WO2024027935A1 - Convertisseur ca-cc et procédé de commande du convertisseur ca-cc - Google Patents

Convertisseur ca-cc et procédé de commande du convertisseur ca-cc Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024027935A1
WO2024027935A1 PCT/EP2022/072149 EP2022072149W WO2024027935A1 WO 2024027935 A1 WO2024027935 A1 WO 2024027935A1 EP 2022072149 W EP2022072149 W EP 2022072149W WO 2024027935 A1 WO2024027935 A1 WO 2024027935A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
converter
terminal
switching circuit
voltage
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/072149
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Piniwan Thiwanka Bandara Wijekoon
Anatolii TCAI
Original Assignee
Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to PCT/EP2022/072149 priority Critical patent/WO2024027935A1/fr
Priority to CN202280045146.0A priority patent/CN117795840A/zh
Publication of WO2024027935A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024027935A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4837—Flying capacitor converters

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to the field of power conversion between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) for power networks or power grids, in particular medium voltage AC (MVAC) power grids, e.g., for applications in data centers and EV charging stations.
  • the disclosure particularly relates to an AC to DC converter, a method for controlling such AC to DC converter, and an AC to DC converter arrangement.
  • the disclosure provides an AC/DC converter structure for high voltage applications for overcoming the above-described problems.
  • the disclosure provides a solution for a power converter circuit topology using low voltage semiconductor devices and a modulation technique and method for controlling such power converter circuit to achieve high voltage rectification.
  • SST is a Power Electronics based transformer that is controllable by a control unit. As compared to traditional AC/AC copper and iron based passive transformers, SST can perform additional tasks apart from AC/AC voltage transformation. SST can have different voltage levels and DC-DC/AC-DC/DC-AC conversions. Several level of protections can be implemented.
  • HVDC is a DC voltage grid in a range of higher than typically >100 kV. Typically used for bulk transport of high power.
  • PFC is a power electronics unit that improves the power factor characteristics and efficiency of AC/DC converters.
  • IGBT is a gate controlled semiconductor transistor switch which has up to very high current and high voltage characteristics, but the operation speed is comparatively slower than a MOSFET switch, switching power losses are higher.
  • MOSFET is a gate controlled semiconductor transistor switch which has up to medium current and medium voltage characteristics, but the operation speed is faster than IGBT. Switching power losses are typically lower than IGBT.
  • converters i.e., power electronic converters are described.
  • Power converters are applied for converting electric energy from one form to another, such as converting between AC and DC or DC and AC or between DC and DC.
  • Power converters can also change the voltage or frequency or some combination of these.
  • Power electronics converters (including some type of power electronics, such as transistors, diodes, etc.) are based on power electronics switches that can be actively controlled by applying ON/OFF logic (i.e., PWM operation, usually commanded by a closed loop control algorithm).
  • Rectifiers In Power Electronics, circuits used to convert AC voltages into DC voltages are called Rectifiers.
  • a 3-phase rectifier can be formed using 6 diodes, for example.
  • the DC bus voltage cannot be controlled, and the input current will contain undesirable current harmonics.
  • a simple circuit modification by adding bidirectional switches significantly improves the power quality of the rectifier. Due to the pulse- modulated behavior additional filtering by input inductors may be necessary.
  • the power can flow from AC/DC as well as DC/AC. This bi-directional power flow rectifier can be implemented by using a controlled switch at the positions of the passive diodes in the circuit.
  • the disclosure presents a novel rectifier topology and its method of operation to convert AC voltage from the utility grid to DC voltage to be used in high voltage applications such as SST, HVDC Transmission, UPS, etc.
