WO2024008203A1 - 一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统及算法 - Google Patents

一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统及算法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024008203A1
WO2024008203A1 PCT/CN2023/110445 CN2023110445W WO2024008203A1 WO 2024008203 A1 WO2024008203 A1 WO 2024008203A1 CN 2023110445 W CN2023110445 W CN 2023110445W WO 2024008203 A1 WO2024008203 A1 WO 2024008203A1
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Prior art keywords
control
current
speed
asynchronous motor
flux
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PCT/CN2023/110445
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢和平
张亮
李斌
杨旭辉
冯汉队
张亚鹏
张莉
褚福阳
房康宁
王冠
顾程鹏
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徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司
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Publication of WO2024008203A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024008203A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • H02P21/141—Flux estimation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
    • B60P1/04—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading with a tipping movement of load-transporting element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0085—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
    • H02P21/0089—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed using field weakening
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/05—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/13—Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/01—Asynchronous machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a variable-flow drive control system and algorithm for a mining dump truck, and belongs to the technical field of engineering machinery.
  • Mining dump trucks are one of the important key equipment in open-pit mining and large-scale earthwork construction. They are mainly used for transporting various loose materials. Heavy-duty mining trucks have strong carrying capacity, high maneuverability and high working efficiency, and are widely used in major open-pit mines around the world. As one of the key technologies for heavy-duty mining trucks, high-power variable frequency drive technology is an important guarantee for the world's major mining equipment manufacturers to improve their core competitiveness.
  • the current driving algorithm of the converter system of domestic mining dump trucks is mainly based on direct torque control. The advantages are simple control algorithm and fast dynamic response. The disadvantages are also obvious, that is, low switching frequency at low speed leads to higher current distortion and relatively high voltage. Large torque ripple, and because the switching frequency is not fixed, the IGBT will have a higher switching frequency at high speeds, resulting in increased IGBT losses and reduced service life.
  • the present invention provides a variable-flow drive control system and algorithm for a mining dump truck, which relies on the integration of the power system, electrical system and transmission system of the mining dump truck to improve the operating performance of heavy-duty mining trucks.
  • a variable current drive control system for a mining dump truck consisting of an engine, a synchronous generator, a rectifier, an excitation controller, a resistor grid, an inverter 1, an inverter 2, an AC asynchronous motor 1 and an AC asynchronous motor 2;
  • the engine is coaxially connected to a synchronous generator, and the excitation current of the synchronous generator is adjusted by an excitation controller.
  • the asynchronous motor is controlled by inverter 1 and inverter 2 respectively. 1.
  • Asynchronous motor 2 the resistance grid is connected to the rectifier.
  • the AC asynchronous motor uses a full-speed domain high-performance vector control strategy.
  • the AC asynchronous motor adopts full-speed domain flux observation, high-performance current decoupling control, and based on the maximum torque field weakening control strategy, conducts electrical control based on working condition identification. Joint optimal control of drive systems.
  • the AC asynchronous motor performs full-speed domain flux observation through a full-order closed-loop rotor flux observer.
  • the flux observer is composed of an open-loop current model and an adaptive voltage model.
  • the flux linkage observer configures closed-loop eigenvalues to smoothly switch between current-voltage models, and performs phase compensation to eliminate phase shift terms to achieve full-speed domain flux linkage observation.
  • the high-performance current decoupling control adopts a model design based on rotor flux orientation.
  • the high-performance current decoupling control set the d-axis of the two-phase rotating coordinate system on the rotor flux vector. After coordinate transformation, the stator current is decomposed into the excitation part and the torque part, and the control system is solved. coupling control.
  • the joint optimization control of the electric drive system based on working condition identification identifies the vehicle working condition according to the driver's instructions and the current motor speed, and establishes a state machine control based on the working condition.
  • the driver's instructions are analyzed and the engine and generator excitation linkage control is carried out, and a dual-motor control strategy based on speed judgment and speed limit is established.
