WO2024017148A1 - 一种气化炉 - Google Patents
一种气化炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024017148A1 WO2024017148A1 PCT/CN2023/107362 CN2023107362W WO2024017148A1 WO 2024017148 A1 WO2024017148 A1 WO 2024017148A1 CN 2023107362 W CN2023107362 W CN 2023107362W WO 2024017148 A1 WO2024017148 A1 WO 2024017148A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- atomizing nozzle
- ring pipe
- nozzles
- waste pot
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 101100298225 Caenorhabditis elegans pot-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 25
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
- C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/86—Other features combined with waste-heat boilers
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and in particular to a gasifier.
- a waste heat boiler is usually added to the gasifier to realize the recovery of gasification waste heat.
- the temperature of the high-temperature syngas in the gasifier is reduced from 1500°C to about 900°C after heat exchange on the heating surface of the radiant waste pot, and then flows to the lower quench chamber.
- chilling chambers generally use components such as chilling rings, downcomers, risers, or bubble breakers.
- the water-cooled wall at the lower part of the radiation waste pot is usually set in a tapered structure, because the molten ash will condense after cooling.
- the present disclosure provides a gasification furnace that can avoid strong erosion and wear or dust and slag accumulation caused by solid ash on the radiation waste pot or cooling device.
- an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a gasification furnace.
- the gasification furnace includes a shell, and at least a radiation waste pot and a quenching chamber are provided inside the shell from top to bottom.
- a cooling device includes a horizontally arranged cooling ring pipe and a plurality of first atomizing nozzles evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the cooling ring pipe, the cooling ring pipe is provided in the housing; a plurality of The first atomizing nozzle is arranged opposite to the outlet of the radiation waste pot, and the nozzles of the first atomizing nozzle are all facing the gas channel constructed by the outlet to cover the gas by ejecting coolant spray. aisle.
- the plurality of first atomizing nozzles are distributed in at least two upper and lower layers in the axial direction of the cooling ring, and the nozzles of the first atomizing nozzles of each layer are arranged in staggered directions.
- the radiation waste pot includes a waste pot assembly, and an annular baffle connected to the bottom of the waste pot assembly; the annular baffle is radially located between the cooling loop and the waste pot. between pot components.
- the distance between the first atomizing nozzle and the liquid level of the quench chamber is not less than 800 mm.
- the quenching chamber is provided with a cooling liquid inlet, and the cooling liquid inlet is connected with the cooling loop.
- a liquid inlet pipe is provided between the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling ring pipe, and the liquid inlet pipe includes a liquid inlet pipe that is 90 degrees to 150 degrees from the horizontal radial direction of the cooling ring pipe. part.
- a cooling jacket is provided on the housing around the quench chamber.
- a plurality of nozzles are evenly distributed on the cooling ring and face a second atomizing nozzle of the housing, so that the cooling liquid sprayed through the second atomizing nozzle is sprayed on the inner wall of the housing. Form a water curtain.
- the first atomizing nozzle includes a pressure atomizing nozzle; wherein,
- the opening angle of the spray ejected from the pressure atomizing nozzle is not greater than 60 degrees, and the droplet diameter is not greater than 1 mm.
- the cooling ring is provided with an annular slit to form an annular water curtain below the cooling ring; wherein the cooling ring is formed with at least two annular cavities, the first annular The cavity is connected to the first atomizing nozzle, and the second annular cavity is connected to the annular gap.
- a cooling ring is provided around the outlet of the radiation waste pot, and the first atomizing nozzles evenly distributed on the cooling ring are used to spray cooling Liquid spray is used to cool the high-temperature gas passing through the outlet.
- contact with solid ash can be avoided, which solves the problem of wear, dust accumulation or slagging caused by solid ash contact with the shrinkage structure of the radiation waste pot or cooling components. The problem.
- Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification furnace provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Components represented by reference numbers in the figure 1-shell; 2-radiation waste pot; 21-waste pot assembly; 22-annular baffle; 23-exit; 3-quenching chamber; 31-cooling device; 311-cooling ring pipe; 312-first atomizing nozzle; 313-liquid inlet pipe; 32-washing component; 33-coolant inlet.
