WO2024008211A1 - 基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统及方法 - Google Patents

基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024008211A1
WO2024008211A1 PCT/CN2023/114715 CN2023114715W WO2024008211A1 WO 2024008211 A1 WO2024008211 A1 WO 2024008211A1 CN 2023114715 W CN2023114715 W CN 2023114715W WO 2024008211 A1 WO2024008211 A1 WO 2024008211A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main hull
mining
anchor
winches
anchor cable
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PCT/CN2023/114715
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
盛松伟
王坤林
王振鹏
丁伟伟
陈敏
Original Assignee
中国科学院广州能源研究所
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Application filed by 中国科学院广州能源研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院广州能源研究所
Priority to CA3225775A priority Critical patent/CA3225775A1/en
Publication of WO2024008211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024008211A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of deep sea mining, and in particular to an alternating stepping deep sea mining system and method based on a clean energy platform.
  • the present invention provides an alternating stepping deep-sea mining system based on a clean energy platform, which has the characteristics of being mobile, resistant to wind and waves, and saving energy.
  • the present invention can adopt the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides an alternating step deep sea mining system based on a clean energy platform, which includes:
  • Main hull Main hull, mining system, mooring system and electric propulsion;
  • a workshop is provided in the middle of the main hull
  • the mining system includes a plurality of mining vehicles, and a plurality of the mining vehicles are placed in the workshop;
  • the anchoring system includes a winch, an anchor cable cabin, an anchor cable and an anchor head, and the four corners of the top of the main hull are equipped with The winch, the anchor cable cabin is provided below each winch, one end of the anchor cable is connected to the winch, and the other end is connected to the anchor head;
  • the electric propulsion device is arranged at the front and rear ends of the bottom of the main hull;
  • anchor heads When mining operations are carried out, several of the anchor heads are sunk into the seabed to form a quadrangular area, and the mining vehicles perform mining operations in this area;
  • the electric propulsion device is used to drive the main hull forward or backward.
  • the anchor cable is a lightweight anchor cable
  • the anchor head is a gravity anchor head
  • the mining system also includes a moon pool and a working tower.
  • the moon pool includes a lifting platform and a lifting track. Both sides of the moon pool are provided with
  • the lifting rail is arranged vertically along the workshop toward the bottom of the main hull, the lifting platform is connected to the lifting rail, and a retraction device is provided inside the work tower.
  • the placing device is connected to the mining vehicle through a rope, the moon pool penetrates the bottom of the main hull and is provided below the workshop and communicates with the workshop, and the working tower is provided above the workshop.
  • the retracting and retracting device further includes an intermediate station, the retracting and retracting device is connected to one end of the intermediate station, and the other end of the intermediate station is connected to Several of the mining vehicles are connected.
  • the main hull also includes a transmission system and an ore storage room.
  • the ore storage room is arranged on the left and right sides of the workshop.
  • the transmission system includes conveyor channel, the The output channels are respectively connected to the front and rear ends of the main hull and pass through the ore storage room, and a conveyor belt is provided in the transport channel.
  • the above-mentioned alternating stepping deep-sea mining system based on a clean energy platform further includes a renewable energy power generation system that provides power for the main hull, and the renewable energy power generation system includes solar energy.
  • a power generation system, a wave energy generation system and a wind energy generation system are arranged on the top of the main hull.
  • the wave energy generation system is arranged on the front and rear ends of the main hull.
  • the wind energy generation system is arranged on the main hull. The top of the hull.
  • the solar power generation system includes solar photovoltaic panels, a number of cabins are provided on the top of the main hull, and the solar energy is arranged above several of the cabins. Photovoltaic panels.
  • the wave energy power generation system includes wave power generation panels, truss-type support arms, hinges and hydraulic cylinders, and equipment is also provided at the front and rear ends of the main hull. room, the wave power generation panel is connected to the truss-type support arm and is arranged in the equipment room through the hinge, the hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the equipment room, and the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the wave power generation room. Connect one end of the board.
  • the wind energy power generation system includes a plurality of wind turbines, and a plurality of the wind turbines are arranged on the top of the main hull.
  • the present invention provides a mining method based on an alternating step deep-sea mining system on a clean energy platform, which is carried out using the above-mentioned mining system.
  • the specific steps include:
  • S6 lower the mining vehicle from the workshop to the seabed, and perform mining operations in the flat area formed by the four anchor heads until the operation is completed.
  • the mining vehicle is recovered from the seabed to the workshop;
  • the mooring system and electric propulsion device proposed by the present invention can make the platform advance alternately step by step and have better ability to withstand wind and waves while saving energy.
  • the main hull proposed by the present invention uses renewable energy for complementary power supply, which not only solves the problem of offshore energy supply, but is also clean and environmentally friendly.
  • the mining system proposed by the present invention also includes a moon pool and a working tower. The cooperation of the two makes the retracting and releasing of the mining vehicle safer and more convenient.
  • the ore storage room proposed by the present invention can store ore for a long time, and the transmission system can quickly transfer the ore and improve efficiency.
  • the mining method proposed by the present invention can better collect all the ores on the seabed, avoid omissions, and improve the mining rate.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a platform according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the platform during operation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a process, method, system, product or equipment that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to Those steps or elements that are expressly listed may instead include other steps or elements that are not expressly listed or that are inherent to the process, method, product or apparatus.
  • connection means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
  • installation shall be used broadly. The meaning is understood, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or it can be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be two internal connectivity of components.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • a first feature being “on” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. touch.
  • the terms “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature is above the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • "Below”, “below” and “beneath” the first feature to the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a smaller horizontal height than the second feature.
  • the present invention provides an alternating stepping deep-sea mining system based on a clean energy platform.
  • the mooring system and electric propulsion device proposed by the present invention can achieve The platform can advance alternately step by step and have better ability to withstand wind and waves while saving energy. It may include: a main hull, a mining system, an anchoring system and an electric propulsion device.
  • a workshop 5 is provided in the middle of the main hull.
