WO2024008218A1 - 一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024008218A1
WO2024008218A1 PCT/CN2023/120676 CN2023120676W WO2024008218A1 WO 2024008218 A1 WO2024008218 A1 WO 2024008218A1 CN 2023120676 W CN2023120676 W CN 2023120676W WO 2024008218 A1 WO2024008218 A1 WO 2024008218A1
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Prior art keywords
module
box
exhaust
air duct
row
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PCT/CN2023/120676
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁召荣
黄晨涛
杨晰
段涵
李渊
王璞汝
Original Assignee
西安铁路信号有限责任公司
通号（西安）轨道交通工业集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2024008218A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024008218A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02—Details
    • H05K5/0212—Condensation eliminators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02—Details
    • H05K5/0213—Venting apertures; Constructional details thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
    • H05K7/20209—Thermal management, e.g. fan control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/80—Water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to a humidity adjustment device in a box, and is suitable for boxes used in outdoor environments where water and moisture may enter. It is especially suitable for equipment with high safety requirements. For example, it is required that no additional power supply can be connected to the inside of the equipment. , or special equipment that requires that flammable and explosive materials cannot be introduced into the equipment.
  • Some equipment has very high requirements for its own safety and cannot be connected to the power supply at will to prevent it from affecting the normal operation of the equipment and causing danger.
  • Materials with a risk of burning or explosion cannot be installed inside the equipment, such as lithium batteries, to prevent damage to the equipment. cause danger.
  • For this type of equipment when using the method of actively discharging internal moisture, it is necessary to consider the fire-proof and explosion-proof structure, and no additional power supply can be connected to the box, and devices containing flammable and explosive materials cannot be installed inside the box.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a fire-proof and explosion-proof box dehumidification, dewatering and anti-condensation device and method, which can actively discharge moisture out of the box after water or moisture enters the box.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: it relates to a fire-proof and explosion-proof box for dehumidification, dewatering and anti-condensation.
  • the device and method are characterized in that it includes: a box shell with a mounting hole, an air duct module, and a control module.
  • One end of the air duct module extends from the mounting hole of the box shell into the box for fixation, and the control module
  • the module and the air duct module are threaded on the outside of the box.
  • the air duct module is composed of an air duct, a filter screen, a pressure ring, and a threaded sleeve.
  • the air duct has a stepped tubular structure, the filter screen is close to the internal step surface, the pressure ring is close to the filter screen, and the pressure ring is fixedly connected to the inner hole of the air duct.
  • the threaded sleeve is in the shape of a stepped tube and the inner hole is a threaded structure. The threaded sleeve is inserted from the small end of the air duct and is stopped at the step at the other end. Screw the external thread of the control module into the inner hole of the thread sleeve until the end of the control module is in close contact with the end of the air duct.
  • the control module consists of a fan, a labyrinth exhaust block, a main control PCB module, a power supply, an internal temperature and humidity module, and an external temperature and humidity module.
  • the labyrinth exhaust block has a ventilation duct connecting both ends.
  • a fan is installed at the air inlet end of the ventilation duct for ventilation.
  • the main control PCB module is close to the labyrinth air duct end of the labyrinth exhaust block and fixed to form a complete labyrinth air duct.
  • One end of the labyrinth air duct is connected to the air outlet end of the ventilation duct, and the other end is connected to the air outlet end of the ventilation duct.
  • the outside atmosphere is connected.
  • the power supply, fan, internal temperature and humidity module and external temperature and humidity module are connected to the main control PCB module respectively.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor in the internal temperature and humidity module is connected to the cavity inside the air duct module.
  • the external temperature and humidity module is connected to the outside atmosphere.
  • the medium temperature humidity sensor is connected to the outside atmosphere.
  • One end of the air duct module extends into the interior of the box from the installation hole of the box shell and is fixed by welding or riveting the air duct and the box shell together.
  • One end of the air duct module extends into the interior of the box from the installation hole of the box casing.
  • the locking ring is used to insert the air duct from the inside of the box casing and weld or rivet them together.
  • One end of the air duct module extends from the mounting hole of the box shell into the interior of the box.
  • the end of the air duct extending into the mounting hole of the box shell is an external thread
  • the locking ring is an internal thread.
  • the locking ring is from Screw the air duct inside the box shell and tighten it.
  • the sealed module has external threads and is threadedly connected to the thread sleeve. , the sealing module does not have a through hole connecting both ends of the external thread axis. After assembling the sealing module, the through hole of the air duct can be blocked, and the air inside and outside the box cannot be ventilated through this device.
  • the control module can be replaced with a labyrinth ventilation module.
  • the labyrinth ventilation module has an external thread and is sleeved with the thread. Threaded connection, the labyrinth ventilation module still has a through hole connecting both ends of the external thread axis, and there is a labyrinth ventilation structure at the other end connected to the through hole and the external atmosphere. After assembling the labyrinth ventilation module, the inside and outside of the box can pass through the labyrinth of the device Channels are naturally ventilated.
  • the evaporation waiting time H In order to save energy and improve efficiency, the internal water should be allowed to fully evaporate before continuing to actively exhaust. The interval between two active exhausts is called the evaporation waiting time H.
  • the evaporation waiting time H Steaming is a function of the current temperature and the effective volume inside the box and can be easily estimated. This function has a linear relationship with the square root of the current temperature and the effective volume of air inside the box.
  • the temperature difference judgment threshold ⁇ t is a threshold value used to judge whether the temperature inside and outside the box is consistent using the difference between the current internal temperature and the external temperature of the box. For example, it can be 1°C.
  • the humidity difference judgment threshold ⁇ RH is a threshold value used to judge whether exhaust is required based on the difference between the current internal humidity of the box and the external humidity. For example, it can be 2%.
  • the saturated water vapor pressure difference judgment threshold ⁇ VPD is a threshold value used to judge whether exhaust is required based on the distance between the current actual water vapor pressure inside and outside the box and the saturation degree. For example, it can be 0.1kPa.
  • the dew point judgment threshold ⁇ Td is the threshold used to judge whether exhaust is required based on the difference between the current internal and external dew points of the box. For example, it can be 0.2°C.
  • the anti-condensation exhaust start time is T row 1.
  • the temperature of the selected box location is relatively low before sunrise every day, and the anti-condensation exhaust procedure is started at the time.