- a specific device when a specific device is described as being between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intervening device between the specific device and the first device or the second device.
- the specific device When a specific device is described as being connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to the other device without an intervening device, or may not be directly connected to the other device but with an intervening device.
- the high-temperature syngas in the gasifier flows to the lower quench chamber 3 after exchanging heat on the heating surface of the radiant waste pot 2.
- the lower water-cooled wall of the radiant waste pot 2 usually adopts a tapered constriction structure to cool the high-temperature gas. , or set up a cooling cone, and the cone surface is protected by a water film.
- a cooling loop 311 is provided around the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2, and the cooling liquid is sprayed out by using the first atomizing nozzles 312 evenly distributed on the cooling loop 311.
- the structure is used for connection, which solves the problem of wear, dust accumulation or slagging caused by the contact between the ash and slag flowing out from the radiation waste pot 2 and the shrinkage structure of the radiation waste pot 2 or the cooling component.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a gasification furnace provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the gasification furnace provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a shell 1 , and at least a radiant waste pot 2 and a quenching chamber 3 are provided inside the shell 1 from top to bottom.
- the quenching chamber 3 is provided with a cooling device 31 to cool the high-temperature gas discharged from the radiation waste pot 2 through the cooling device 31 .
- the cooling device 31 includes a horizontally arranged cooling ring pipe 311 and a plurality of first atomizing nozzles 312 , and a plurality of the first atomizing nozzles 312 are evenly arranged on the circumference of the cooling ring pipe 311 .
- the cooling ring 311 is adapted to the shape of the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2 and can be roughly annular. For example, it can be formed of a pipe in an annular shape.
- the cooling ring 311 has a cavity inside.
- the cooling liquid is circulated through the cavity.
- the cooling loop 311 can be provided inside the housing 1 in any way, and is arranged near the periphery of the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2.
- the inner diameter of the cooling loop 311 is not smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2.
- first atomizing nozzles 312 can be arranged opposite the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2 to avoid the cooling loop 311 or the first atomizing nozzle 312 from being washed away or appearing by solid ash.
- the nozzles of the first atomizing nozzle 312 all face the gas channel constructed by the outlet 23 so as to cover the gas channel by ejecting coolant spray to cool down the high-temperature gas.
- a cooling loop 311 is provided around the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2, and the first atomizing nozzles 312 evenly distributed on the cooling loop 311 are used to spray cooling liquid spray to treat the high-temperature gas passing through the outlet 23. Cooling, thereby eliminating the need to form a shrinkage structure for connection, solves the problem of wear, dust accumulation or slagging caused by solid ash flowing out from the radiation waste pot 2 coming into contact with the shrinkage structure of the radiation waste pot 2 or the cooling component.
- the plurality of first atomizing nozzles 312 are distributed in two layers, upper and lower, in the axial direction of the cooling ring 311, and the first mist in each layer is The nozzles of the nozzles 312 are arranged in staggered directions.
- the plurality of first atomizing nozzles 312 are distributed in two or more layers in the axial direction of the cooling ring pipe 311 , and the first atomizing nozzles 312 of the same layer are evenly distributed on the circumference of the cooling ring pipe 311 Distributed and at the same level, the nozzles of the first atomizing nozzles 312 of different layers are arranged in staggered directions to form a spray that is uniform and has a wider coverage than when arranged in the same direction.
- the radiation waste pot 2 includes a waste pot assembly 21 and an annular baffle 22 connected to the bottom of the waste pot assembly 21; the annular baffle 22 is located radially on the cooling between the ring pipe 311 and the waste pot assembly 21.
- This embodiment aims to block the coolant spray by providing an annular baffle 22 to prevent the coolant spray from carrying wet solid ash into the waste pot assembly 21 .
- the waste pot assembly 21 can be configured according to the existing radiation waste pot 2 device, and the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2 is formed at the bottom of the waste pot assembly 21 .
- the annular baffle 22 is located between the cooling ring pipe 311 and the waste pot assembly 21 in the radial direction, and its size can be appropriately set according to the size of the waste pot assembly 21 .
