WO2024003602A1 - Bioadhesives, method of preparation and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to bioadhesives, their method of preparation and uses thereof. Taking in consideration the mussels bioinspired adhesion mechanism, the present disclosure is related to the fabrication of a bioadhesive composed of two natural derived molecules, the polyphenol tannic acid (TA) and the natural derived polymer pullulan (PUL). Methacrylated PUL(PUL-MA) and TA water-soluble solutions are simply mixed and the two are connected through supramolecular bonding, rendering the formation of a coacervate phase with adhesive properties – TAPUL-MA bioadhesive. TA, in addition to acting as an adhesion molecule, works as crosslinker between PUL-MA molecules, conferring also cohesion to the bioadhesive. To increase the biocompatibility of the bioadhesives, a catalase enzyme was added to the formulations. The production method is easy, low-cost and easily scalable, and TAPUL-MA does not imply the use of any curing agent for application. The TAPUL-MA bioadhesive produced by the methods disclosed in this application have low toxicity, are biodegradable, provide adhesion even in humid conditions, as well as antibacterial and hemostatic properties. Therefore, the adhesive composition may be used as a medical adhesive, namely as a hemostatic agent in surgery, to stop bleeding.

Description

D E S C R I P T I O N

BIOADHESIVES, M ETHOD OF PREPARATION AN D USES TH EREOF

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to bioadhesives, their method of preparation and uses thereof.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Tissue adhesives have been used as an alternative to sutures and staples for medical applications, serving as surgical sealants, hemostatic agents to help in wound closure, or for device attachment applications. They offer obvious advantages, such as ease of operation, rapid application, and match tissue properties by being soft and hydrated, decreasing the risk of air or blood leakage and the risk of infection [2,3], To be applied, tissue adhesives must fulfill multifaceted requirements, such as an easy production process, facile application (i.e. injectability), adhesion to tissues, biocompatibility and to show biological properties to facilitate the integration of the material in the body.

[0003] Currently, there are several commercially available options, but none fully meets the necessary requirements. Fibrin sealants were introduced in 1940 and have been used since then in various surgical procedures due to the biocompatibility and biodegradability they offer. However, they are prone to rupture and debonding, contrary to cyanoacrylates-based adhesive family, that strongly adhere to tissues, although their cytotoxicity and poor elasticity limit their applications [4],

[0004] Several materials have been used to produce bioadhesives, such as protein [5] or synthetic and natural polymers [2,6], However, the majority of manufactured adhesives continue to be of synthetic origin.

[0005] Combined with natural derived linear polysaccharide obtained from the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, tannic acid (TA) is an FDA-approved polyphenol widely available in plants with a structure full of hydroxyl groups. In the last decade, it has attracted the attention of the biomedical scientific community due to presenting antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects [2], Also, TA structure is similar with the catechol molecule, a benzene ring and two neighbouring hydroxyl groups, which has been correlated with the adhesion capacity of these animals in wet conditions. This molecule, particularly obtained using dopamine, has been integrated in biomaterials development to facilitate the production of different types of tissue adhesive systems sustained through covalent or non-covalent bonding, such as hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions [9], The mussel-inspired strategy, despite enhancing tissue adhesion, has a potential neurological effect due to the inclusion of dopamine, that here is absent due to the use of TA. Also, TA has shown the capacity to generate coacervates with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and polyethylene glycol) (PEG) by simple mixing both solutions [2,10], However, these are synthetic polymers with slow degradation in vivo.

[0006] A drawback of the mussels inspired strategy is the possibility of catechol and gallol groups to generate cytotoxic compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [1]. [0007] These facts are described to illustrate the technical problem solved by the embodiments of the present document.

G ENERAL DESCRI PTION

[0008] The present disclosure relates to bioadhesives, their method of preparation and uses thereof, being said bioadhesives like tissue adhesives derived from natural molecules and that can have a clinical use in a wide variety of medical settings, such as wound closure, surgical sealants, regenerative medicine, and device attachment. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a bioadhesive for any kind of tissue produced from the mussel-inspired mechanism, formulated from the non-covalent combination of the polyphenol tannic acid (TA) and the natural derived pullulan (PUL) polysaccharide, in water, applicable as a bioadhesive.