  • Anti-condensation exhaust duration H row 1 the duration of the period when the temperature of the box is relatively low before sunrise every day, during which the time span of the anti-condensation exhaust procedure is executed;
  • the dehumidification and exhaust start time is T row 2.
  • the temperature of the selected box is relatively high every day, and the dehumidification and exhaust program starts at the time.
  • the duration of dehumidification and exhaust is H row 2 , which is the period of time when the temperature of the box is relatively high every day, and the time span during which the dehumidification and exhaust procedure is executed;
  • control module 4 After the control module 4 is powered on, it works according to the following procedures:
  • Step 1 Read the system anti-condensation exhaust working period parameters, including the anti-condensation exhaust starting time T row 1 and the anti-condensation exhaust duration H row 1 , read the system dehumidification exhaust working period parameters, including dehumidification The exhaust start time is T row 2 and the dehumidification exhaust duration is H row 2 ;
  • Step 2 Read in the determined dehumidification and exhaust working parameters, fan working time H blowing , evaporation waiting time H steaming , temperature difference judgment threshold ⁇ t, humidity difference judgment threshold ⁇ RH, saturated water vapor pressure difference judgment threshold ⁇ VPD, dew point judgment threshold ⁇ Td, and store it at the specified address;
  • Step 3 Read in the current time T
  • Step 4 If the difference between T and T row 1 or T row 1 + H row 1 or T row 2 or T row 2 + H row 2 is less than the specified value, an interrupt is generated, otherwise return to step three.
  • Interrupt handler Read the interrupt generation time T. If T row 1 ⁇ T ⁇ T row 1 + H row 1 , execute the anti-condensation exhaust program. If T row 2 ⁇ T ⁇ T row 2 + H row 2 , execute Dehumidification exhaust process, otherwise, stop the anti-condensation exhaust process and dehumidification exhaust process.
  • Step 2 If the absolute value of t A - t B is less than or equal to ⁇ t, and RH A - RH B is greater than or equal to ⁇ RH, start the fan to exhaust and start timing, jump to step five, otherwise go to the next step;
  • Step 3 Calculate the saturated vapor pressure difference VPD based on the current temperature and humidity values to VPD A represents the VPD value inside the box, VPD B represents the VPD value outside the box.
  • VPD B -VPD A ⁇ ⁇ VPD start the fan exhaust and start timing, jump to step five, otherwise go to the next step.
  • Step 4 Calculate the current dew point value Td A inside the box and the dew point value Td B of the environment outside the box.
  • Td A - Td B ⁇ ⁇ Td start the fan exhaust and start timing.
  • Step 5 Read in the timing time.
  • Step 6 Whether the timing time reaches the exhaust working time T row , if not, return to step 5.
  • Step 8 Standby and wait for the evaporation waiting time T to evaporate .
  • Step nine Clear the timer and return to step one.
  • Step 1 Read the current relative humidity and temperature value RH A of the internal temperature and humidity module, RH A is expressed as a percentage;
  • Step 2 If RH A is greater than or equal to 98% (this data can be adjusted according to the actual needs of the use site), start the fan exhaust and start timing, and enter the next step; otherwise, return to step one;
  • Step 3 Read in the timing time.
  • Step 4 Whether the timing time reaches the exhaust working time T row , if not, return to step three.
  • Step 5 Turn off the fan, clear the timer, and start the timer.
  • Step 6 Standby, wait for the timer to reach several times the evaporation waiting time p ⁇ T evaporation , the value of p is determined according to the actual situation of the use site.
  • Step 7 Clear the timer and return to step 1.
  • the control module After the control module detects that the humidity inside the box is greater than the humidity outside the box and exceeds the threshold, it can control the fan to discharge the humid gas inside the box, and at the same time, the relatively dry gas outside the box is replenished into the box.
  • the exhaust There are more water molecules in the box than the water molecules entering the box. Calculate the continuous ventilation time based on the effective volume of the box to prevent too much ineffective exhaust from wasting energy. Then continue to wait to allow the water in the box to After full evaporation, when the water in the box evaporates to saturation, the total amount of water molecules in the effective volume of the box no longer increases. At this time, the ventilation efficiency is the highest. Therefore, the shutdown waiting time is determined based on the current temperature and the effective volume of the box.
  • the control module monitors the difference between the humidity inside the box and the humidity outside the box. After multiple cycles, the water inside the box evaporates completely. , and discharged out of the box. If the humidity difference between the inside and outside of the box is less than the set threshold, the device will no longer exhaust, but the device will continue to monitor the difference between the humidity inside the box and the humidity outside the box after a certain interval. If the humidity inside the box is higher than the humidity outside the box, and the difference exceeds the set threshold, the control module starts the fan to continue exhausting. This basically maintains the humidity inside the box close to the humidity outside the box.
  • This pause mode prevents the fan from continuing to run and cause damage, and also maintains Efficiently discharge the moisture in the box and improve energy utilization. Especially when using batteries for power supply, the effective working time can be extended and as much water as possible in the box can be discharged.
  • a sealed module or a labyrinth ventilation module can be installed to replace the control module.
  • the air duct module can be installed The sealing of the inner hole completely isolates the gas exchange inside and outside here, and prevents the inflow or outflow of water.
  • the labyrinth ventilation module it can ensure the gas exchange inside and outside here, and when the water accumulation outside the box does not exceed the labyrinth air duct, Prevent rainwater from flowing into the box.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the air duct module.
  • the invention relates to a fire-proof and explosion-proof box dehumidification, dewatering and anti-condensation device and method.
  • the characteristic is that it includes: locking ring 1, box shell 2 with mounting holes, air duct module 3, control module 4.
  • the air duct module 3 consists of air duct 3-1, filter 3-2, Composed of a pressure ring 3-3 and a threaded sleeve 3-4.
  • the air duct 3-1 has a tubular structure with a stepped hole inside.
  • the filter 3-2 is close to the stepped surface of the inner hole of the air duct 3-1.
  • the pressure ring 3-3 tightly presses the filter screen 3-2 and the air duct.
  • the outer circumference of 3-1 is stepped, with at least two steps.
  • the threaded sleeve 3-4 is tubular, with steps in the inner hole and internal threads in the large hole. After the threaded sleeve 3-4 is inserted from one end of the air duct 3-1, The step at the other end of the air duct 3-1 is blocked and cannot come out, thus forming the air duct module 3.
