WO2024028599A1 - Polymorph of the ketoglutarate or p-toleunesulphonate salt of mebendazole - Google Patents
Polymorph of the ketoglutarate or p-toleunesulphonate salt of mebendazole Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024028599A1 WO2024028599A1 PCT/GB2023/052042 GB2023052042W WO2024028599A1 WO 2024028599 A1 WO2024028599 A1 WO 2024028599A1 GB 2023052042 W GB2023052042 W GB 2023052042W WO 2024028599 A1 WO2024028599 A1 WO 2024028599A1
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- salt
- benzimidazol
- benzoyl
- carbamate
- methyl
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- KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-oxoglutarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC(=O)C([O-])=O KPGXRSRHYNQIFN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title 1
- BAXLBXFAUKGCDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mebendazole Chemical compound [CH]1C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BAXLBXFAUKGCDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229960003439 mebendazole Drugs 0.000 title 1
- OPXLLQIJSORQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mebendazole Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OPXLLQIJSORQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/24—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 2
- C07D235/30—Nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical
- C07D235/32—Benzimidazole-2-carbamic acids, unsubstituted or substituted; Esters thereof; Thio-analogues thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of chemical pharmaceuticals.
- the present application relates to the novel 2-ketoglutarate and p-toluenesulphonate salt forms of Methyl N- (6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate, crystalline compositions, processes of preparation and uses thereof.
- solubility is one of the most vital parameters when considering the bioavailability of the drug.
- low aqueous solubility is one of the major challenges that are often encountered.
- more than 40% of marketed drugs are poorly soluble.
- Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate is widely known as an anthelminthic agent to treat parasitic worm infections such as roundworm or threadworm.
- the drug was developed in 1971 by Janssen Pharmaceutica in Belgium and may be found on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines.
- Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate possesses particularly poor solubility and thus its resultant bioavailability following administration of a single oral dose is only 1% to 2%. This ultimately limits the potential of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate as an effective therapeutic treatment in a number of infections and diseases that have been speculated to be potential targets of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate.
- Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate exists as three crystalline structures identified as Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph A, Methyl N-(6- benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph B and Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph C, all of which display the same poor solubilities.
- the present invention provides a salt of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate, wherein the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate or Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p- toluenesulphonate, wherein the X-ray diffraction pattern of the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate salt shows at least five characteristic peaks at 2theta values selected from 5.40° ⁇ 0.2°, 8.10° ⁇ 0.2°, 11.34° ⁇ 0.2°, 15.33° ⁇ 0.2°, 15.88° ⁇ 0.2°, 16.34° ⁇ 0.2°, 16.88° ⁇ 0.2°, 18.00° ⁇ 0.2°, 19.
- the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of any of the salts described in the first aspect.
- the present invention provides the salts described in the first aspect or the pharmaceutical composition described in the second aspect for use in treating polycystic kidney disease (PKD).
- PPD polycystic kidney disease
- the present invention provides a process for preparing a Methyl N-(6- benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salt, comprising the following steps: 1) mixing Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate with a weak acid and a crystallisation solvent; and 2) grinding the mixture obtained in step 1; wherein the weak acid is selected from ketoglutaric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
- the weak acid is selected from ketoglutaric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
- Figure 1 shows the XRPD overlay of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate obtained experimentally and the one generated from simulated single crystal data.
- Figure 2 shows the asymmetric unit in the crystal structure of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate. Dashed lines represent N—H ⁇ O hydrogen bonds.
- Figure 3 shows the crystal structure packing down crystallographic a-axis of the salt, Methyl N- (6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate.
- Figure 4 shows the hydrogen bonding motifs of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol- 2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate.
- Figure 5 shows X-ray microscopy images of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate.
- Figure 6 shows the DSC Thermal Analysis of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol- 2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate.
- Figure 7 shows the XRPD overlay of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate.
- Figure 8 shows the asymmetric unit in crystal structure of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Dashed lines represent N—H ⁇ O hydrogen bonds.
- Figure 9 shows the crystal structure packing down crystallographic a-axis and b-axis of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate.
- Figure 10 shows the hydrogen bonding- motifs of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate.
- Figure 11 shows the X-ray microscopy of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate.
- Figure 12 shows the DSC Thermal Analysis of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate.
- the inventor has made new Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salts to overcome the limitations of the current forms of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate in pharmaceutical administration.
- the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate.
- the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate.
- the salts above show at least six of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in the first aspect, preferably at least seven of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, more preferably at least eight of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, even more preferably at least nine of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, yet more preferably at least ten of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, such as at least twelve of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, for example at least fourteen of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in the first aspect.
- the salts of the first aspect and above show all of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in the first aspect.
- the salts are characterised by their unique X-ray diffraction patterns, which is commonplace in the art. X-ray diffraction patterns are recorded by the well-known process of X-ray crystallography. Specific exemplary crystallography machines and processes are outlined in the Examples section. Relative intensities of the bands (especially at the low angles) can vary depending upon preferential orientation effects resulting from the differences of crystals' conditions, particle sizes, and other measuring conditions.
- the relative intensities of diffraction peaks are not characteristic for a specific crystalline form, but rather it is the relative positions of peaks that should be paid more attention to when judging whether a crystalline form is the same as a known crystalline form.
- there may be a slight error in the position of peaks which is also well known in the field of crystallography.
- the position of a peak may shift due to the change of a temperature, the movement of a sample or the calibration of an instrument and so on when analyzing the sample, and the measurement error of 2theta value is sometimes about ⁇ 0.2°. Accordingly, this error should be taken into consideration when identifying a crystal structure.
- the position of a peak is expressed in terms of 2theta angle or lattice spacing d in an XRD pattern and the simple conversion UHODWLRQVKLS ⁇ WKHUH ⁇ EHWZHHQ ⁇ LV ⁇ G ⁇ ⁇ NJ ⁇ VLQLJ ⁇ ZKHUHLQ ⁇ G ⁇ UHSUHVHQWV ⁇ WKH ⁇ ODWWLFH ⁇ VSDFLQJ ⁇ NJ ⁇ UHSUHVHQWV ⁇ the wavelength of incident X-UD ⁇ DQG ⁇ LJ ⁇ WKHWD ⁇ UHSUHVHQWV ⁇ WKH ⁇ GLIIUDFWion angle.
- Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate is characterised by the hydrogen bonding outlined in Table 8.
- the salts of the invention may also be characterised by X-ray diffraction, which is commonplace in the art.
- the salts of the invention may also be characterised by a differential scanning calorimetry curve, which is commonplace in the art.
- Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate is characterised by a differential scanning calorimetry curve having an onset of melting at approximately 75 °C, 169 °C or 175 °C.
- the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate is characterised by a differential scanning calorimetry curve having an onset of melting approximately 50 °C to 220 °C.
- carrier is defined as a compound that facilitates introducing a compound, such as the salts of the present invention, into a cell or tissue.
- pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, any adjuvant, H[FLSLHQW ⁇ JOLGDQW ⁇ VZHHWHQHU ⁇ GLOXHQW ⁇ SUHVHUYDWLYH ⁇ G ⁇ H ⁇ FRlorant, flavoring agent, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersant, suspension agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier approved by the National Drug Administration as acceptable for use in human or livestock.
- the salts may be for use as a medicament due to their improved solubility and bioavailability properties versus present forms. It is expected that the salts can be used for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
- the salts and pharmaceutical compositions as described herein are for use in the treatment or prevention of polycystic kidney disease (PKD).
- PPD polycystic kidney disease
- the PKD is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).
- ADPKD autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- ARPKD autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- treatment or “treating” as used herein, refer to therapeutic (curative) treatment.
- Treatment also includes “amelioration” i.e., improving the patient’s condition, such as by stopping the disease from developing or slowing further progression of the disease.
- treatment may include preventing a tumour, or cyst from growing bigger or slowing a tumour or cyst’s growth rate.
- prevention or “preventing” as used herein, we refer to “prophylactic” treatment.
- terapéuticaally effective amount refers to an amount of the compound of the present application, and when it is administered to a mammal, preferably human, it is enough to realize the treatment of infection or disease in a mammal, preferably in human, as defined hereinafter.
- the amount of the compound of the present application forming the "therapeutically effective amount” changes with the compound, the disease condition and its severity, the administration route, and the age of the mammal to be treated, but can be conventionally determined by those with ordinary skills in the art based on their own knowledge and the disclosure of the present application.
- the present application provides a pharmaceutical composition as described above, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally.
- the salts of the present invention may be made by a variety of processes, including by the process of the fourth aspect of the invention.
- Grinding also known as milling
- a crystallisation solvent is a solvent in which the process of crystallisation occurs, wherein solid crystals precipitate from solution.
- the crystallisation solvent is selected from dichloromethane, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, or a mixture thereof, and preferably a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol.
- the process for preparing the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salt as described herein further comprises the step of filtering the mixture obtained in step 2 to obtain the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salt. Filtration methods are well-known in the art.
- the molar ratio of the weak acid to Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate is between 1.5:1 and 2.5:1, preferably around 2:1. Accordingly, the resultant salt formed by the process has a molar ratio between 1.5:1 and 2.5:1, preferably around 2:1.
- the process for preparing the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salts occurs at about room temperature.
- the mixture obtained in step 1 is ground for 0.25 hours to 3 hours, preferably 0.5 to 2.5 hours. Examples The present disclosure will be further explained by the specific examples.
- DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- XRPD X-ray Powder Diffraction
- SCXRD Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction RT: Room temperature
- XRPD Bruker AXS C2 GADDS: XRPD diffractograms were collected on a Bruker AXS C2 GADDS diffractometer using Cu . ⁇ UDGLDWLRQ ⁇ kV, 40 mA), an automated XYZ stage, a laser video microscope for auto-sample positioning and a V ⁇ ntec-500 2-dimensional area detector.
- X-ray optics consist of a single Göbel multilayer mirror coupled with a pinhole collimator of 0.3 mm.
- the beam divergence i.e., the effective size of the X-ray beam on the sample, was approximately 4 PP ⁇ ⁇ $ ⁇ LJ-LJ ⁇ FRQWLQXRXV ⁇ VFDQ ⁇ PRGH ⁇ ZDV ⁇ Hmployed with a sample – detector distance of 20 FP ⁇ ZKLFK ⁇ JLYHV ⁇ DQ ⁇ HIIHFWLYH ⁇ LJ ⁇ UDQJH ⁇ RI ⁇ – 32.5°.
- the sample was exposed to the X-ray beam for 120 seconds.
- Bruker AXS D8 Advance XRPD diffractograms were collected on a Bruker D8 diffractometer using Cu . ⁇ UDGLDWLRQ ⁇ kV, 40 P$ ⁇ DQG ⁇ D ⁇ LJ- ⁇ LJ ⁇ JRQLRPHWHU ⁇ ILWWHG ⁇ ZLWK ⁇ D ⁇ *H monochromator.
- the incident beam passes through a 2.0 mm divergence slit followed by a 0.2 mm anti-scatter slit and knife edge.
- the diffracted beam passes through an 8.0 mm receiving slit with 2.5° Soller slits followed by the Lynxeye Detector.
- the software used for data collection and analysis was Diffrac Plus XRD Commander and Diffrac Plus EVA respectively. Samples were run under ambient conditions as flat plate specimens using powder as received. The sample was prepared on a polished, zero-background (510) silicon wafer by gently pressing onto the flat surface or packed into a cut cavity. The sample was rotated in its own plane.
- the details of the standard Pharmorphix data collection method are as shown in Table 1. Angular range ⁇ WR ⁇ LJ Step size 0.05° ⁇ LJ Table 1. Details When required, other methods for data collection are used with details as shown in Table 2. Angular range ⁇ WR ⁇ LJ Step size 0.06° ⁇ LJ Table 2.
- PANalytical Empyrean XRPD diffractograms were collected on a PANalytical Empyrean diffractometer using Cu . ⁇ UDGLDWLRQ ⁇ ⁇ kV, 40 mA) in transmission geometry. A 0.5° slit, 4 mm mask and 0.04 rad Soller slits with a focusing mirror were used on the incident beam. A PIXcel 3D detector, placed on the diffracted beam, was fitted with a receiving slit and 0.04 rad Soller slits. The software used for data collection was X’Pert Data Collector using X’Pert Operator Interface. The data were analysed and presented using Diffrac Plus EVA or HighScore Plus.