  • the dual motor control strategy is adaptive control of torque/power distribution of dual motors.
  • the vehicle can achieve excellent speed control effects in both low-speed and high-speed sections; the vehicle torque ripple is extremely small, making driving more comfortable and stable; it can operate under steering differential conditions, slip conditions, starting conditions, and braking conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a control system block diagram of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a generator excitation control block diagram of the excitation controller of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the control system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the magnetic linkage observation of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a current decoupling control block diagram of the present invention.
  • the present invention mainly uses vector control algorithm to realize the application purpose of good control and advanced control strategy of the heavy mining truck variable frequency drive control system in the full speed domain.
  • the above-mentioned control algorithm relies on the integration of the power system, electrical system and transmission system of the mining dump truck, and has strong application field specificity.
  • the principle of the converter drive control system of the mining dump truck is as follows: the engine drives the synchronous generator, and the three-phase alternating current output by the generator enters the converter system. After the converter system undergoes the rectification and inversion process of "AC-DC-AC", it outputs three-phase alternating current. Phase controllable AC drives a three-phase AC asynchronous motor, and the power is output to the tires through a wheel reducer. During the vehicle's electric braking process, the AC asynchronous motor changes from a motor to a generator state, and the braking energy is rectified and sent to the resistor grid for dissipation.
  • the control algorithm of the present invention uses a full-speed domain high-performance vector control strategy for the AC asynchronous motor of the mining dump truck, adopts full-speed domain flux observation and high-performance current decoupling control for the AC asynchronous motor, and is based on the maximum torque field weakening control strategy. , carry out joint optimization control of the electric drive system based on working condition recognition.
  • the variable current drive control system of the mining dump truck consists of an engine, a synchronous generator, a rectifier, an excitation controller, a resistor grid, an inverter 1, an inverter 2, an AC asynchronous motor 1 and an AC asynchronous motor 2. constitute.
  • the engine and the synchronous generator are coaxially connected, and the excitation current is adjusted by the excitation controller to control the output voltage of the generator.
  • the three-phase alternating current output by the synchronous generator is converted into direct current through the rectifier, and is passed through the inverter 1 and
  • the algorithm application of inverter 2 realizes the independent control of asynchronous motor 1 and asynchronous motor 2.
  • the resistance grid is connected to the rectifier.
  • the AC asynchronous motor changes from a motor to a generator state.
  • the braking energy is converted into electrical energy, which is rectified by the rectifier and then sent to the resistance grid for dissipation.
  • the controlled variable in the generator excitation control strategy of the excitation controller is the DC bus voltage
  • the controlled variable is the duty cycle of the chopper circuit.
  • the excitation controller determines the DC bus voltage V DC and the target voltage V * DC. The difference is obtained through the expert PID control algorithm.
  • an auxiliary voltage stabilization strategy is introduced, including pre-excitation control and feed-forward excitation control at low idle speed.
  • feedforward excitation control that is, feedforward control, is introduced. Since feedforward control directly It comes from the response of the vehicle controller to the accelerator pedal command, and there is no feedback parameter with large inertia such as the generator involved, so the response is faster and the excitation current can be compensated predictably.
  • the control process of the variable-flow drive control system can be described as follows: the driver issues the drive command U AP through the accelerator pedal, and the main controller parses the drive command into two parts; one is the power conversion system control command n E_tar , this command is sent to the engine to realize the engine speed to follow the change of the command n E_tar and the DC bus voltage U DC_tar to follow the change of the engine speed, thereby controlling the power conversion system to output the corresponding driving power; the other is the traction command, the main controller According to the current speed value of the drive motor, the current working status of the motor is determined, and the total output torque of the traction system is calculated according to the corresponding control decision, and the target torque is allocated to the drive motors on both sides.
  • the frequency conversion controller implements corresponding control according to the main controller instructions TM1_tar and TM1_tar , and controls the drive motor to achieve a given target torque.