  • the small end of the air duct 3-1 is an external thread
  • the inner hole of the locking ring 1 is an internal thread, which matches the external thread of the small end of the air duct 3-1.
  • the small end of the air duct 3-1 is connected to the box shell 2
  • the installation holes match and can be passed through and blocked by steps.
  • the small end of the air duct 3-1 is installed from the installation hole of the box shell 2. Penetrate, screw the locking ring 1 from the inside of the box shell 2 into the small end thread of the air duct 3-1, and tighten until the end surface of the locking ring 1 and the step surface of the air duct 3-1 clamp the box shell 2. In this way, the air duct module 3 is fixed on the box shell 2.
  • the control module 4 is composed of a fan 4-1, a labyrinth exhaust block 4-2, a main control PCB module 4-3, a power supply, an internal temperature and humidity module, and an external temperature and humidity module.
  • the labyrinth exhaust block 4-2 is hollow columnar.
  • the middle through hole forms a ventilation duct that connects both ends.
  • a fan is installed at the air inlet end of the ventilation duct.
  • the outer periphery of the air inlet end of the labyrinth exhaust block 4-2 is an external thread, which is connected with the thread sleeve 3-
  • the internal threads of 4 are matched, and the main control PCB module 4-3 is close to the end of the labyrinth air duct of the labyrinth exhaust block 4-2 and fixed to block the labyrinth air duct.
  • One end of the labyrinth air duct is connected to the air outlet end of the ventilation duct, and the other end One end is connected to the outside world, including the power supply, fan, internal temperature and humidity module and external
  • the temperature and humidity modules are respectively connected to the main control PCB module 4-3.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor in the internal temperature and humidity module is connected to the cavity of the air duct module 3 that accommodates the fan 4-1.
  • the temperature and humidity sensor in the external temperature and humidity module is connected to the external atmosphere.
  • the labyrinth exhaust block 4-2 is threaded with the threaded sleeve 3-4. Keep the outlet of the labyrinth exhaust block 4-2 that connects the labyrinth air duct to the outside atmosphere vertically downward, and rotate the threaded sleeve. 3-4 until the end of the labyrinth exhaust block 4-2 is close to the end of the air duct 3-1, check that everything is tightened and the connections are correct, and then start the control module 4 to start working.
  • a. Determine the working time H of the fan . According to the effective volume inside the box, calculate and determine the exhaust working time H.
  • the evaporation waiting time H is a function of the current temperature and the effective volume inside the box and can be easily estimated. This function has a linear relationship with the square root of the current temperature and the effective volume of air inside the box.
  • Temperature difference judgment threshold ⁇ t which is the threshold used to judge whether the temperature inside and outside the box is consistent using the difference between the current internal temperature and the external temperature of the box. For example, it can be 1°C.
  • the humidity difference judgment threshold ⁇ RH is based on the current difference between the internal humidity of the box and the external humidity.
  • the threshold for judging whether exhaust is required may be, for example, 2%.
  • the saturated water vapor pressure difference judgment threshold ⁇ VPD is a threshold value used to judge whether exhaust is required based on the distance between the current actual water vapor pressure inside and outside the box and the saturation degree. For example, it can be 0.1kPa.
  • the dew point judgment threshold ⁇ Td is the threshold used to judge whether exhaust is required based on the difference between the current internal and external dew points of the box. For example, it can be 0.2°C.
  • the device After that, the device performs drainage, dehumidification and anti-condensation according to the following principles.
  • the dehumidification and exhaust procedures are only performed every day during the high-temperature period when the water vapor inside the box has the highest proportion, and the anti-condensation exhaust process is performed during the pre-sunrise period when condensation is most likely. program and wait for the rest of the time. For example, if it is determined that anti-condensation exhaust will be performed between 3:00 and 6:00, and dehumidification and exhaust will be performed between 12:00 and 18:00, then the system will execute the dehumidification and exhaust process between 3:00 and 6:00, and after 6:00 The system is on standby until 12:00. The system performs the dehumidification and exhaust process between 12:00 and 18:00. After 18:00, the system is on standby until 3:00 on the next day.
  • anti-condensation exhaust and dehumidification exhaust are operated intermittently.
  • the time when the anti-condensation exhaust procedure starts is the start time of the anti-condensation exhaust process, which is recorded as T row 1 ;
  • the time span for executing the anti-condensation exhaust procedure is the duration of the anti-condensation exhaust, recorded as H row 1 ;
  • the time when the dehumidification and exhaust process starts is the dehumidification and exhaust start time, which is recorded as T row 2 ;
  • the main control PCB module 4-3 inputs relative humidity parameters and temperature parameters from the internal temperature and humidity module and the external temperature and humidity module.
  • the internal temperature and humidity measurement module is connected to the internal environment of the box shell 2, and measures the relative humidity and temperature values inside the box. They are recorded as RH A and t A respectively.
  • the external temperature and humidity module is connected to the external atmospheric environment of the box. The relative humidity and temperature values of the external atmospheric environment of the box are measured, which are recorded as RH B and t B respectively.
  • control module 4 After the control module 4 is powered on, it works according to the following procedures:
  • Step 1 Read the system anti-condensation exhaust working period parameters, including the anti-condensation exhaust starting time T row 1 and the anti-condensation exhaust duration H row 1 , read the system dehumidification exhaust working period parameters, including dehumidification The exhaust start time is T row 2 and the dehumidification exhaust duration is H row 2 ;
  • Step 2 Read in the determined dehumidification and exhaust working parameters, fan working time H blowing , evaporation waiting time H steaming , temperature difference judgment threshold ⁇ t, humidity difference judgment threshold ⁇ RH, saturated water vapor pressure difference judgment threshold ⁇ VPD, dew point judgment threshold ⁇ Td, and store it at the specified address;
  • Step 3 Read in the current time T
  • Step 4 If the difference between T and T row 1 or T row 1 + H row 1 or T row 2 or T row 2 + H row 2 is less than the specified value, an interrupt is generated, otherwise return to step three.
  • Interrupt handler Read the interrupt generation time T. If T row 1 ⁇ T ⁇ T row 1 + H row 1 , execute the anti-condensation exhaust program. If T row 2 ⁇ T ⁇ T row 2 + H row 2 , execute Dehumidification exhaust process, otherwise, stop the anti-condensation exhaust process and dehumidification exhaust process.
  • the dehumidification and exhaust procedure is carried out as follows.