  • the mining system includes a number of mining vehicles 6.
  • a number of mining vehicles 6 are placed in the workshop 1.
  • the anchoring system includes a winch 1, an anchor. Cable cabin 2, anchor cable 3 and anchor head 4. Winch 1 is provided at the four corners of the top of the main hull.
  • Anchor cable cabin 2 is provided below each winch 1.
  • One end of the anchor cable 2 is connected to the winch 1, and the other end of the anchor cable 2 is connected to the winch 1.
  • the electric propulsion device 7 is arranged at the front and rear ends of the bottom of the main hull; when mining operations are carried out, several anchor heads 4 sink to the seabed to form a quadrangular area, and the mining vehicles 6 perform mining operations in this area; when required When transferring the mining area, several winches 1 are controlled to retract and release the corresponding anchor heads 4, and at the same time, the electric propulsion device 7 is used to drive the main hull forward or backward, so as to realize the alternating step-by-step transfer of the mining area by the main hull.
  • the platform is mainly operating above 5000 meters in the deep sea, and the main hull is fixed on the sea surface through the anchoring system, and then the mining vehicle is released for mining operations. Therefore, the top four corners of the main hull are equipped with Winch 1, an anchor cable cabin 2 is provided below the winch 1, when the platform is performing mining operations, The winches 1 at the four corners are started or closed in a certain sequence to release or recover the anchor head 4, and at the same time cooperate with the electric propulsion device 7 at the front and rear ends of the bottom of the main hull.
  • the anchor cable 3 released by the platform looks like "Eight" shape, and the anchor head 4, viewed from a bird's eye view, forms a quadrilateral mining area on the seabed at a depth of 5,000 meters, and then releases the mining vehicle 6 for mining, so that the platform is firmly fixed in the deep sea, even if it encounters In some larger winds and waves, this platform can also withstand wind and waves to continue mining operations. Compared with existing deep-sea mining platforms that consume a lot of energy to maintain stability, this platform has the advantage of energy saving.
  • the mining vehicle 6 is anchored Mining operations are carried out in the area formed by the head 4, which not only facilitates mining, improves the mining rate, but also facilitates recovery.
  • the anchor head 4 When the platform needs to sail, the anchor head 4 can be retracted into the anchor cable cabin 2 to prevent the anchor head 4 from being generated in the water. Resistance affects the navigation of the platform.
  • this platform can sail through the electric propulsion device 7 at the bottom of the main hull. Unlike some traditional platforms that can only sail through transport ships, this platform will encounter severe weather such as tsunamis and typhoons. It can be quickly transferred when the platform completes the mining operation in one mining area and needs to be transferred to the next mining area.
  • the main hull is moved backward through the electric propulsion device 7 and the " ⁇ " in the “eight” shape is moved
  • the anchor head 4 at one end is recovered, and then with the " ⁇ " end as the center, the main hull is advanced by one end distance through the electric propulsion device 7 and then the anchor head 4 is released, so that the anchor cable 3 between the main hull and the seabed forms an "eight" again. font, in order to realize the alternating step-by-step transfer of the platform in the seabed mining area.
  • the anchor cable 3 is a lightweight anchor cable
  • the anchor head 4 is a gravity anchor head.
  • the anchor cable 3 uses a lightweight anchor cable mainly to reduce resistance and facilitate the release and recovery of the anchor head 4.
  • the lightweight anchor cable can be a synthetic fiber cable, such as a polyester anchor cable, a high-strength polyethylene anchor cable, etc. , they all have the characteristics of being lighter
  • the anchor head 4 uses a gravity anchor head mainly to sink into the seabed more quickly and stabilize the platform.
  • the gravity anchor head can be made of cast steel or forged steel, such as Q235 ordinary carbon Structural steel has the characteristics of high strength and corrosion resistance.
  • the shape of its anchor head can be claw-shaped or mushroom-shaped, so that the anchor head 4 can be deeply penetrated into the soil on the seabed.
  • the mining system also includes a moon pool 8 and a working tower 9.
  • the moon pool 8 includes a lifting platform. 10 and lifting rails 11.
  • Lifting rails 11 are provided on both sides of the moon pool 8.
  • the lifting rails 11 are arranged vertically along the workshop toward the bottom of the main hull.
  • the lifting platform 10 is connected to the lifting rails 11.
  • a moon pool 8 in the middle of the main hull.
  • the moon pool 8 runs through the bottom of the main hull and is connected to the workshop 5 and is below the workshop 5.
  • the mining vehicle 6 can directly move to the moon pool 8. Release and recovery do not need to be released and recovered at the side of the main hull, thereby avoiding accidents of collision with the main hull.
  • a lifting platform 10 and a lifting rail 11 are also installed at the moon pool. The lifting rail 11 goes along the workshop to the main hull. It is installed in the bottom direction of the hull to facilitate the transfer of the mining vehicle 6 here.
  • a working tower 9 is provided above the workshop 5, and the mining vehicle 6 can be lifted to various positions of the main hull, and inside the working tower 9
  • the retraction device can quickly release the mining vehicle 6 from the main hull to the seabed mining area.
  • the mining vehicle 6 is mining, it is always connected to the mining vehicle 6, and can be quickly recovered when encountering sudden dangers, further improving the mining efficiency. efficiency and safety.
  • the retracting and releasing device further includes an intermediate station 12 .
  • the retracting and unloading device is connected to one end of the intermediate station 12 , and the other end of the intermediate station 12 is connected to a plurality of mining vehicles 6 .
  • an intermediate station 12 can also be installed in the retracting device for connection.
  • the upper part of the intermediate station 12 is also connected to the retracting device, and the lower part of the intermediate station 12 is connected to multiple mining vehicles 6, so that multiple mining vehicles 6. Mining operations can be carried out at the same time, which greatly improves the progress of mining operations.
  • the main hull is also provided with an ore storage room 13 , and the ore storage room is provided on the left and right sides of the workshop 5 .
  • ore storage rooms 13 are set up on both sides of the workshop 5.
