバータ２４及び共振回路２５の３つを並列化して構成してもよい。このように構成しても、インタリーブ動作は可能であり、変形例１に係る電源装置５Ａ、及び変形例２に係る電源装置５Ｂと同等の効果を得ることができる。 Further, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5C according to modification 3 of the embodiment. In FIG. 6, only the second inverter 26 is arranged in parallel, but as shown in FIG. may be configured in parallel. Even with this configuration, interleaving operation is possible, and effects equivalent to those of the power supply device 5A according to the first modification and the power supply device 5B according to the second modification can be obtained.
　また、図８は、実施の形態の変形例４に係る電源装置５Ｄの構成を示す図である。図７では、チョッパ回路２１、第１のインバータ２４及び共振回路２５の３つを並列化して構成していたが、図８のように、チョッパ回路２１のみを並列化して構成してもよい。このように構成しても、インタリーブ動作は可能であり、変形例１に係る電源装置５Ａ、変形例２に係る電源装置５Ｂ及び変形例３に係る電源装置５Ｃと同等の効果を得ることができる。 Further, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of a power supply device 5D according to a fourth modification of the embodiment. In FIG. 7, the chopper circuit 21, the first inverter 24, and the resonance circuit 25 are arranged in parallel, but as shown in FIG. 8, only the chopper circuit 21 may be arranged in parallel. Even with this configuration, interleaving operation is possible, and the same effect as the power supply device 5A according to modification example 1, the power supply device 5B according to modification example 2, and the power supply device 5C according to modification example 3 can be obtained. .
　以上説明したように、実施の形態に係る鉄道車両用の電源装置は、蓄電池を備える鉄道車両に搭載され、一次側と二次側とを絶縁するトランスを備える。電源装置は、トランスの一次側に配置されるチョッパ回路と、チョッパ回路とトランスとの間に配置される第１のインバータと、共振コンデンサを有して第１のインバータとトランスとの間に配置される共振回路と、トランスと直流負荷との間に配置される第２のインバータとを備える。チョッパ回路は、架線側から電力が供給されるときには降圧動作し、蓄電池側から電力が供給されるときには昇圧動作する。第１のインバータは、チョッパ回路から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換してトランスの一次側に印加し、トランスの一次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換してチョッパ回路に印加する。共振回路は、共振コンデンサのキャパシタンス成分と、インダクタンス成分とで直列共振動作を行う。第２のインバータは、トランスの二次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換して直流負荷、及び直流負荷に並列に接続される蓄電池に印加し、蓄電池から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換してトランスの二次側に印加する。上記の構成要素により、鉄道車両用の電源装置は、健全走行時には架線からの電力を使用して補機への電力供給が可能に構成され、非常走行時には蓄電池からの電力を使用して補機及び鉄道車両に搭載される主電動機への電力供給が可能に構成される。これにより、補機への電力供給を行う蓄電池の電力を、非常走行用の電力として利用することができる鉄道車両用の電源装置を得ることが可能となる。 As described above, the power supply device for a railway vehicle according to the embodiment is mounted on a railway vehicle equipped with a storage battery, and includes a transformer that insulates the primary side and the secondary side. The power supply device includes a chopper circuit placed on the primary side of the transformer, a first inverter placed between the chopper circuit and the transformer, and a resonant capacitor placed between the first inverter and the transformer. and a second inverter placed between the transformer and the DC load. The chopper circuit performs a step-down operation when power is supplied from the overhead wire side, and performs a step-up operation when power is supplied from the storage battery side. The first inverter converts the DC voltage applied from the chopper circuit into AC voltage and applies it to the primary side of the transformer, and converts the AC voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer into DC voltage and applies it to the chopper circuit. do. The resonant circuit performs a series resonant operation using a capacitance component and an inductance component of a resonant capacitor. The second inverter converts the AC voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer into a DC voltage and applies it to a DC load and a storage battery connected in parallel to the DC load, and converts the DC voltage applied from the storage battery into an AC voltage. Convert it to voltage and apply it to the secondary side of the transformer. With the above-mentioned components, the power supply device for railway vehicles is configured to be able to supply power to auxiliary equipment using power from overhead wires during normal running, and to use power from storage batteries to power auxiliary equipment during emergency running. and is configured to be able to supply power to the main electric motor mounted on the railway vehicle. This makes it possible to obtain a power supply device for a railway vehicle that can utilize the power of the storage battery that supplies power to the auxiliary equipment as power for emergency running.