  • Step 1 Read the current relative humidity and temperature values RH A and t A of the internal temperature and humidity module and the current relative humidity and temperature values RH B and t B of the external temperature and humidity module.
  • RH A and RH B are expressed in percentages;
  • Step 2 If the absolute value of t A - t B is less than or equal to ⁇ t, and RH A - RH B is greater than or equal to ⁇ RH, start the fan to exhaust and start timing, jump to step five, otherwise go to the next step;
  • Step 3 Calculate the saturated water vapor pressure difference VPD based on the current temperature and humidity values.
  • VPD A represents the VPD value inside the box
  • VPD B represents the VPD value outside the box.
  • Step 4 Calculate the current dew point value Td A inside the box and the dew point value Td B of the environment outside the box.
  • Td A - Td B ⁇ ⁇ Td start the fan exhaust and start timing.
  • Step 5 Read in the timing time.
  • Step 6 Whether the timing time reaches the exhaust working time T row , if not, return to step 5.
  • Step 7 Turn off the fan, clear the timer, and start the timer.
  • Step 8 Standby and wait for the evaporation waiting time T to evaporate .
  • Step nine Clear the timer and return to step one.
  • the anti-condensation exhaust procedure is carried out as follows.
  • Step 1 Read the current relative humidity and temperature values RH A and t A of the internal temperature and humidity module and the current relative humidity and temperature values RH B and t B of the external temperature and humidity module.
  • RH A and RH B are expressed in percentages;
  • Step 2 If RH A is greater than or equal to 98% (this data can be adjusted according to the actual needs of the use site), start the fan exhaust and start timing, and enter the next step; otherwise, return to step one;
  • Step 3 Read in the timing time.
  • Step 4 Whether the timing time reaches the exhaust working time T row , if not, return to step Step three.
  • Step 5 Turn off the fan, clear the timer, and start the timer.
  • Step 6 Standby, wait for the timer to reach several times the evaporation waiting time p ⁇ T evaporation , the value of p is determined according to the actual situation of the use site.
  • Step 7 Clear the timer and return to step 1.
  • the device is equipped with a sealing module or a labyrinth ventilation module.
  • the sealing module and labyrinth ventilation module have the same assembly threaded interface as the control module 4. , can be threaded with the internal thread of the thread sleeve 3-4.
  • the sealing module does not have a through hole connecting both ends of the external thread axis. After assembling the sealing module, the through hole of the air duct 3-1 can be blocked. Ventilation is carried out through this device; the labyrinth ventilation module still has a through hole connecting both ends of the external thread axis, and the through hole has a labyrinth structure. After the labyrinth ventilation module is assembled, the inside and outside of the box can be naturally ventilated through the labyrinth channel of the device .