[0009] In an embodiment, the natural derived PUL, a linear polysaccharide obtained from the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans, is used to produce a tissue adhesive. PUL is mainly composed of continuous maltotriose units linked by a-1,6 glycosidic bonds, interconnected by two P-1,4 glycosidic bonds, being this alternation responsible for the solubility and flexibility of its structure. As a natural polymer with non-toxic and non- immunogenic character, these features will make this polysaccharide suitable for biomedical applications [8], In addition, PUL can be produced by fermentation, an advantage over other polymers and that places it within the sustainability objectives [9].

[0010] The present disclosure relates to an adhesive material comprising of a polymeric matrix of methacrylated pullulan (PUL-MA) and the polyphenol TA. The composition of the present disclosure surprising avoid the formation of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Compounds containing catechol groups when exposed to physiological conditions release H2O2, and to avoid this formation catalase enzyme was included in the present disclosure formulation [1], The now disclosed technology relates the non-covalently combination of PUL-MA and TA through hydrogen bonding to process a tissue adhesive to be used in biomedical applications, being the novelty of this invention.

[0011] The method for preparation of said bioadhesive is easy, low-cost and readily scalable. By applying the mussels inspired mechanism with the use of TA as adhesive and cohesive molecule, the possible deleterious neurological effects from dopamine use are excluded.

[0012] The bioadhesives hereby described in the present disclosure show cytocompatibility and tuneable mechanical properties and, the antibacterial capacity demonstrated can avoid bacterial contamination in the application site. Also, the formulated adhesives demonstrated blood clotting potential for controlling bleeding at the surgical site by achieving haemostasis without compromising hemocompatibility.

[0013] An embodiment comprises a medical adhesive comprising three natural derived components, the polyphenol TA, the modified PUL-MA, and catalase enzyme.

[0014] An aspect of the disclosure relates to a composition comprising a natural modified polymer functionalized by at least a methacrylate moiety. The methacrylated moiety may be selected, for example, from methacrylates, ethacrylates, acrylamides, or allyl reactive groups and combinations thereof. [0015] An aspect of the disclosure relates to an adhesive produced exclusively through supramolecular interactions of natural-derived molecules to be used in biomedical applications.

[0016] An aspect of the disclosure relates to a hemostatic agent to avoid blood or air leakage in surgery.

[0017] Another aspect of the disclosure concerns to the application of said bioadhesives with implantable biomedical devices, cell culture platforms, delivery matrices, injectable systems and 3D printable structures.

[0018] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to the use of the bioadhesives in cell- derived platforms, tissue adhesive, bone adhesives, bioadhesive tests, cell and tissue culture dishes, such as tensile strength, shear strength, bioadhesion retention time, mucoadhesive studies.

[0019] The present disclosure is then related with a bioadhesive comprising two natural-derived molecules, exclusively fabricated from supramolecular interactions, applicable as a medical adhesive with minimal toxicity, adhesion in the absence of a curing agent and with a possibility of working both as a sealant or hemostatic agent.

[0020] This disclosure proposes an adhesive composition comprising 10 to 40% (w/w) of a moiety modified polymeric matrix and 10 to 40% (w/w) polyphenol TA and a catalase enzyme; wherein said modified polymeric matrix is selected from a list consisting of pullulan, dextran, laminarin, cellulose and combination thereof, and wherein the said moiety is selected from a list consisting of methacrylate, acrylate, ethacrylate, acrylamide, allyl reactive group and combinations thereof.

[0021] In an embodiment, the polymeric matrix and the methacrylate moiety of the adhesive composition are covalently bounded.

[0022] In an embodiment, the polymeric matrix used in the adhesive composition is pullulan.

[0023] In an embodiment, the moiety of the adhesive composition is methacrylate.

[0024] In an embodiment, the concentration of the modified polymeric matrix in the adhesive composition ranges from 15 to 35% (w/w), preferably from 15 to 30% (w/w), more preferably from 16 to 28% (w/w). [0025] In an embodiment, the methacrylation degree of the polymer matrix of the adhesive composition ranges from 2 to 30%, preferably 2 to 20%, more preferably from 5% to 15%. The methacrylation degree (fraction of modified hydroxyl groups per repeating unit) was calculated by ¹H NMR by integrating the peak correspondent to the acetyl group of the methacrylate centred at ~2 ppm against the polymer backbone region ~3.2-4.5 ppm.

[0026] In an embodiment, the concentration of polyphenol TA of the adhesive composition ranges from 15 to 35% (w/w), preferably from 15 to 30 % (w/w), preferably from 16 to 28% (w/w).

[0027] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition further comprises a polyphenol selected from a list consisting of phenolic acid, coumarin, flavonoid or combination thereof.