　なお、上記の構成において、チョッパ回路は、一端が第１のインバータの第１の直流端子に接続される第１のリアクトルと、一端が第１のリアクトルの他端に接続され、他端が架線側に接続される第１のスイッチング素子と、一端が第１のリアクトルの他端に接続され、他端が第１のインバータの第２の直流端子に接続される第２のスイッチング素子とを備えると共に、第２のスイッチング素子が逆並列に接続されるダイオードを備えるように構成することができる。この構成において、第２のスイッチング素子は、チョッパ回路が降圧動作する際には、逆並列に接続されるダイオードに電流が流れるタイミングでオン動作する同期整流動作を行わせてもよい。このようにすれば、チョッパ回路での損失を低減することができる。 In the above configuration, the chopper circuit includes a first reactor having one end connected to the first DC terminal of the first inverter, one end connected to the other end of the first reactor, and the other end connected to the overhead wire. a first switching element connected to the side, and a second switching element whose one end is connected to the other end of the first reactor and whose other end is connected to the second DC terminal of the first inverter. In addition, the second switching element can be configured to include diodes connected in antiparallel. In this configuration, when the chopper circuit performs a step-down operation, the second switching element may perform a synchronous rectification operation in which it is turned on at the timing when a current flows through the antiparallel-connected diodes. In this way, loss in the chopper circuit can be reduced.
　また、上記の構成において、第１のインバータに備えられる第３から第６のスイッチング素子は、各々の通流率が５０％になるように動作し、且つ、互いに対角に位置する２つのスイッチング素子同士は、同時にオン又はオフするように動作させることができる。この動作により、第３から第６のスイッチング素子におけるスイッチング損失を低減して、第１のインバータの動作の低損失化を図ることができる。 Further, in the above configuration, the third to sixth switching elements provided in the first inverter operate so that each conduction rate becomes 50%, and the two switching elements located diagonally to each other The elements can be operated to turn on or off simultaneously. With this operation, switching losses in the third to sixth switching elements can be reduced, and the loss in the operation of the first inverter can be reduced.
　また、上記の構成において、チョッパ回路から出力される直流電圧、又は第１のインバータから出力される直流電圧を平滑するコンデンサを、チョッパ回路と第１のインバータとの間に備えるように構成することができる。この構成において、第１のインバータを介してコンデンサに印加される電圧は、チョッパ回路の昇圧率を調整することで制御する。このようにすれば、コンデンサＣ１の電圧を所望の電圧に調整するときでも、第３から第６のスイッチング素子Ｑ２１～Ｑ２４の通流率を５０％に維持することができるので、第１のインバータ２４におけるスイッチング損失を低減することができる。 Further, in the above configuration, a capacitor for smoothing the DC voltage output from the chopper circuit or the DC voltage output from the first inverter may be provided between the chopper circuit and the first inverter. I can do it. In this configuration, the voltage applied to the capacitor via the first inverter is controlled by adjusting the boost rate of the chopper circuit. In this way, even when adjusting the voltage of the capacitor C1 to a desired voltage, the conductivity of the third to sixth switching elements Q21 to Q24 can be maintained at 50%, so that the first inverter 24 can be reduced.
　以上の実施の形態に示した構成は、一例を示すものであり、別の公知の技術と組み合わせることも可能であるし、要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、構成の一部を省略、変更することも可能である。 The configuration shown in the above embodiments is an example, and it is possible to combine it with another known technology, and a part of the configuration can be omitted or changed without departing from the gist. It is possible.
　１　架線、２　集電装置、３　電力変換装置、４　主電動機、５，５Ａ，５Ｂ，５Ｃ，５Ｄ　電源装置、６　直流負荷、８　補機、９　蓄電池、２０　電源主回路、２１　チョッパ回路、２２　共振型ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ、２４　第１のインバータ、２４ａ　第１の直流端子、２４ｂ　第２の直流端子、２５　共振回路、２６　第２のインバータ、２８　トランス、２８ａ　一次巻線、２８ｂ　二次巻線、３０　制御部、１００　鉄道車両システム、１１０　鉄道車両、３００　プロセッサ、３０２　メモリ、３０３　処理回路、３０４　インタフェース、Ｃ１　コンデンサ、Ｃ２　共振コンデンサ、Ｇ１１～Ｇ１３　スイッチング信号、Ｌ１　第１のリアクトル、Ｌ２　第２のリアクトル、Ｑ１１　第１のスイッチング素子、Ｑ１２　第２のスイッチング素子、Ｑ２１　第３のスイッチング素子、Ｑ２２　第４のスイッチング素子、Ｑ２３　第５のスイッチング素子、Ｑ２４　第６のスイッチング素子、Ｑ３１　第７のスイッチング素子、Ｑ３２　第８のスイッチング素子、Ｑ３３　第９のスイッチング素子、Ｑ３４　第１０のスイッチング素子。 1 Overhead line, 2 Current collector, 3 Power conversion device, 4 Main motor, 5, 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D Power supply device, 6 DC load, 8 Auxiliary equipment, 9 Storage battery, 20 Main power supply circuit, 21 Chopper circuit, 22 Resonant DC/DC converter, 24 first inverter, 24a first DC terminal, 24b second DC terminal, 25 resonance circuit, 26 second inverter, 28 transformer, 28a primary winding, 28b secondary winding , 30 control unit, 100 railway vehicle system, 110 railway vehicle, 300 processor, 302 memory, 303 processing circuit, 304 interface, C1 capacitor, C2 resonant capacitor, G11 to G13 switching signal, L1 first reactor, L2 second Reactor, Q11 first switching element, Q12 second switching element, Q21 third switching element, Q22 fourth switching element, Q23 fifth switching element, Q24 sixth switching element, Q31 seventh switching element , Q32 eighth switching element, Q33 ninth switching element, Q34 tenth switching element.