  • Embodiment 1 A fire-proof and explosion-proof box dehumidification, dewatering and anti-condensation device and method as described in Embodiment 1, which is characterized in that the small end of the air duct 3-1 and the inner hole of the locking ring 1 are hole-axis matched, and are welded after assembly. Fixed, the rest is the same as Embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail.
  • Embodiment 1 A fire-proof and explosion-proof box dehumidification, dewatering and anti-condensation device and method as described in Embodiment 1, which is characterized in that the inner holes corresponding to the pressure ring 3-3 and the air duct 3-1 are threaded, and the pressure ring 3-3 The outer periphery is an external thread, and the corresponding inner hole of the air duct 3-1 is an internal thread. The rest is the same as Embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，该装置包括有安装孔的箱盒壳体，风管模组，控制模组，风管模组由风管、滤网、压环，螺纹套组成，风管模组固定箱盒壳体的安装孔，控制模组旋紧在螺纹套上，并与风管模组端面贴合，控制模组由风扇，迷宫排风块，主控PCB模块，电源，内部温湿度模块，外部温湿度模块组成，控制模组根据测得的内部及外部温湿度数据及其他计算数据和当前所处时刻，控制风扇主动排出箱盒内部空气或者待机，以用较小的能源消耗排出箱盒内部湿气或水分，且在此期间减少箱盒内部凝露的概率。在不发生凝露或者不会进水进潮气的季节，可以使用密封模组替换控制模组，以隔绝箱盒内外气体交换，或者用迷宫通风模组替换控制模组，实现盒内外气体自然交换。

Description

一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法 技术领域
本发明属于箱盒内湿度调节装置，适用于在户外环境使用，可能会进水，进潮气的箱盒，并且特别适用于安全性要求高的设备，例如，要求不能向设备内部接入额外电源，或者要求不能向设备内部引入易燃易爆材料的特殊设备。
背景技术
安装在户外的器材和设备均有箱盒类的壳体进行防护。为防止进水或者进潮气导致内部电气绝缘下降或者机械运动副之间相对运动不顺畅或者卡阻，通常需要及时维护或者采取排水防潮措施。主动排出设备内部潮气是非常有效的一种措施。
有的设备对自身安全性要求很高，不能随意接入电源，以防止影响设备正常工作而导致危险，不能在设备内部安装有燃烧、爆炸风险的材料，如锂电池等，以防止损坏设备而导致危险。对于这类设备，使用主动排出其内部潮气的方法时，需要考虑防火防爆的结构，并且不能向箱盒内接入额外的电源，不能将包含易燃易爆材料的装置安装在箱盒内部。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，在箱盒内进水或进潮气后，主动将潮气排出到箱盒外。
本发明的技术方案是：涉及一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露 装置和方法，其特征是，它包括：有安装孔的箱盒壳体，风管模组，控制模组，风管模组一端从箱盒壳体的安装孔伸入箱盒内部固定，控制模组与风管模组在箱盒外部螺纹连接。风管模组由风管、滤网、压环，螺纹套组成，风管为台阶管状结构，滤网紧贴内部台阶面，压环紧贴滤网，压环与风管内孔固定连接。风管外部至少两个台阶，螺纹套为台阶管状，内孔为螺纹结构，螺纹套从风管小端套入，在另一端的台阶处被止挡。控制模组的外螺纹旋入螺纹套内孔，直至控制模组端头与风管端头紧贴。
控制模组由风扇，迷宫排风块，主控PCB模块，电源，内部温湿度模块，外部温湿度模块组成，迷宫排风块有连通两端的通风道，通风道的进风端安装风扇，通风道的出风端有迷宫风道，主控PCB模块紧贴迷宫排风块的迷宫风道端并固定，形成完整的迷宫风道，迷宫风道一端与通风道的出风端连通，另一端与外界大气相通，电源、风扇、内部温湿度模块及外部温湿度模块分别与主控PCB模块连接，内部温湿度模块中温湿度传感器与风管模组连通箱盒内部的空腔相通，外部温湿度模块中温湿度传感器与外部大气相通。
所述的风管模组一端从箱盒壳体的安装孔伸入箱盒内部固定是将风管和箱盒壳体焊接或铆接在一起。
所述的风管模组一端从箱盒壳体的安装孔伸入箱盒内部固定是利用锁紧环从箱盒壳体内部套入风管并焊接或铆接在一起。
所述的风管模组一端从箱盒壳体的安装孔伸入箱盒内部固定是风管伸入箱盒壳体的安装孔端为外螺纹，锁紧环为内螺纹，锁紧环从 箱盒壳体内部旋入风管并旋紧。
所述的控制模组在不会发生结露的季节，或者控制模组使用电池供电，环境温度不能保证电池正常工作时，用密封模组替换，密封模组有外螺纹，与螺纹套螺纹连接，密封模组无连通外螺纹轴线两端的通孔，装配密封模组后可将风管的通孔封堵，箱盒内外不能通过该装置进行换气。
所述的控制模组在不会发生结露的季节，或者控制模组使用电池供电，环境温度不能保证电池正常工作时，用迷宫通风模组替换，迷宫通风模组有外螺纹，与螺纹套螺纹连接，迷宫通风模组仍具有连通外螺纹轴线两端的通孔，且在另一端有迷宫通风结构与通孔及外部大气相连，装配迷宫通风模组后，箱盒内外可以通过该装置的迷宫通道进行自然换气。
当供电受限时，需要使用电池供电，为降低能源消耗，延长工作时间，提高能效比，需在每天水汽占比高的温度最高时间段排气，其余时间段待机，为防止结露，需在每天日出前的温度最低时间段监测箱盒内部湿度是否接近饱和，在接近饱和的规定范围时进行排气。另外，排气为间歇工作模式，将箱盒内部的空气基本更换后停止排气，等待箱盒内部的水分继续蒸发至水汽占比达到一定程度，然后继续开始排气。为此，需要预先根据使用地点地理位置、季节、环境及对应箱盒尺寸参数等确定如下参数。
1.确定风扇工作时长H吹，根据箱盒内部的有效容积，计算并确定排风工作时长H吹，排风工作时长H吹与箱盒内部的有效容积L成 正比，与风扇的风量CFM成反比，可以表示为H吹＝K×L/CFM，K表示排风系数，可以实测确定，也可以估计，为了节能可以取接近1的值，为了提高箱盒内部积水排出效率，可以取比较大的数。
2.确定蒸发等待时长H蒸，为节能并提高效率，应让内部积水充分蒸发后再继续主动排气，两次主动排气的中间间隔时间称为蒸发等待时长H蒸，蒸发等待时长H蒸是当前温度和箱盒内部的有效容积的函数，可以进行简单估算。该函数与当前温度的开方和箱盒内部空气的有效容积均为线性关系。