  • the mining vehicle 6 When the mining vehicle 6 is full of ore, it can quickly transfer the mined ore to the ore storage room 13 after returning to the workshop 5 for subsequent mining operations. The mining efficiency is further improved.
  • the ore storage room 13 of the platform has a large space, and the ore can be concentrated for a period of time.
  • the platform can also include transmission System, the transmission system includes a conveying channel (not shown in the figure), the output channel is connected to the front and rear ends of the main hull and passes through the ore storage room 13.
  • a conveyor belt is provided in the conveying channel, and when the transport ship comes to transfer the ore, it can be transported The system quickly transfers the ore in the storage room 13 to the front or rear end of the main hull through the conveyor belt in the conveyor channel, and then the transport ship is connected to the front or rear end of the main hull to transfer the ore, which can reduce the labor intensity of the staff. It also improves the transfer efficiency of ore.
  • a renewable energy power generation system is also included.
  • the renewable energy power generation system provides power to the main hull.
  • the renewable energy power generation system includes a solar power generation system, a wave energy power generation system and a wind energy power generation system.
  • the solar power generation system is set on the main hull.
  • the wave energy power generation system is arranged at the front and rear ends of the main hull, and the wind energy generation system is arranged on the top of the main hull.
  • the renewable energy power generation system equipped on this platform can use solar energy, wave energy and wind energy for complementary power supply, which not only solves the problem of energy supply in the deep sea, but also meets the requirements of clean and environmental protection and will not pollute the marine ecology.
  • the solar power generation system further includes solar photovoltaic panels 15.
  • Several cabins 14 are provided on the top of the main hull, and solar photovoltaic panels 15 are provided above the several cabins 14.
  • various cabins 14 are provided on the top of the main hull, such as laboratories, offices, restaurants, lounges, etc., so that staff can carry out daily work and life on the platform for a long time, thereby reducing transportation costs, saving materials, and,
  • Laying a layer of solar photovoltaic panels 15 above each cabin 14 can not only provide sunshade, but can also be used to generate electricity, thereby supplying power to various equipment on the platform and reducing the energy consumption of the platform.
  • the wave energy power generation system includes a wave power generation plate 17, a truss support arm 18, a hinge 19 and a hydraulic cylinder (not shown in the figure).
  • An equipment room 16 is also provided at the front and rear ends of the main hull.
  • the power generation board 17 is welded to the truss-type support arm 18 and installed in the equipment room 16 through the hinge 19.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the equipment room 16, and the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to one end of the wave power generation board 17.
  • the wave power generation plate 17 can reciprocate around the hinge 19, thereby driving the output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder to reciprocate, thereby converting wave energy into hydraulic energy, and then through energy conversion.
  • the chemical system converts hydraulic energy into electrical energy for power supply, which can not only eliminate the impact of waves on the main hull, ensure better stability of the platform when mining, but also can be used to generate electricity.
  • existing technology is used here (Patent No. 2016103652769) Eagle-type wave power generation panel, when the wave power generation panel 17 is not needed, it can be stored in the equipment room 16 to avoid accidental damage.
  • the wind energy power generation system includes a plurality of wind turbines 20, and the plurality of wind turbines 20 are installed on the top of the main hull. Among them, under the action of the sea breeze, the fan blades of several wind turbines 20 rotate and convert the rotational kinetic energy into electric energy for power supply. In this way, the natural resources of offshore wind are fully utilized and the energy consumption of the platform is further reduced.
  • the first part is the main hull. It includes a workshop 5, an ore storage room 13, an equipment room 16 and several cabins 14.
  • the workshop 5 can place the mining vehicle 6 in the mining system.
  • the ore storage room 13 is set on both sides of the workshop 5 to facilitate the mining vehicle. 6. After collecting full ore, it will be quickly transferred.
  • a transmission system can also be added, which includes a transmission channel. Two of the channel openings of the transmission channel are set at the front and rear ends of the main hull and the transmission channel passes through the ore storage room.
  • the ore When the ore needs to be transferred to the transport ship, the ore can be quickly transferred to the front and rear ends of the main hull connected to the transport ship, and the equipment room 16 is equipped with power conversion equipment, such as hydraulic cylinders, and several cabins 14 are used for the work of the platform. It provides space for workers to work and rest, so that workers can live on the platform for a long time, thereby reducing the cost of transporting workers; the main hull also includes an electric propulsion device 7, so that the platform has the function of navigation. When encountering typhoons or tsunamis In bad situations, it can be quickly transferred.
  • the second part is the mining system, which includes a mining vehicle 6, a moon pool 8, a working tower 9 and an intermediate station 12.
  • the mining vehicle 6 can dive to 5000 meters of the seabed for ore collection operations.
  • the moon pool 8 is set where the mining vehicle 6 is placed. Under the workshop 5, it can release the mining vehicle 6 directly from the middle of the main hull without releasing it from the side of the ship, which is very convenient.
  • the moon pool 8 is also equipped with a lifting platform 10 and a lifting track 11, which can raise the mining vehicle 6 is released into the sea efficiently, and the working tower 9 is installed in Above the workshop 5, there is a retraction device installed inside. The retraction device is always connected to the mining vehicle 6 through a cable.
  • an intermediate station 12 can be added to the retraction device.
  • the intermediate station 12 can connect multiple mining vehicles 6, so that multiple mining vehicles 6 can Work simultaneously to improve mining efficiency.
  • the third part is the anchoring system, which includes the winch 1, the anchor cable cabin 2, the anchor cable 3 and the anchor head 4.
  • the winch 1 is installed at the four corners of the top of the main hull, so that the anchor head 4 can be released better
  • the fixed platform can also keep the winch 1 always above the sea surface accessible to the staff for easy control.
  • the anchor cable cabin 2 can store and fix the anchor head 4 when the platform is transferred, preventing the anchor head 4 from causing resistance in the sea and affecting navigation.