  • the disclosure relates to an AC to DC converter, comprising: an AC terminal for receiving an AC voltage; a first DC terminal for providing a reference voltage; a second DC terminal for providing a positive DC voltage relative to the reference voltage; a third DC terminal for providing a negative DC voltage relative to the reference voltage; and at least two switching circuits connected in series, the at least two switching circuits being arranged to form a switch arrangement connecting the AC terminal with the three DC terminals, each switching circuit comprising three input terminals and three output terminals, wherein each output terminal of a switching circuit is connected with a respective input terminal of a subsequent switching circuit to form the switch arrangement; wherein the three input terminals of a first switching circuit of the switch arrangement are connected to the AC terminal; wherein a first output terminal of a last switching circuit of the switch arrangement is connected to the second DC terminal, a second output terminal of the last switching circuit is connected to the first DC terminal, and a third output terminal of the last switching circuit is connected to the third DC terminal, wherein each switching circuit comprises a
  • Such an AC to DC converter provides the technical advantage that due to the series connection of the switching circuits, low voltage devices can be applied. With the appropriate modulation scheme, dynamic and static voltage balancing of these low voltage devices can be achieved. Due to a novel modulation scheme, each low voltage building block (see switching circuits 110a, 110b, 110c in Figure 1) can be switched separately and therefore, overall dV/dt of the system is reduced. Therefore, simplified insulation and low EMI issues are advantages of this concept.
  • each controllable bidirectional switch comprises a control input for receiving a control signal, the control signal being formed to consecutively switch each of the controllable bidirectional switches of the switch arrangement according to a modulation scheme.
  • control signal can individually control each controllable bidirectional switch, thereby enabling dynamic and static voltage balancing and reduction of overall voltage peaks improving electromagnetic interference.
  • a first current path is formed by the first diode and the first capacitor of a respective switching circuit when the controllable bidirectional switch of the respective switching circuit is turned-off, and a second current path is formed by the controllable bidirectional switch of the respective switching circuit when the controllable bidirectional switch is turned-on.
  • a third current path is formed by the second diode and the second capacitor of a respective switching circuit when the controllable bidirectional switch of the respective switching circuit is turned-off, and a fourth current path is formed by the controllable bidirectional switch of the respective switching circuit when the controllable bidirectional switch is turned-on.
  • the switching circuits can be individually controlled one-by-one resulting in high accuracy of the voltage conversion and reduced distortion effects.
  • the disclosure relates to a method for controlling an AC to DC converter according to the first aspect described above, the method comprising: providing a control signal to the control inputs of each controllable bidirectional switch of the AC to DC converter, the control signal being formed to consecutively switch each of the controllable bidirectional switches of the switch arrangement according to a modulation scheme.
  • serially connected low voltage semiconductor devices i.e., the above-described switching circuits
  • the method allows for a dynamic and static voltage balancing of these low voltage devices. Based on the modulation scheme, each low voltage building block can be switched separately and therefore, the overall voltage change (dV/dt) of the system can be reduced which results in simplified insulation and low EMI issues.
  • the control signal is formed to: initiate a transfer of the AC to DC converter from a zero state in which the controllable bidirectional switches of each switching circuit are turned-off to an on state in which all controllable bidirectional switches are turned-on by consecutively turning-on the controllable bidirectional switches of each switching circuit one-by-one until the on state is reached.
  • control signal is formed to apply a pause between the consecutively switching of each of the controllable bidirectional switches.
  • control signal is formed to: initiate a transfer of the AC to DC converter from the on-state to the zero-state by consecutively turning-off the controllable bidirectional switches of each switching circuit one-by-one until the zero state is reached.
  • the first capacitors of each switching circuit are consecutively charged; and during the transfer of the AC to DC converter from the on state to the zero state, the first capacitors of each switching circuit are consecutively discharged.
  • a charging sequence for charging the first capacitors of each switching circuit during the transfer of the AC to DC converter from the zerostate to the on-state is opposite to a discharging sequence for discharging the first capacitors of each switching circuit during the transfer of the AC to DC converter from the on-state to the zero-state.
  • the disclosure relates to an AC to DC converter arrangement for a multi-phase system, the AC to DC converter arrangement comprising: a plurality of phase terminals of an AC power network; and a corresponding plurality of AC to DC converters according to the first aspect described above, wherein each AC terminal of an AC to DC converter of the plurality of AC to DC converters is connected to a respective one of the phase terminals.
