WO2024003763A1 - Textile material, particularly for providing wadding, padding and the like, method for providing such textile material, and padding comprising such textile material - Google Patents
Textile material, particularly for providing wadding, padding and the like, method for providing such textile material, and padding comprising such textile material Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024003763A1 WO2024003763A1 PCT/IB2023/056663 IB2023056663W WO2024003763A1 WO 2024003763 A1 WO2024003763 A1 WO 2024003763A1 IB 2023056663 W IB2023056663 W IB 2023056663W WO 2024003763 A1 WO2024003763 A1 WO 2024003763A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- textile material
- pla
- wool
- component fibers
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920004935 Trevira® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010006 anti-felting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000003869 genetically modified organism Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005008 domestic process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004968 peroxymonosulfuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N peroxysulfuric acid Chemical compound OOS(O)(=O)=O FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019615 sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000028016 temperature homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
- D04H1/435—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
- D04H1/5412—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
Definitions
- TEXTILE MATERIAL PARTICULARLY FOR PROVIDING WADDING, PADDING AND THE LIKE, METHOD FOR PROVIDING SUCH TEXTILE MATERIAL, AND PADDING COMPRISING SUCH TEXTILE MATERIAL
- the present invention relates to a textile material, particularly for the provision of wadding, padding and the like.
- the invention also relates to a method for providing such a material and a padding comprising such material.
- Such treatments usually comprise chlorine-based processes and/or the surface application of polymer coatings.
- the wool is commonly treated to ensure that the textile material gives a pleasant sensation to the touch and upon contact with the skin.
- Such treatments often entail the use and/or development of substances that are toxic to humans and the environment, such as, for example, chlorine-derived compounds, which require specific disposal procedures.
- the deterioration of wool fibers is mainly due to its structure with barbed flakes, which can intertwine with each other, causing the phenomenon known as 'felting'.
- the treatments to which wool is subjected act on the structure and are adapted to make it smoother.
- the basic characteristics of wadding, used as thermal insulators, are porosity, insulating property and resistance to pressure and/or shaking.
- Maintaining these characteristics over time is important to ensure the thermal insulation performance of the material for a long time.
- wool fibers are normally mixed with two-component synthetic polymer fibers.
- two-component fibers means fibers that have two components, respectively:
- the two-component fibers mixed with the wool fibers undergo a step of heating to the melting point of the sheath, which by melting binds and incorporates the neighboring wool fibers, stabilizing them.
- Stabilization of the wool fibers by association with two-component fibers has the purpose of avoiding:
- Some commonly used two-component fibers are constituted by polymers of synthetic origin, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and copolyester (CoPET), or polymers of natural origin, such as polylactic acid (PLA).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- CoPET copolyester
- PLA polylactic acid
- synthetic origin means obtained by means of artificial synthesis, for example starting from petroleum derivatives.
- natural origin means derived from raw materials obtained from waste of vegetable crops such as, for example, wheat, corn or sugar cane and sugar beet.
- PET/CoPET-type fibers PET core/CoPET sheath
- PLA/PLA-type fibers PLA core/PLA sheath
- PET/CoPET two-component fibers The higher strength of PET/CoPET two-component fibers is most evident when the material is washed in water and then dried.
- PET/CoPET two-component fibers retain their characteristics longer than PLA, in particular when subjected to heat, moisture, bacteria, and mold: conditions that often occur upon contact with the human body.
- PET/CoPET fibers have the drawback that such fibers are obtained from petroleum derivatives, which have a high environmental impact.
- the different washing resistances of the fibers also depend on the different melting points of the cores of two-component fibers, i.e.:
- Two-component fibers of natural origin such as those of the PLA/PLA type, are widely used nowadays due to their natural origin and their environmental sustainability, which reduces the environmental impact of wadding.
- the aim of the present invention is to provide a textile material, particularly for providing wadding, padding and the like, that is capable of improving the background art in one or more of the above cited aspects.