- Hydrogen atoms attached to a heteroatom were located in a difference Fourier synthesis map and were allowed to refine freely with an isotropic displacement parameter.
- Hydrogen Bonding Hydrogen bonding motifs were interpreted using Mercury.
- Modulated temperature DSC was carried out using an underlying heating rate of 2 ⁇ & ⁇ PLQ ⁇ DQG ⁇ temperature modulation parameters of ⁇ 0.636 °C (amplitude) every 60 seconds (period).
- the instrument control software was Advantage for Q Series and Thermal Advantage and the data were analysed using Universal Analysis or TRIOS.
- TA Instruments Discovery DSC DSC data were collected on a TA Instruments Discovery DSC equipped with a 50 position auto-sampler. Typically, 0.5 - 2 mg of each sample, in a pin-holed aluminium pan, was heated at 10 ⁇ & ⁇ PLQ ⁇ IURP ⁇ °C to 270 °C.
- Example 1 salt of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate
- Process for preparing the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate 25 mg of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate and 12.4 mg of ketoglutaric acid were weighed into a HPLC vial. The sample was wetted with 15 ⁇ L of solvent (DCM:MeOH at a 7:3 volume ratio or MeOH or THF).
- the optical microscopy images of Example 1 are shown in Fig. 5. The images show Example 1 in a mixture of the formic acid, acetonitrile and water solution. The selected crystal shows measurements of 0.45 x 0.02 x 0.01 mm.
- Example 1 Due to weak scattering power of the selected crystal, X-ray data were collected with a longer exposure of 10 sec per frame (lower theta angles) and 45 second per frame (higher theta angle) using 0.5 ° scan width.
- the DSC thermal analysis of Example 1 is shown in Fig. 6.
- Example 2 salt of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p- toluenesulphonate
- Process for preparing the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p- toluenesulphonate 25 mg of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate and 14.6 mg of p- toluenesulphonic acid were weighed into a HPLC vial. The sample was wetted with 15 ⁇ L of solvent (DCM:MeOH at a 7:3 volume ratio or MeOH or THF).
- Example 2 crystallises in the orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 .
- the crystal structure and crystal structure packing of Example 2 is shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10 and Table 7.
- United cell da The hydrogen bond formation of Example 2 is shown in Fig. 10 and Table 8.
- the X-ray diffraction images for Example 2 are shown in Fig. 11.
- the images show Example 2 in a mixture of the formic acid, water and ethanol solution with solvent layering.
- the selected crystal shows measurements of 0.22 x 0.03 x 0.015 mm.
- Example 3 Kinetic Solubility Assessment Aim: to compare the solubility properties of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate polymorph C to the salts of the present invention (Examples 1 and 2).
- Example 4 Mouse PK Assessment Aim: to compare and evaluate the oral pharmacokinetic properties of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate polymorph C and the salts of the present invention in 6-8 week ROG ⁇ PDOH ⁇ & ⁇ %/ ⁇ - ⁇ PLFH ⁇
- Examples 1 and 2 demonstrate increased C max (1609 - 1739 QJ ⁇ P/ ⁇ DQG ⁇ $8& ⁇ (8553 - 8643 K ⁇ QJ ⁇ P/ ⁇ RYHU ⁇ 0HWK ⁇ O ⁇ 1-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- ⁇ O ⁇ FDUEDPDWH ⁇ SRO ⁇ PRUSK ⁇ & ⁇ QJ ⁇ P/ ⁇ &max ⁇ K ⁇ QJ ⁇ P/ ⁇ $8& ⁇ ) when administered orally at the same free Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate equivalent dose.
- Examples 1 and 2 additionally demonstrate improved oral bioavailability (71% - 74% F) and a reduced variability of oral bioavailability (8% - 31% coefficient of variation) when compared with Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate polymorph C (26% F; 144% coefficient of variation).
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of chemical pharmaceuticals and relates to novel forms of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate. Specifically, the invention relates to the 2-ketoglutarate and p-toluenesulphonate salt forms of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate and methods of preparing thereof.
Description
Salts Field of the Invention The present disclosure relates to the field of chemical pharmaceuticals. In particular, the present application relates to the novel 2-ketoglutarate and p-toluenesulphonate salt forms of Methyl N- (6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate, crystalline compositions, processes of preparation and uses thereof. Background From the viewpoint of producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising an active compound, solubility is one of the most vital parameters when considering the bioavailability of the drug. During the formulation of novel therapeutics, low aqueous solubility is one of the major challenges that are often encountered. Currently, more than 40% of marketed drugs are poorly soluble. A number of techniques are employed in order to improve solubility properties of a drug, including physical and chemical modifications to the drug, such as crystal engineering for salt generation or salt formation. Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate is widely known as an anthelminthic agent to treat parasitic worm infections such as roundworm or threadworm. The drug was developed in 1971 by Janssen Pharmaceutica in Belgium and may be found on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines. However, akin to many pharmaceutical compositions, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate possesses particularly poor solubility and thus its resultant bioavailability following administration of a single oral dose is only 1% to 2%. This ultimately limits the potential of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate as an effective therapeutic treatment in a number of infections and diseases that have been speculated to be potential targets of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate. Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate exists as three crystalline structures identified as Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph A, Methyl N-(6- benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph B and Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph C, all of which display the same poor solubilities. Recent literature presents Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph C as the most clinically promising polymorph on the basis of its intrinsically low toxicity implications. There is thus, a high demand for a compound of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Polymorph C with improved solubility, and bioavailability. Summary of the Invention The present application provides novel salt forms of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate, which can improve solubility and bioavailability of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate for medical uses, as shown by the below in vitro and in vivo data.