  • Such AC to DC converter arrangement provides the advantage that high voltage high power AC/DC converters can be used for building the AC to DC converter arrangement. These high voltage high power AC/DC converters are highly efficient and lower in cost compared to existing solutions. Secondly the high power density for such power supplies can be achieved due to lower insulation requirements and the fact that in case of three phase, no power storage buffers are necessary as compared to existing SST technologies using input series structures or series connected devices with bulky snubbers.
  • the second DC terminals of the plurality of AC to DC converters are interconnected with each other to provide a positive DC voltage terminal of the AC to DC converter arrangement; and the third DC terminals of the plurality of AC to DC converters are interconnected with each other to provide a negative DC voltage terminal of the AC to DC converter arrangement.
  • the AC to DC converter arrangement is applicable to multiple input AC to DC conversion scenarios, including onboard charging of the EV, Input stage of the SST, PFC, UPS where high voltage grid interfacing is needed to cater the high power supply requirements to the load.
  • the controllable bidirectional switch of each switching circuit may comprise, for example, a combination of a controlled semiconductor switch with an uncontrolled semiconductor element.
  • the controlled semiconductor switch may comprise, for example a MOSFET or an IGBT.
  • the uncontrolled semiconductor element may comprise, for example a diode or an intrinsic body diode of a semiconductor element.
  • the controlled semiconductor switch may comprise, for example, a SiC (silicon carbide) MOSFET or a SiC IGBT.
  • the uncontrolled semiconductor element may be based on SiC semiconductor technology, for example.
  • the disclosure relates to a computer program product including computer executable code or computer executable instructions that, when executed, causes at least one computer to execute the method according to the second aspect described above.
  • the computer program product may run on a controller or a processor for controlling the abovedescribed AC to DC converter.
  • the disclosure relates to a computer-readable medium, storing instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to execute the method according to the second aspect described above.
  • a computer readable medium may be a non-transient readable storage medium.
  • the instructions stored on the computer-readable medium may be executed by a controller or a processor for controlling the above-described AC to DC converter.
  • the disclosure introduces a new design for an AC to DC converter which enables building of high voltage high power AC/DC converters which are highly efficient and lower in cost compared to existing solutions. Secondly, the high power density for such power supplies can be achieved due to lower insulation requirements and the fact that in case of three phase, no power storage buffers are necessary as compared to existing SST technologies using input series structures or series connected devices with bulky snubbers.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an AC to DC converter 100 according to the disclosure
  • Figure 2 shows a system architecture of a 3-phase high voltage rectifier 200 using the AC to DC converters 100 shown in Figure 1 for each phase;
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a 3-phase high voltage rectifier 200 using multiple building blocks 100a, 100b, 100c of the AC to DC converter 100 shown in Figure 1 for each phase;
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram of an AC to DC converter arrangement 200 using the building blocks 100a, 100b, 100c of the AC to DC converter 100 shown in Figure 1 for each phase;
  • Figures 5a), b), c) and d) show four circuit diagrams representing the operation of the switching structure with only two low voltage branches, representing the case with positive current direction;
  • Figures 6a), b), c) and d) show four circuit diagrams representing the operation of the switching structure with only two low voltage branches, representing the case with negative current direction;
  • Figure 7 shows an exemplary switching sequence 700 in the form of a table for the bidirectional switches of an AC to DC converter 100 as shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 8 shows a phase leg example for the 3-phase system architecture 200 shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 9a) to 9e) show five example implementations for a bidirectional controlled switch as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an AC to DC converter 100 according to the disclosure.
  • the AC to DC converter 100 comprises: an AC terminal 101 for receiving an AC voltage (A); a first DC terminal 103 for providing a reference voltage (N); a second DC terminal 102 for providing a positive DC voltage (DC+) relative to the reference voltage (N); and a third DC terminal 104 for providing a negative DC voltage (DC-) relative to the reference voltage (N).