Claims (8)

  1. 　蓄電池を備える鉄道車両に搭載され、一次側と二次側とを絶縁するトランスを備えた鉄道車両用の電源装置であって、
    　前記トランスの一次側に配置され、架線側から電力が供給されるときには降圧動作し、蓄電池側から電力が供給されるときには昇圧動作するチョッパ回路と、
    　前記チョッパ回路と前記トランスとの間に配置され、前記チョッパ回路から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換して前記トランスの一次側に印加し、前記トランスの一次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換して前記チョッパ回路に印加する第１のインバータと、
    　共振コンデンサを有して前記第１のインバータと前記トランスとの間に配置され、前記共振コンデンサのキャパシタンス成分と、インダクタンス成分とで直列共振動作を行う共振回路と、
    　前記トランスと直流負荷との間に配置され、前記トランスの二次側から印加される交流電圧を直流電圧に変換して前記直流負荷、及び前記直流負荷に並列に接続される前記蓄電池に印加し、前記蓄電池から印加される直流電圧を交流電圧に変換して前記トランスの二次側に印加する第２のインバータと、
    　を備え、
    　健全走行時には架線からの電力を使用して補機への電力供給が可能に構成され、
    　非常走行時には前記蓄電池からの電力を使用して前記補機及び前記鉄道車両に搭載される主電動機への電力供給が可能に構成される
    　ことを特徴とする鉄道車両用の電源装置。     A power supply device for a railway vehicle, which is mounted on a railway vehicle equipped with a storage battery and includes a transformer that insulates a primary side and a secondary side,
    a chopper circuit that is disposed on the primary side of the transformer, performs a step-down operation when power is supplied from the overhead wire side, and performs a step-up operation when power is supplied from the storage battery side;
    It is arranged between the chopper circuit and the transformer, converts the DC voltage applied from the chopper circuit into an AC voltage and applies it to the primary side of the transformer, and converts the AC voltage applied from the primary side of the transformer into an AC voltage. a first inverter that converts the DC voltage into a DC voltage and applies it to the chopper circuit;
    a resonant circuit having a resonant capacitor, disposed between the first inverter and the transformer, and performing series resonant operation with a capacitance component and an inductance component of the resonant capacitor;
    The transformer is disposed between the transformer and the DC load, and converts the AC voltage applied from the secondary side of the transformer into a DC voltage, and applies the DC voltage to the DC load and the storage battery connected in parallel to the DC load. , a second inverter that converts the DC voltage applied from the storage battery into AC voltage and applies it to the secondary side of the transformer;
    Equipped with
    When running in good condition, it is configured to use power from the overhead wires to supply power to auxiliary equipment.
    A power supply device for a railway vehicle, characterized in that, during emergency running, power from the storage battery can be used to supply power to the auxiliary equipment and the main motor mounted on the railway vehicle.
  2. 　前記チョッパ回路は、
    　健全走行時には降圧動作又はスルー動作し、
    　非常走行時には昇圧動作する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の鉄道車両用の電源装置。     The chopper circuit is
    During healthy driving, it operates in step-down or through mode,
    The power supply device for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the power supply device performs a step-up operation during emergency running.