[0028] In an embodiment, the PUL molecular weight in the adhesive composition ranges from 90 kDa to 120 kDa, preferably from 95 kDa to 110 kDa.

[0029] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition further comprises an active ingredient and/or an additive.

[0030] In an embodiment, the active ingredient of the adhesive composition is a drug or a cell.

[0031] In an embodiment, the additive of the adhesive composition is a stabilizer, a preservative, an antioxidant and/or a vitamin.

[0032] In an embodiment, the catalase enzyme used in the adhesive composition is a peroxidase.

[0033] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition further comprises a second polymer selected from a list consisting of dextran, laminarin, cellulose or combination thereof.

[0034] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition comprises an antioxidant and/or ROS-scavenging agent selected from a list consisting of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, uric acid, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, [3- carotene, or combinations thereof.

[0035] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition is used in medicine or veterinary. [0036] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition is used in tissue engineering or regenerative medicine.

[0037] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition is used in the therapy or treatment of skin wounds.

[0038] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition is in an injectable form.

[0039] In an embodiment, the adhesive composition is a topical composition.

[0040] It is also disclosed an article comprising the above-mentioned adhesive composition.

[0041] In an embodiment, the article is a patch, cell culture platform, delivery matrix, capsule, disc, membrane, microparticle or a 3D printed structure.

[0042] It is also disclosed a kit comprising the above-mentioned adhesive composition. [0043] It is also disclosed the use of the adhesive composition as an enhancer of wound healing.

[0044] It is also disclosed the use of the adhesive composition as an injectable system. [0045] It is also disclosed the use of the adhesive composition in cell-derived platform, tissue adhesive, bone adhesive, bioadhesive test, medical adhesive, namely as a sealing or hemostatic agent in surgery or as cell or tissue culture dishes.

[0046] It is also disclosed the method for the production of an adhesive composition comprising the steps of reacting a modified polymeric matrix with hydroxyl groups with a moiety, in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide, in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) at 25 to 35°C; preparing PUL-MA and TA mixed solutions and allow them to stabilize for 12h to 48h; centrifuging the mixture obtained in the previous step at 1500 to 2600 rpm during 5-30 minutes at 18 to 27°C; recovering the densest phase of the mixture; introducing the catalase enzyme, wherein the modified polymeric matrix is selected from a list consisting of pullulan, dextran, laminarin, cellulose and combination thereof.

[0047] In an embodiment, the moiety is selected from a list consisting of methacrylate, acrylate, ethacrylate, acrylamide, allyl reactive group and combinations thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The following figures provide preferred embodiments for illustrating the disclosure and should not be seen as limiting the scope of invention.

[0049] Figure 1: Schematic representation of a possible route of the reaction of PUL with methacrylic anhydride and a ¹H-NMR spectra for PUL (A), PUL with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification) (B) and PUL with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification) (C) with distinctive peaks characteristics of methacrylate groups: the protons of the methyl (-CH3) group of the methacrylate groups (1) and the vinylic hydrogens (2 and 3).

[0050] Figure 2: Schematic representation of bioadhesives (TAPUL-MA) formed from the combination of PUL-MA with a degree of substitution and TA, in particular PUL-MA with a degree of methacrylation of 6% (low modification), and PUL-MA with a degree of substitution and TA, in particular PUL-MA with a degree of methacrylation of 13% (high modification). A and B zones correspond to the two different phases in the glue formation, namely the supernatant and the adhesive coacervate phase, respectively.

[0051] Figure 3: Schematic representation of a representative fluorescence images of live/dead of L929 cells at 1 day of culture in the extraction adhesive contact media, performed in a bioadhesive with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation of 13% (high modification) and in a bioadhesive with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation of 6% (low modification).

[0052] Figure 4: A) Representative bars chart of blood clotting time evaluation, in particular with control, control with catalase, TA, PUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification), PUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification), TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification), TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification), TAPUL-MA with catalase with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification) and TAPUL-MA with catalase with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification). B) Representative bars chart of percentage hemolysis, in particular with in particular with Triton-X, Triton-X with Catalase, saline solution, saline solution with catalase, TA, TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification), TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification), TAPUL-MA with Catalase with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification) and TAPUL-MA with catalase with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification). C) Representative image supporting blood clotting time of blood, where is represented only blood with CaCh, blood with TA, blood with TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification), blood with PUL-MAwith a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification), blood with TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification) and blood with TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification), TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification), TAPUL- MA with Catalase with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification) and PUL-MA with catalase with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification). D) Representative image of the blood clotting test of control samples with catalase enzyme.