  • the driving motor changes the motor speed based on the relationship between the driving torque and the resistance torque, thereby realizing the corresponding changes in the speed of the heavy-duty mining truck in accordance with the driving instructions.
  • the AC asynchronous motor adopts a full-order closed-loop rotor flux observer, and performs smooth switching between current-voltage models by configuring closed-loop characteristic values. It effectively combines the advantages of the two in different speed ranges and is suitable for magnetic flux observation in a wide speed range.
  • the flux observer consists of an open-loop current model and an adaptive voltage model.
  • the open-loop current model serves as an implicit given and provides more accurate values, especially at low speeds, while the adaptive voltage model has a wider range of parameters. speed adjustment range.
  • the flux linkage observer effectively solves the zero drift and initial value problems of pure integrators, as well as the stator resistance measurement error and observation errors caused by too small back electromotive force at low speeds.
  • the above-mentioned observation method is phase compensated to eliminate the phase shift term.
  • the use of phase-compensated flux observers can achieve higher observation accuracy and achieve full-speed domain flux observation. Good observation results can be achieved whether in the low-speed section or the medium-speed section.
  • a vector closed-loop system based on dynamic voltage decoupling control can obtain good dynamic performance and anti-interference properties, and achieve high dynamic performance current decoupling control.
  • the implementation method is as follows: asynchronous When the motor adopts vector control, the two-phase rotating axis system needs to be reasonably oriented.
  • three flux orientation methods namely rotor flux orientation, stator flux orientation and air gap flux orientation.
  • the mathematical model of asynchronous motor based on rotor flux orientation is the simplest and has a lower degree of coupling between variables. Therefore, the present invention
  • a model based on rotor flux orientation is used for design to achieve high-performance current decoupling control.
  • Decoupling control method based on rotor flux orientation Set the d-axis of the two-phase rotating coordinate system on the rotor flux vector. After coordinate transformation, the stator current can be decomposed into the excitation part and the torque part, and the control system can be completed Decoupling control, comparable to the control effect of DC motor.
  • the operating conditions of the AC asynchronous motor of the mining dump truck are relatively wide.
  • the operating conditions are divided into constant torque zone, constant power zone, and states such as starting, braking, differential speed, slipping, etc.
  • the variable current drive of the mining dump truck of the present invention The control algorithm adopts joint optimization control of the electric drive system based on working condition identification. It identifies the vehicle working condition based on the driver's instructions and the current motor speed, and establishes a state machine control based on the working condition. Under various working conditions, the driver's instructions are analyzed and the engine and generator excitation linkage control is carried out. A dual-motor control strategy based on speed judgment and speed limit is established to perform torque distribution control in the constant torque area and in the constant power area.
