WO2024002046A1 - Oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods using the same - Google Patents
Oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024002046A1 WO2024002046A1 PCT/CN2023/102623 CN2023102623W WO2024002046A1 WO 2024002046 A1 WO2024002046 A1 WO 2024002046A1 CN 2023102623 W CN2023102623 W CN 2023102623W WO 2024002046 A1 WO2024002046 A1 WO 2024002046A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alkylene
- alkyl
- arylene
- cycloalkylene
- group
- Prior art date
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 66
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- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the technical field of genetic modulation, and in particular to unique compounds useful for enhancing delivery efficiency of oligonucleotides both in vitro and in vivo.
- Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics has been an emerging technology as its mechanisms of action provide expression regulation on almost unlimited target genes.
- the administration of oligonucleotides to patients, organs, tissues or cells may elicit or impact various biochemical reactions and thus achieve functions such as silencing, inhibiting, activating, and modulation of gene expression.
- the opportunity to use oligonucleotide-based therapy holds significant promise, providing solutions to medical problems that could not be addressed with traditional medicines.
- one of the major obstacles for the commercialization of oligonucleotide-based medicine is a lack of effective methods for delivering it to the right organ, tissue, or cell.
- Oligonucleotide therapeutics typically have a molecular weight ranging from 7 kDa to 14 kDa and comprise strong negative charge due to the inclusion of phosphodiester or phosphorothioate in the backbone thereof.
- the relatively large molecular weight and the high negative charge density restrain the transmission of oligonucleotides across cell membranes.
- Many strategies have been exploited for promoting the oligonucleotide delivery and yet, the delivery efficiency remains challenging.
- the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound (DEC) comprising a nitrogen-containing five membered heterocyclic ring moiety, the DEC can be directly or indirectly attached to an oligonucleotide so as to be used to enhance the delivery efficiency of oligonucleotides to a subject both in vitro and in vivo.
- the DEC has a structure represented by Formula AI or Formula AII
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound comprises a moiety represented by Formula BI
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound a structure represented by Formula BII
- an oligonucleotide delivery agent comprising a DEC moiety derived from the DEC of the present disclosure and at least one oligonucleotide, wherein the DEC moiety is directly or indirectly linked to the oligonucleotide via at least one linking moiety.
- the oligonucleotide can be antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) , antisense RNA, short interfering RNA (siRNA) , micro-RNA (miRNA) , small activating RNA (saRNA) , double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) , and small guide RNA (sgRNA) .
- composition comprising the DEC of the present disclosure
- the pharmaceutical composition may optionally comprise additional ingredients, such as pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, solvent, diluent, stabilizer, dispersant, buffer, compatibilizer, preservative agent and combinations thereof.
- Also provided herein is method of modulating the expression of a target gene in a subject in vitro or in vivo, wherein the method comprises the step of administrating the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to a subject in the case of in vivo assays or therapeutic treatment, or contacting the pharmaceutical composition with a cell in the case of in vitro assays.
- FIG. 1 shows the knockdown activity of delivery enhancing compound conjugated siRNA (i.e., DEC-conjugated siRNA or DEC-siRNA) on mouse Factor VII (mFVII) mRNA expression in primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) cells.
- PMH cells were transfected via lipofectamine TM RNAiMax with each of the indicated DEC-conjugated oligonucleotide (DCOs) (i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712) at 0.1 nM and 1.0 nM for 24 hours.
- DCOs DEC-conjugated oligonucleotide
- dsCon2 served as a non-specific duplex control.
- mFVII mRNA levels were quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- Tbp was amplified as an internal reference. Shown are the mean values of mFVII mRNA in the cells relative to Mock treatment after normalizing to Tbp [mean ⁇ Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) of two replicated wells] .
- FIG. 2. shows the knockdown activity of DEC-conjugated siRNA on mouse FVII mRNA expression by free uptake in PMH cells.
- the indicated DCOs i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712, as described in FIG. 1.