[0053] Figure 5: Representative antibacterial assays images with TAPUL-MA adhesives: A) agar plates demonstrating antibacterial activity of (1) TA, (2) TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification) (3) TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification), against Staphylococcus aureus, B) agar plates demonstrating antibacterial activity of (1) TA, (2) TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification) (3) TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification), against Escherichia coli. C) Graphical representation of inhibition zone obtained for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with TA, TAPUL- MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification) and TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification).

[0054] Figure 6: Representative curves for adhesives viscosity with the increasing of the shear rates in TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification) and TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification).

[0055] Figure 7: A) schematic representation of the assembly of the porcine skin in the equipment to carry out adhesion shear tests using porcine skin. B) Representative graphical bars charts of adhesion lap shear tests using porcine skin using TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification) and TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification). C and D) representative SEM image of the cross section of the porcine skin with TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 6% (low modification) and TAPUL-MA with a degree of substitution, in particular a degree of methacrylation, of 13% (high modification), respectively. 1 and 2 correspond to the porcine skin and adhesive, respectively.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present disclosure, besides representing an alternative method to surpass the possible neurological effects of dopamine chemical modified adhesives, provides the development of an adhesive composition, and it is the first time that PUL-MA and TA are combined to produce a coacervate to function as a biomedical adhesive.

[0057] In an embodiment, PUL hydroxyl groups (-OH) were reacted with glycidyl methacrylate in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), in the presence of 4- dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), to add methacrylate pendant groups to the polysaccharide structure, at 25-35°C [11], The addition of the acrylate groups helps in the formation of the coacervate faster due to the introduction of hydrophobic groups that drive water away from the interior matrix of the glue. The insertion of acrylate groups in the PUL structure was verified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- NMR) spectroscopy performed before and after modification, as can be seen in Figure 1. Methacrylation was confirmed by the peaks at 1.8-2.0, 5.7-5.9, 6.1-6.3 ppm from methacrylate group. The use of different PU L:glycidyl methacrylate ratios allowed the generation of different methacrylation degrees of PUL (PUL-MA), 13% and 6%, as can be seen on Figures IB and C, which consequently lead to the formation of adhesives with different physicochemical and mechanical properties, as can be seen on Figure 7, that can be used in different applications, such as the development of adhesives for different tissues.

[0058] In an embodiment, for the bioadhesives fabrication, PUL-MA and TA solutions (10%-40% (w/w)) were prepared, mixed and allowed to stabilize for 12h-48h. Then, the two phases of the coacervate, as can be seen on Figure 2, were centrifuged at 1500 to 2600 rpm during 5-30 min at 18-27°C to recover the densest phase, as can be seen on Figure 2B. After the removal of the supernatant, catalase enzyme was introduced in the formulation.

[0059] In an embodiment, in vitro cytotoxicity screening was tested with L929 cell line indirectly, such as can be seen on Figure 3. The extraction of leachable materials from the adhesives was performed at 37°C during 24h in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium - low glucose, according with ISO 10993-1:2020 - Biological evaluation of medical devices — Part 12: Sample preparation and reference materials. After that time period, the cells were placed in contact with the extraction medium and cell viability was assessed after 24h using Calcein AM staining. Cells viability assay showed a uniform distribution of viable cells. Simultaneously, the same assay was conducted with the adhesives without catalase enzyme, as can be seen on Figure 3, and comparative to the control and the same assay time with catalase, the viability decreased in the cells cultured with the extraction media from the adhesives without the enzyme.