  • the anchor cable 3 uses a lightweight anchor cable, which can reduce resistance in the sea
  • the anchor head 4 uses a gravity anchor head, which can be faster Sink to the seabed, and depending on the soil conditions on the seabed, the shape of the anchor head 4 can be claw-shaped or fungus-shaped, so as to firmly fix the platform on the sea; in the entire large ore area on the seabed, this anchoring system can also be combined with electric power
  • the cooperation of the propulsion device 7 allows the platform to advance step by step, thereby dividing the large ore area into multiple small ore areas for mining. Therefore, the anchor head system not only plays the role of fixing the platform, but also allows the platform to "walk" function.
  • the fourth part is the renewable energy power generation system, which includes solar power generation system, wave power generation system and wind power generation system.
  • the solar power generation system generates sunshade power through solar photovoltaic panels 15 installed above several cabins 14.
  • the wave energy power generation system generates electricity by installing hydraulic cylinders in the equipment room 16 and wave power generation panels 17 connected to the output shafts of the hydraulic cylinders.
  • Wave power generation the wind power generation system generates wind power through a number of wind turbines 20 installed on the top of the main hull.
  • power storage equipment can also be designed to provide power from solar energy, wave energy and wind energy. In addition to normal output use, excess electricity can be stored in power storage devices for use when the sun, waves and wind are weak.
  • the mining platform of the present invention makes full use of the environmental resources where it is located, ensuring power supply and causing no environmental pollution. question.
  • the present invention also provides a mining method based on an alternating stepping deep-sea mining system based on a clean energy platform.
  • the method is carried out using the above-mentioned alternating stepping deep-sea mining system based on a clean energy platform.
  • the specific steps include:
  • S6 release the mining vehicle from the workshop to the seabed, and perform mining operations in the flat area formed by the four anchor heads until the operation is completed.
  • the mining vehicle is recovered from the seabed to the workshop;
  • the mining method of the alternating stepping deep sea mining system based on the clean energy platform of the present invention first places the platform on the sea, and then the platform can be transported to the mining sea area by a transport ship, or it can sail to the sea by itself through the electric propulsion device of the platform.
  • the platform's solar power generation system, wave power generation system and wind power generation system also start to work, generating electricity through sunshade, wave elimination and wind power to provide power to the platform's electric propulsion device and other equipment; mining operations are required
  • the main hull is lowered, first lower the two anchor heads at the rear end of the main hull, and at the same time the main hull sails forward.