- an object of the invention is to provide a textile material based on wool fibers whose thermal insulation performance is better than, or in any case comparable with, that of similar materials of the known type.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a textile material based on wool fibers whose characteristics are more stable over time than, or in any case comparable with, similar textile materials of the known type, but with a lower environmental impact for its production.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a textile material that allows easy maintenance, for example by washing in water or in a washing machine, without being degraded by it.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a textile material that has a more environmentally friendly production method than the production methods of similar materials of the known type, is less polluting and has a reduced environmental impact.
- a further object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the background art in a manner that is alternative to any existing solutions.
- Not least object of the invention is to provide a method that is highly reliable, relatively easy to provide, and at competitive costs.
- a textile material comprising wool fibers, characterized in that it comprises two-component fibers of the type of:
- Such textile material comprises wool fibers.
- the textile material comprises two-component fibers of the type of:
- the two-component fibers support the wool fibers, forming a three- dimensional lattice which encloses said wool fibers.
- the two-component fibers are joined by thermal bonds in the regions of contact.
- said two-component fibers of natural origin are PLA/PLA fibers.
- Such PLA/PLA fibers are present in a percentage comprised between 5% and 30% by weight.
- PLA/PLA two-component fibers have:
- Such two-component fibers of synthetic origin are PET/CoPET fibers.
- the PET/CoPET fibers are present in a percentage comprised between 5% and 30% by weight.
- the PET/CoPET two-component fibers have:
- wool fibers have a fineness substantially comprised between 23 pm and 29 pm.
- wool fibers are on average finer than other wool fibers, such as for example some of European origin such as wools from Tyrol and Switzerland, which have considerably higher finenesses comprised substantially between 30 pm and 38 pm and tend to escape from products with polyamide fabrics in which they are used, such as padded jackets for clothing or sportswear.
- the wool fibers originate from Merinolandschaf sheep farms of the Bavarian consortium "LOCWOOL".
- the wool fibers are treated to prevent degradation over time and felting.
- An example of fiber processing method includes washing and combing the wool fibers, removing plant impurities and the most ordinary parts, to obtain tops, then treating the tops for washability and domestic and/or industrial maintenance.
- tops refers to a ribbon of combed wool fibers from washed staple: the main purpose of this step is to select the fibers according to their length, eliminating those shorter than a certain limit, for example, 5 mm or 10 mm or 15 mm from the combed ribbon.
- Such processing perfects the straightening and parallelization of the fibers themselves and allows, to a large extent, to eliminate the so-called “buttons” (tangles of fibers of various sizes) and other impurities still present on the fed ribbons.
- a chlorine-free anti-felting and washability treatment is then carried out on said spools.
- said anti-shrinkage treatment is carried out on a wool ribbon instead of the traditional staple treatment, because the wool ribbon is penetrated and squeezed by an aqueous solution without chlorine gas and is more controllable and verifiable throughout the process, since this is a continuous process and not in a tub.
- the chlorine-free anti-felting wool treatment consists of the following steps:
- Natural peroxymonosulfuric acid salts or combinations thereof are used in this innovative treatment, with a percentage by weight comprised between 0.5% and 25%, preferably between 1% and 20%.
- a surfactant with a total negative charge or a neutral charge of the surfactant part of the molecule is used in this treatment.
- This surfactant is chosen from the group of nonionic surfactants and has a percentage by weight comprised between 0.3% and 5%, preferably between 0.5% and 4%, on the basis of the mass of the wool.
- the solution applied in the treatment has a pH value ⁇ 7 and its temperature in the step of application on the wool can reach 60° and is preferably comprised between 15°C and 45°C.
- the step of applying the solution to the wool is comprised between 5 and 10 minutes.
- reaction time of the step for washing the reaction products of the wool and for treating the wool with a reducing agent is preferably comprised between 30 s and 60 s.
- the new treatment avoids the risk of formation of organochlorine agents (AOX), and therefore no chlorine-based compound is detected either on the treated top or in the wastewater, thus achieving a totally environmentally friendly method. Moreover, such treatment does not change the morphological characteristics of the wool, as occurs instead with chlorine-based staple treatments, but keeps it similar to untreated wool, increasing its hydrophilicity.