  • the AC to DC converter 100 comprises at least two switching circuits 110a, 110b, 110c connected in series.
  • an exemplary number of three switching circuits 110a, 110b, 110c are shown.
  • the at least two switching circuits are arranged to form a switch arrangement 110 connecting the AC terminal 101 with the three DC terminals 102, 103, 104.
  • Each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c comprises three input terminals 111 , 112, 113 and three output terminals 114, 115, 116. Each output terminal of a switching circuit is connected with a respective input terminal of a subsequent switching circuit to form the switch arrangement 110.
  • the three input terminals 111 , 112, 113 of a first switching circuit 110a of the switch arrangement 110 are connected to the AC terminal 101.
  • a first output terminal 114 of a last switching circuit 110c of the switch arrangement 110 is connected to the second DC terminal 102.
  • a second output terminal 115 of the last switching circuit 110c is connected to the first DC terminal 103.
  • a third output terminal 116 of the last switching circuit 110c is connected to the third DC terminal 104.
  • Each switching circuit 110b comprises a controllable bidirectional switch T x configured to switch the second input terminal 112 to the second output terminal 115, a first diode DTX connected between the first input terminal 111 and the first output terminal 114, a second diode DBX connected between the third output terminal 116 and the third input terminal 113, a first capacitor CTX connected between the first output terminal 114 and the second output terminal 115, and a second capacitor CBX connected between the second output terminal 115 and the third output terminal 116.
  • each low voltage building block switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c
  • switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c
  • Each controllable bidirectional switch T x may comprise a control input for receiving a control signal 121.
  • the control signal 121 may be formed to consecutively switch each of the controllable bidirectional switches T x of the switch arrangement 110 according to a modulation scheme.
  • An example for such a modulation scheme 700 is shown in Figure 7.
  • Each of the controllable bidirectional switches T x can be switched separately according to the modulation scheme.
  • the first diode DTX and the controllable bidirectional switch T x can be connected through the first capacitor CTX.
  • the second diode DBX and the controllable bidirectional switch T x can be connected through the second capacitor CBX.
  • the first diode DTX is connected in forward direction between the first input terminal 111 and the first output terminal 114 and for each switching circuit (e.g., 110b), the second diode DBX is connected in forward direction between the third output terminal 116 and the third input terminal 113. Note that connection in reverse direction would not work.
  • the AC to DC converter 100 can be controlled by a method implementing a modulation scheme for switching the controllable bidirectional switches T x , Ti, TN of the switching circuits 110a, 110b, 110c.
  • Such a method may comprise: Providing a control signal 121 to the control inputs of each controllable bidirectional switch T x of the AC to DC converter 100.
  • the control signal 121 can be formed to consecutively switch each of the controllable bidirectional switches T x of the switch arrangement 110 according to a modulation scheme.
  • An example for such a modulation scheme 700 is shown in Figure 7.
  • the AC to DC converter shown in Figure 1 introduces a new converter structure for high voltage applications.
  • the new converter structure is based on a power converter circuit topology using low voltage semiconductor devices and the corresponding modulation technique or method to achieve high voltage rectification.
  • CT X and CB X are auxiliary capacitors. With the correct modulation scheme (method), dynamic and static voltage balancing of these low voltage devices are achieved.
  • each low voltage building block 110a, 110b, 11 Oc ean be switched separately and therefore, overall dV/dt of the system can be reduced. Therefore, simplified insulation and low EMI issues are one advantage of this new converter structure.
  • the rated voltage of the full structure 110 may be based on voltage blocking capability of a single structure (110a, 110b, 110c) times the number of such structures.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 represent exemplary configurations where a 3 phase AC/DC converter 200 is configured using three such structures 110a, 110b, 110c as presented in Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 shows a system architecture of a 3-phase high voltage rectifier 200 using the AC to DC converters 100 shown in Figure 1 for each phase.
  • the 3-phase high voltage rectifier 200 is a special AC to DC converter arrangement 200 for a 3-phase system.
