WO2024018684A1 - 状態判定装置 - Google Patents
状態判定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024018684A1 WO2024018684A1 PCT/JP2023/009600 JP2023009600W WO2024018684A1 WO 2024018684 A1 WO2024018684 A1 WO 2024018684A1 JP 2023009600 W JP2023009600 W JP 2023009600W WO 2024018684 A1 WO2024018684 A1 WO 2024018684A1
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- abnormality
- code verification
- electronic control
- communication
- control device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/50—Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems
- G06F21/55—Detecting local intrusion or implementing counter-measures
- G06F21/56—Computer malware detection or handling, e.g. anti-virus arrangements
- G06F21/566—Dynamic detection, i.e. detection performed at run-time, e.g. emulation, suspicious activities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0631—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using root cause analysis; using analysis of correlation between notifications, alarms or events based on decision criteria, e.g. hierarchy, tree or time analysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
- H04L43/0811—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1441—Countermeasures against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1466—Active attacks involving interception, injection, modification, spoofing of data unit addresses, e.g. hijacking, packet injection or TCP sequence number attacks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F2221/03—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/50, monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms
- G06F2221/034—Test or assess a computer or a system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a state determination device that determines the state of an electronic control unit installed in a vehicle.
- ECU electronice control unit
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which an in-vehicle control device stores a log with a high priority, and a server that transmits the log analyzes the cause.
- Patent Document 1 by considering the priority of logs, even a control device that does not have abundant resources can store important logs for a long period of time.
- a method for determining whether the cause of the failure is due to a malfunction or a cyber attack For example, if a problem related to a communication abnormality occurs, there is a possibility that the communication equipment has malfunctioned, or a cyber attack may have caused the communication abnormality. If we take measures based on the assumption that a failure is occurring when the actual cause is a cyber attack, the investigation of the cause will be delayed and the damage caused by the cyber attack will increase. On the other hand, if a countermeasure is taken based on the assumption of a cyber attack when the actual cause is a malfunction, unnecessary man-hours are required and the man-hour load increases.
- the present invention was created in view of the above problems, and by appropriately determining whether the cause of a malfunction in a vehicle is a malfunction or a cyber attack, it can be done quickly and in an appropriate amount of man-hours after a malfunction occurs in a vehicle.
- the purpose is to deal with it. Further features related to the invention will become apparent from the description herein and the accompanying drawings. Further, problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be made clear by the description of the following examples.
- a state determination device is a state determination device that determines an abnormal state of an electronic control device mounted on a vehicle, and is a state determination device that determines an abnormal state of an electronic control device installed in a vehicle.
- an external communication monitoring unit that monitors the presence or absence of communication between and an abnormality factor determination unit that determines the cause of the abnormality based on the presence or absence of communication, the result of code verification, and the presence or absence of an abnormality.
- a log analyzer when an abnormality occurs, by storing the result of determining whether the cause is a failure or a cyber attack as a log, a log analyzer can investigate the cause based on the determination result. This makes it possible to take action quickly and in an appropriate amount of man-hours after a vehicle malfunction occurs. Further features related to the invention will become apparent from the description herein and the accompanying drawings. Further, problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be made clear by the description of the following examples.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a state determination device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram showing the entire process executed by the state determination device. A list of expected processes when using off-vehicle services. A list of possible processes if you do not use off-vehicle services.
- 2 is a flowchart showing a process when the state determining device 1 determines the cause of an abnormality occurring in the monitored ECU.
- 5 is a flowchart illustrating an overview of primary determination processing of an abnormality factor.
- 7 is a flowchart showing an overview of secondary determination processing of an abnormality factor.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the data structure of a device error log. The figure which shows the data structure of the communication history outside a vehicle. The figure which shows the data structure of an abnormality factor determination result. A list of other possible processes if you do not use off-vehicle services.
- an example of a method of determining the cause of an abnormality based on abnormal log information acquired by an electronic control unit mounted on a vehicle is used.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a state determination device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the state determination device 1 is, for example, an independent ECU mounted on a vehicle, and is connected to other ECUs 3 and an external device 4 via a communication bus 2.