  • the excitation linkage control of the engine and generator is a key link between the mechanical transmission system and the electric transmission system. It is of great significance to achieve power matching of heavy-duty mining trucks and improve the operating performance of heavy-duty mining trucks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统及算法，属于工程机械技术领域，其控制系统由发动机、同步发电机、整流器、励磁控制器、电阻栅、逆变器1、逆变器2、交流异步电机1和交流异步电机2构成，发动机与同步发电机同轴连接，通过励磁控制器输出的三相交流电经过整流器整流后，通过逆变器控制异步电机，电阻栅与整流器连接。算法为使用全速域高性能矢量控制策略，对交流异步电机采用全速域磁链观测，高性能电流解耦控制，并基于最大转矩弱磁控制策略，进行基于工况识别的电驱动系统联合优化控制。本发明使得车辆获得极好的车速控制效果、驾驶更加舒适稳定并提升了矿用自卸车的运行性能。

Description

一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统及算法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统及算法，属于工程机械技术领域。
 背景技术
矿用自卸车是露天矿山开采和大规模土方建设中的重要关键设备之一，主要用于各种松散物料的运输。重型矿卡运载能力强、机动性高、工作效率高，在全球各大露天矿山中广泛使用。大功率变频驱动技术作为重型矿卡关键技术之一，是世界各大矿山设备生产厂商提升产品核心竞争力的重要保证。当前国内矿用自卸车的变流系统驱动算法以直接转矩控制为主，优点是控制算法简单，动态响应快；缺点也很明显，即低速时因开关频率低导致较高的电流畸变和较大的转矩脉动，又因开关频率不固定的原因在高速时又会出IGBT较高的开关频率，导致IGBT损耗增大和使用寿命降低。
 发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统及算法，依托矿用自卸车的动力系统、电气系统与传动系统的整合，提升重型矿卡的运行性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统，由发动机、同步发电机、整流器、励磁控制器、电阻栅、逆变器1、逆变器2、交流异步电机1和交流异步电机2构成；
其中，所述发动机与同步发电机同轴连接，所述同步发电机通过励磁控制器调节励磁电流，输出的三相交流电经过整流器整流后，分别通过逆变器1、逆变器2控制异步电机1、异步电机2，所述电阻栅与整流器连接。
进一步的，交流异步电机使用全速域高性能矢量控制策略，对交流异步电机采用全速域磁链观测，高性能电流解耦控制，并基于最大转矩弱磁控制策略，进行基于工况识别的电驱动系统联合优化控制。
进一步的，所述交流异步电机通过全阶闭环转子磁链观测器进行全速域磁链观测。
进一步的，所述磁链观测器由开环电流模型和自适应电压模型组成。
进一步的，所述磁链观测器通过配置闭环特征值进行电流—电压模型之间的平滑切换，并进行相位补偿,消除相移项，实现全速域磁链观测。
进一步的，所述高性能电流解耦控制采用基于转子磁链定向的模型设计。
进一步的，所述高性能电流解耦控制：将两相旋转坐标系的d轴设在转子磁链矢量上，通过坐标变换后，定子电流分解为励磁部分和转矩部分，对控制系统完成解耦控制。
进一步的，所述基于工况识别的电驱动系统联合优化控制根据驾驶员指令以及当前电机转速对车辆工况进行识别，建立基于工况的状态机控制。
进一步的，在各个工况下，将驾驶员指令解析后进行发动机与发电机励磁联动控制，建立基于转速判断与转速限制的双电机控制策略。
进一步的，所述双电机控制策略为双电机的转矩/功率分配自适应控制。
本发明的有益效果是：
车辆无论在低速段还是高速段都能够获得极好的车速控制效果；车辆转矩脉动极小，驾驶更加舒适稳定；在转向差速工况、打滑工况、启动工况、制动工况下实现转矩/功率分配自适应方案，提升重型矿卡的运行性能。
 附图说明
图1是本发明的控制系统框图；
图2是本发明励磁控制器的发电机励磁控制框图；
图3是本发明的控制系统控制框图；
图4是本发明的磁链观测框图；
图5是本发明的电流解耦控制框图。