In the first aspect, the present invention provides a salt of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate, wherein the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate or Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p- toluenesulphonate, wherein the X-ray diffraction pattern of the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate salt shows at least five characteristic peaks at 2theta values selected from 5.40°± 0.2°, 8.10°± 0.2°, 11.34°± 0.2°, 15.33°± 0.2°, 15.88°± 0.2°, 16.34°± 0.2°, 16.88°± 0.2°, 18.00°± 0.2°, 19.10°± 0.2°, 19.91°± 0.2°, 20.30°± 0.2°, 20.85°± 0.2°, 21.47°± 0.2°, 21.93°± 0.2°, 22.71°± 0.2°, 24.63°± 0.2°, 25.01°± 0.2°, 25.48°± 0.2°, 26.22°± 0.2°, 27.27°± 0.2°, 27.65°± 0.2°, 28.15°± 0.2°, 29.12°± 0.2°, and 29.77°± 0.2°; wherein the X-ray diffraction pattern of the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate salt shows at least five characteristic peaks at 2theta values selected from 7.69°± 0.2°, 9.15°± 0.2°, 11.32°± 0.2°, 12.40°± 0.2°, 12.84°± 0.2°, 14.97°± 0.2°, 17.09°± 0.2°, 17.29°± 0.2°, 19.72°± 0.2°, 19.97°± 0.2°, 20.14°± 0.2°, 21.06°± 0.2°, 21.30°± 0.2°, 22.69°± 0.2°, 23.29°± 0.2°, 24.28°± 0.2°, 24.72°± 0.2°, 26.08°± 0.2°, 26.65°± 0.2°, 26.98°± 0.2°, 28.07°± 0.2°, 28.49°± 0.2°, 28.90°± 0.2°, 30.11°± 0.2°, and 31.68°± 0.2°. In the second aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of any of the salts described in the first aspect. In the third aspect, the present invention provides the salts described in the first aspect or the pharmaceutical composition described in the second aspect for use in treating polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In the fourth aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a Methyl N-(6- benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salt, comprising the following steps: 1) mixing Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate with a weak acid and a crystallisation solvent; and 2) grinding the mixture obtained in step 1; wherein the weak acid is selected from ketoglutaric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid. Brief Description of the Drawings All thermal analyses figures, which depict the thermal behaviour of the new forms make reference to DSC and TGA as Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis, respectively.
Figure 1 shows the XRPD overlay of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate obtained experimentally and the one generated from simulated single crystal data. Figure 2 shows the asymmetric unit in the crystal structure of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate. Dashed lines represent N—H···O hydrogen bonds. Figure 3 shows the crystal structure packing down crystallographic a-axis of the salt, Methyl N- (6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate. Figure 4 shows the hydrogen bonding motifs of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol- 2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate. Figure 5 shows X-ray microscopy images of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate. Figure 6 shows the DSC Thermal Analysis of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol- 2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate. Figure 7 shows the XRPD overlay of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Figure 8 shows the asymmetric unit in crystal structure of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Dashed lines represent N—H···O hydrogen bonds. Figure 9 shows the crystal structure packing down crystallographic a-axis and b-axis of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Figure 10 shows the hydrogen bonding- motifs of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Figure 11 shows the X-ray microscopy of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Figure 12 shows the DSC Thermal Analysis of the salt, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Detailed description of the Invention The inventor has made new Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salts to overcome the limitations of the current forms of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate in pharmaceutical administration. Suitably, the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate. Suitably, the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate. Suitably, the salts above show at least six of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in the first aspect, preferably at least seven of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, more
preferably at least eight of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, even more preferably at least nine of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, yet more preferably at least ten of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, such as at least twelve of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, for example at least fourteen of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in the first aspect. In one aspect, the salts of the first aspect and above show all of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in the first aspect. The salts are characterised by their unique X-ray diffraction patterns, which is commonplace in the art. X-ray diffraction patterns are recorded by the well-known process of X-ray crystallography. Specific exemplary crystallography machines and processes are outlined in the Examples section. Relative intensities of the bands (especially at the low angles) can vary depending upon preferential orientation effects resulting from the differences of crystals' conditions, particle sizes, and other measuring conditions. Therefore, the relative intensities of diffraction peaks are not characteristic for a specific crystalline form, but rather it is the relative positions of peaks that should be paid more attention to when judging whether a crystalline form is the same as a known crystalline form. In addition, as for any given crystalline form, there may be a slight error in the position of peaks, which is also well known in the field of crystallography. For example, the position of a peak may shift due to the change of a temperature, the movement of a sample or the calibration of an instrument and so on when analyzing the sample, and the measurement error of 2theta value is sometimes about ± 0.2°. Accordingly, this error should be taken into consideration when identifying a crystal structure. Usually, the position of a peak is expressed in terms of 2theta angle or lattice spacing d in an XRD pattern and the simple conversion UHODWLRQVKLS^WKHUH^EHWZHHQ^LV^G^ ^NJ^^VLQLJ^^ZKHUHLQ^G^UHSUHVHQWV^WKH^ODWWLFH^VSDFLQJ^^NJ^UHSUHVHQWV^ the wavelength of incident X-UD\^^DQG^LJ^^WKHWD^^UHSUHVHQWV^WKH^GLIIUDFWion angle. For the same crystalline form of the same compound, the position of peaks in an XRD spectrum thereof has similarity on the whole, and the error of relative intensities may be larger. In addition, it is necessary to point out that due to some factors such as reduced contents, parts of diffraction lines may be absent in the identification of a mixture. At this time, even a band may be characteristic for the given crystalline form without depending upon all the bands of a high purity sample. Crystal packing in both structures is governed by hydrogen bonding between organic cations and organic anions. Suitably the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate is characterised by the hydrogen bonding outlined in Table 6. Suitably the salt
Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate is characterised by the hydrogen bonding outlined in Table 8. The salts of the invention may also be characterised by X-ray diffraction, which is commonplace in the art. The salts of the invention may also be characterised by a differential scanning calorimetry curve, which is commonplace in the art. Suitably the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate is characterised by a differential scanning calorimetry curve having an onset of melting at approximately 75 °C, 169 °C or 175 °C. Suitably the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate is characterised by a differential scanning calorimetry curve having an onset of melting approximately 50 °C to 220 °C. 6XLWDEO\^WKH^SKDUPDFHXWLFDO^FRPSRVLWLRQV^PD\^FRPSULVH^D^FDUULHU^^DQ^H[FLSLHQW^^DQG^RU^D^PHGLXP^ generally accepted in the art for transporting a bioactive compound to an organism (e.g., human). An object of the pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate administering the compound of the present application to an organism. The term "carrier" is defined as a compound that facilitates introducing a compound, such as the salts of the present invention, into a cell or tissue. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" includes, but is not limited to, any adjuvant, H[FLSLHQW^^JOLGDQW^^VZHHWHQHU^^GLOXHQW^^SUHVHUYDWLYH^^G\H^FRlorant, flavoring agent, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersant, suspension agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier approved by the National Drug Administration as acceptable for use in human or livestock. The salts may be for use as a medicament due to their improved solubility and bioavailability properties versus present forms. It is expected that the salts can be used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In a preferred aspect, the salts and pharmaceutical compositions as described herein, are for use in the treatment or prevention of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Preferably the PKD is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).0HEHQGD]ROH^ KDV^ EHHQ^ DVVRFLDWHG^ZLWK^ WKH^ WUHDWPHQW^ DQG^RU^ SUHYHQWLRQ^ RI^ infectious diseases including Cystic Echinococcosis, Alveolar Echinococcosis, Cryptococcosis and
SARS-&R9^^^0HEHQGD]ROH^KDV^DOVR^EHHQ^DVVRFLDWHG^ZLWK^ WKH^ WUHDWPHQW^DQG^RU^SUHYHQtion of cancers, including Glioblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Colorectal cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer, Prostate cancer, Melanoma, Head & Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Neurofibromatosis. Suitably there is provided the use of the salts as described herein in the preparation of a medicament for treating PKD. Suitably there is provided a method of treating PKD by administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising the salts as described herein. The terms “treatment” or “treating” as used herein, refer to therapeutic (curative) treatment. Treatment also includes “amelioration” i.e., improving the patient’s condition, such as by stopping the disease from developing or slowing further progression of the disease. For example, treatment may include preventing a tumour, or cyst from growing bigger or slowing a tumour or cyst’s growth rate. By the term “prevention” or “preventing” as used herein, we refer to “prophylactic” treatment. The term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount of the compound of the present application, and when it is administered to a mammal, preferably human, it is enough to realize the treatment of infection or disease in a mammal, preferably in human, as defined hereinafter. The amount of the compound of the present application forming the "therapeutically effective amount" changes with the compound, the disease condition and its severity, the administration route, and the age of the mammal to be treated, but can be conventionally determined by those with ordinary skills in the art based on their own knowledge and the disclosure of the present application. In another aspect, the present application provides a pharmaceutical composition as described above, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally. The salts of the present invention may be made by a variety of processes, including by the process of the fourth aspect of the invention. Grinding (also known as milling) is a well-known process in the field and involves breaking down materials into finer particles by milling machines such as the Pulverisette 6 or Retsch Mixer Mill MM400. A crystallisation solvent is a solvent in which the process of crystallisation occurs, wherein solid crystals precipitate from solution. Preferably, the crystallisation solvent is selected from
dichloromethane, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, or a mixture thereof, and preferably a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol. Suitably, when the crystallisation solvent is a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol, it is preferred that the volume ratio of dichloromethane to methanol is between 4:1 and 1:1, preferably 3:1 and 3:2, and even more preferably wherein the volume ratio of dichloromethane to methanol is about 7:3. Suitably, the process for preparing the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salt as described herein, further comprises the step of filtering the mixture obtained in step 2 to obtain the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salt. Filtration methods are well-known in the art. Suitably in step 1 of the process, the molar ratio of the weak acid to Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate is between 1.5:1 and 2.5:1, preferably around 2:1. Accordingly, the resultant salt formed by the process has a molar ratio between 1.5:1 and 2.5:1, preferably around 2:1. Suitably, the process for preparing the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salts occurs at about room temperature. RooP^WHPSHUDWXUH^LV^NQRZQ^WR^EH^EHWZHHQ^^^^τ&^DQG^ ^^^τ&^ Suitably, the mixture obtained in step 1 is ground for 0.25 hours to 3 hours, preferably 0.5 to 2.5 hours. Examples The present disclosure will be further explained by the specific examples. The abbreviations used in the disclosure are explained as follows: DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography XRPD: X-ray Powder Diffraction SCXRD: Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction RT: Room temperature X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD): Bruker AXS C2 GADDS: XRPD diffractograms were collected on a Bruker AXS C2 GADDS diffractometer using Cu .Į^UDGLDWLRQ^^^^ kV, 40 mA), an automated XYZ stage, a laser video
microscope for auto-sample positioning and a Våntec-500 2-dimensional area detector. X-ray optics consist of a single Göbel multilayer mirror coupled with a pinhole collimator of 0.3 mm. The beam divergence, i.e., the effective size of the X-ray beam on the sample, was approximately 4 PP^^ ^$^LJ-LJ^FRQWLQXRXV^VFDQ^PRGH^ZDV^Hmployed with a sample – detector distance of 20 FP^ZKLFK^JLYHV^DQ^HIIHFWLYH^^LJ^UDQJH^RI^^^^^^– 32.5°. Typically, the sample was exposed to the X-ray beam for 120 seconds. The software used for data collection and analysis ZDV^*$''6^IRU^:LQ^^;3^DQG^'LIIUDc Plus EVA respectively. Ambient conditions: samples run under ambient conditions were prepared as flat plate specimens using powder as received without grinding. Samples were prepared and analysed on a glass slide, by lightly pressed the powder to obtain a flat surface for analysis. Non-ambient conditions: for variable temperature (VT-XRPD) experiments samples were mounted on an Anton Paar DHS 900 hot stage at ambient conditions. The sample was then heated to the appropriate temperature at 10 ^&^PLQ^ DQG^ VXEVHTXHQWO\^ KHOG^ LVRWKHUPDOO\^ IRU^ 1 minute before data collection. Samples were prepared and analysed on a silicon wafer mounted to the hot stage using a heat-conducting paste. Bruker AXS D8 Advance: XRPD diffractograms were collected on a Bruker D8 diffractometer using Cu .Į^UDGLDWLRQ^^^^ kV, 40 P$^^DQG^D^LJ-^LJ^JRQLRPHWHU^ILWWHG^ZLWK^D^*H monochromator. The incident beam passes through a 2.0 mm divergence slit followed by a 0.2 mm anti-scatter slit and knife edge. The diffracted beam passes through an 8.0 mm receiving slit with 2.5° Soller slits followed by the Lynxeye Detector. The software used for data collection and analysis was Diffrac Plus XRD Commander and Diffrac Plus EVA respectively. Samples were run under ambient conditions as flat plate specimens using powder as received. The sample was prepared on a polished, zero-background (510) silicon wafer by gently pressing onto the flat surface or packed into a cut cavity. The sample was rotated in its own plane. The details of the standard Pharmorphix data collection method are as shown in Table 1. Angular range ^^WR^^^^^^LJ Step size 0.05° ^LJ Table 1. Details
When required, other methods for data collection are used with details as shown in Table 2.