- the communication bus 2 is physically a plurality of communication buses, and the standards of these communication buses may all be the same or different. Standards of these communication buses include CAN (registered trademark), LIN (registered trademark), FlexRay (registered trademark), and Ethernet (registered trademark).
- the other ECU 3 is another ECU mounted on the vehicle, and the external device 4 may be a device, such as a server device owned by a supplier, that communicates with the in-vehicle ECU and instructs update etc., for example.
- the state determination device 1 includes a CPU (not shown), a ROM (not shown), and a RAM (not shown), and realizes the following functions by the CPU loading a program stored in the ROM into the RAM and executing it.
- the state determination device 1 is an independent ECU in the above, it may be provided in the ECU itself to be monitored, or it may be configured as an independent ECU to determine the state of multiple other ECUs to be monitored. may be determined. That is, the relationship between the state determination device 1 and the ECU to be monitored is not limited at all.
- the state determination device 1 includes a communication section 11, an external communication monitoring section 12, a code verification section 13, a device abnormality monitoring section 14, an abnormality factor determination section 15, and an abnormality handling section 16 as its functions.
- the state determination device 1 also includes a storage unit 100 that is a nonvolatile storage device.
- the storage unit 100 includes a code verification result 101 that holds code verification results of the condition determination device 1, a device abnormality log 102 that holds a log related to an abnormality in the condition determination device 1, and an external communication usage history that holds a usage history of external communication. 103, and an abnormality factor determination result 104 that holds the determination result of the cause of the abnormality.
- the communication unit 11 is a communication interface and a functional unit that performs calculations necessary for communication, and sends and receives messages to and from other ECUs 3 and external devices 4 via the communication bus 2.
- the communication bus 2 is physically composed of a plurality of communication buses.
- the state determination device 1 can use the communication unit 11 to collect information that can be used to determine the abnormal state of each device.
- the outside-vehicle communication monitoring unit 12 monitors the use of an API (Application Programming Interface) related to outside-vehicle communication provided by the state determination device 1, and registers the usage record in the storage unit 100 as an outside-vehicle communication usage history 103.
- the API may include a pre-designated API that is involved in outside-vehicle communication, even if it is not directly involved in outside-vehicle communication.
- the code verification unit 13 verifies whether or not the program executed in the state determination device 1 has been tampered with at a predetermined timing, and registers the verification result in the storage unit 100 as the code verification result 101 .
- the device abnormality monitoring unit 14 monitors processing results of security functions and abnormal events related to failures, and registers the monitoring results in the storage unit 100 as a device abnormality log 102.
- the abnormality factor determination unit 15 determines whether the cause of the device abnormality that has occurred is a failure or an attack based on the external communication usage history 103, the device abnormality log 102, and the code verification result 101, and uses the determination result as the abnormality factor. It is registered in the storage unit 100 as the determination result 104.
- the abnormality handling unit 16 determines and executes the contents of handling for the abnormality based on the abnormality factor determination result 104.
- FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing the entire process executed by the state determination device 1.
- the state determination device 1 first issues a code verification command signal to the code verification unit 13 at startup or after a predetermined period of time has passed after startup, and executes code verification (step 201). If the code verification is successful, the outside-vehicle communication monitoring unit 12 of the status determination device 1 continues to monitor whether or not the outside-vehicle service is provided from the outside-vehicle device 4 (step 202).
- the device abnormality monitoring unit 14 concurrently monitors whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the ECU to be monitored, and if an abnormality is detected, it saves it in the storage unit 100 as a device abnormality log 102 (step 203 ).
- a code verification command signal is issued again to the code verification unit 13 to execute code verification (step 204).
- the abnormality factor determination unit 15 determines the cause when an abnormality is detected (step 205).
- the status determination device 1 basically verifies codes such as secure boot at startup, monitors whether external services are provided from the external device 4, and determines whether an abnormality has occurred in the ECU to be monitored. Monitoring is performed from time to time. Based on these results, the cause of the abnormality is determined as detailed below.
- FIG. 3 is a list when the outside vehicle service from the outside device 4 is used
- FIG. 4 is a list when the outside service is not used.