3.温差判断阈值Δt，用当前箱盒内部温度和外部温度差值判断箱盒内外温度是否一致的阈值，例如可取为1℃，
4.湿度差判断阈值ΔRH，用当前箱盒内部湿度和外部湿度差数值判断是否需要排气的阈值，例如可取2％。
5.饱和水汽压差判断阈值ΔVPD，用当前箱盒内部和外部实际水汽压距离饱和的程度来判断是否需要排气的阈值，例如可取0.1kPa。
6.露点判断阈值ΔTd，用当前箱盒内部和外部露点差值判断是否需要排气的阈值，例如可取0.2℃。
7.防凝露排气开始时刻T排1，选取的箱盒所在地点每天日出前温度比较低，开始执行防凝露排气程序的时刻。
8.防凝露排气持续时长H排1，箱盒所在地点每天日出前温度比较低的持续时间段，在此期间执行防凝露排气程序的时间跨度；
9.除湿排气开始时刻T排2，选取的箱盒所在地点每天温度比较高，开始执行除湿排气程序的时刻。
10.除湿排气持续时长H排2，箱盒所在地点每天温度比较高的持续时间段，在此期间执行除湿排气程序的时间跨度；
控制模组4通电后按照如下程序工作：
步骤一：读入系统防凝露排气工作时段参数，包括防凝露排气开始时刻T排1及防凝露排气持续时长H排1，读入系统除湿排气工作时段参数，包括除湿排气开始时刻T排2及除湿排气持续时长H排2；
步骤二：读入已经确定的除湿排气工作参数，风扇工作时长H吹，蒸发等待时长H蒸，温差判断阈值Δt，湿度差判断阈值ΔRH，饱和水汽压差判断阈值ΔVPD，露点判断阈值ΔTd，并将其存储于规定地址；
步骤三：读入当前时刻T；
步骤四：若T与T排1或者T排1+H排1或者T排2或者T排2+H排2差值小于规定值，产生中断，否则返回步骤三。
中断处理程序：读入中断产生时刻T，若T排1≤T＜T排1+H排1，执行防凝露排气程序，若T排2≤T＜T排2+H排2，执行除湿排气程序，否则，停止防凝露排气程序及除湿排气程序。
所述的除湿排气程序按照如下步骤进行，
步骤一：读取内部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHA、tA及外部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHB、tB，RHA和RHB以百分数表示；
步骤二：若tA-tB的绝对值小等于Δt，且RHA-RHB大于等于ΔRH，启动风扇排气并开始计时，跳至步骤五，否则进入下一步；
步骤三：根据当前温度及湿度数值计算饱和水汽压差VPD，以 VPDA表示箱盒内部VPD数值，VPDB表示箱盒外部VPD数值，当VPDB-VPDA≥ΔVPD时，启动风扇排气并开始计时，跳至步骤五，否则进入下一步。
步骤四：计算当前箱盒内的露点数值TdA和箱盒外环境的露点数值TdB，当TdA-TdB≥ΔTd时，启动风扇排气并开始计时。
步骤五：读入计时时间。
步骤六：计时时间是否达到排风工作时长T排，若没有，返回步骤五。
步骤七：关闭风扇，计时器清零，启动计时器。
步骤八：待机，等待计时达到蒸发等待时长T蒸。
步骤九：计时器清零，返回步骤一。
所述的防凝露排气程序按如下步骤进行，
步骤一：读取内部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHA，RHA以百分数表示；
步骤二：若RHA大于等于98％(此数据根据使用现场实际需要可调整)时，启动风扇排气并开始计时，进入下一步，否则返回步骤一；
步骤三：读入计时时间。
步骤四：计时时间是否达到排风工作时长T排，若没有，返回步骤三。
步骤五：关闭风扇，计时器清零，启动计时器。
步骤六：待机，等待计时达到数倍的蒸发等待时长p×T蒸，p数值根据使用现场实际情况确定。
步骤七：计时器清零，返回步骤一。
本发明的优点是：
控制模组监测到箱盒内部湿度大于箱盒外部湿度且超过阈值后，即可控制风扇排出箱盒内的潮湿气体，同时箱盒外的相对干燥气体补充进箱盒，在此过程中，排出箱盒的水分子多于进入箱盒的水分子，根据箱盒有效容积计算出持续换气的时间，以防止太多的无效排气浪费能源，之后进行持续等待，以使箱盒内的水充分蒸发，箱盒内水蒸发至饱和时，箱盒有效容积内的水分子总量不再增大，此时开始继续换气效率最高，因此根据当前温度和箱盒有效容积确定停机等待时长，实际应用中结合除湿时限的需要进行估算停机等待时长即可，之后开始下一个循环，控制模块监测箱盒内部湿度和箱盒外部湿度差值，经过多次循环之后，箱盒内部的水蒸发完，并排出至箱盒外，箱盒内部和外部的湿度差小于设定阈值，则装置不再排气，但装置在间隔一定时间后，继续监测箱盒内部湿度和箱盒外部湿度差值，若箱盒内部湿度高于箱盒外部湿度，且差值超过设定阈值，则控制模组启动风扇继续排气，这样基本就维持了箱盒内部湿度接近箱盒外部湿度，当箱盒内部有积水时，通过排出箱盒内部湿气，使箱盒内部积水尽快蒸发，然后继续排出湿气，直至箱盒内部所有积水蒸发完，其内部湿度不再增大为止。当积水量比较多时，可能需要很多天的时间排气，但是在完全排出积水或者人工干预排出积水前，可以有效降低结露的概率。
这种停歇的模式可以防止风扇持续运转而导致损坏，也可以保持 高效的排出箱盒内的水分，提高能量利用率，尤其在使用电池进行供电时，可以延长有效工作时间，尽量多的排出箱盒内的水。
在不会结露或环境温度不能保证使用电池的控制模组正常工作的季节，可以安装密封模组或者迷宫通风模组，替换控制模组，安装密封模组时，可以实现对风管模组内孔的密封，完全隔绝此处内外气体交换，并防止水的流入或流出，安装迷宫通风模组时，可以保证此处内外气体交换，并在箱盒外部积水不超过迷宫风道时，防止雨水流入箱盒内。
下面将结合实施例附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。
附图说明
图1是一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置固定在箱盒壳体上的结构示意图。
图2是风管模组结构示意图。
图3是控制模组结构示意图。
图中：1、锁紧环；2、有安装孔的箱盒壳体；3、风管模组；3-1、风管；3-2、滤网；3-3、压环；3-4、螺纹套组成；4、控制模组；4-1、风扇；4-2、迷宫排风块；4-3、主控PCB模块；
具体实施方式
为进一步阐述本发明达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及方法，以下结合附图及实施例对本发明的具体实施方式、结构特征及其方法，详细说明如下。
实施例1
本发明涉及一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其 特征是，它包括：锁紧环1，有安装孔的箱盒壳体2，风管模组3，控制模组4，风管模组3由风管3-1、滤网3-2、压环3-3，螺纹套3-4组成，风管3-1为管状结构，内部为台阶孔状，滤网3-2紧贴风管3-1内孔的台阶面，压环3-3紧贴滤网3-2，压环3-3与风管3-1对应的内孔为过盈配合或焊接，压环3-3装配后紧紧压住滤网3-2，风管3-1外周为台阶状，至少存在两个台阶，螺纹套3-4为管状，内孔有台阶，大孔有内螺纹，螺纹套3-4从风管3-1的一端套入后，在风管3-1另一端的台阶处被止挡不能脱出，这样构成了风管模组3。