- AOX organochlorine agents
- This treatment occurs by means of processes that leave no chlorine residues and are environmentally sustainable, for example in terms of energy consumption, water consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions.
- the processes ensure the product's compatibility with direct contact with human skin, leave no residual odors or traces, and allow wool to be washed and dried with domestic methods.
- oxygen can advantageously be used as an oxidizing agent for wool, eliminating the use of chlorine and allowing adjustment of anti-felting characteristics.
- tops are then cut, broken up, and mixed with two-component fibers of synthetic and natural origin.
- PLA/PLA two-component fibers are derived from non-GMO crops.
- said PLA/PLA fibers comprise a PLA/PLA staple produced using a PLA polymer, for example the one known by the trade name "Luminy PLA” of the company TotalEnergies Corbion bv, based in Gorinchem, Netherlands, and/or the one known by the trade name "Trevira Type 458" of the company Trevira GmbH, based in Bobingen, Germany.
- a PLA polymer for example the one known by the trade name "Luminy PLA” of the company TotalEnergies Corbion bv, based in Gorinchem, Netherlands, and/or the one known by the trade name "Trevira Type 458" of the company Trevira GmbH, based in Bobingen, Germany.
- the two-component PLA/PLA fibers are produced, for example, from environmentally sustainable crops suitable to not affect cultivations for food purposes.
- the invention also relates to a method for providing a textile material, consisting in:
- the invention also relates to a padding for bedding items, clothing and the like comprising textile material as described above.
- the textile material according to the invention comprises wool fibers, of the same type as the embodiment described above, and hemp fibers produced solely from renewable sources, and with GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) certification of the company Felde Fibres GmbH, based in Tannenhof, 21368 Dahlenburg, Germany.
- GOTS Global Organic Textile Standard
- the textile material comprises wool fibers of the same type as the first embodiments, described earlier, and two-component fibers of the type described earlier:
- hemp has thermoregulating properties by virtue of the fiber's hollow structure, has a higher toughness than cotton, absorbs moisture up to 20% of its own weight, is naturally antibacterial and mold-resistant, and is completely biodegradable.
- hemp cultivation is environmentally friendly, since it does not require pesticides or chemical fertilizers, it is a highly renewable fiber, and cultivations do not require water.
- the invention achieves its intended aim and objects, providing a textile material based on wool fibers whose thermal insulation performance is better than, or at least comparable with, similar materials of the known type and whose characteristics are more stable over time than those of the latter.
- the invention has obtained a textile material that has better characteristics of porosity and resistance to pressure and/or shaking and/or washing, over time, with respect to similar materials of the known type.
- PET/CoPET two-component fibers in the textile material according to the invention enhances its thermal insulation performance.
- the presence of two-component PET/CoPET-type fibers in the textile material according to the invention provides better mechanical bonding, better resilience to washing, and better resistance to molds and bacteria with respect to similar wool fiber-based textile materials of the known type.
- the invention provides a textile material that is more environmentally friendly and less polluting, since it is free from chlorine residues on the wool fibers, with respect to similar materials of the known type.
- the invention is provided, at least in part, with fibers of natural origin, reducing the component of hydrocarbon- originated fibers and thus the environmental impact of the product.
- the material according to the invention reduces the environmental impact of the manufacturing process, compared to manufacturing processes of similar materials, and is a more recyclable and environmentally sustainable product than said materials.
- the materials used, as well as the contingent shapes and dimensions may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
A textile material, comprising wool fibers. The textile material comprises two-component fibers of the type of: - two-component fibers of natural origin, - two-component fibers of synthetic origin, the two-component fibers supporting the wool fibers, forming a three- dimensional lattice, the three-dimensional lattice enclosing the wool fibers, the two-component fibers being joined by thermal bonds in the regions of contact.