- the external communication monitoring unit 12 determines that the monitored ECU has used the external service from the external device 4, and then the device abnormality monitoring unit 14 determines that the monitored ECU uses the external service from the external device 4. If an abnormality is detected, code verification is performed again as explained in FIG. If the result is failure, as shown in FIG. 3(a), the abnormality factor determination unit 15 determines that the abnormality occurring in the monitored ECU is due to an attack from the outside. Further, if the code verification is successful, as shown in FIG. 3(b), it is determined that the abnormality that occurred in the ECU to be monitored was not caused by an attack from the outside but was caused by a failure.
- the device abnormality monitoring unit 14 does not detect an abnormality in the ECU to be monitored, if the subsequent code verification fails as shown in FIGS. 3(c) and (d), the abnormality may be an attack. If the code verification is successful, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the monitored ECU. The above determination is made for the following reasons.
- code verification represented by secure boot has high reliability, and a successful code verification means that there is no abnormality in the ECU. Therefore, if the second code verification fails, there is a very high possibility that the system has been attacked by an external cyberattack. From the above, if the code verification that is executed again after a successful code verification fails, and if an off-vehicle service is used during that time, a third party will use that off-vehicle service to cyberattack the monitored ECU. It can be determined that an attack has been launched. However, as shown in Figure 3(b), even if an abnormality occurs in the monitored ECU, if the subsequent code verification is successful, it is determined that the abnormality is likely to be caused by a failure in the monitored ECU. Ru.
- FIG. 4 is a list of cases in which the ECU to be monitored does not use out-of-vehicle services, unlike the case in FIG. 3.
- the difference from FIG. 4 is that even if the device abnormality monitoring unit 14 detects an abnormality in the monitored ECU, the abnormality is determined to be caused by a failure rather than an attack. This is a point determined by the factor determination unit 15.
- code verification is highly reliable, and once code verification is successful, if an anomaly is detected without external access, there is almost no possibility of an external cyber attack. This is because it is thought that.
- the code verification fails after an abnormality is detected in the monitored ECU, as shown in Figure 4 (a), the abnormality is due to a malfunction in the memory in which the secure boot program is stored, or is not caused by wireless communication. It is determined that a direct physical attack may have occurred.
- a physical attack means direct unauthorized access to the wiring of a vehicle using a tool or the like. This physical attack is extremely difficult and does not immediately affect the large number of vehicles on the market, so it is managed as a risk factor on the same level as a breakdown. If the code verification after an abnormality is detected in the monitored ECU is successful, it is determined that the abnormality was caused by a failure, as shown in FIG. 4(b).
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a process when the state determining device 1 determines the cause of an abnormality occurring in the monitored ECU.
- the main body that executes each step described below is a CPU (not shown) of the state determination device 1.
- step 501 the code verification unit 13 verifies whether the program executed by the status determination device 1 has been tampered with, and registers the verification result in the storage unit 100 as the code verification result 101.
- Step 501 may be executed first when the monitored ECU is started, or may be executed at any timing.
- the code verification method may be code verification using a common key such as AES-CMAC, and the code verification method may be code verification using a common key such as AES-CMAC, and the code verification method may be code verification using a common key such as AES-CMAC.
- the common key is stored, and the result of the AES-CMAC operation based on the program in the area to be verified and the common key is compared with the expected verification value stored in an area whose integrity has been ensured in advance, and if they match. If there is, it may be determined that the data has not been tampered with.
- code verification using a public key such as RSA or ECDSA may be used.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the code verification result 101 registered by the code verification section 13 in step 501 above.
- the code verification result 101 holds information consisting of the verification result 1011. For example, if it is determined that there is tampering in the code verification, the verification result 1011 is determined to be abnormal, and if it is determined that there is no tampering in the code verification, the verification result 1011 is determined to be no abnormality.
- the abnormality factor determination unit 15 determines whether there is a primary determination result.
- the primary determination which will be described in detail later, is the content of the result when the code verification executed up to that point is successful and when the external communication monitoring unit 12 monitors. If there is already a primary determination result, the process advances to step 507; if there is no primary determination result, the process advances to step 503.