风管3-1的小端为外螺纹，锁紧环1的内孔为内螺纹，与风管3-1小端的外螺纹相配合，风管3-1的小端与箱盒壳体2的安装孔相配，可以从中穿过并被台阶止挡，风管模组3构成后，从箱盒壳体2的外部安装，风管3-1的小端从箱盒壳体2的安装孔穿入，锁紧环1从箱盒壳体2的内部旋入风管3-1的小端螺纹上，旋紧至锁紧环1端面与风管3-1台阶面夹紧箱盒壳体2，这样，风管模组3被固定在箱盒壳体2。
控制模组4由风扇4-1，迷宫排风块4-2，主控PCB模块4-3，电源，内部温湿度模块，外部温湿度模块组成，迷宫排风块4-2为中空柱状，中间通孔形成连通两端的通风道，通风道的进风端安装风扇，通风道的出风端有迷宫风道，迷宫排风块4-2进风端外周为外螺纹，与螺纹套3-4的内螺纹相配，主控PCB模块4-3紧贴迷宫排风块4-2的迷宫风道端头并固定，封堵迷宫风道，迷宫风道一端与通风道的出风端连通，另一端与外界相通，电源、风扇、内部温湿度模块及外部 温湿度模块分别与主控PCB模块4-3连接，内部温湿度模块中温湿度传感器与风管模组3容纳风扇4-1的空腔相通，外部温湿度模块中温湿度传感器与外部大气相通。
控制模组4装配完成后，迷宫排风块4-2与螺纹套3-4螺纹连接，保持迷宫排风块4-2迷宫风道与外界大气相通的出口竖直向下，旋动螺纹套3-4直至迷宫排风块4-2端头与风管3-1端头紧贴，检查各处紧固、连接无误后启动控制模组4开始工作。
控制模组4工作前需要根据箱盒具体情况确定以下除湿排气参数：
a.确定风扇工作时长H吹，根据箱盒内部的有效容积，计算并确定排风工作时长H吹，排风工作时长H吹与箱盒内部的有效容积L成正比，与风扇的风量CFM成反比，可以表示为H吹＝K×L/CFM，K表示排风系数，可以实测确定，也可以估计，为了节能可以取接近1的值，为了提高箱盒内部积水排出效率，可以取比较大的数。
b.确定蒸发等待时长H蒸，为节能并提高效率，应让内部积水充分蒸发后再继续主动排气，两次主动排气的中间间隔时间称为蒸发等待时长H蒸，蒸发等待时长H蒸是当前温度和箱盒内部的有效容积的函数，可以进行简单估算。该函数与当前温度的开方和箱盒内部空气的有效容积均为线性关系。
c.温差判断阈值Δt，用当前箱盒内部温度和外部温度差值判断箱盒内外温度是否一致的阈值，例如可取为1℃，
d.湿度差判断阈值ΔRH，用当前箱盒内部湿度和外部湿度差数值 判断是否需要排气的阈值，例如可取2％。
e.饱和水汽压差判断阈值ΔVPD，用当前箱盒内部和外部实际水汽压距离饱和的程度来判断是否需要排气的阈值，例如可取0.1kPa。
f.露点判断阈值ΔTd，用当前箱盒内部和外部露点差值判断是否需要排气的阈值，例如可取0.2℃。
之后，该装置按照如下原则进行排水除湿及防凝露。
根据24小时气温变化规律及凝露原理，每天仅在箱盒内部水汽占比最高的高温时间段内执行除湿排气程序，在最可能凝露的日出前时间段内执行防凝露排气程序，其余时间段内进行待机。比如，确定在3时至6时之间进行防凝露排气，在12时至18时之间进行除湿排气，则在3时到6时之间系统执行除湿排气程序，6时之后系统待机直至12时，12时到18时之间系统执行除湿排气程序，18时之后系统待机直至第二日3时。
为达到高效节能目的，防凝露排气和除湿排气均按照间歇工作进行。
定义：
开始执行防凝露排气程序的时刻为防凝露排气开始时刻，记为T排1；
执行防凝露排气程序的时间跨度为防凝露排气持续时长，记为H排1；
开始执行除湿排气程序的时刻为除湿排气开始时刻，记为T排2；
执行除湿排气程序的时间跨度为除湿排气持续时长，记为H排2；
主控PCB模块4-3从内部温湿度模块和外部温湿度模块输入相对湿度参数及温度参数，内部温湿度测量模块与箱盒壳体2内部环境相通，测量箱盒内部相对湿度及温度数值，分别记为RHA及tA，外部温湿度模块与箱盒外部大气环境相通，测量箱盒外部大气环境相对湿度及温度数值，分别记为RHB及tB。
控制模组4通电后按照如下程序工作：
步骤一：读入系统防凝露排气工作时段参数，包括防凝露排气开始时刻T排1及防凝露排气持续时长H排1，读入系统除湿排气工作时段参数，包括除湿排气开始时刻T排2及除湿排气持续时长H排2；
步骤二：读入已经确定的除湿排气工作参数，风扇工作时长H吹，蒸发等待时长H蒸，温差判断阈值Δt，湿度差判断阈值ΔRH，饱和水汽压差判断阈值ΔVPD，露点判断阈值ΔTd，并将其存储于规定地址；
步骤三：读入当前时刻T；
步骤四：若T与T排1或者T排1+H排1或者T排2或者T排2+H排2差值小于规定值，产生中断，否则返回步骤三。
中断处理程序：读入中断产生时刻T，若T排1≤T＜T排1+H排1，执行防凝露排气程序，若T排2≤T＜T排2+H排2，执行除湿排气程序，否则，停止防凝露排气程序及除湿排气程序。
除湿排气程序按如下步骤进行。
步骤一：读取内部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHA、tA及外部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHB、tB，RHA和RHB以百分数表示；
步骤二：若tA-tB的绝对值小等于Δt，且RHA-RHB大于等于ΔRH，启动风扇排气并开始计时，跳至步骤五，否则进入下一步；
步骤三：根据当前温度及湿度数值计算饱和水汽压差VPD，以VPDA表示箱盒内部VPD数值，VPDB表示箱盒外部VPD数值，当VPDB-VPDA≥ΔVPD时，启动风扇排气并开始计时，跳至步骤五，否则进入下一步。
步骤四：计算当前箱盒内的露点数值TdA和箱盒外环境的露点数值TdB，当TdA-TdB≥ΔTd时，启动风扇排气并开始计时。
步骤五：读入计时时间。
步骤六：计时时间是否达到排风工作时长T排，若没有，返回步骤五。
步骤七：关闭风扇，计时器清零，启动计时器。
步骤八：待机，等待计时达到蒸发等待时长T蒸。
步骤九：计时器清零，返回步骤一。
防凝露排气程序按如下步骤进行。
步骤一：读取内部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHA、tA及外部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHB、tB，RHA和RHB以百分数表示；
步骤二：若RHA大于等于98％(此数据根据使用现场实际需要可调整)时，启动风扇排气并开始计时，进入下一步，否则返回步骤一；
步骤三：读入计时时间。
步骤四：计时时间是否达到排风工作时长T排，若没有，返回步 骤三。
步骤五：关闭风扇，计时器清零，启动计时器。
步骤六：待机，等待计时达到数倍的蒸发等待时长p×T蒸，p数值根据使用现场实际情况确定。
步骤七：计时器清零，返回步骤一。
装置配套有密封模组或者迷宫通风模组，在不需要防凝露或者除湿排水的时候可以替换控制模组4，密封模组和迷宫通风模组具有和控制模组4一样的装配用螺纹接口，可与螺纹套3-4的内螺纹进行螺纹连接，密封模组无连通外螺纹轴线两端的通孔，装配密封模组后可将风管3-1的通孔封堵，箱盒内外不能通过该装置进行换气；迷宫通风模组仍具有连通外螺纹轴线两端的通孔，且通孔具有迷宫结构，装配迷宫通风模组后，箱盒内外可以通过该装置的迷宫通道进行自然换气。
实施例2
如实施例1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是风管3-1的小端与锁紧环1的内孔为孔轴配合，装配后焊接固定，其余与实施例1相同，不再详细描述。
实施例3