Angular range ^^WR^^^^^^LJ Step size 0.06° ^LJ Table 2. Details
PANalytical Empyrean: XRPD diffractograms were collected on a PANalytical Empyrean diffractometer using Cu .Į^ UDGLDWLRQ^ ^^^ kV, 40 mA) in transmission geometry. A 0.5° slit, 4 mm mask and 0.04 rad Soller slits with a focusing mirror were used on the incident beam. A PIXcel3D detector, placed on the diffracted beam, was fitted with a receiving slit and 0.04 rad Soller slits. The software used for data collection was X’Pert Data Collector using X’Pert Operator Interface. The data were analysed and presented using Diffrac Plus EVA or HighScore Plus. Samples were prepared and analysed in a metal 96 well-plate in transmission mode. X-ray transparent film was used between the metal sheets on the metal well-plate and powders (approximately 1 – 2 mg) were used as received. The scan mode for the metal plate used the gonio scan axis. The details of the standard screening data collection method are as shown in Table 3. Angular range ^^^^WR^^^^^^^^LJ Step size 0.0130° ^LJ Table 3. Detai
Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction: Data were collected on a Rigaku Oxford Diffraction XtaLAB Synergy-S diffractometer equipped with a dualflex source (Cu at Zero), HyPix-6000HE detector and an Oxford Cryosystems Cobra cooling device. The data were collected using Cu KĮ radiation as stated in the experimental tables. Structures were solved and refined using the Shelx suite of programs (Sheldrick, George M., Acta Crystallogr A., 2008, A64, 112-122) and OLEX (Oleg V. Dolomanov, et al., J. Appl. Cryst., 2009, 42, 339-341) was used as an interface to view the structures with and produce figures. Unless otherwise stated, hydrogen atoms attached to carbon were placed geometrically and allowed to refine with a riding isotropic displacement parameter. All non-hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic displacement parameters. Hydrogen atoms attached to a heteroatom were located in a difference Fourier synthesis map and were allowed to refine freely with an isotropic displacement parameter. Hydrogen Bonding: Hydrogen bonding motifs were interpreted using Mercury.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC): TA Instruments Q2000: DSC data were collected on a TA Instruments Q2000 equipped with a 50 position auto-sampler. Typically, 0.5 - 2 mg of each sample, in a pin-holed aluminium pan, was heated at 10 ^&^PLQ^ IURP^^^ °C to 270 °C. A purge of dry nitrogen at 50 P/^PLQ^ZDV^ maintained over the sample. Modulated temperature DSC was carried out using an underlying heating rate of 2 ^&^PLQ^DQG^ temperature modulation parameters of ±0.636 °C (amplitude) every 60 seconds (period). The instrument control software was Advantage for Q Series and Thermal Advantage and the data were analysed using Universal Analysis or TRIOS. TA Instruments Discovery DSC: DSC data were collected on a TA Instruments Discovery DSC equipped with a 50 position auto-sampler. Typically, 0.5 - 2 mg of each sample, in a pin-holed aluminium pan, was heated at 10 ^&^PLQ^ IURP^^^ °C to 270 °C. A purge of dry nitrogen at 50 P/^PLQ^ZDV^PDLQWDLQHG^RYHU^WKH^VDPSOH^ The instrument control software was TRIOS and the data were analysed using TRIOS or Universal Analysis. Chemical Purity Determination by HPLC: 3XULW\^DQDO\VLV^ZDV^SHUIRUPHG^RQ^DQ^$JLOHQW^+3^^^^^,QILQLW\^,,^^^^^^VHULHV^V\VWHP^HTXLSSHG^ with a diode array detector and using OpenLAB software. The full method details are provided in Table 4. Parameter Value Type of method Reverse phase with gradient elution Table
Example 1 – salt of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate Process for preparing the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate: 25 mg of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate and 12.4 mg of ketoglutaric acid were weighed into a HPLC vial. The sample was wetted with 15 μL of solvent (DCM:MeOH at a 7:3 volume ratio or MeOH or THF). Two stainless steel grinding beads (3 mm diameter) were placed in the vials and the mixture milled using a planetary Fritsch Mill (Pulverisette 6) for 2 hours at 500 rpm. The obtained solid following RT drying was identified as the salt Methyl N-(6- benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate: ketoglutaric acid (12.4 mg, 2:1 stoichiometry by NMR, HPLC purity 99.9%). The XRPD overlay pattern of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate obtained experimentally and the one generated from simulated single crystal data is displayed in Fig. 1 showing characteristic peaks at 2theta values of 5.40°± 0.2°, 8.10°± 0.2°, 11.34°± 0.2°, 15.33°± 0.2°, 15.88°± 0.2°, 16.34°± 0.2°, 16.88°± 0.2°, 18.00°± 0.2°, 19.10°± 0.2°, 19.91°± 0.2°, 20.30°± 0.2°, 20.85°± 0.2°, 21.47°± 0.2°, 21.93°± 0.2°, 22.71°± 0.2°, 24.63°± 0.2°, 25.01°± 0.2°, 25.48°± 0.2°, 26.22°± 0.2°, 27.27°± 0.2°, 27.65°± 0.2°, 28.15°± 0.2°, 29.12°± 0.2°, 29.77°± 0.2°. Example 1 crystallises in the triclinic space group P-1. Crystallographic details and packing motifs of Example 1 are shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and Table 5. a = 5.3664(2) Į^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Z = 2 ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ’ Table 5. Unit cell d
The hydrogen bond formation of Example 1 is shown in Fig. 4 and Table 6. Table 6. Hydrogen bond formation data of Example 1.