- the state determination device 1 holds flag information indicating that the primary determination has been performed, and when the flag is 1, it is determined that there is a primary determination result, and when the flag is 0, there is no primary determination result. It can be determined that
- step 503 if the code verification unit 13 determines that there is no tampering (abnormality) in step 501, the process proceeds to step 505, and if it determines that tampering (abnormality) has occurred in step 501, the process proceeds to step 504.
- Step 504 is a case where there is no primary determination result and the code verification is abnormal. This means that an abnormality has occurred during the first code verification, and therefore, the abnormality factor determination unit 15 determines that the first operation malfunction is the cause of the abnormality that has occurred in the ECU to be monitored. If the ECU is activated even once during production in a factory, it can be guaranteed that it will not be attacked in a safe factory, and it can be determined that it is a problem in factory production such as a setting error in the program written to the ECU or a memory problem.
- step 505 the device abnormality monitoring unit 14 monitors the occurrence of an abnormality in the state determination device 1.
- an event indicating an abnormality as a processing result of a security function or an event indicating a device failure is detected as an abnormality, it is determined that a device abnormality has occurred, and the event is registered in the storage unit 100 as a device abnormality log 102.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the device abnormality log 102 registered by the device abnormality monitoring unit 14 in step 505 above.
- the device error log 102 includes an error type 1021 that distinguishes whether the log is based on a security function-related monitoring item or a failure-related monitoring item, a monitoring item 1022 indicating monitoring content, and each monitoring item. It holds information consisting of monitoring results 1023 indicating the presence or absence of an abnormality in an item. For example, when the cycle detection function detects an abnormality, the monitoring result 1023 associated with the cycle detection abnormality of the monitoring item 1022 indicates that there is an abnormality.
- step 506 the abnormality factor determination unit 15 performs a primary determination based on the monitoring results in step 505 above. Note that this step may also be performed when no abnormality is detected in step 505 above.
- FIG. 6 shows a processing flow in which the abnormality factor determining unit 15 performs the primary determination of the abnormality factor in step 506 above.
- the main body that executes each step described below is a CPU (not shown) of the state determination device 1.
- step 601 the external communication monitoring unit 12 acquires the history of the use of external communication by the state determination device 1 from the external communication usage history 103 in the storage unit 100 . At this time, only the outside communication history used after it was determined that there was no abnormality in the past code verification is left as a log as the outside communication history.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the outside-vehicle communication usage history 103 acquired by the outside-vehicle communication monitoring unit 12 in step 601 above.
- the off-vehicle communication usage history 103 consists of a monitoring item 1031 indicating an off-vehicle communication item to be monitored, and a usage history 1032 that is registered as being used when there is usage of an API or data transmission/reception related to the monitoring item. Retain information. Further, in addition to this information, the usage time, the number of times of usage, etc. may be included as a history, and the accuracy of information determination may be set based on this information.
- the abnormality factor determining unit 15 determines the abnormality factor based on whether or not external communication is used and the device abnormality. Specifically, as explained using FIGS. 3 and 4, if there is no usage history of external communication and a device abnormality has occurred, the abnormality factor determination unit 15 determines that there is a failure, and If there is a history of usage and a device abnormality has occurred, it is determined that it is an attack. Further, the abnormality factor determination unit 15 determines that there is no abnormality when there is a usage history of external communication and no device abnormality has occurred, and when there is no usage history of external communication and no device abnormality has occurred. It is determined that there is no abnormality. In this way, the primary determination result is obtained.
- step 507 the abnormality factor determining unit 15 performs a secondary determination of the abnormality factor based on the above primary determination result.
- FIG. 7 shows a processing flow in which the abnormality factor determining unit 15 performs secondary determination of the abnormality factor in step 507 above.
- the main body that executes each step described below is a CPU (not shown) of the state determination device 1.
- step 701 the abnormality factor determination unit 15 obtains the primary determination result from the abnormality cause determination result 104 in the storage unit 100.