  • the 3-phase high voltage rectifier 200 comprises a plurality of three phase terminals 201 , 202, 203 of an AC power network 210; and a corresponding plurality of three AC to DC converters 100 as described above with respect to Figure 1.
  • Each AC terminal 101 of an AC to DC converter 100 of the plurality of AC to DC converters 100 is connected to a respective one of the phase terminals 201 , 202, 203.
  • the second DC terminals 102 of the plurality of AC to DC converters 100 may be interconnected with each other to provide a positive DC voltage (DC+) terminal 222 of the AC to DC converter arrangement.
  • the third DC terminals 104 of the plurality of AC to DC converters 100 may be interconnected with each other to provide a negative DC voltage (DC-) terminal 224 of the AC to DC converter arrangement 200.
  • DC- negative DC voltage
  • the first DC terminals 103 of the plurality of AC to DC converters 100 may be interconnected with each other to provide a reference voltage, e.g., ground, terminal 223 of the AC to DC converter arrangement 200.
  • a reference voltage e.g., ground
  • the AC to DC converter 100 is applicable to multiple input AC to DC conversion scenarios, including onboard charging of the EV, Input stage of the SST, PFC, UPS where high voltage grid interfacing is needed to cater the high-power supply requirements to the load.
  • Figure 2 shows one example of such application with three phase to DC rectification stage.
  • Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a 3-phase high voltage rectifier 200 using multiple building blocks 100a, 100b, 100c of the AC to DC converter 100 shown in Figure 1 for each phase.
  • the 3-phase high voltage rectifier 200 comprises a plurality of phase terminals 201 , 202, 203 of an AC power network 210 and a corresponding plurality of AC to DC converters 100 as described above with respect to Figure 1.
  • the AC to DC converters 100 comprise at least two switching circuits 110a, 110b, 110c, as shown in Figure 1 which are connected in series.
  • the switching circuits are arranged to form a switch arrangement 110 as shown in Figure 1 , connecting the AC terminal 101 with the three DC terminals 102, 103, 104.
  • each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c comprises three input terminals 111 , 112, 113 and three output terminals 114, 115, 116. Each output terminal of a switching circuit is connected with a respective input terminal of a subsequent switching circuit to form the switch arrangement 110.
  • the dashed line in Figure 3 illustrates that more than two switching circuits are included in each of the AC to DC converters 100 of the respective phases.
  • Figure 4 shows a block diagram of an AC to DC converter arrangement 200 using the building blocks 100a, 100b, 100c of the AC to DC converter 100 shown in Figure 1 for each phase.
  • the AC to DC converter arrangement 200 can be used for any multi-phase system, while the example in Figure 4 is directed to a 3-phase system.
  • the AC to DC converter arrangement 200 comprises: a plurality of phase terminals 201 , 202, 203 of an AC power network 210; and a corresponding plurality of AC to DC converters 100 as described above with respect to Figure 1.
  • Each AC terminal 101 of an AC to DC converter 100 of the plurality of AC to DC converters 100 may be connected to a respective one of the phase terminals 201 , 202, 203.
  • the second DC terminals 102 of the plurality of AC to DC converters 100 may be interconnected with each other to provide a positive DC voltage (DC+) terminal 222 of the AC to DC converter arrangement 200.
  • the third DC terminals 104 of the plurality of AC to DC converters 100 may be interconnected with each other to provide a negative DC voltage (DC-) terminal 224 of the AC to DC converter arrangement 200.
  • DC- negative DC voltage
  • Each phase i.e. A, B, C, ...
  • Each phase consists of at least N-top diodes, at least N-bottom diodes, N-top capacitors and N-bottom capacitors and N bidirectional switches.
  • DTX and T x are connected through capacitor CTX.
  • T X and DBX are connected through the capacitor CBX.
  • the Tx switches can be operated according to the modulation scheme 700 shown in Figure 7.
  • Figures 5a), b), c) and d) show four circuit diagrams representing the operation of the switching structure with only two low voltage branches, representing the case with positive current direction.