The optical microscopy images of Example 1 are shown in Fig. 5. The images show Example 1 in a mixture of the formic acid, acetonitrile and water solution. The selected crystal shows measurements of 0.45 x 0.02 x 0.01 mm. Due to weak scattering power of the selected crystal, X-ray data were collected with a longer exposure of 10 sec per frame (lower theta angles) and 45 second per frame (higher theta angle) using 0.5 ° scan width. The DSC thermal analysis of Example 1 is shown in Fig. 6. Example 2 – salt of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p- toluenesulphonate Process for preparing the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p- toluenesulphonate: 25 mg of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate and 14.6 mg of p- toluenesulphonic acid were weighed into a HPLC vial. The sample was wetted with 15 μL of solvent (DCM:MeOH at a 7:3 volume ratio or MeOH or THF). Two stainless steel grinding beads (3 mm diameter) were placed in the vials and the mixture milled using a planetary Fritsch Mill (Pulverisette 6) for 2 hours at 500 rpm. The obtained solid following RT drying was identified as the salt Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate (14.6 mg, HPLC purity 99.9%). The XRPD overlay pattern of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p- toluenesulphonate obtained experimentally and the one generated from simulated single crystal data is displayed in Fig. 7 showing characteristic peaks at 2theta values of 7.69°± 0.2°, 9.15°± 0.2°, 11.32°± 0.2°, 12.40°± 0.2°, 12.84°± 0.2°, 14.97°± 0.2°, 17.09°± 0.2°, 17.29°± 0.2°, 19.72°± 0.2°, 19.97°± 0.2°, 20.14°± 0.2°, 21.06°± 0.2°, 21.30°± 0.2°, 22.69°± 0.2°, 23.29°± 0.2°, 24.28°± 0.2°, 24.72°± 0.2°, 26.08°± 0.2°, 26.65°± 0.2°, 26.98°± 0.2°, 28.07°± 0.2°, 28.49°± 0.2°, 28.90°± 0.2°, 30.11°± 0.2°, 31.68°± 0.2°. Example 2 crystallises in the orthorhombic space group P212121. The crystal structure and crystal structure packing of Example 2 is shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10 and Table 7. a = 8.9982(5) Į^ ^^^^ Z = 4 ^ ^^^^ ’ Table 7. United cell da
The hydrogen bond formation of Example 2 is shown in Fig. 10 and Table 8.
Table 8. Hydrogen bond formation data of Example 2. The X-ray diffraction images for Example 2 are shown in Fig. 11. The images show Example 2 in a mixture of the formic acid, water and ethanol solution with solvent layering. The selected crystal shows measurements of 0.22 x 0.03 x 0.015 mm. Due to weak scattering power of the selected crystal, X-ray data were collected with a longer exposure of 10 sec per frame (lower theta angles) and 40 second per frame (higher theta angle) using 0.5 ° scan width. The DSC thermal analysis for Example 2 is shown in Fig. 12. Example 3 - Kinetic Solubility Assessment Aim: to compare the solubility properties of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate polymorph C to the salts of the present invention (Examples 1 and 2). General method: sufficient sample was suspended in 1.5 mL media for a maximum anticipated FRQFHQWUDWLRQ^RI^^^^PJ^P/^RI^WKH^IUHH^IRUP^RI^WKH^FRPSRXQG^^^7KH^UHVXOWLQJ^VXVSHQVLRQV^ZHUH^ then agitated at 25 °C at 750 rpm for 24 hours. After 0.5, 4 and 24 hours, the appearance was noted, and the pH of the saturated solution was measured. At these timepoints, 0.5 mL was removed and centrifuged at 13,400 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was then filtered through a glass ‘C’ fibre filter (Particle retention 1.2 μm), before dilution with base buffer as appropriate. Quantitation was by HPLC with reference to a standard solution of approximately ^^^^^PJ^P/^^^'LIIHUHQW^YROXPHV^RI^WKH^VWDQGDUG^^GLOXWHG^DQG^XQGLOXted sample solutions were injected. The solubility was calculated using the peak areas determined by the integration of the peak found at the same retention time as the principal peak in the standard injection.
Results: Timepoints T
Conclusion: the solubility properties of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate polymorph C and the salts of the present invention is summarised in Table 9. The Examples of the invention have increased solubility over a period of 30min to 24hrs and are expected to have improved pharmaceutical benefits versus the currently known polymorph C. Example 4 - Mouse PK Assessment Aim: to compare and evaluate the oral pharmacokinetic properties of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate polymorph C and the salts of the present invention in 6-8 week ROG^PDOH^&^^%/^^-^PLFH^ Compounds: for intravenous (IV) administration, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate polymorph C was formulated in 10% DMSO : 90% 2-hydroxypropyl-ǃ-cyclodextrin ^^^^^Z^Y^^DQG^DGPLQLVWHUHG^YLD^,9^ LQMHFWLRQ^DV^D^VLQJOH^GRVH^DW^^^ ^PJ^NJ^^ ^For per os (PO) administration, Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate polymorph C and Examples 1 and 2 were formulDWHG^ LQ^^^^Z^Y^^DT^^PHWK\OFHOOXORVH^^^^^^F3^#^^^^Z^Y^^DQG^ DGPLQLVWHUHG^ DV^ D^ VLQJOH^ GRVH^ E\^ RUDO^ JDYDJH^ DW^ ^^^ PJ^NJ^ IUHH^ 0HWK\O^ 1-(6-benzoyl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate equivalent. Blood sampling and analysis: for the purposes of bioanalysis, 0.015-0.03 mL of blood was sampled via the dorsal metatarsal vein at 0.083, 0.166, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours following IV administration of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate polymorph C, and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours following PO administration of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate polymorph C and Examples 1 and 2. Blood levels of the test compound were determined using LC-06^06^^DQG^:LQ1RQOLQ^^3KRHQL[TM, version 6.1) was used for pharmacokinetic calculations.