- the abnormality factor determination unit 15 performs a secondary determination based on the code verification result in step 501 and the primary determination result obtained in step 701. Specifically, as explained using FIGS. 3 and 4, if the primary determination determines that it is an attack, and the latest code verification determines that there is no abnormality, the abnormality cause is updated to failure. If the first determination determines that it is an attack, and the latest code verification determines that there is an abnormality, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be an attack. At this time, information indicating higher accuracy may be added to the log. If it is determined that there is a failure in the first determination and that there is no abnormality in the latest code verification, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be a failure. At this time, information indicating failures other than those related to memory may be added to the log.
- the cause of the abnormality is determined to be a failure.
- information indicating a memory-related failure may be added to the log, or information indicating that the attack is physically directly via the control device or its communication bus 2 may be added to the log. If it is determined that there is no abnormality in the first determination, and if it is determined that there is no abnormality in the latest code verification, the cause of the abnormality is determined to be no abnormality.
- the cause of the abnormality is determined. Update to attack. If it is determined that there is no abnormality in the first judgment, and that there is an abnormality in the latest code verification, and there is no history of use of off-vehicle services during the period from the previous code verification with no abnormality to the latest code verification with abnormality, the cause of the abnormality is determined. Update to failure.
- the status determination device 1 updates the primary determination results as necessary based on the latest code verification results and primary determination results, thereby identifying the cause of the abnormality with higher accuracy. , it is possible to determine whether there is a failure.
- step 508 the abnormality handling unit 16 registers the corresponding log in the storage unit 100 as the abnormality factor determination result 104 based on the cause determination results in steps 504, step 506, and step 507, or registers the log in the storage unit 100 via the communication unit 11. device.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the abnormality factor determination result 104 registered by the abnormality handling unit 16 in step 508 above.
- the abnormality factor determination result 104 holds information including a type 1041 that distinguishes between a primary determination processing result and a secondary determination processing result, which will be described later, and a factor 1042 that indicates the cause of the abnormality.
- the information registered in the abnormality factor determination result 104 may be initialized in response to an external command, for example, at the timing when the abnormality that has occurred is resolved.
- the state determination device 1 can determine whether the cause of the abnormality is a failure or an attack, based on the usage history of external communication and the occurrence of a device abnormality.
- the person analyzing the recorded logs can start investigating the cause based on the determination result, so that after a problem occurs in a vehicle, it can be dealt with quickly and with an appropriate number of man-hours.
- the present invention can also be adopted as the following forms.
- ⁇ Correction of judgment results using dual-sided ROM and memory protection function The area where the code verification program is stored is used as double-sided memory (double bank) to ensure redundancy and standby after code verification on the startup side fails. Utilize the code verification results for surface activation to correct the judgment results. Furthermore, when the standby surface can be activated, an attempt is made to notify the VSOC (Vehicle Security Operation Center).
- VSOC Vehicle Security Operation Center
- the outside-vehicle service is a service related to updates such as reprogramming (Write type)
- ECU in addition to attack/failure determinations, error determinations are stored as a log.
- a state determination device is a state determination device that determines an abnormal state of an electronic control device installed in a vehicle, and is a state determination device that determines an abnormal state of an electronic control device installed in a vehicle, and is a state determination device that determines an abnormal state of an electronic control device installed in a vehicle.
- An external communication monitoring unit that monitors the presence or absence of an abnormality
- a code verification unit that performs code verification of the electronic control unit
- a device abnormality monitoring unit that monitors the presence or absence of an abnormality in the electronic control unit
- an abnormality factor that determines the cause of the abnormality.
- the abnormality factor determination section identifies the cause of the abnormality based on the presence or absence of communication, the result of code verification, and the presence or absence of an abnormality.
- the abnormality factor determination unit determines whether the abnormality has occurred or not. is determined to be caused by an attack from outside the vehicle. This makes it possible to first determine that the attack is an attack, thereby eliminating the risk of a delay in response and increased damage.
- the code verification section executes code verification of the electronic control device after the device abnormality monitoring section determines that an abnormality has occurred in the electronic control device, and the abnormality factor determination section determines whether the code verification result is normal. If so, correct the abnormality as being caused by a failure in the electronic control unit. As a result, even if a primary determination of attack is made, a secondary determination of failure is immediately made, making it possible to quickly take appropriate measures against an abnormality (failure).
- the code verification unit determines that the electronic control unit has been attacked from outside the vehicle. As a result, even if no abnormality occurs in the ECU to be monitored, it is possible to quickly determine an attack by using highly reliable code verification.