- the annular baffle 22 can block the coolant spray carrying solid ash to prevent solid ash from accumulating on the waste pot assembly 21 .
- the distance between the first atomizing nozzle 312 and the liquid level of the quench chamber 3 is not less than 800 mm, so that the cooling spray can fully cool the high-temperature gas and also can The solid ash carried by the high-temperature gas is fully moistened.
- the quenching chamber 3 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 33, and the cooling liquid inlet 33 is connected with the cooling loop 311, so that the cooling liquid can enter the cooling liquid through the cooling liquid inlet 33. Circulation occurs in the cavity of the ring pipe 311.
- a liquid inlet pipe 313 is provided between the cooling liquid inlet 33 and the cooling ring pipe 311 .
- the liquid inlet pipe 313 includes an angle of 90 degrees to the horizontal radial direction of the cooling ring pipe 311 - 150 degree liquid inlet section.
- both ends of the liquid inlet pipe 313 are connected to the cooling liquid inlet 33 and the cooling ring pipe 311 respectively.
- a cooling jacket (not shown) is provided on the casing 1 around the quenching chamber 3.
- the cooling jacket forms a water film with the gas phase contact surface in the quenching chamber 3 to cool the casing. 1 to cool down and protect the housing 1 from overheating.
- a plurality of nozzles are evenly distributed on the cooling ring 311 toward the second atomizing nozzle (not shown) of the housing 1 to form a uniform spray, thereby passing through the second atomizing nozzle.
- the sprayed coolant spray forms a water curtain on the inner wall surface of the housing 1 so as to cool down the housing 1 through the water curtain and prevent the housing 1 from overheating.
- the first atomizing nozzle 312 includes a pressure atomizing nozzle; wherein the opening angle of the spray emitted by the pressure atomizing nozzle is not greater than 60 degrees, and the diameter of the atomized droplets is not greater than 1 mm.
- a pressure atomizing nozzle with a solid cone or a hollow cone can be used to improve the cooling effect by controlling the opening angle of the spray and the diameter of the atomized droplets.
- the cooling ring pipe 311 is provided with an annular seam (not shown) to form an annular water curtain below the cooling ring pipe 311; wherein, the cooling ring pipe 311 is formed with at least two An annular cavity (not shown), the first annular cavity is connected to the first atomizing nozzle 312, and the second annular cavity is connected to the annular gap.
- the annular gap may be a gap provided on the cooling ring pipe 311 and communicated with the cavity of the cooling ring pipe 311. The gap forms a circular shape along the circumference of the cooling ring pipe 311. .
- the first annular cavity is connected to the first atomizing nozzle 312, so that the first atomizing nozzle 312 can form cooling liquid.
- the second atomizing nozzles can be connected with the first annular cavity to form a cooling liquid spray.
- the cooling ring pipe 311 may be formed with three annular cavities.
- the first annular cavity is connected to the first atomizing nozzle 312
- the second annular cavity is connected to the annular gap
- the second annular cavity is connected to the annular gap.
- the annular cavity is connected to the second atomizing nozzle, so that the first atomizing nozzle 312, the annular gap and the second atomizing nozzle can respectively utilize the coolant from the respective connected cavities.
- the gasification products (including crude syngas and solid ash) exiting the radiation waste boiler 2 enter the quenching chamber 3, they are rapidly cooled by the cooling liquid spray formed by the cooling device 31, and then enter the washing assembly 32 of the quenching chamber 3 for washing.
- the crude syngas and black water flow out from the gas-liquid outlet at the lower part of the quenching chamber 3 through the washing component 32, and most of the ash and slag enters the bottom slag pool after being quenched.
- the lower part of the radiation waste pot 2 adopts an open design without the need for a shrinkage structure.
- the plurality of first atomizing nozzles 312 in the cooling device 31 are arranged opposite to the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2 to avoid the cooling loop 311 or
- the first atomizing nozzle 312 is washed away by solid ash or accumulates ash and slag.