  3. 　前記チョッパ回路は、
    　一端が前記第１のインバータの第１の直流端子に接続される第１のリアクトルと、
    　一端が前記第１のリアクトルの他端に接続され、他端が架線側に接続される第１のスイッチング素子と、
    　一端が前記第１のリアクトルの他端に接続され、他端が前記第１のインバータの第２の直流端子に接続される第２のスイッチング素子と、を備え、
    　前記第１及び第２のスイッチング素子は、各々が逆並列に接続されるダイオードを備え、
    　前記第２のスイッチング素子は、前記チョッパ回路が降圧動作する際には、逆並列に接続されるダイオードに電流が流れるタイミングでオン動作する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の鉄道車両用の電源装置。     The chopper circuit is
    a first reactor having one end connected to a first DC terminal of the first inverter;
    a first switching element having one end connected to the other end of the first reactor and the other end connected to the overhead wire side;
    a second switching element, one end of which is connected to the other end of the first reactor, and the other end of which is connected to a second DC terminal of the first inverter,
    The first and second switching elements each include diodes connected in antiparallel,
    The railway vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second switching element is turned on at a timing when a current flows through diodes connected in antiparallel when the chopper circuit performs a step-down operation. Power supply for.
  4. 　前記第１のインバータと前記トランスとの間に配置される第２のリアクトルを備え、
    　前記第２のリアクトルは、前記共振回路における前記インダクタンス成分として作用する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の鉄道車両用の電源装置。     comprising a second reactor disposed between the first inverter and the transformer,
    The power supply device for a railway vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second reactor acts as the inductance component in the resonant circuit.
  5. 　前記第１のインバータは、フルブリッジ接続される第３から第６のスイッチング素子を備え、
    　前記第３から第６のスイッチング素子は、各々が逆並列に接続されるダイオードを備え、
    　前記第１のインバータは、
    　健全走行時にはインバータ回路として動作し、
    　非常走行時には整流回路として動作する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１から４の何れか１項に記載の鉄道車両用の電源装置。     The first inverter includes third to sixth switching elements connected in a full bridge,
    The third to sixth switching elements each include diodes connected in antiparallel,
    The first inverter is
    During healthy driving, it operates as an inverter circuit,
    The power supply device for a railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it operates as a rectifier circuit during emergency running.
  6. 　前記第３から第６のスイッチング素子は、各々の通流率が５０％になるように動作し、且つ、互いに対角に位置する２つのスイッチング素子同士は、同時にオン又はオフする
    　ことを特徴とする請求項５に記載の鉄道車両用の電源装置。     The third to sixth switching elements operate so that each conduction rate becomes 50%, and two switching elements located diagonally to each other are turned on or off at the same time. The power supply device for a railway vehicle according to claim 5.
  7. 　前記チョッパ回路と前記第１のインバータとの間に配置され、前記チョッパ回路から出力される直流電圧、又は前記第１のインバータから出力される直流電圧を平滑するコンデンサを備え、
    　前記第１のインバータを介して前記コンデンサに印加される電圧は、前記チョッパ回路の昇圧率を調整することで制御される
    　ことを特徴とする請求項６に記載の鉄道車両用の電源装置。     a capacitor disposed between the chopper circuit and the first inverter that smoothes the DC voltage output from the chopper circuit or the DC voltage output from the first inverter;
    The power supply device for a railway vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the voltage applied to the capacitor via the first inverter is controlled by adjusting a step-up rate of the chopper circuit.
  8. 　前記第２のインバータは、フルブリッジ接続される第７から第１０のスイッチング素子を備え、
    　前記第７から第１０のスイッチング素子は、各々が逆並列に接続されるダイオードを備え、
    　前記第２のインバータは、
    　健全走行時には整流回路として動作し、
    　非常走行時にはインバータ回路として動作する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１から７の何れか１項に記載の鉄道車両用の電源装置。     The second inverter includes seventh to tenth switching elements connected in a full bridge,
    The seventh to tenth switching elements each include a diode connected in antiparallel,
    The second inverter is
    Operates as a rectifier circuit during healthy driving,
    The power supply device for a railway vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it operates as an inverter circuit during emergency running.
PCT/JP2022/029502 2022-08-01 2022-08-01 Power supply device for railroad vehicle WO2024028947A1 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003199354A (en) * 2001-12-25 2003-07-11 Toshiba Corp Power converter
WO2017038363A1 (en) * 2015-09-01 2017-03-09 株式会社村田製作所 Energy management system
JP2019067875A (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-25 富士電機株式会社 Stationary induction apparatus and electric power conversion system using the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003199354A (en) * 2001-12-25 2003-07-11 Toshiba Corp Power converter
WO2017038363A1 (en) * 2015-09-01 2017-03-09 株式会社村田製作所 Energy management system
JP2019067875A (en) * 2017-09-29 2019-04-25 富士電機株式会社 Stationary induction apparatus and electric power conversion system using the same

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