- the abnormality factor determination unit determines whether the abnormality has occurred in the electronic control unit. It is determined that the problem is caused by a device failure. This eliminates the need to make an attack judgment every time an abnormality occurs, and it is possible to take an appropriate and prompt response to the event.
- the code verification section executes code verification of the electronic control device when the device abnormality monitoring section determines that an abnormality has occurred in the electronic control device, and the abnormality factor determination section determines that the result of the code verification is abnormal. If so, it is determined that the abnormality is caused by a failure of the electronic control device or a physical attack from the outside. This allows not only failure but also physical attack to be considered as a possibility as a secondary determination, making it possible to take precautions against attacks.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible.
- the above-mentioned embodiments have been described in detail to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to embodiments having all the configurations described.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に関連する更なる特徴は、本明細書の記述、添付図面から明らかになるものである。また、上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は、以下の実施例の説明により明らかにされる。
本発明に関連する更なる特徴は、本明細書の記述、添付図面から明らかになるものである。また、上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は、以下の実施例の説明により明らかにされる。
以下、いくつかの変形例について説明する。
以上説明した実施例1においては、車外サービスを利用しない間に監視対象ECUに異常が生じたときには故障要因として1次判定していた(図4(a)、(b))。しかし、図9にて説明した通り、異常種別としては故障系の他にセキュリティ機能系もある。そこで、変形例においては、車外サービスを利用していないにも関わらずセキュリティ機能系の異常が生じたときには、図12に示すように一旦攻撃要因として1次判定し、ログを記録する。
・2面ROMとメモリ保護機能の仕組みを利用した判定結果の補正
コード検証プログラムが格納された領域を2面メモリ(ダブルバンク)として冗長性を担保し、起動面のコード検証が失敗後の待機面起動におけるコード検証結果を活用し、判定結果を補正する。また、待機面起動可能時は、VSOC(Vehicle Security Operation Center)への通知を試みる。
車外サービスの利用頻度(常時利用、1回/日、1回/週、1回/月、1回/年、1回/数年)によって判定の確からしさの重みが変わるため、より利用頻度の少ない車外サービスを用いた場合の判定の確度を高くする。
例えば、車外サービスがリプログラムのような更新(Write系)に関するサービスの場合、誤ったデータを設定してしまう過失を追加(ECUは、攻撃/故障判定に加えて、過失判定をログとして格納)する。
脆弱性が多く報告されているOSS(Open Source Software)の利用、Write系のサービスなどの利用後の攻撃の可能性を高くする。
故障系ログでも、通信系ログは通信相手の影響を受けるため、信頼性が通信相手のECU次第となってしまう。一方、メモリ異常、回路異常、起動異常の監視結果は、ECU内に閉じるため信頼性は高い。また、攻撃系ログでも、セキュアブートはECUに閉じた判断が可能なのに対して、他の攻撃系ログは、対向の影響を受けるため、信頼性が対向次第になってしまう。このように、監視対象ECUで閉じた事象なのか、通信相手等の対向が存在するか、等によって確度を変更させることができる。
(1)本発明の一実施例に係る状態判定装置は、車両に搭載された電子制御装置の異常状態を判定する状態判定装置であって、電子制御装置と車両の外部との間の通信の有無を監視する車外通信監視部と、電子制御装置のコード検証を実行するコード検証部と、電子制御装置の異常の発生の有無を監視する装置異常監視部と、異常の要因を判定する異常要因判定部と、を備え、異常要因判定部は、通信の有無、コード検証の結果及び異常の有無に基づいて異常の要因を特定する。
Claims (6)
- 車両に搭載された電子制御装置の異常状態を判定する状態判定装置であって、
前記電子制御装置と前記車両の外部との間の通信の有無を監視する車外通信監視部と、 前記電子制御装置のコード検証を実行するコード検証部と、
前記電子制御装置の異常の発生の有無を監視する装置異常監視部と、
前記異常の要因を判定する異常要因判定部と、を備え、
前記異常要因判定部は、前記通信の有無、前記コード検証の結果及び前記異常の有無に基づいて前記異常の要因を特定する、
ことを特徴とする状態判定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の状態判定装置であって、
前記異常要因判定部は、前記通信があったと前記車外通信監視部に判定された場合かつ該通信の発生後に前記電子制御装置に異常が発生したと前記装置異常監視部によって判定された場合に、該異常を、前記車両の外部からの攻撃に起因するものであると判定する、
ことを特徴とする状態判定装置。 - 請求項2に記載の状態判定装置であって、