- the coolant spray discharged from the first atomizing nozzle 312 covers the circulation channel of the rough syngas formed by the outlet 23 of the radiation waste pot 2, ensuring that the rough syngas is fully cooled and at the same time, most of the fly ash will be fully moistened. It is beneficial to the subsequent separation of fly ash from the crude synthesis gas.
- An annular baffle 22 is provided at the bottom of the waste pot assembly 21, which can prevent the spray from the first atomizing nozzle 312 from entering the inside of the waste radiation pot 2 assembly, thereby preventing the spray from entering the waste pot assembly 21 and then moistening the waste radiation pot 2 assembly, and the ash remains in the waste pot assembly 21.
- the radiation waste pot 2 components are adhered and accumulated.
Abstract
一种气化炉，所述气化炉包括壳体（1），所述壳体（1）的内部自上而下地至少设有辐射废锅（2）和激冷室（3），所述激冷室（3）设有冷却装置（31），所述冷却装置（31）包括水平设置的冷却环管（311），以及沿所述冷却环管（311）的周向均匀设置的多个第一雾化喷嘴（312），所述冷却环管（311）设于所述壳体（1）内；多个所述第一雾化喷嘴（312）与所述辐射废锅（2）的出口相对设置，且所述第一雾化喷嘴的喷嘴（312）均朝向由出口（23）构造的气体通道，以通过喷出冷却液喷雾覆盖所述气体通道。利用冷却环管（311）上均匀分布的第一雾化喷嘴（312）喷出冷却液喷雾，对通过辐射废锅出口（23）的高温气体进行冷却，从而无需形成缩口结构来进行连接，解决了固体灰渣对辐射废锅（2）或冷却部件的缩口结构接触而造成磨损、积灰或结渣的问题。
Description
本公开涉及煤化工技术领域，尤其涉及一种气化炉。
目前,为了提高煤气化的能效，通常是在气化炉上增加废热锅炉，以实现气化余热的回收。气化炉内的高温合成气经过辐射废锅受热面换热后温度由1500℃降低至900℃左右，然后流向下部激冷室。现有技术中，激冷室普遍采用激冷环、下降管、上升管或破泡板等部件，辐射废锅下部的水冷壁通常设为锥形结构，由于熔融状态的灰渣经冷却后会变成固态灰渣，对辐射废锅的下部水冷壁或激冷环、下降管等具有缩口结构的部件产生较强烈的冲刷磨损或积灰、积渣的现象，导致设备的运行及使用寿命受到影响。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述技术问题，本公开提供了一种气化炉，可以避免固体灰渣对辐射废锅或冷却装置产生较强烈的冲刷磨损或积灰、积渣。
为实现上述目的，本公开实施例提供了一种气化炉，所述气化炉包括壳体，所述壳体的内部自上而下地至少设有辐射废锅和激冷室，所述激冷室设有：
冷却装置，所述冷却装置包括水平设置的冷却环管、以及沿所述冷却环管的周向均匀设置的多个第一雾化喷嘴，所述冷却环管设于所述壳体内；多个所述第一雾化喷嘴与所述辐射废锅的出口相对设置，且所述第一雾化喷嘴的喷嘴均朝向由所述出口构造的气体通道，以通过喷出冷却液喷雾覆盖所述气体通道。
在一些实施例中，多个所述第一雾化喷嘴在所述冷却环管的轴向上至少分布为上下两层，各层的所述第一雾化喷嘴的喷嘴朝向交错布置。