Description
TEXTILE MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY FOR PROVIDING WADDING, PADDING AND THE LIKE, METHOD FOR PROVIDING SUCH TEXTILE MATERIAL, AND PADDING COMPRISING SUCH TEXTILE MATERIAL
The present invention relates to a textile material, particularly for the provision of wadding, padding and the like.
The invention also relates to a method for providing such a material and a padding comprising such material.
Currently, products with high thermal insulation capacity, made at least in part of components of natural origin, such as for example wool fibers, are used increasingly.
It is commonly required that such products can be washed in a domestic environment, for example, in water or in a washing machine.
This characteristic is naturally present among wadding made of synthetic fibers, while in the case of wool particular treatments are required to prevent deterioration and shearing during processing and to make it washable with household equipment.
Such treatments usually comprise chlorine-based processes and/or the surface application of polymer coatings.
Moreover, the wool is commonly treated to ensure that the textile material gives a pleasant sensation to the touch and upon contact with the skin.
Such treatments often entail the use and/or development of substances that are toxic to humans and the environment, such as, for example, chlorine-derived compounds, which require specific disposal procedures.
The deterioration of wool fibers, under certain conditions, is mainly due to its structure with barbed flakes, which can intertwine with each other, causing the phenomenon known as 'felting'.
The treatments to which wool is subjected act on the structure and are adapted to make it smoother.
The basic characteristics of wadding, used as thermal insulators, are porosity, insulating property and resistance to pressure and/or shaking.
Maintaining these characteristics over time is important to ensure the thermal insulation performance of the material for a long time.
To this end, wool fibers are normally mixed with two-component synthetic polymer fibers.
In the present description, the term "two-component fibers" means fibers that have two components, respectively:
- a high-melting core, with a melting point above 250°C,
- a low-melting sheath of said core, with a melting point on the order of 110°C.
The two-component fibers mixed with the wool fibers undergo a step of heating to the melting point of the sheath, which by melting binds and incorporates the neighboring wool fibers, stabilizing them.
Stabilization of the wool fibers by association with two-component fibers has the purpose of avoiding:
- horizontal shearing of the wadding,
- at least partially three-dimensional compression, factors which reduce its thermal insulation capacity.
Some commonly used two-component fibers are constituted by polymers of synthetic origin, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and copolyester (CoPET), or polymers of natural origin, such as polylactic acid (PLA).
In the present description, the expression "synthetic origin" means obtained by means of artificial synthesis, for example starting from petroleum derivatives.
In the present description, the expression "natural origin" means derived from raw materials obtained from waste of vegetable crops such as, for example, wheat, corn or sugar cane and sugar beet.
By comparing two-component fibers of synthetic origin, such as
PET/CoPET-type fibers (PET core/CoPET sheath) with two-component fibers of natural origin such as PLA/PLA-type fibers (PLA core/PLA sheath), the former have better mechanical strength for an equal weight, higher fiber resilience, and greater stability of thermal insulation capacity over time.
The higher strength of PET/CoPET two-component fibers is most evident when the material is washed in water and then dried.
Moreover, PET/CoPET two-component fibers retain their characteristics longer than PLA, in particular when subjected to heat, moisture, bacteria, and mold: conditions that often occur upon contact with the human body.
However, the use of PET/CoPET fibers has the drawback that such fibers are obtained from petroleum derivatives, which have a high environmental impact.
Moreover, some substances used during the production of the polymers that constitute such fibers are toxic, and therefore lengthy, inconvenient and costly operations are required for their disposal.
The different washing resistances of the fibers also depend on the different melting points of the cores of two-component fibers, i.e.:
- about 220°C for PET/CoPET fibers,
- about 160°C for PLA/PLA fibers.
Two-component fibers of natural origin, such as those of the PLA/PLA type, are widely used nowadays due to their natural origin and their environmental sustainability, which reduces the environmental impact of wadding.
However, the use of such fibers is also not without drawbacks.
The biggest limitation of using two-component fibers of natural origin is the degradation of the thermal insulation capacity over time of wadding made of wool mixed with two-component fibers of natural origin, especially of the PLA/PLA type.