  • Mining operations are carried out in the area until all the ores in the area are collected; when the mining area needs to be transferred, all the mining vehicles are recovered first, and then the main hull is sailed back to the top of the two anchor heads at the rear end, and the two anchors at the rear end are recovered head, then centering on the two anchor heads at the front end, the main hull turns around and sails forward for a distance, then releases the two anchor heads at the rear end, and the main hull sails back to the middle of the area formed by the four anchor heads, thereby completing Mining area transfer; finally, through the cycle of mining operations and mining area transfer, all the ores in the deep sea are collected. Since this mining method can avoid omissions during the mining process and greatly improve the mining rate, this mining platform provides a very innovative mining idea.
  • the alternating stepping deep-sea mining system based on the clean energy platform of the present invention is a brand-new deep-sea mining platform, and the mining method of the clean energy platform can better collect all the ores on the seabed, avoid omissions, and improve the mining rate.
  • the successful development and application of the present invention provides advanced mining equipment for the marine mining industry, will produce huge economic benefits, and strongly promote the development of the offshore mining industry, which is of far-reaching significance.
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “an example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.

Abstract

一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统及方法，系统包括主船体、采矿系统、锚泊系统和电力推进装置；主船体的中部设置有车间(5)，采矿系统包括若干采矿车(6)，若干采矿车(6)放置在车间(5)，锚泊系统包括绞车(1)、锚缆舱(2)、锚缆(3)和锚头(4)，主船体的顶部的四个角均设置有绞车(1)，每个绞车(1)的下方设置锚缆舱(2)，锚缆(3)的一端与绞车(1)连接，另一端与锚头(4)连接，电力推进装置设置在主船体的底部的前后端。与传统的深海采矿平台相比，该系统的锚泊系统与电力推进装置，通过两者的配合可以使平台交替步进式前进且具有较好的抵御风浪能力，同时节省能源。

Description

基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统及方法 技术领域：
本发明涉及深海采矿技术领域，具体涉及一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统及方法。
背景技术：
海洋蕴藏着丰富的矿物资源。随着陆地资源不断被开发，越来越多的国家将资源的开发转向了深海，但是深海采矿却面临许多的难题，例如：海上平台总会遇到许多恶劣的天气，导致平台无法抵御风浪进行固定，或者是通过消耗能源进行平台固定，而海上平台往往都是大型的平台，因此，通过消耗能源进行固定会耗费大量的能源，不利于环保，甚至还有一些海上平台是不能移动的，这样便需要提前准备运输船，十分不便。而且，上述的各种因素都会导致采矿作业受到影响，不能很好、安全、准时的完成。
发明内容：
针对现有技术中的不足，本发明提供一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其具有可移动、抵御风浪且节省能源的特点。
为实现上述目的，本发明可以采用以下技术方案进行：
第一方面，本发明提供一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其包括：
主船体、采矿系统、锚泊系统和电力推进装置；
所述主船体的中部设置有车间；
所述采矿系统包括若干采矿车，若干所述采矿车放置在所述车间；
所述锚泊系统包括绞车、锚缆舱、锚缆和锚头，所述主船体的顶部的四个角均设置有所 述绞车，每个所述绞车的下方设置所述锚缆舱，所述锚缆的一端与所述绞车连接，另一端与所述锚头连接；
所述电力推进装置设置在所述主船体的底部的前后端；
当进行采矿作业时，若干所述锚头沉入在海底形成四边形区域，所述采矿车在此区域进行采矿作业；
当需要转移采矿区时，通过控制若干所述绞车收放相应的所述锚头，同时配合所述电力推进装置驱动主船体前进或后退。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，述锚缆为轻质锚缆，所述锚头为重力锚头。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，所述采矿系统还包括月池和工作塔，所述月池包括升降平台和升降轨道，所述月池的两侧设置有所述升降轨道，所述升降轨道沿所述车间往所述主船体的底部方向垂直设置，所述升降平台与所述升降轨道连接，所述工作塔的内部设置有收放装置，所述收放装置通过绳索与所述采矿车连接，所述月池贯穿所述主船体的底部设置在所述车间的下方且与所述车间相通，所述工作塔设置在所述车间的上方。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，所述收放装置还包括中间站，所述收放装置与所述中间站的一端连接，所述中间站的另一端与若干所述采矿车连接。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，所述主船体还包括传输系统和储矿间，所述储矿间设置在所述车间的左右两边，所述传输系统包括输送通道，所 述输出通道分别连接所述主船体的前后端且经过所述储矿间，所述输送通道内设置有输送带。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，还包括可再生能源发电系统，所述可再生能源发电系统为所述主船体提供电力，所述可再生能源发电系统包括太阳能发电系统、波浪能发电系统和风能发电系统，所述太阳能发电系统设置在所述主船体的顶部，所述波浪能发电系统设置在主船体的前后端，所述风能发电系统设置在所述主船体的顶部。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，所述太阳能发电系统包括太阳能光伏板，所述主船体的顶部设置有若干舱室，若干所述舱室的上方设置有所述太阳能光伏板。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，所述波浪能发电系统包括波浪发电板、桁架式支撑臂、铰链和液压缸，所述主船体的前后端还设置有设备间，所述波浪发电板与所述桁架式支撑臂连接且通过所述铰链设置在所述设备间，所述液压缸设置在所述设备间，所述液压缸的输出轴与所述波浪发电板的一端连接。
如上述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，进一步地，所述风能发电系统包括若干风力发电机，若干所述风力发电机设置在所述主船体的顶部。
第二方面，本发明提供一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统的采矿方法，其利用上述的采矿系统进行，具体步骤包括：
S1，将平台运输至采矿海域；
S2，将主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，使得锚缆舱内的锚头下放沉入海底，与此同时，主船体的后端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体前进直至下放的 锚头抵达海底；