在一些实施例中，所述辐射废锅包括废锅组件、以及与所述废锅组件的底部相连接的环形挡板；所述环形挡板在径向上位于所述冷却环管与所述废锅组件之间。
在一些实施例中，所述第一雾化喷嘴与所述激冷室的液面之间的距离不小于800毫米。
在一些实施例中，所述激冷室设有冷却液入口，所述冷却液入口与所述冷却环管连通。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却液入口与所述冷却环管之间设有进液管，所述进液管包括与所述冷却环管的水平半径方向呈90度-150度的进液段。
在一些实施例中，所述激冷室周围的壳体上设有冷却夹套。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却环管上均匀分布有多个喷嘴朝向壳体的第二雾化喷嘴，以通过所述第二雾化喷嘴喷出的冷却液喷雾在壳体的内壁面上形成水幕。
在一些实施例中，所述第一雾化喷嘴包括压力雾化喷嘴；其中，
所述压力雾化喷嘴喷出的喷雾的张角不大于60度，液滴直径不大于1毫米。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却环管上设有环缝，以在所述冷却环管的下方形成环形水幕；其中，所述冷却环管至少形成有两个环形空腔，第一环形空腔与所述第一雾化喷嘴连通，第二环形空腔与所述环缝连通。
与现有技术相比，本公开实施例的有益效果在于：本实施例中，通过在辐射废锅的出口周围设置冷却环管，利用冷却环管上均匀分布的第一雾化喷嘴喷出冷却液喷雾来对通过出口的高温气体进行冷却，冷却过程中能够避免与固体灰渣进行接触，解决了固体灰渣对辐射废锅或冷却部件的缩口结构接触而造成磨损、积灰或结渣的问题。
在不一定按比例绘制的附图中，相同的附图标记可以在不同的视图中描述相似的部件。具有字母后缀或不同字母后缀的相同附图标记可以表示相似部件的不同实例。附图大体上通过举例而不是限制的方式示出各种实施例，并且与说明书以及权利要求书一起用于对所公开的实施例进行说明。在适当的时候，在所有附图中使用相同的附图标记指代同一或相似的部分。这样的实施例是例证性的，而并非旨在作为本装置或方法的穷尽或排他实施例。
图1为本公开实施例提供的气化炉的结构示意图。
图中的附图标记所表示的构件：
1-壳体；2-辐射废锅；21-废锅组件；22-环形挡板；23-出口；3-激冷室；
31-冷却装置；311-冷却环管；312-第一雾化喷嘴；313-进液管；32-洗涤组件；33-冷却液入口。
1-壳体；2-辐射废锅；21-废锅组件；22-环形挡板；23-出口；3-激冷室；
31-冷却装置；311-冷却环管；312-第一雾化喷嘴；313-进液管；32-洗涤组件；33-冷却液入口。
为使本领域技术人员更好的理解本公开的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本公开作详细说明。下面结合附图和具体实施例对本公开的实施例作进一步详细描述，但不作为对本公开的限定。
本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指在该词前的要素涵盖在该词后列举的要素，并不排除也涵盖其他要素的可能。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在本公开中，当描述到特定器件位于第一器件和第二器件之间时，在该特定器件与第一器件或第二器件之间可以存在居间器件，也可以不存在居间器件。当描述到特定器件连接其它器件时，该特定器件可以与所述其它器件直接连接而不具有居间器件，也可以不与所述其它器件直接连接而具有居间器件。
本公开使用的所有术语(包括技术术语或者科学术语)与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员理解的含义相同，除非另外特别定义。还应当理解，在诸如通用字典中定义的术语应当被解释为具有与它们在相关技术的上下文中的含义相一致的含义，而不应用理想化或极度形式化的意义来解释，除非这里明确地这样定义。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