如实施例1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是风管3-1的小端与有安装孔的箱盒壳体2的安装孔为孔轴配合，装配后焊接固定，或者铆涨变形固定，取消锁紧环1，其余与实施例1相同，不再详细描述。
实施例4
如实施例1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是压环3-3与风管3-1对应的内孔为螺纹连接，压环3-3外周为外螺纹，风管3-1对应的内孔为内螺纹，其余与实施例1相同，不再详细描述。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：它包括：有安装孔的箱盒壳体2，风管模组3，控制模组4，风管模组3由风管3-1、滤网3-2、压环3-3，螺纹套3-4组成，风管3-1为管状结构，内部为台阶孔状，滤网3-2紧贴风管3-1内孔的台阶面，压环3-3紧贴滤网3-2，压环3-3与风管3-1对应的内孔为过盈配合或焊接，压环3-3装配后紧紧压住滤网3-2，风管3-1外周为台阶状，至少存在两个台阶，螺纹套3-4为管状，内孔有台阶，大孔有内螺纹，螺纹套3-4从风管3-1的一端套入后，在风管3-1另一端的台阶处被止挡不能脱出，这样构成了风管模组3，风管3-1小端从外部穿入有安装孔的箱盒壳体2的安装孔并与其焊接或铆接固定，控制模组4与螺纹套3-4螺纹连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述的控制模组4由风扇4-1，迷宫排风块4-2，主控PCB模块4-3，电源，内部温湿度模块，外部温湿度模块组成，迷宫排风块4-2为中空柱状，中间通孔形成连通两端的通风道，通风道的进风端安装风扇，通风道的出风端有迷宫风道，迷宫排风块4-2进风端外周为外螺纹，与螺纹套3-4的内螺纹相配，主控PCB模块4-3紧贴迷宫排风块4-2的迷宫风道端头并固定，形成完整的迷宫风道，迷宫风道一端与通风道的出风端连通，另一端与外界相通，电源、风扇、内部温湿度模块及外部温湿度模块分别与主控PCB模块 4-3连接，内部温湿度模块中温湿度传感器与风扇4-1所在的腔体相通，外部温湿度模块中温湿度传感器与外部大气相通。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述风管3-1小端从外部穿入有安装孔的箱盒壳体2的安装孔并与锁紧环1固定。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述的风管3-1小端从外部穿入有安装孔的箱盒壳体2的安装孔并与锁紧环1螺纹连接，锁紧环1有内螺纹，风管3-1小端为外螺纹。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述的压环3-3与风管3-1对应的内孔螺纹连接，压环3-3为外螺纹，风管3-1对应的内孔处为内螺纹。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述控制模组4在不需要防凝露或者除湿排水的季节，使用密封模组替换，密封模组有外螺纹，与螺纹套3-4的内螺纹进行螺纹连接，密封模组无连通外螺纹轴线两端的通孔，装配密封模组后可将风管3-1的通孔封堵，箱盒内外不能通过该装置进行换气。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述控制模组4在不需要防凝露或者除湿排水的季节，使用迷宫通风模组替换，迷宫通风模组有外螺纹，与螺纹套3-4的内螺纹进行螺纹连接，迷宫通风模组仍具有连通外螺纹轴线 两端的通孔，且在另一端有迷宫通风结构与通孔及外部大气相连，装配迷宫通风模组后，箱盒内外可以通过该装置的迷宫通道进行自然换气。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：控制模组4通电后按照如下程序工作：
    步骤一：读入系统防凝露排气工作时段参数，包括防凝露排气开始时刻T排1及防凝露排气持续时长H排1，读入系统除湿排气工作时段参数，包括除湿排气开始时刻T排2及除湿排气持续时长H排2；
    步骤二：读入已经确定的除湿排气工作参数，风扇工作时长H吹，蒸发等待时长H蒸，温差判断阈值Δt，湿度差判断阈值ΔRH，饱和水汽压差判断阈值ΔVPD，露点判断阈值ΔTd，并将其存储于规定地址；
    步骤三：读入当前时刻T；
    步骤四：若T与T排1或者T排1+H排1或者T排2或者T排2+H排2差值小于规定值，产生中断，否则返回步骤三。
    中断处理程序：读入中断产生时刻T，若T排1≤T＜T排1+H排1，执行防凝露排气程序，若T排2≤T＜T排2+H排2，执行除湿排气程序，否则，停止防凝露排气程序及除湿排气程序。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述控制模组4根据24小时气温变化规律及凝露原理，每天仅在箱盒内部水汽占比最高的T排2至T排2+H排2高温时间段内执行除湿排气程序，在最可能凝露的日出前T排1至T排1+H排1时间段内执行防凝露排气程序，其余时间段内进行待机。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述的除湿排气程序按照如下步骤进行，
    步骤一：读取内部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHA、tA及外部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHB、tB，RHA和RHB以百分数表示；
    步骤二：若tA-tB的绝对值小等于Δt，且RHA-RHB大于等于ΔRH，启动风扇排气并开始计时，跳至步骤五，否则进入下一步；
    步骤三：根据当前温度及湿度数值计算饱和水汽压差VPD，以VPDA表示箱盒内部VPD数值，VPDB表示箱盒外部VPD数值，当VPDB-VPDA≥ΔVPD时，启动风扇排气并开始计时，跳至步骤五，否则进入下一步。
    步骤四：计算当前箱盒内的露点数值TdA和箱盒外环境的露点数值TdB，当TdA-TdB≥ΔTd时，启动风扇排气并开始计时。
    步骤五：读入计时时间。
    步骤六：计时时间是否达到排风工作时长T排，若没有，返回步骤五。
    步骤七：关闭风扇，计时器清零，启动计时器。
    步骤八：待机，等待计时达到蒸发等待时长T蒸。
    步骤九：计时器清零，返回步骤一。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的一种防火防爆的箱盒除湿除水防凝露装置和方法，其特征是：所述的防凝露排气程序按如下步骤进行，
    步骤一：读取内部温湿度模块当前相对湿度及温度数值RHA，RHA 以百分数表示；
    步骤二：若RHA大于等于98％(此数据根据使用现场实际需要可调整)时，启动风扇排气并开始计时，进入下一步，否则返回步骤一；
    步骤三：读入计时时间。
    步骤四：计时时间是否达到排风工作时长T排，若没有，返回步骤三。
    步骤五：关闭风扇，计时器清零，启动计时器。
    步骤六：待机，等待计时达到数倍的蒸发等待时长p×T蒸，p数值根据使用现场实际情况确定。
    步骤七：计时器清零，返回步骤一。
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