S3，将主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车关闭，停止绞车对锚缆放缆，同时关闭主船体的后端的电力推进装置；
S4，将主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，使得锚缆舱内的锚头下放沉入海底，与此同时，主船体的前端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体后退直至下放的锚头抵达海底；
S5，将主船体的位置调整至四个锚头所形成的平面区域的中心后，关闭主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车，停止绞车对锚缆放缆，同时关闭主船体的前端的电力推进装置；
S6，将采矿车从车间下放到海底，并在四个锚头所形成的平面区域内进行采矿作业直至作业完成，采矿车从海底回收到车间；
S7，将主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，与此同时，主船体的前端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体后退直至处于主船体的后端的锚头的上方；
S8，将主船体的前端的电力推进装置关闭，启动主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车，绞车对锚链进行收缆，使得锚头从海底上升收回锚缆舱，主船体以前端为中心进行转头，此时主船体的前后端互换；
S9，将转头后的主船体的后端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体前进经过转头后的主船体的后端的锚头上方海域，并再前进一段距离后，关闭转头后的主船体的后端的电力推进装置；
S10，重复步骤S4至S9，直至海底采矿作业全部完成。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果在于：
1、与传统的深海采矿平台相比，本发明提出的锚泊系统与电力推进装置，通过两者的配合可以使平台交替步进式前进且具有较好的抵御风浪能力，同时节省能源。
2、与传统的深海采矿平台相比，本发明提出的主船体利用可再生能源互补供电，既解决海上能源供应问题，又清洁环保。
3、本发明提出的采矿系统还包括月池和工作塔，通过两者的配合使得采矿车的收放更加安全和便捷。
4、本发明提出的储矿间可以将矿石储存较长时间，且传输系统可以快速转移矿石，提高效率。
5、本发明提出的采矿方法可以较好的将海底的矿石全部采集，避免遗漏，提高采矿率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图进行简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例的平台结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的平台作业时结构示意图；
其中：1、绞车；2、锚缆舱；3、锚缆；4、锚头；5、车间；6、采矿车；7、电力推进装置；8、月池；9、工作塔；10、升降平台；11、升降轨道；12、中间站；13、储矿间；14、舱室；15、太阳能光伏板；16、设备间；17、波浪发电板；18、桁架式支撑臂；19、铰链；20、风力发电机。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
实施例
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，本发明实施例的术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个、三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。此外，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广 义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
参见图1和图2，本发明提供一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，与传统的深海采矿平台相比，本发明提出的锚泊系统与电力推进装置，通过两者的配合可以使平台交替步进式前进且具有较好的抵御风浪能力，同时节省能源。其可以包括：主船体、采矿系统、锚泊系统和电力推进装置，主船体的中部设置有车间5，采矿系统包括若干采矿车6，若干采矿车6放置在车间1，锚泊系统包括绞车1、锚缆舱2、锚缆3和锚头4，主船体的顶部的四个角均设置有绞车1，每个绞车1的下方设置锚缆舱2，锚缆2的一端与绞车1连接，另一端与锚头4连接，电力推进装置7设置在主船体的底部的前后端；当进行采矿作业时，若干锚头4沉入在海底形成四边形区域，采矿车6在此区域进行采矿作业；当需要转移采矿区时，通过控制若干绞车1收放相应的锚头4，同时配合电力推进装置7驱动主船体前进或后退，以此实现主船体交替步进式转移采矿区。在本实施例中，本平台作业时主要是在深海5000米上方，并通过锚泊系统将主船体固定在海面上，然后释放采矿车进行采矿作业，因此，主船体的顶部四个角都安装有绞车1，绞车1的下方设置有锚缆舱2，当平台进行采矿作业时， 四个角的绞车1按一定顺序启动或关闭来释放或回收锚头4，同时与主船体的底部前后端的电力推进装置7配合，最终，平台释放的锚缆3从侧视角度看，呈“八”字型，而锚头4从俯视角度看，则在深海5000米的海底形成一个四边形的采矿区域，之后释放采矿车6采矿即可，这样平台便在深海处牢牢固定，就算遇到一些较大的风浪，本平台也能抵御风浪继续采矿作业，与现有的深海采矿平台通过消耗大量能源来维持稳定相比，本平台具有节能节耗的优点，另外，采矿车6是在锚头4所形成的区域内进行采矿作业，既便于采矿，提高采矿率，又便于回收，而在平台需要航行时，可以将锚头4收回到锚缆舱2中，防止锚头4在水中产生阻力，影响平台的航行，另外，本平台通过主船体的底部的电力推进装置7便可航行，不像一些传统的平台只能通过运输船来实现航行，这样在遇到海啸、台风等恶劣天气时便可迅速转移，相当安全和便捷，当平台在一个采矿区完成采矿作业，需要转移到下一个采矿区时，通过电力推进装置7使主船体后退并将“八”字型中“ノ”一端的锚头4回收，然后以“ㄟ”一端为中心，通过电力推进装置7使主船体前进一端距离再释放锚头4，从而使主船体与海底之间的锚缆3再次形成“八”字型，以此实现平台在海底矿区间交替步进式的转移。
在某实施例中，锚缆3为轻质锚缆，锚头4为重力锚头。其中，锚缆3采用轻质锚缆主要是为了减少阻力，方便锚头4的释放和回收，优选的，轻质锚缆可以选用合成纤维缆，例如聚酯锚缆、高强聚乙烯锚缆等，它们都具有较轻的特点，而锚头4采用重力锚头主要是为了更快速沉入海底和稳固平台，优选的，重力锚头可以选用铸钢或锻钢材质制造，例如Q235普通碳素结构钢，其具有强度高、耐腐蚀的特点，其锚头形状可以是爪型，也可以是菌型，使得锚头4可以深深啮入海底的泥土中。
再次参见图1，在某实施例中，采矿系统还包括月池8和工作塔9，月池8包括升降平台 10和升降轨道11，月池8的两侧设置有升降轨道11，升降轨道11沿车间往主船体的底部方向垂直设置，升降平台10与升降轨道11连接，工作塔9的内部设置有收放装置(图中未示)，收放装置通过绳索与采矿车6连接，月池8贯穿主船体的底部设置在车间5的下方且与车间5相通，工作塔9设置在车间5的上方。其中，主船体的中部开设有月池8，月池8贯穿主船体的底部与车间5相通且在车间5的下方，在天气或者海面恶劣的情况下，采矿车6可以在月池8处直接释放和回收，而不需在主船体的船舷处释放和回收，从而避免与主船体发生碰撞的意外，另外，月池处还安装有升降平台10和升降轨道11，升降轨道11沿车间往主船体的底部方向安装，方便将采矿车6在此之间进行转移，同时，车间5的上方设置有工作塔9，可以将采矿车6吊运到主船体的各个位置，并且，工作塔9内的收放装置可以快速将采矿车6从主船体释放到海底采矿区，同时，在采矿车6进行采矿时，一直与采矿车6连接，遇到突发危险时可以快速回收，进一步提高了采矿的效率和安全性。
再次参见图2，上述实施例中，进一步地，收放装置还包括中间站12，收放装置与中间站12的一端连接，中间站12的另一端与若干采矿车6连接。其中，根据作业的需求，还可以在收放装置中安装一个中间站12接驳，中间站12的上方也收放装置连接，中间站12的下方连接多台采矿车6，使得多台采矿车6可以同时进行采矿作业，这样大大提高采矿作业的进度。