目前，气化炉内的高温合成气经过辐射废锅2受热面换热后流向下部激冷室3，辐射废锅2的下部水冷壁通常采用锥形缩口结构来对高温气体进行冷却降温处理，或设置冷却锥，锥面采用水膜保护。由于熔融状态的灰渣经辐射废锅2冷却后会变成固态渣，固态渣落至辐射废锅2下部水冷壁的锥形缩口结构或锥面上时，容易产生较强烈的冲刷磨损或积灰、积渣的现象，若水膜断裂，将影响设备的安全运行，导致安全事故的产生或设备的使用寿命受到影响。为了解决上述问题，本公开实施例的气化炉中，通过在辐射废锅2的出口23周围设置冷却环管311，利用冷却环管311上均匀分布的第一雾化喷嘴312喷出冷却液喷雾来对高温合成气进行冷却，从而无需形成缩口结
构来进行连接，解决了从辐射废锅2流出的灰渣与辐射废锅2或冷却部件的缩口结构接触而造成的磨损、积灰或结渣的问题。
图1示出了本公开实施例提供的气化炉的结构示意图。参见图1所示，本公开实施例提供的气化炉包括壳体1，所述壳体1的内部自上而下地至少设有辐射废锅2和激冷室3。所述激冷室3设有冷却装置31，以通过所述冷却装置31对从辐射废锅2排出的高温气体进行冷却。所述冷却装置31包括水平设置的冷却环管311和多个第一雾化喷嘴312，所述冷却环管311的圆周上均匀布置有多个所述第一雾化喷嘴312。所述冷却环管311与所述辐射废锅2的出口23的形状相适配，可大致呈圆环状，例如可由管材构造为圆环状形成，冷却环管311的内部构造有空腔，以通过该空腔容纳冷却液在其中进行流通。所述冷却环管311可以通过任意方式设于所述壳体1的内部，并布置于辐射废锅2的出口23外围附近，冷却环管311的内径不小于辐射废锅2的出口23的内径，使得其上多个均匀布置的第一雾化喷嘴312能与所述辐射废锅2的出口23相对设置，避免冷却环管311或第一雾化喷嘴312上受到固体灰渣的冲刷或出现积灰积渣的现象。所述第一雾化喷嘴312的喷嘴均朝向由所述出口23构造的气体通道，以通过喷出冷却液喷雾覆盖所述气体通道，对高温气体进行降温冷却处理。
本实施例中，通过在辐射废锅2的出口23周围设置冷却环管311，利用冷却环管311上均匀分布的第一雾化喷嘴312喷出冷却液喷雾来对通过出口23的高温气体进行冷却，从而无需形成缩口结构来进行连接，解决了从辐射废锅2流出的固体灰渣与辐射废锅2或冷却部件的缩口结构接触而造成磨损、积灰或结渣的问题。
为了进一步增强冷却喷雾的冷却效果，在一些实施例中，多个所述第一雾化喷嘴312在所述冷却环管311的轴向上分布为上下两层，各层的所述第一雾化喷嘴312的喷嘴朝向交错布置。本实施例中，多个第一雾化喷嘴312在所述冷却环管311的轴向上分布为两层或多层，同一层的第一雾化喷嘴312在冷却环管311的圆周上均匀分布，并处于同一水平高度，不同层的第一雾化喷嘴312的喷嘴朝向交错布置，以形成均匀且较同向布置时覆盖面更广的喷雾。
在一些实施例中，所述辐射废锅2包括废锅组件21、以及与所述废锅组件21的底部相连接的环形挡板22；所述环形挡板22在径向上位于所述冷却
环管311与所述废锅组件21之间。本实施例旨通过设置环形挡板22遮挡冷却液喷雾，以避免冷却液喷雾携带湿润的固体灰渣进入废锅组件21。本实施例中，所述废锅组件21可根据现有的辐射废锅2装置进行配置，废锅组件21的底部形成有所述辐射废锅2的出口23。所述环形挡板22在径向上位于所述冷却环管311与所述废锅组件21之间，其尺寸可以根据废锅组件21的尺寸进行适用性设置。在第一雾化喷嘴312的喷嘴朝向在水平方向以上时，所述环形挡板22能够对携带固体灰渣的冷却液喷雾进行遮挡，以避免固体灰渣在废锅组件21上堆积。
在一些实施例中，所述第一雾化喷嘴312与所述激冷室3的液面之间的距离不小于800毫米，以使得冷却喷雾可以对高温气体进行充分冷却降温，同时也可以对高温气体携带的固体灰渣进行充分湿润。
在一些实施例中，所述激冷室3设有冷却液入口33，所述冷却液入口33与所述冷却环管311连通，以使冷却液能通过所述冷却液入口33进入所述冷却环管311的空腔内流通。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却液入口33与所述冷却环管311之间设有进液管313，所述进液管313包括与所述冷却环管311的水平半径方向呈90度-150度的进液段。本实施例中，所述进液管313的两端分别与所述冷却液入口33和所述冷却环管311连通，冷却液通过冷却液入口33进入进液管313后，通过与所述冷却环管311的水平半径方向呈90度-150度的进液段时，能够产生一定的压力，以便于第一雾化喷嘴312将冷却液雾化后喷出。