Moreover, such wadding comprising wool fibers and PLA/PLA two- component fibers has difficult maintenance, especially with home techniques such as washing in water or in a washing machine.
Still another drawback of wadding of the known type based on wool fibers and two-component fibers of natural origin is the use of fibers derived from GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) crops and/or crops intended to be used for human or animal food use, which increase the environmental impact of the material and whose use is restricted by European Community (Ec No. 10/2011) and/or U.S. (FDA 21 CRF) and/or Chinese (GB 9685- 2016) regulations.
Additionally, in wadding of the known type based on wool fibers, these fibers require that the treatments to which they are to be subjected do not leave residues of substances that are toxic to humans and/or the environment, such as absorbable organic halogenated compounds (AOX), thus increasing production cost.
Furthermore, some fibers of synthetic origin require expensive production methods to eliminate any residues of toxic substances.
The aim of the present invention is to provide a textile material, particularly for providing wadding, padding and the like, that is capable of improving the background art in one or more of the above cited aspects.
Within this aim, an object of the invention is to provide a textile material based on wool fibers whose thermal insulation performance is better than, or in any case comparable with, that of similar materials of the known type.
Another object of the invention is to provide a textile material based on wool fibers whose characteristics are more stable over time than, or in any case comparable with, similar textile materials of the known type, but with a lower environmental impact for its production.
A further object of the invention is to provide a textile material that allows easy maintenance, for example by washing in water or in a washing
machine, without being degraded by it.
Another object of the invention is to provide a textile material that has a more environmentally friendly production method than the production methods of similar materials of the known type, is less polluting and has a reduced environmental impact.
A further object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the background art in a manner that is alternative to any existing solutions.
Not least object of the invention is to provide a method that is highly reliable, relatively easy to provide, and at competitive costs.
This aim, as well as these and other objects that will become better apparent hereinafter, are achieved by a textile material, comprising wool fibers, characterized in that it comprises two-component fibers of the type of:
- two-component fibers of natural origin,
- two-component fibers of synthetic origin, said two-component fibers supporting said wool fibers, forming a three-dimensional lattice, said three-dimensional lattice enclosing said wool fibers, said two-component fibers being joined by thermal bonds in the regions of contact.
This aim, as well as these and other objects which will become better apparent hereinafter, are achieved by a method for the provision of such a material.
Further characteristics and advantages of the invention will become better apparent from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment of the textile material according to the invention.
Such textile material comprises wool fibers.
One of the particularities of the invention resides in that the textile material comprises two-component fibers of the type of:
- two-component fibers of natural origin,
- two-component fibers of synthetic origin.
The two-component fibers support the wool fibers, forming a three- dimensional lattice which encloses said wool fibers.
The two-component fibers are joined by thermal bonds in the regions of contact.
In particular, said two-component fibers of natural origin are PLA/PLA fibers.
Such PLA/PLA fibers are present in a percentage comprised between 5% and 30% by weight.
PLA/PLA two-component fibers have:
- a high-melting PLA core, with a melting point on the order of 160°C,
- a low-melting PLA core sheath, with a melting point on the order of 130°C.
Such two-component fibers of synthetic origin are PET/CoPET fibers.
The PET/CoPET fibers are present in a percentage comprised between 5% and 30% by weight.
The PET/CoPET two-component fibers have:
- a high-melting PET core, with a melting point on the order of 250°C,
- a low-melting CoPET core sheath, with a melting point on the order of 110°C.
Preferably, wool fibers have a fineness substantially comprised between 23 pm and 29 pm.
The fineness is advantageous, since such wool fibers are on average finer than other wool fibers, such as for example some of European origin such as wools from Tyrol and Switzerland, which have considerably higher finenesses comprised substantially between 30 pm and 38 pm and tend to escape from products with polyamide fabrics in which they are used, such as padded jackets for clothing or sportswear.
Advantageously, the wool fibers originate from Merinolandschaf sheep farms of the Bavarian consortium "LOCWOOL".
The wool fibers are treated to prevent degradation over time and felting.