再次参见图1，在某实施例中，主船体还设置有储矿间13，储矿间设置在车间5的左右两边。其中，在车间5的两边设置储矿间13，当采矿车6采满矿后，回到车间5便可快速的将所采的矿石转移到储矿间13，以便接下来的采矿作业，又进一步提高了采矿效率，同时，该平台的储矿间13有较大的空间，可以将矿石先集中一段时间。另外，平台还可以包括传输 系统，传输系统包括输送通道(图中未示)，输出通道分别连接主船体的前后端且经过储矿间13，输送通道内设置有输送带，当运输船来转运矿石时，可以借此传输系统，将储存间13的矿石通过输送带在输送通道快速转移到主船体的前端或后端，然后运输船与主船体的前端或后端接驳转移矿石，这样可以减少工作人员的劳动强度，也提高了矿石的转移效率。
在某实施例中，还包括可再生能源发电系统，可再生能源发电系统为主船体提供电力，可再生能源发电系统包括太阳能发电系统、波浪能发电系统和风能发电系统，太阳能发电系统设置在主船体的顶部，波浪能发电系统设置在主船体的前后端，风能发电系统设置在主船体的顶部。本平台配备的可再生能源发电系统，能够利用太阳能、波浪能和风能进行互补供电，既解决了在深海能源供应问题，又满足清洁环保的要求，不会对海洋生态有所污染。
再次参见图1，上述实施例中，进一步地，太阳能发电系统包括太阳能光伏板15，主船体的顶部设置有若干舱室14，若干舱室14的上方设置有太阳能光伏板15。其中，主船体的顶部设置有各种的舱室14，例如实验室、办公室、餐厅、休息室等，让工作人员可以长期在平台进行日常工作和生活，从而可以减少运输成本，节省物资，并且，在各个舱室14的上方铺设一层太阳能光伏板15，不但可以起到遮阳的效果，还可以利用起来发电，从而给平台的各种设备供电，减少平台的能耗。
上述实施例中，进一步地，浪能发电系统包括波浪发电板17、桁架式支撑臂18、铰链19和液压缸(图中未示)，所主船体的前后端还设置有设备间16，波浪发电板17与桁架式支撑臂18焊接且通过铰链19安装在设备间16，液压缸设置在设备间16，液压缸的输出轴与波浪发电板17的一端连接。其中，在波浪的作用下，波浪发电板17可以绕铰链19进行往复运动，从而带动液压缸的输出轴进行往复运动，进而将波浪能转换为液压能，再通过能量转 化系统将液压能转化为电能供电，这样既能消除海浪对主船体的冲击影响，保证了平台进行采矿时有较好的稳定性，又能利用起来进行发电，优选的，这里采用现有技术(专利号为2016103652769)的鹰式的波浪发电板，当不需要使用波浪发电板17时，可以将其收入到设备间16，避免意外导致其损坏。
上述实施例中，进一步地，风能发电系统包括若干风力发电机20，若干风力发电机20安装在主船体的顶部。其中，在海风的作用下，若干风力发电机20的扇叶转动，并将转动的动能转换为电能供电，这样，充分利用了海上风力自然资源，进一步减少平台的能耗。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面对本发明实施例的养殖平台按功能进行阐述。
第一部分为主船体，它包括了车间5、储矿间13、设备间16和若干舱室14，车间5可以放置采矿系统中的采矿车6，在车间5的两边设置储矿间13方便采矿车6将采集满矿石后快速转移，为了提高转移效率，还可以增加传输系统，其包括传输通道，传输通道其中的两个通道口设置在主船体的前后端且传输通道经过储矿间，这样，当需要将矿石转移到运输船时，可以快速将矿石转移到与运输船接驳的主船体的前后端，而设备间16安装有动力转换设备，例如液压缸，若干舱室14则为平台的工作人员提供了工作和休息的空间，使工作人员可以长期在平台上生活，从而减少运输工作人员的成本；主船体还包括了电力推进装置7，使得平台具有航行的功能，当遇到台风、海啸等恶劣情况，可以迅速转移。
第二部分为采矿系统，它包括采矿车6、月池8、工作塔9和中间站12，采矿车6可以下潜至海底5000米处进行矿石采集作业，月池8设置在放置采矿车6的车间5下方，它可以将采矿车6直接从主船体的中部释放，而不需从船舷处释放，十分便捷，另外，月池8还安装有升降平台10和升降轨道11，可以提高采矿车6释放到海里的效率，工作塔9则安装在 车间5的上方，它的内部安装有收放装置，收放装置通过缆线一直与采矿车6相连，这样不仅采矿车6在释放或回收时，都可以快速进行，还可以在采矿车6作业时，防止采矿车6意外驶出矿区，并且，还可以根据采矿的需求，在收放装置中增加一个中间站12，中间站12可以连接多台采矿车6，从而使得多台采矿车6可以同时作业，提高采矿效率。
第三部分为锚泊系统，它包括绞车1、锚缆舱2、锚缆3和锚头4，绞车1安装在主船体顶部的四个角处，这样既能使锚头4释放后更好的固定平台，又能使绞车1永远处于工作人员可接近的海面之上，便于操控，锚缆舱2可以在平台转移时将锚头4收纳和固定，防止锚头4在海里产生阻力影响航行，由于本平台主要是在深海5000米上进行采矿作业，所以锚缆3采用的是轻质锚缆，它可以减少在海里的阻力，而锚头4则采用的是重力锚头，它可以更快速沉入海底，并且根据海底的泥土情况，锚头4的形状可以是爪型或菌型，以此来将平台稳稳固定在海面上；在海底整个大矿石区，本锚泊系统还可以和电力推进装置7配合，使得平台可以步进式前进，从而将大矿石区分隔成多个小矿石区进行采矿，因此，本锚头系统不仅起到固定平台的作用，还起到使平台“走”起来的作用。
第四部分为可再生能源发电系统，它包括了太阳能发电系统、波浪能发电系统和风能发电系统。太阳能发电系统是通过安装在若干舱室14的上方的太阳能光伏板15进行遮阳发电，波浪能发电系统是通过在设备间16里安装液压缸以及与液压缸的输出轴连接的波浪发电板17进行消波发电，风能发电系统是通过安装在主船体的顶部的若干风力发电机20进行风力发电，本发明的可再生能源发电系统中，还可以设计蓄电设备，太阳能、波浪能和风能提供的电力除了正常输出使用外，多余的电力可以储存在蓄电设备里，供太阳、波浪和风力较弱时使用。本发明的采矿平台充分利用自身所处的环境资源，即保障了电力供应又无环境污染 问题。
本发明还提供一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统的采矿方法，该方法采用上述的一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统进行，具体步骤包括：
S1，将平台运输至采矿海域；
S2，将主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，使得锚缆舱内的锚头下放沉入海底，与此同时，主船体的后端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体前进直至下放的锚头抵达海底；
S3，将主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车关闭，停止绞车对锚缆放缆，同时关闭主船体的后端的电力推进装置；
S4，将主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，使得锚缆舱内的锚头下放沉入海底，与此同时，主船体的前端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体后退直至下放的锚头抵达海底；
S5，将主船体的位置调整至四个锚头所形成的平面区域的中心后，关闭主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车，停止绞车对锚缆放缆，同时关闭主船体的前端的电力推进装置；
S6，将采矿车从车间释放到海底，并在四个锚头所形成的平面区域内进行采矿作业直至作业完成，采矿车从海底回收到车间；
S7，将主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，与此同时，主船体的前端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体后退直至处于主船体的后端的锚头的上方；
S8，将主船体的前端的电力推进装置关闭，启动主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车，绞车对锚链进行收缆，使得锚头从海底上升收回锚缆舱，主船体以前端为中心进行转头，此时主船 体的前后端互换；
S9，将转头后的主船体的后端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体前进经过转头后的主船体的后端的锚头上方海域，并再前进一段距离后，关闭转头后的主船体的后端的电力推进装置；