[0060] In an embodiment, haemostatic properties were evaluated through blood clotting and haemolysis assay, as can be seen on Figure 4. For the blood clotting tests, whole blood collected from healthy human volunteers with sodium citrate was maintained at 37°C. To 500 pl of citrated blood, 180 mg of adhesive were added, and in the case of the control, 0.25 M calcium chloride was added to recalcify the blood. In each case was accounted the time at which there is no flow of blood upon inversion - blood clotting time. To assess the haemolysis of the material, citrated blood was diluted with a 0.9% (w/v) sodium chloride (NaCI) in water solution (1:9) and 180 mg of each adhesive, was taken in vials to which diluted blood was added and incubated at 37°C for lh. Positive and negative control were 0.1% Triton-X water solution or 0.9% NaCI solution, respectively. After lh, samples were centrifuged (2000 to 2800 rpm, 5 to 15 min) to obtain the plasma (supernatant), whose absorbance (OD value) was read at 540 nm. Hemolysis (%) was calculated using the formula: hemolysis (%) =((Odsample- Odnegative)/(Odpositive-Odnegative)) *100. In the blood clotting test, both TAPUL-MA adhesives showed higher blood clotting capacity regarding the control sample, as can be seen on Figure 4A. Besides, although catalase enzyme avoided the clot formation in the control samples, as can be seen on Figures 4A and 4D, contrary the enzyme had a positive effect in the clot capacity of both TAPUL-MA adhesives, decreasing in both the time of blood clot formation, as can be seen on Figures 4A and 4C, and, therefore, not jeopardizing their ability to function as a haemostatic agent. An identical behaviour was shown in the haemolysis test, where catalase enzyme decreased the haemolysis percentage of both TAPUL-MA bioadhesives, as can be seen on Figure 4B, corresponding to safe percentages of hemolysis.

[0061] The capacity of the adhesives to show antimicrobial properties is critical since open wounds are prone to infection due to a favourable environment for pathogenic organisms. Therefore, the antibacterial properties of the adhesives were evaluated using E. coli and S. aureus (American Type Culture Collection) cultures. TA aqueous solution was used as positive control. Bacteria cellular suspensions (1 mL) were centrifuged at 2000 to 2800 rpm, 5 to 15 min, the supernatant was discarded, and the resulting pellet suspension was resuspended in an aqueous 0.9% (w/v) NaCI solution. The cellular density was determined by UV-vis spectrometry at 600 nm. After inoculum spreading in Mueller Hinton agar medium (Nzytech®), the samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The diameters of the inhibition zones around the adhesives were measured manually. All the formulations of the adhesive showed antibacterial capacity comparable to TA ability with both bacterial species, as can be seen on Figure 5, indicating that the technology now disclosed represent an advantage over other adhesive materials known from the prior art.

[0062] Injectability is an important property, allowing easy application of the prepared materials. In an embodiment, it was evaluated by the shear-thinning behaviour. Both TAPUL-MA adhesive formulations of the present disclosure showed the ability to flow with the application of shear stress, as illustrated on Figure 6, therefore exhibiting a shear-thinning response.

[0063] In an embodiment the adhesive strength of TAPUL-MA 6% (w/w) and TAPUL- MA 13%(w/w) was evaluated through lap shear test in wet porcine skin, by tension loading, according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard protocol (ASTM F2255-05 - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Tissue Adhesives in Lap-Shear by Tension Loading - January 2015). This test was carried out employing a universal mechanical testing machine (INSTRON 3340) equipped with a load cell of 50 N. Two pieces of fresh porcine skin (4x1) cm size and 3 mm width were taken and soaked in water. The soaked skin pieces were taken, and 60 pl of the developed adhesives (TAPUL-MA 6% or TAPUL-MA 13%) were applied between the pieces. After 20 min of curing at 37°C, the skin pieces were clamped to tensile machine and stretched at a rate of 10 mm/min to determine adhesion strength, as can be seen on Figure 7A. TAPUL-MA 13% (20 kPa) allowed higher adhesion strength than TAPUL- MA 6%, according to what is illustrated in Figure 7B, which was also higher to the fibrin sealants (<15 kPa) widely used in surgery [12], Additionally, after the lap shear test performance, the cross section of the porcine skin with the bioadhesives was analysed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as can be seen on Figures 7C and 7D. Even after the test, both adhesives remain adhered to the porcine skin, as can be illustrated in Figures 7C1-2 and 7D1-2, indicating that the composition of the present disclosure has higher tissue adhesion.

[0064] The term "comprising" whenever used in this document is intended to indicate the presence of stated features, integers, steps, components, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof. [0065] The disclosure should not be seen in any way restricted to the embodiments described and a person with ordinary skill in the art will foresee many possibilities to modifications thereof.

[0066] The above described embodiments are combinable.

[0067] The following claims further set out particular embodiments of the disclosure.

References

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2. Kim, K. et al. TAPE: A Medical Adhesive Inspired by a Ubiquitous Compound in Plants. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 2402-2410 (2015).

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4. Bal-Ozturk, A. et al. Tissue adhesives: From research to clinical translation. Nano Today 36, 101049 (2021).