  • a first current path 501 , 503 (see Figures 5a and 5c) is formed by the first diode DTI and the first capacitor CTI of a respective switching circuit 110b when the controllable bidirectional switch Ti of the respective switching circuit 110b is turned-off.
  • a second current path 502 (see Figure 5b) is formed by the controllable bidirectional switch Ti of the respective switching circuit 110b when the controllable bidirectional switch Ti is turned-on.
  • the current path from the AC-terminal to the DC-terminal is the capacitor and the diodes.
  • the current flows through the capacitor CT2, slightly discharging it and decreasing the voltage by several volts, and then through the diode DTI into the DC-bus.
  • the Ti is turned-on and the bidirectional unit is fully on.
  • T2 is turned-off first and the current flows through DT2 into the CT2 followed by the Ti, as shown in Figure 5c. After another short pause, Ti is also turned-off.
  • Figures 6a), b), c) and d) show four circuit diagrams representing the operation of the switching structure with only two low voltage branches, representing the case with negative current direction.
  • a third current path 601 , 603 (see Figures 6a and 6c) is formed by the second diode DBI and the second capacitor CB2 of a respective switching circuit 110b when the controllable bidirectional switch Ti of the respective switching circuit 110b is turned-off, and a fourth current path 602 is formed by the controllable bidirectional switch Ti of the respective switching circuit 110b when the controllable bidirectional switch Ti is turned-on.
  • Figure 7 shows an exemplary switching sequence 700 in the form of a table for the bidirectional switches of an AC to DC converter 100 as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the table comprises for each controllable bidirectional switch T x , Ti, TN different switching states 701 , 702, 703 and respective switching patterns 711 , 710.
  • the modulation scheme or method shown in Figure 7 can be used for controlling the AC to DC converter 100 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the modulation scheme or method controls a switching of the controllable bidirectional switches T x , Ti, TN of the switching circuits 110a, 110b, 110c.
  • Such a method may comprise: Providing a control signal 121 to the control inputs of each controllable bidirectional switch T x of the AC to DC converter 100 as shown in Figure 1 , the control signal 121 being formed to consecutively switch each of the controllable bidirectional switches T x of the switch arrangement 110 according to a modulation scheme.
  • Figure 7 shown an example for such a modulation scheme 700.
  • the control signal 121 may be formed to initiate a transfer of the AC to DC converter 100 from a zero state 701 in which the controllable bidirectional switches T x of each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c are turned-off to an on state 702 in which all controllable bidirectional switches T x are turned-on by consecutively turning-on the controllable bidirectional switches T x of each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c one-by-one 703 until the on state 702 is reached.
  • the control signal 121 may be formed to apply a pause between the consecutively switching of each of the controllable bidirectional switches T x .
  • the control signal 121 may be formed to initiate a transfer of the AC to DC converter 100 from the on-state 702 to the zero-state 701 by consecutively turning-off the controllable bidirectional switches T x of each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c one-by-one 703 until the zero state 701 is reached.
  • the first capacitors CT X of each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c may be consecutively charged.
  • the first capacitors CT X of each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c may be consecutively discharged.
  • the charging sequence 710 for charging the first capacitors CTX of each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c during the transfer of the AC to DC converter 100 from the zero-state 701 to the on-state 702 may be opposite to a discharging sequence 711 for discharging the first capacitors CTX of each switching circuit 110a, 110b, 110c during the transfer of the AC to DC converter 100 from the on-state 702 to the zero-state 701 .
  • Figure 8 shows a phase leg example for the 3-phase system architecture 200 shown in Figure 2.
  • Phase C The voltage 801 at AC input 101 of the third phase (Phase C) is shown together with a phase leg example with six bidirectional switching arrangements according to the design shown in Figure 1.
  • the voltage 801 has a step-profile with the positive steps 1V, 2V, 3V, 4V, 5V, 6V and the negative steps 6V, 5V, 4V, 3V, 2V, 1V.