 实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、效果、技术方案更加清晰，下面结合附图、实施案例对技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明范围。本发明主要以矢量控制算法为主，实现重型矿卡变频驱动控制系统在全速域的良好控制与先进控制策略的应用目的。上述控制算法依托矿用自卸车的动力系统、电气系统与传动系统的整合，具有较强的使用领域针对性。
矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统原理如下：发动机带动同步发电机，发电机输出的三相交流电进入变流系统，变流系统经过“交流—直流—交流”的整流逆变过程后，输出三相可控交流电驱动三相交流异步电机，并通过轮边减速机将动力输出至轮胎。在车辆电制动过程中，交流异步电机由电动机转变为发电机状态，制动能量经过整流后送至电阻栅耗散。
本发明控制算法通过对矿用自卸车的交流异步电机使用全速域高性能矢量控制策略，对交流异步电机采用全速域磁链观测、高性能电流解耦控制，并基于最大转矩弱磁控制策略，进行基于工况识别的电驱动系统联合优化控制。
如图1所示，矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统由发动机、同步发电机、整流器、励磁控制器、电阻栅、逆变器1、逆变器2、交流异步电机1与交流异步电机2构成。其中，发动机与同步发电机同轴连接，通过励磁控制器调节励磁电流，即可控制发电机输出电压的大小，同步发电机输出的三相交流电经过整流器变为直流电，分别通过逆变器1、逆变器2的算法应用实现对异步电机1、异步电机2的单独控制。电阻栅与整流器连接，在车辆电制动过程中，交流异步电机由电动机转变为发电机状态，制动能量转换成电能，经过整流器整流后送至电阻栅耗散。
如图2所示，励磁控制器的发电机励磁控制策略中被控量为直流母线电压，控制量为斩波电路占空比，由励磁控制器根据直流母线电压V DC与目标电压V * DC差值通过专家PID控制算法得出。针对重型矿卡工况，引入辅助稳压策略，包含低怠速下的预励磁控制和前馈励磁控制。对于行程踏板指令发生较大变化的情况，考虑到因柴油发动机与电驱系统响应时间常数差距较大导致的系统响应特性下降问题，引入前馈励磁控制，即前馈控制，由于前馈控制直接来自整车控制器对油门踏板指令的响应，且没有发电机这类惯性较大的反馈参数参与，故响应更快，能够对励磁电流进行有预见性地补偿。
如图3所示，变流驱动控制系统的控制过程可作如下描述：驾驶员通过加速踏板下达驱动指令U AP，主控制器将驱动指令解析为两个部分；一个是动力转换系统控制指令n E_tar，该指令发送给发动机，实现发动机转速对指令n E_tar变化的跟随和直流母线电压U DC_tar对发动机转速变化的跟随，从而控制动力转换系统输出相应驱动功率；另一个是牵引指令，主控制器根据当前驱动电机的转速值，判断当前电机的工作状态，并按照相应的控制决策计算牵引系统的总输出转矩，并将目标转矩分配给两侧驱动电机。变频控制器根据主控制器指令T M1_tar和T M1_tar实施相应控制，控制驱动电机达到给定的目标转矩。驱动电机根据驱动转矩与阻力矩的关系，实现电机转速的变化，进而实现重型矿卡车速按照驾驶指令发生相应变化。
如图4所示，本发明的矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统的算法中交流异步电机采用全阶闭环转子磁链观测器，通过配置闭环特征值进行电流—电压模型之间的平滑切换，有效地结合了两者在不同速度段的优势，适用于宽速度范围内的磁链观测。磁链观测器由开环电流模型和自适应电压模型组成，其中开环电流模型作为隐含的给定，提供比较准确的值，尤其是在低速情况下，而自适应电压模型则有比较宽的速度调节范围。磁链观测器有效解决了纯积分器零漂、初值问题，以及定子电阻测量误差和低速时由于反电势过小等引起的观测误差。为了克服磁链观测器中速区的磁链观测偏差问题，对上述的观测方法进行相位补偿,消除相移项。采用相位补偿后的磁链观测器，得到更高的观测精度，实现全速域磁链观测，无论在低速段还是在中速度段，均能够取得良好的观测效果。
如图5所示，异步电机矢量控制在转子磁链定向后，两相旋转同步坐标系下，基于转子磁场定向的异步电动机闭环系统中，励磁电流环与转矩电流环之间相互耦合，不能通过两轴系电压单独控制励磁电流和转矩电流。为实现高性能电流解耦控制，必须对励磁电流环与转矩电流环解耦控制，把耦合闭环系统改造成单变量线性系统。针对重型矿用卡车对转矩动态性能的要求，基于动态电压解耦控制的矢量闭环系统，能够获得良好的动态性能和抗干扰性，实现高动态性能电流解耦控制，其实现方法如下：异步电机采用矢量控制时，需要对两相旋转轴系进行合理的定向。目前有三种磁链定向方式，即转子磁链定向、定子磁链定向和气隙磁链定向，其中基于转子磁链定向的异步电机数学模型最为简化，变量之间的耦合程度更低，故本发明采用基于转子磁链定向的模型进行设计，实现高性能电流解耦控制。基于转子磁链定向的解耦控制方法：将两相旋转坐标系的d轴设在转子磁链矢量上，通过坐标变换后，定子电流可以被分解为励磁部分和转矩部分，控制系统可以完成解耦控制，媲美直流电机的控制效果。