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6. Sheikh, N., Katbab, A. A. & Mirzadeh, H. Isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer as bioadhesive base material: synthesis and characterization. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 20, 299-304 (2000).

7. Zhang, L. et al. Pullulan dialdehyde crosslinked gelatin hydrogels with high strength for biomedical applications. Carbohydr. Polym. 216, 45-53 (2019).

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9. Zhang, H. et al. Mussel-inspired hyperbranched poly(amino ester) polymer as strong wet tissue adhesive. Biomaterials 35, 711-719 (2014). 10. Nam, H. G., Nam, M. G., Yoo, P. J. & Kim, J. H. Hydrogen bonding-based strongly adhesive coacervate hydrogels synthesized using poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and tannic acid. Soft Matter 15, 785-791 (2019).

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12. Sundaram, M. N. et al. Bioadhesive, Hemostatic, and Antibacterial in Situ Chitin- Fibrin Nanocomposite Gel for Controlling Bleeding and Preventing Infections at Mediastinum. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6, 7826-7840 (2018).

Claims

C L A I M S An adhesive composition comprising

10 to 40% (w/w) of a moiety modified polymeric matrix and 10 to 40% (w/w) polyphenol tannic acid (TA) and a catalase enzyme; wherein said modified polymeric matrix is selected from a list consisting of: pullulan, dextran, laminarin, cellulose and combination thereof; wherein said moiety is selected from a list consisting of methacrylate, acrylate, ethacrylate, acrylamide, allyl reactive group and combinations thereof. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the polymeric matrix and the methacrylate moiety are covalently bounded. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the polymeric matrix is pullulan. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the moiety is methacrylate. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the concentration of the modified polymeric matrix ranges from 15 to 35% (w/w), preferably from 15 to 30% (w/w), more preferably from 16 to 28% (w/w). The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the methacrylation degree of the polymer matrix ranges from 2 to 30%, preferably 2 to 20%; more preferably from 5% to 15%. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the concentration of polyphenol TA ranges from 15 to 35% (w/w), preferably from 15 to 30% (w/w), preferably from 16 to 28% (w/w). The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, further comprising a polyphenol selected from a list consisting of phenolic acid, coumarin, flavonoid or combination thereof. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the PUL molecular weight ranges from 90 kDa to 120 kDa, preferably from 95 kDa to 110 kDa. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, further comprising an active ingredient and/or an additive. The adhesive composition according to the previous claim wherein the active ingredient is a drug or a cell. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the additive is a stabilizer, a preservative, an antioxidant and/or a vitamin. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, wherein the catalase enzyme is a peroxidase. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims further comprising a further second polymer selected from a list consisting of dextran, laminarin, cellulose or combination thereof. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims, comprising an antioxidant and/or ROS-scavenging agent selected from a list consisting of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, uric acid, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, -carotene, or combinations thereof. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims for use in medicine or veterinary. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims for use in tissue engineering or regenerative medicine. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims for use in the therapy or treatment of skin wounds. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims wherein the composition is in an injectable form. The adhesive composition according to any of the previous claims wherein said composition is a topical composition. An article comprising the adhesive composition described in any of the previous claims. The article according to the previous claim wherein the article is a patch, cell culture platform, delivery matrix, capsule, disc, membrane, microparticle or a 3D printed structure. A kit comprising the adhesive composition described in any of the previous claims. Use of the adhesive composition described in any of the previous claims as an enhancer of wound healing. Use of the adhesive described in any of the previous claims as an injectable system. Use of the adhesive described in any of the previous claims in cell-derived platform, tissue adhesive, bone adhesive, bioadhesive test, medical adhesive, namely as a sealing or hemostatic agent in surgery or as cell or tissue culture dishes. Method for the production of an adhesive composition described in any of the claims 1 to 20, comprising the steps of: reacting a modified polymeric matrix with hydroxyl groups with a moiety, in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide, in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) at 25 to 35°C; preparing PUL-MA and TA mixed solutions and allow them to stabilize for 12h to 48h; centrifuging the mixture obtained in the previous step at 1500 to 2600 rpm during 5-30 minutes at 18 to 27°C; recovering the densest phase of the mixture; introducing the catalase enzyme wherein the modified polymeric matrix is selected from a list consisting of pullulan, dextran, laminarin, cellulose and combination thereof. Method according to the previous claim, wherein the said moiety is selected from a list consisting of methacrylate, acrylate, ethacrylate, acrylamide, allyl reactive group and combinations thereof.