An example of fiber processing method includes washing and combing the wool fibers, removing plant impurities and the most ordinary parts, to obtain tops, then treating the tops for washability and domestic and/or industrial maintenance.
In the present description, the term "tops" refers to a ribbon of combed wool fibers from washed staple: the main purpose of this step is to select the fibers according to their length, eliminating those shorter than a certain limit, for example, 5 mm or 10 mm or 15 mm from the combed ribbon.
Such processing perfects the straightening and parallelization of the fibers themselves and allows, to a large extent, to eliminate the so-called "buttons" (tangles of fibers of various sizes) and other impurities still present on the fed ribbons.
This produces a ribbon with a regular cross-section (tops), which is wound in spools.
A chlorine-free anti-felting and washability treatment is then carried out on said spools.
It should be noted that said anti-shrinkage treatment is carried out on a wool ribbon instead of the traditional staple treatment, because the wool ribbon is penetrated and squeezed by an aqueous solution without chlorine gas and is more controllable and verifiable throughout the process, since this is a continuous process and not in a tub.
In this way, all the parameters related to ribbon shrinkage, from PH to treatment uniformity, from effective oxidation of the wool fiber, to a mixing of the treated ribbons before the final drying step, can be continuously controlled.
In particular, the chlorine-free anti-felting wool treatment consists of the following steps:
- applying to the wool a solution with an oxidizing agent based on peroxymono sulfuric acid and a surfactant,
- allowing the solution to act on the wool to complete the oxidation process,
- washing the reaction products off the wool,
- treating the wool with a reducing agent,
- and washing again.
These passes are performed continuously.
Natural peroxymonosulfuric acid salts or combinations thereof are used in this innovative treatment, with a percentage by weight comprised between 0.5% and 25%, preferably between 1% and 20%.
Moreover, a surfactant with a total negative charge or a neutral charge of the surfactant part of the molecule is used in this treatment.
This surfactant is chosen from the group of nonionic surfactants and has a percentage by weight comprised between 0.3% and 5%, preferably between 0.5% and 4%, on the basis of the mass of the wool.
The solution applied in the treatment has a pH value<7 and its temperature in the step of application on the wool can reach 60° and is preferably comprised between 15°C and 45°C.
The step of applying the solution to the wool is comprised between 5 and 10 minutes.
Moreover, the reaction time of the step for washing the reaction products of the wool and for treating the wool with a reducing agent is preferably comprised between 30 s and 60 s.
The new treatment avoids the risk of formation of organochlorine agents (AOX), and therefore no chlorine-based compound is detected either on the treated top or in the wastewater, thus achieving a totally environmentally friendly method.
Moreover, such treatment does not change the morphological characteristics of the wool, as occurs instead with chlorine-based staple treatments, but keeps it similar to untreated wool, increasing its hydrophilicity.
This treatment occurs by means of processes that leave no chlorine residues and are environmentally sustainable, for example in terms of energy consumption, water consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions.
Moreover, the processes ensure the product's compatibility with direct contact with human skin, leave no residual odors or traces, and allow wool to be washed and dried with domestic methods.
In these processes, oxygen can advantageously be used as an oxidizing agent for wool, eliminating the use of chlorine and allowing adjustment of anti-felting characteristics.
The tops are then cut, broken up, and mixed with two-component fibers of synthetic and natural origin.
Preferably, in the textile material according to the invention, PLA/PLA two-component fibers are derived from non-GMO crops.
For example, said PLA/PLA fibers comprise a PLA/PLA staple produced using a PLA polymer, for example the one known by the trade name "Luminy PLA" of the company TotalEnergies Corbion bv, based in Gorinchem, Netherlands, and/or the one known by the trade name "Trevira Type 458" of the company Trevira GmbH, based in Bobingen, Germany.
Moreover, the two-component PLA/PLA fibers are produced, for example, from environmentally sustainable crops suitable to not affect cultivations for food purposes.