针对矿用自卸车的交流异步电机对高速弱磁区动态响应的要求，基于最大转矩弱磁控制策略，重点解决过调制引起的转矩脉动和电压裕度不足导致的动态性能下降问题，通过增加前馈控制改进磁链调节器，可以获得更优磁通的瞬时调节性能，实现宽域的高性能调速特性。
矿用自卸车的交流异步电机运行工况较为宽广，其工况分为恒转矩区、恒功率区，以及启动、制动、差速、打滑等状态，本发明矿用自卸车变流驱动控制算法采用基于工况识别的电驱动系统联合优化控制，根据驾驶员指令以及当前电机转速对车辆工况进行识别，建立基于工况的状态机控制。在各个工况下，将驾驶员指令解析后进行发动机与发电机励磁联动控制，建立基于转速判断与转速限制的双电机控制策略，在恒转矩区域进行转矩分配控制，而在恒功率区域进行功率分配控制，进行双电机的转矩/功率分配自适应控制。发动机与发电机的励磁联动控制是联系机械传动系统和电力传动系统的关键环节，对实现重型矿卡的功率匹配、提升重型矿卡的运行性能具有重要意义。
任何本领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术范围内，利用上述提示的内容作出变更或修饰为同等变化的等效实施例，但凡未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统，其特征在于：
    由发动机、同步发电机、整流器、励磁控制器、电阻栅、逆变器1、逆变器2、交流异步电机1和交流异步电机2构成；
    其中，所述发动机与同步发电机同轴连接，所述同步发电机通过励磁控制器调节励磁电流，输出的三相交流电经过整流器整流后，分别通过逆变器1、逆变器2控制异步电机1、异步电机2，所述电阻栅与整流器连接。
  2. 一种权利要求1所述的系统的控制算法，其特征在于：
    交流异步电机使用全速域高性能矢量控制策略，对交流异步电机采用全速域磁链观测，高性能电流解耦控制，并基于最大转矩弱磁控制策略，进行基于工况识别的电驱动系统联合优化控制。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    所述交流异步电机通过全阶闭环转子磁链观测器进行全速域磁链观测。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    所述磁链观测器由开环电流模型和自适应电压模型组成。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    所述磁链观测器通过配置闭环特征值进行电流—电压模型之间的平滑切换，并进行相位补偿,消除相移项，实现全速域磁链观测。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    所述高性能电流解耦控制采用基于转子磁链定向的模型设计。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    所述高性能电流解耦控制：将两相旋转坐标系的d轴设在转子磁链矢量上，通过坐标变换后，定子电流分解为励磁部分和转矩部分，对控制系统完成解耦控制。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    所述基于工况识别的电驱动系统联合优化控制根据驾驶员指令以及当前电机转速对车辆工况进行识别，建立基于工况的状态机控制。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    在各个工况下，将驾驶员指令解析后进行发动机与发电机励磁联动控制，建立基于转速判断与转速限制的双电机控制策略。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的的控制算法，其特征在于：
    所述双电机控制策略为双电机的转矩/功率分配自适应控制。
PCT/CN2023/110445 2022-07-06 2023-07-31 一种矿用自卸车变流驱动控制系统及算法 WO2024008203A1 (zh)

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