  • the voltage at the capacitors CTX and CBX of the switching circuits of the AC to DC converter 100 follows this step profile.
  • Figure 9a) to 9e) show five example implementations for a bidirectional controlled switch as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 9a shows the bi-directional control switch (BCS) symbol.
  • Figures 9b to 9e show various BCS implementations which can be applied in the AC to DC converter 100 shown in Figure 1. These configurations use a combination of both controlled semiconductor switches (IGBT, MOSFET, etc%) and uncontrolled semiconductors (diodes or intrinsic body diode of a device).
  • IGBT controlled semiconductor switches
  • MOSFET MOSFET
  • each switching circuit 110b shown in Figure 1 may, for example, comprise a combination of a controlled semiconductor switch with an uncontrolled semiconductor element.
  • the controlled semiconductor switch may, for example, comprise one of a MOSFET or IGBT.
  • the uncontrolled semiconductor element may, for example, comprise one of a diode or intrinsic body diode of a semiconductor element.
  • the controlled semiconductor switch may, for example, comprise one of an SiC MOSFET or an SiC IGBT.
  • the uncontrolled semiconductor element may, for example, be based on SiC semiconductor technology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

La divulgation se rapporte au domaine de la conversion de puissance entre un courant alternatif (CA) et un courant continu (CC) pour des réseaux électriques. La divulgation concerne en particulier un convertisseur CA-CC, un procédé de commande d'un tel convertisseur CA-CC, et un agencement de convertisseur CA-CC. Le convertisseur CA-CC (100) comprend : une borne CA (101) pour recevoir une tension CA (A) ; une première borne CC (103) pour fournir une tension de référence (N) ; une deuxième borne CC (102) pour fournir une tension CC positive (CC+) par rapport à la tension de référence (N) ; une troisième borne CC (104) pour fournir une tension CC négative (CC-) par rapport à la tension de référence (N) ; et au moins deux circuits de commutation (110a, 110b, 110c) connectés en série. En raison de la connexion en série des circuits de commutation, des dispositifs basse-tension peuvent être appliqués. Avec le schéma de modulation approprié, un équilibrage de tension dynamique et statique de ces dispositifs basse-tension peut être obtenu. En raison d'un nouveau schéma de modulation, chaque bloc de construction basse-tension (circuit de commutation 110a, 110b, 110c) peut être commuté séparément et, par conséquent, le dV/dt global du système est réduit. Par conséquent, l'isolation simplifiée et les points d'EMI faible sont les avantages de ce concept.
PCT/EP2022/072149 2022-08-05 2022-08-05 Convertisseur ca-cc et procédé de commande du convertisseur ca-cc WO2024027935A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2022/072149 WO2024027935A1 (fr) 2022-08-05 2022-08-05 Convertisseur ca-cc et procédé de commande du convertisseur ca-cc
CN202280045146.0A CN117795840A (zh) 2022-08-05 2022-08-05 Ac/dc转换器和控制ac/dc转换器的方法

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Citations (3)

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EP1501180A1 (fr) * 2003-07-23 2005-01-26 ABB Schweiz AG Circuit convertisseur
US20130044526A1 (en) * 2011-05-17 2013-02-21 Samir Soua 2n+1 level voltage inverter
EP4024694A1 (fr) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Module de condensateur volant et onduleur multiniveau

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EP1501180A1 (fr) * 2003-07-23 2005-01-26 ABB Schweiz AG Circuit convertisseur
US20130044526A1 (en) * 2011-05-17 2013-02-21 Samir Soua 2n+1 level voltage inverter
EP4024694A1 (fr) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Module de condensateur volant et onduleur multiniveau

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Title
LI YUZHUO ET AL: "Systematic Synthesis and Derivation of Multilevel Converters Using Common Topological Structures With Unified Matrix Models", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS, USA, vol. 35, no. 6, 21 October 2019 (2019-10-21), pages 5639 - 5659, XP011774595, ISSN: 0885-8993, [retrieved on 20200225], DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2948580 *
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