The invention also relates to a method for providing a textile material, consisting in:
- washing wool fibers,
- combing the wool fibers, removing plant impurities, obtaining tops,
- treating said tops for washability and domestic and/or industrial
maintenance,
- cutting said previously treated tops,
- breaking up said previously cut tops,
- mixing the broken-up tops with said two-component fibers of synthetic origin and with said two-component fibers of natural origin,
- thermally binding the wool fibers of the broken-up tops to the two- component fibers of synthetic origin and to the two-component fibers of natural origin, obtaining the textile material.
The invention also relates to a padding for bedding items, clothing and the like comprising textile material as described above.
In another embodiment, the textile material according to the invention comprises wool fibers, of the same type as the embodiment described above, and hemp fibers produced solely from renewable sources, and with GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) certification of the company Felde Fibres GmbH, based in Tannenhof, 21368 Dahlenburg, Germany.
In a further embodiment, the textile material, according to the invention, comprises wool fibers of the same type as the first embodiments, described earlier, and two-component fibers of the type described earlier:
- two-component fibers of natural origin,
- two-component fibers of synthetic origin.
It should be noted that hemp has thermoregulating properties by virtue of the fiber's hollow structure, has a higher toughness than cotton, absorbs moisture up to 20% of its own weight, is naturally antibacterial and mold-resistant, and is completely biodegradable.
Moreover, hemp cultivation is environmentally friendly, since it does not require pesticides or chemical fertilizers, it is a highly renewable fiber, and cultivations do not require water.
Mixing with wool, therefore, confers remarkable thermoregulation and moisture management properties.
In practice it has been found that the invention achieves its intended
aim and objects, providing a textile material based on wool fibers whose thermal insulation performance is better than, or at least comparable with, similar materials of the known type and whose characteristics are more stable over time than those of the latter.
The invention has obtained a textile material that has better characteristics of porosity and resistance to pressure and/or shaking and/or washing, over time, with respect to similar materials of the known type.
It should be noted that the use of PET/CoPET two-component fibers in the textile material according to the invention enhances its thermal insulation performance.
The presence of two-component PET/CoPET-type fibers in the textile material according to the invention provides better mechanical bonding, better resilience to washing, and better resistance to molds and bacteria with respect to similar wool fiber-based textile materials of the known type.
Moreover, the invention provides a textile material that is more environmentally friendly and less polluting, since it is free from chlorine residues on the wool fibers, with respect to similar materials of the known type.
Moreover, the invention is provided, at least in part, with fibers of natural origin, reducing the component of hydrocarbon- originated fibers and thus the environmental impact of the product.
Furthermore, as described earlier, the material according to the invention reduces the environmental impact of the manufacturing process, compared to manufacturing processes of similar materials, and is a more recyclable and environmentally sustainable product than said materials.
The invention thus conceived is susceptible of numerous modifications and variations, all of which are within the scope of the accompanying claims; all the details may furthermore be replaced with other technically equivalent elements.
In practice, the materials used, as well as the contingent shapes and
dimensions, may be any according to the requirements and the state of the art.
The disclosures in Italian Patent Application no. 102022000013927, from which this application claims priority, are incorporated herein by reference.
Claims
1. A textile material, comprising wool fibers, characterized in that it comprises two-component fibers of the type of:
- two-component fibers of natural origin,
- two-component fibers of synthetic origin, said two-component fibers supporting said wool fibers, forming a three-dimensional lattice, said three-dimensional lattice enclosing said wool fibers, said two-component fibers being joined by thermal bonds in the regions of contact.
2. The textile material according to claim 1, characterized in that said two-component fibers of natural origin are PLA/PLA fibers.
3. The textile material according to claim 2, characterized in that said PLA/PLA fibers are present in a percentage comprised between 5% and 30% by weight.
4. The textile material according to claim 2, characterized in that said PLA/PLA two-component fibers have:
- a high-melting PLA core, with a melting point on the order of 160°C,
- a low-melting PLA core sheath, with a melting point on the order of 130°C.