Results: Example T1/2 (h) Cmax AUC^ F F number (n /mL) (h*n /mL) (%) (% enzoyl-1H-
up, with the exception of * n = 6 mice/group. Conclusion: the oral pharmacokinetic properties of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate polymorph C and new Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate salt forms are summarised in Table 10. Examples 1 and 2 demonstrate increased C max (1609 - 1739 QJ^P/^^ DQG^ $8&^ (8553 - 8643 K^QJ^P/^^ RYHU^ 0HWK\O^ 1-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- \O^FDUEDPDWH^SRO\PRUSK^&^^^^^^QJ^P/^&max^^^^^^K^QJ^P/^$8&^) when administered orally at the same free Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate equivalent dose. When normalised to intravenous administration of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate polymorph C, Examples 1 and 2 additionally demonstrate improved oral bioavailability (71% - 74% F) and a reduced variability of oral bioavailability (8% - 31% coefficient of variation) when compared with Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate polymorph C (26% F; 144% coefficient of variation).
Claims
Claims 1. A salt of Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate, wherein the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate or Methyl N-(6-benzoyl- 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate, wherein the X-ray diffraction pattern of the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate ketoglutarate salt shows at least five characteristic peaks at 2theta values selected from 5.40°± 0.2°, 8.10°± 0.2°, 11.34°± 0.2°, 15.33°± 0.2°, 15.88°± 0.2°, 16.34°± 0.2°, 16.88°± 0.2°, 18.00°± 0.2°, 19.10°± 0.2°, 19.91°± 0.2°, 20.30°± 0.2°, 20.85°± 0.2°, 21.47°± 0.2°, 21.93°± 0.2°, 22.71°± 0.2°, 24.63°± 0.2°, 25.01°± 0.2°, 25.48°± 0.2°, 26.22°± 0.2°, 27.27°± 0.2°, 27.65°± 0.2°, 28.15°± 0.2°, 29.12°± 0.2°, and 29.77°± 0.2°; wherein the X-ray diffraction pattern of the Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate salt shows at least five characteristic peaks at 2theta values selected from 7.69°± 0.2°, 9.15°± 0.2°, 11.32°± 0.2°, 12.40°± 0.2°, 12.84°± 0.2°, 14.97°± 0.2°, 17.09°± 0.2°, 17.29°± 0.2°, 19.72°± 0.2°, 19.97°± 0.2°, 20.14°± 0.2°, 21.06°± 0.2°, 21.30°± 0.2°, 22.69°± 0.2°, 23.29°± 0.2°, 24.28°± 0.2°, 24.72°± 0.2°, 26.08°± 0.2°, 26.65°± 0.2°, 26.98°± 0.2°, 28.07°± 0.2°, 28.49°± 0.2°, 28.90°± 0.2°, 30.11°± 0.2°, and 31.68°± 0.2°.
2. The salt of claim 1 wherein the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate ketoglutarate.
3. The salt of claim 1 wherein the salt is Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate p-toluenesulphonate.
4. The salt of any preceding claim wherein the salt shows at least six of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in claim 1, preferably at least seven of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, more preferably at least eight of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values, such as all of their characteristic peaks at 2theta values as listed in claim 1.
5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the salt according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The salt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 for use in treating polycystic kidney disease (PKD).
7. The salt or pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6 wherein the PKD is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD).
8. The pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 5 to 7 wherein the composition is administered orally.
9. A process for preparing a salt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps: 1) mixing Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate with a weak acid and a crystallisation solvent; and 2) grinding the mixture obtained in step 1; wherein the weak acid is selected from ketoglutaric acid or p-toluenesulphonic acid.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the mixture obtained in step 2 is filtrated to obtain the salt.
11. The process of claim 9 or 10 wherein the crystallisation solvent is selected from dichloromethane, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, or a mixture thereof, preferably a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol.
12. The process of any one of claims 9 to 11 wherein the volume ratio of dichloromethane to methanol in the crystallisation solvent mixture of dichloromethane and methanol is between 4:1 and 1:1, preferably 3:1 and 3:2, and even more preferably wherein the volume ratio of dichloromethane to methanol is about 7:3.
13. The process of any one of claim 9 to 12 wherein the molar ratio of the weak acid to Methyl N-(6-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate is between 1.5:1 and 2.5:1, preferably 2:1.
14. The process of any one of claims 9 to 13 wherein the process for preparing a salt occurs at about room temperature.
15. The process of any one of claims 9 to 14 wherein the time for grinding the mixture in step 2 is between 0.25 hours and 3 hours.
16. The salt obtainable by the process of any one of claims 9 to 15.
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Title |
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CAIRA M R ET AL: "Structure of a 1:1 complex between the antihelmintic drug mebendazole and propionic acid", JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, SPRINGER US, NEW YORK, vol. 28, no. 1, 1 January 1998 (1998-01-01), pages 11 - 15, XP002404063, ISSN: 1074-1542, DOI: 10.1023/A:1021766300133 * |
DE PAULA KARINA ET AL: "Mebendazole Mesylate Monohydrate: A New Route to Improve the Solubility of Mebendazole Polymorphs", JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, vol. 102, no. 10, 1 October 2013 (2013-10-01), US, pages 3528 - 3538, XP093078589, ISSN: 0022-3549, DOI: 10.1002/jps.23658 * |
JIA-MEI CHEN ET AL: "Crystal engineering approach to improve the solubility of mebendazole", CRYSTENGCOMM, vol. 14, no. 19, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), pages 6221 - 6229, XP093078586, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2012/ce/c2ce25724f> * |
JIAMEI CHEN ET AL: "New Crystalline Forms of Mebendazole with n-Alkyl Carboxylic Acids: Neutral and Ionic Status", CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, ZHONGGUO KEXUEYUAN, CN, vol. 31, no. 5, 14 May 2013 (2013-05-14), pages 635 - 640, XP071928699, ISSN: 1001-604X, DOI: 10.1002/CJOC.201300217 * |
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