前記コード検証部は、前記電子制御装置に異常が発生したと前記装置異常監視部によって判定された後に、前記電子制御装置のコード検証を実行し、
前記異常要因判定部は、前記コード検証の結果が正常であった場合、前記異常を、前記電子制御装置の故障に起因するものであると修正する、
ことを特徴とする状態判定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の状態判定装置であって、
前記コード検証部は、前記通信があったと前記車外通信監視部に判定された場合かつ該通信の発生後に前記電子制御装置に異常が発生したと前記装置異常監視部によって判定されなかった場合に前記電子制御装置のコード検証を実行し、
前記異常要因判定部は、前記コード検証の結果が異常であった場合に、前記電子制御装置に前記車両の外部からの攻撃が加えられたと判定する、
ことを特徴とする状態判定装置。 - 請求項1に記載の状態判定装置であって、
前記異常要因判定部は、前記通信があったと前記車外通信監視部に判定されなかった場合かつ前記電子制御装置に異常が発生したと前記装置異常監視部によって判定された場合に、該異常を、前記電子制御装置の故障に起因するものであると判定する、
ことを特徴とする状態判定装置。 - 請求項5に記載の状態判定装置であって、
前記コード検証部は、前記電子制御装置に異常が発生したと前記装置異常監視部によって判定された場合に前記電子制御装置のコード検証を実行し、
前記異常要因判定部は、前記コード検証の結果が異常であった場合に、前記異常が、前記電子制御装置の故障または外部からの物理的な攻撃に起因するものであると判定する、
ことを特徴とする状態判定装置。
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| DE112023002284.4T DE112023002284T5 (de) | 2022-07-19 | 2023-03-13 | Zustandsbestimmungsvorrichtung |
| CN202380050430.1A CN119487806A (zh) | 2022-07-19 | 2023-03-13 | 状态判定装置 |
| JP2024534923A JP7785946B2 (ja) | 2022-07-19 | 2023-03-13 | 状態判定装置 |
| US18/880,745 US20260003964A1 (en) | 2022-07-19 | 2023-03-13 | State determination device |
| JP2025227208A JP2026035810A (ja) | 2022-07-19 | 2025-12-03 | 状態判定装置 |
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| JP6184575B1 (ja) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-08-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | プログラム書き換え及び検証システム |
| WO2020075800A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 分析装置、分析システム、分析方法及びプログラム |
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| EP3860042B1 (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2023-08-02 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Corporation of America | In-vehicle network system, fraud-sensing electronic control unit, and anti-fraud method |
| DE112019006487B4 (de) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-12-28 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Elektronische Steuereinheit, elektronisches Steuersystem und Programm |
| JP7136046B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-15 | 2022-09-13 | 株式会社デンソー | 制御装置 |
| WO2021144860A1 (ja) | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-22 | パナソニック インテレクチュアル プロパティ コーポレーション オブ アメリカ | 車両ログ保存装置、車両ログ送信装置、車両ログ収集システムおよび車両ログ保存方法 |
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- 2023-03-13 WO PCT/JP2023/009600 patent/WO2024018684A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-13 DE DE112023002284.4T patent/DE112023002284T5/de active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP6184575B1 (ja) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-08-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | プログラム書き換え及び検証システム |
| WO2020075800A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 分析装置、分析システム、分析方法及びプログラム |
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| JP7785946B2 (ja) | 2025-12-15 |
| JP2026035810A (ja) | 2026-03-04 |
| DE112023002284T5 (de) | 2025-03-13 |
| US20260003964A1 (en) | 2026-01-01 |
| JPWO2024018684A1 (ja) | 2024-01-25 |
| CN119487806A (zh) | 2025-02-18 |
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