S10，重复步骤S4至S9，直至海底采矿作业全部完成。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面通过具体实施例对本发明的方法进行阐述。
本发明的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统的采矿方法，首先将该平台投放到海面上，然后可以通过运输船将平台运输到采矿海域，也可以通过平台的电力推进装置自己航行到采矿海域，此时，平台的太阳能发电系统、波浪能发电系统和风能发电系统也开始工作，通过遮阳、消浪和风力进行发电，给平台的电力推进装置以及其他设备提供电力；需要进行采矿作业时，先放下主船体后端的两个锚头，同时主船体往前航行，当先放的两个锚头抵达海底时，再放下主船体前端的两个锚头，主船体往回航行，当后放的两个锚头也抵达海底时，调整主船体的位置，使得主船体固定在四个锚头所形成区域的中间，最后释放采矿车下潜到海底，并在四个锚头所形成的区域内进行采矿作业直至该区域的矿石全部采集完成；需要进行矿区转移时，先将采矿车全部回收，然后将主船体往回航行至后端的两个锚头的上方，回收后端的两个锚头，接着以前端的两个锚头为中心，主船体调头往前航行一端距离，再将后端的两个锚头释放，主船体再往回航行至四个锚头所形成区域的中间，从而完成矿区转移；最后，通过采矿作业和矿区转移循环进行，将深海的矿石全部采集完成。由于该采矿方法可以避免在采矿过程中产生遗漏，大大提高了采矿率，因此，本采矿平台提供了一种极具创新性的采矿思路。
本发明的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统为一种全新的深海采矿平台，且利用该清洁能源平台的采矿方法可以较好的将海底的矿石全部采集，避免遗漏，提高采矿率。本发明的成功开发和应用为海洋采矿业提供先进的采矿设备，将产生巨大的经济效益，并强力推动海上采矿业的发展，意义深远。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
上述实施例只是为了说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的是在于让本领域内的普通技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明内容的实质所做出的等效的变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，包括：
    主船体、采矿系统、锚泊系统和电力推进装置；
    所述主船体的中部设置有车间；
    所述采矿系统包括若干采矿车，若干所述采矿车放置在所述车间；
    所述锚泊系统包括绞车、锚缆舱、锚缆和锚头，所述主船体的顶部的四个角均设置有所述绞车，每个所述绞车的下方设置所述锚缆舱，所述锚缆的一端与所述绞车连接，另一端与所述锚头连接；
    所述电力推进装置设置在所述主船体的底部的前后端；
    当进行采矿作业时，若干所述锚头沉入在海底形成四边形区域，所述采矿车在此区域进行采矿作业；
    当需要转移采矿区时，通过控制若干所述绞车收放相应的所述锚头，同时配合所述电力推进装置驱动主船体前进或后退。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，所述锚缆为轻质锚缆，所述锚头为重力锚头。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，所述采矿系统还包括月池和工作塔，所述月池包括升降平台和升降轨道，所述月池的两侧设置有所述升降轨道，所述升降轨道沿所述车间往所述主船体的底部方向垂直设置，所述升降平台与所述升降轨道连接，所述工作塔的内部设置有收放装置，所述收放装置通过绳索与所述采矿车连接，所述月池贯穿所述主船体的底部设置在所述车间的下方且与所述车间相通，所述工 作塔设置在所述车间的上方。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，所述收放装置还包括中间站，所述收放装置与所述中间站的一端连接，所述中间站的另一端与若干所述采矿车连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，所述主船体还包括传输系统和储矿间，所述储矿间设置在所述车间的左右两边，所述传输系统包括输送通道，所述输出通道分别连接所述主船体的前后端且经过所述储矿间，所述输送通道内设置有输送带。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，还包括可再生能源发电系统，所述可再生能源发电系统为所述主船体提供电力，所述可再生能源发电系统包括太阳能发电系统、波浪能发电系统和风能发电系统，所述太阳能发电系统设置在所述主船体的顶部，所述波浪能发电系统设置在主船体的前后端，所述风能发电系统设置在主船体的顶部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能发电系统包括太阳能光伏板，所述主船体的顶部设置有若干舱室，若干所述舱室的上方设置有所述太阳能光伏板。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，所述波浪能发电系统包括波浪发电板、桁架式支撑臂、铰链和液压缸，所述主船体的前后端还设置有设备间，所述波浪发电板与所述桁架式支撑臂连接且通过所述铰链设置在所述设备间，所述液压缸设置在所述设备间，所述液压缸的输出轴与所述波浪发电板的一端连接。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统，其特征在于，所述风能发电系统包括若干风力发电机，若干所述风力发电机设置在所述主船体的顶部。
  10. 一种基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统的采矿方法，其特征在于，利用如权利要求1至9任一所述的采矿系统，具体步骤包括：
    S1，将平台运输至采矿海域；
    S2，将主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，使得锚缆舱内的锚头下放沉入海底，与此同时，主船体的后端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体前进直至下放的锚头抵达海底；
    S3，将主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车关闭，停止绞车对锚缆放缆，同时关闭主船体的后端的电力推进装置；
    S4，将主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，使得锚缆舱内的锚头下放沉入海底，与此同时，主船体的前端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体后退直至下放的锚头抵达海底；
    S5，将主船体的位置调整至四个锚头所形成的平面区域的中心后，关闭主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车，停止绞车对锚缆放缆，同时关闭主船体的前端的电力推进装置；
    S6，将采矿车从车间释放到海底，并在四个锚头所形成的平面区域内进行采矿作业直至作业完成，采矿车从海底回收到车间；
    S7，将主船体的顶部前端的两个绞车启动，绞车对锚缆进行放缆，与此同时，主船体的前端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体后退直至处于主船体的后端的锚头的上方；
    S8，将主船体的前端的电力推进装置关闭，启动主船体的顶部后端的两个绞车，绞车对锚链 进行收缆，使得锚头从海底上升收回锚缆舱，主船体以前端为中心进行转头，此时主船体的前后端互换；
    S9，将转头后的主船体的后端的电力推进装置启动，使得主船体前进经过转头后的主船体的后端的锚头上方海域，并再前进一段距离后，关闭转头后的主船体的后端的电力推进装置；
    S10，重复步骤S4至S9，直至海底采矿作业全部完成。
PCT/CN2023/114715 2023-05-04 2023-08-24 基于清洁能源平台的交替步进深海采矿系统及方法 WO2024008211A1 (zh)

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