在一些实施例中，所述激冷室3周围的壳体1上设有冷却夹套(未图示)，冷却夹套与激冷室3内的气相接触面形成水膜，以对壳体1进行降温和保护，避免壳体1过热。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却环管311上均匀分布有多个喷嘴朝向壳体1的第二雾化喷嘴(未图示)，以形成均匀的喷雾，从而通过所述第二雾化喷嘴喷出的冷却液喷雾在壳体1的内壁面上形成水幕，以通过水幕对壳体1进行降温，避免壳体1过热。
在一些实施例中，所述第一雾化喷嘴312包括压力雾化喷嘴；其中，所述压力雾化喷嘴喷出的喷雾的张角不大于60度，雾化液滴直径不大于1毫米。示例性的，在一些实际应用中，可以选用实心锥或空心锥的压力雾化喷嘴，通过控制喷雾的张角和雾化液滴的直径，提升冷却效果。
在一些实施例中，所述冷却环管311上设有环缝(未图示)，以在所述冷却环管311的下方形成环形水幕；其中，所述冷却环管311至少形成有两个环形空腔(未图示)，第一环形空腔与所述第一雾化喷嘴312连通，第二环形空腔与所述环缝连通。在一些具体的实施中，所述环缝可以是设于所述冷却环管311上的缝隙，并与冷却环管311的空腔连通，该缝隙沿所述冷却环管311的圆周形成圆形。在一些实际应用中，所述冷却环管311形成两个环形空腔的情况下，第一环形空腔与所述第一雾化喷嘴312连通，从而使得第一雾化喷嘴312能够形成冷却液喷雾，以对高温气体进行冷却降温处理；第二环形空腔与所述环缝连通，冷却液从第二环形空腔经环缝排出，形成水幕，以通过水幕避免高温气体与壳体1接触，对壳体1进行保护，避免壳体1过热。这种情况下，在所述冷却环管311上均匀分布有多个第二雾化喷嘴时，第二雾化喷嘴可以与第一环形空腔连通，以形成冷却液喷雾，在壳体1的内壁面上形成水幕，对壳体1进行保护。在一些实际应用中，所述冷却环管311可以形成有三个环形空腔，第一环形空腔与所述第一雾化喷嘴312连通，第二环形空腔与所述环缝连通，第二环形空腔与所述第二雾化喷嘴连通，从而第一雾化喷嘴312、环缝和第二雾化喷嘴能够分别从各自连通的空腔中对冷却液进行利用。
以下示例性的对本公开实施例的气化炉的工作原理进行一简要说明：
出辐射废锅2的气化产物(包括粗合成气和固体灰渣)进入激冷室3后，经冷却装置31形成的冷却液喷雾快速降温，之后进入激冷室3的洗涤组件32进行洗涤冷却，粗合成气和黑水经洗涤组件32从激冷室3下部气液出口流出，大部分灰渣被激冷后进入底部渣池。
辐射废锅2的下部采用敞口设计，无需设置缩口结构，冷却装置31中多个所述第一雾化喷嘴312与所述辐射废锅2的出口23相对设置，避免冷却环管311或第一雾化喷嘴312上受到固体灰渣的冲刷或出现积灰积渣的现象。第一雾化喷嘴312排出的冷却液喷雾覆盖由辐射废锅2的出口23构成的粗合成气的流通通道，保证粗合成气被充分冷却降温，同时大部分飞灰也会得到充分润湿，有利于后续粗合成气中飞灰分离。
废锅组件21的底部设置环形挡板22，可以阻止第一雾化喷嘴312的喷雾进入辐射废锅2组件内部，以防止喷雾进入废锅组件21后润湿辐射废锅2组件，灰渣在辐射废锅2组件上粘结、堆积。
此外，尽管已经在本文中描述了示例性实施例，其范围包括任何和所有基于本公开的具有等同元件、修改、省略、组合(例如，各种实施例交叉的方案)、改编或改变的实施例。权利要求书中的元件将被基于权利要求中采用的语言宽泛地解释，并不限于在本说明书中或本申请的实施期间所描述的示例，其示例将被解释为非排他性的。因此，本说明书和示例旨在仅被认为是示例，真正的范围和精神由以下权利要求以及其等同物的全部范围所指示。
以上描述旨在是说明性的而不是限制性的。例如，上述示例(或其一个或更多方案)可以彼此组合使用。例如本领域普通技术人员在阅读上述描述时可以使用其它实施例。另外，在上述具体实施方式中，各种特征可以被分组在一起以简单化本公开。这不应解释为一种不要求保护的公开的特征对于任一权利要求是必要的意图。相反，本公开的主题可以少于特定的公开的实施例的全部特征。从而，以下权利要求书作为示例或实施例在此并入具体实施方式中，其中每个权利要求独立地作为单独的实施例，并且考虑这些实施例可以以各种组合或排列彼此组合。本公开的范围应参照所附权利要求以及这些权利要求赋权的等同形式的全部范围来确定。