5. The textile material according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said PLA/PLA fibers comprise a PLA/PLA staple produced by using a PLA polymer known by the trade name “Luminy PLA” of the TotalEnergies Corbion bv company with headquarters in Gorinchem, Netherlands, and/or the one known by the trade name “Trevira Type 458” of the Trevira GmbH company with headquarters in Bobingen, Germany.
6. The textile material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said two-component fibers of synthetic origin are PET/CoPET fibers.
7. The textile material according to claim 6, characterized in that said PET/CoPET fibers are present in a percentage comprised between 5% and 30% by weight.
8. The textile material according to claim 6, characterized in that said PET/CoPET two-component fibers have:
- a high-melting PET core, with a melting point on the order of 250°C,
- a low-melting CoPET core sheath, with a melting point on the order of 110°C.
9. The textile material according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said wool fibers have a fineness substantially comprised between 23 pm and 29 pm.
10. The textile material according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said wool fibers are sourced from sheep farms of the Merinolandschaf breed of the Bavarian consortium “LOCWOOL”.
11. A method for providing a textile material according to one or more one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps that consist in:
- washing wool fibers,
- combing said wool fibers, removing the vegetable impurities, obtaining tops,
- treating said tops for washability and domestic and/or industrial maintenance,
- cutting said previously treated tops,
- breaking up said previously cut tops,
- mixing said broken-up tops with said two-component fibers of synthetic origin and with said two-component fibers of natural origin,
- thermally bonding the wool fibers of said cut and broken-up tops to said two-component fibers of synthetic origin and to said two-component fibers of natural origin, obtaining said textile material.
12. A padding for items of clothing and/or for beds and the like,
characterized in that it comprises textile material according to one or more of claims 1 to 10.
13. A textile material comprising wool fibers, characterized in that it comprises hemp fibers.
14. The textile material according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises two-component fibers of the type of:
- two-component fibers of natural origin,
- two-component fibers of synthetic origin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IT102022000013927A IT202200013927A1 (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-01 | IMPROVED TEXTILE MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WADDING, PADDING AND THE LIKE, PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURE, AND PADDING INCLUDING SUCH MATERIAL |
IT102022000013927 | 2022-07-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2024003763A1 true WO2024003763A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
Family
ID=83271283
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/IB2023/056663 WO2024003763A1 (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2023-06-28 | Textile material, particularly for providing wadding, padding and the like, method for providing such textile material, and padding comprising such textile material |
Country Status (2)
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IT (1) | IT202200013927A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2024003763A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2396360A (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-06-23 | John Cotton Group Ltd | An ignition resistant layer for upholstery fillings |
EP1908869A2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-09 | Friedrich Baur | Fibrous web for a textile material and textile material with such a fibrous web |
FR2932511A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-18 | Eric Alvarez | Thermal insulation panel, for use in buildings, comprises natural fibers entrapped in 3-dimensional network formed from thermofusible composite fibers based on biopolymers |
WO2020187568A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Imbotex Lab S.R.L. | Layered product obtained from pre-consumption waste originating from products based on camel and/or cashmere and/or alpaca and/or mohair and/or wool and/or yak and method for providing the product |
WO2021066663A1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Woolchemy Nz Limited | A hygiene article |
-
2022
- 2022-07-01 IT IT102022000013927A patent/IT202200013927A1/en unknown
-
2023
- 2023-06-28 WO PCT/IB2023/056663 patent/WO2024003763A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2396360A (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-06-23 | John Cotton Group Ltd | An ignition resistant layer for upholstery fillings |
EP1908869A2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-09 | Friedrich Baur | Fibrous web for a textile material and textile material with such a fibrous web |
FR2932511A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-18 | Eric Alvarez | Thermal insulation panel, for use in buildings, comprises natural fibers entrapped in 3-dimensional network formed from thermofusible composite fibers based on biopolymers |
WO2020187568A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Imbotex Lab S.R.L. | Layered product obtained from pre-consumption waste originating from products based on camel and/or cashmere and/or alpaca and/or mohair and/or wool and/or yak and method for providing the product |
WO2021066663A1 (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Woolchemy Nz Limited | A hygiene article |
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