以上实施例仅为本公开的示例性实施例，不用于限制本公开，本公开的保护范围由权利要求书限定。本领域技术人员可以在本公开的实质和保护范围内，对本公开做出各种修改或等同替换，这种修改或等同替换也应视为落在本公开的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种气化炉，所述气化炉包括壳体，所述壳体的内部自上而下地至少设有辐射废锅和激冷室，其特征在于，所述激冷室设有：冷却装置，所述冷却装置包括水平设置的冷却环管、以及沿所述冷却环管的周向均匀设置的多个第一雾化喷嘴，所述冷却环管设于所述壳体内；多个所述第一雾化喷嘴与所述辐射废锅的出口相对设置，且所述第一雾化喷嘴的喷嘴均朝向由所述出口构造的气体通道，以通过喷出冷却液喷雾覆盖所述气体通道。
- 根据权利要求1所述的气化炉，其中，多个所述第一雾化喷嘴在所述冷却环管的轴向上至少分布为上下两层，各层的所述第一雾化喷嘴的喷嘴朝向交错布置。
- 根据权利要求1所述的气化炉，其中，所述辐射废锅包括废锅组件、以及与所述废锅组件的底部相连接的环形挡板；所述环形挡板在径向上位于所述冷却环管与所述废锅组件之间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的气化炉，其中，所述第一雾化喷嘴与所述激冷室的液面之间的距离不小于800毫米。
- 根据权利要求1所述的气化炉，其中，所述激冷室设有冷却液入口，所述冷却液入口与所述冷却环管连通。
- 根据权利要求5所述的气化炉，其中，所述冷却液入口与所述冷却环管之间设有进液管，所述进液管包括与所述冷却环管的水平半径方向呈90度-150度的进液段。
- 根据权利要求1所述的气化炉，其中，所述激冷室周围的壳体上设有冷却夹套。
- 根据权利要求1所述的气化炉，其中，所述冷却环管上均匀分布有多个喷嘴朝向壳体的第二雾化喷嘴，以通过所述第二雾化喷嘴喷出的冷却液喷雾在壳体的内壁面上形成水幕。
- 根据权利要求1-8中任一项权利要求所述的气化炉，其中，所述第一雾化喷嘴包括压力雾化喷嘴；其中，所述压力雾化喷嘴喷出的喷雾的张角不大于60度，液滴直径不大于1毫米。
- 根据权利要求9所述的气化炉，其中，所述冷却环管上设有环缝，以在所述冷却环管的下方形成环形水幕；其中，所述冷却环管至少形成有两个环形空腔，第一环形空腔与所述第一雾化喷嘴连通，第二环形空腔与所述环缝连通。
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| DE102016211869A1 (de) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kombinierter Freiraumquench für einen Flugstromvergasungsreaktor großer Leistung mit Quench- und Waschstufe |
| CN206843387U (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-01-05 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | 一种热能回收冷却装置 |
| WO2019196497A1 (zh) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-10-17 | 北京迈未科技有限公司 | 一种合成气显热回收装置和回收方法及气化炉 |
| CN210215267U (zh) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-03-31 | 鲁西化工集团股份有限公司 | 一种水激冷组合件 |
| CN217709330U (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-11-01 | 航天长征化学工程股份有限公司 | 一种气化炉 |
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