- DCOs were directly added to PMH cell culture media at 0.01, 0.05, 0.20, 0.78, 3.13, 12.50, 50 and 200 nM for 24 hours.
- Mock treatment was transfected in absence of oligonucleotide (not shown) .
- dsCon2 duplex served as a non-specific duplex control (not shown) .
- mFVII mRNA levels were quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set. Tbp was amplified as an internal reference. Shown are the mean values of mFVII mRNA in the cells relative to Mock treatment after normalizing to Tbp (mean ⁇ SEM of two replicated wells) .
- FIG. 3. shows the in vivo knockdown activity of DEC-conjugated siRNAs on mouse FVII mRNA expression via subcutaneous injection (SC) injection in C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated DCOs i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712, as described in FIG. 1.
- PND postnatal day
- Saline was injected as a vehicle control to establish the baseline of mFVII mRNA expression.
- mice were sacrificed on 3 days post dosing and mFVII mRNA levels were quantified in total RNA isolated from liver tissue preps via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set. Tbp was amplified as an internal reference. Mean mFVII mRNA levels in liver tissue of each treatment group are shown relative to saline group after normalizing to Tbp (mean ⁇ SEM of 3 animals per group) .
- FIG. 4. shows the in vivo knockdown activity of DEC-conjugated siRNA on mouse FVII protein expression via SC injection in C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated DCOs i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585 and RD-12586, as described in FIG. 1.
- Saline was injected as a vehicle control to establish the baseline of mFVII protein expression.
- Mice were sacrificed on day 3 following treatment and mFVII protein level was quantified in mice plasma by ELISA assay.
- FIG. 5. shows the duration of DEC-conjugated siRNA knockdown activity on mouse FVII protein expression via SC injection in C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated DCOs i.e., RD-12710 and RD-12712
- RD-11706 was injected at 3 mg/kg and served as a control.
- Saline was injected as a vehicle control to establish the baseline of mFVII protein expression.
- Mouse plasmas were collected on day 10, 31, 54, 61, 80 and 89 following treatment and mFVII protein level was quantified in mouse plasma by ELISA assay.
- Mean mFVII protein levels in mouse plasma by detecting the OD values of 3 animals at each time point of per group are shown relative to saline group (mean ⁇ SEM of 3 animals at each time point of each group) .
- FIGs. 6A-6B show in vitro knockdown activity of DEC-siRNAs on mouse Sod1 (Sod1) mRNA expression by free uptake in PMH cells.
- DEC-siRNAs i.e., RD-13110, RD-13115 and RD-13118
- concentration gradient i.e. 1.56, 6.25, 25, 100, 400 and 1600 nM
- Sod1 mRNA levels were quantified via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set following RNA isolation and RT reactions. Tbp was amplified as an internal reference.
- Treatment with RD-12556 served as a non-conjugate control for comparison of dose dependent knockdown in absence DEC conjugation was shown in FIG. 6B (mean ⁇ SEM of two replicated wells) .
- FIG. 7 shows in vivo knockdown activity of different DEC-siRNAs on Sod1 mRNA expression via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection in adult C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated DEC-siRNAs i.e., RD-13110, RD-13115 and RD-13118
- ICV intracerebroventricular
- mice were sacrificed on 7 days post dosing and Sod1 mRNA knockdown was quantified in brain (i.e., brain-frontal cortex, cerebrum and brain-cerebellum) , spinal cord (i.e., cervical, thoracic and lumbar) and peripheral tissue (i.e., liver) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set after RNA isolation and RT reaction.
- Tbp was amplified as an internal reference.
- Mean Sod1 mRNA levels are shown in each of the indicated tissues relative to mRNA levels in the saline group after normalizing to Tbp (mean ⁇ SEM of 2-3 animals per group) .
- FIG. 8 shows in vivo activity of different DEC-siRNAs on knocking down Sod1 mRNA expression following intravenous (IV) injection into the lateral tail vein of adult C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated DEC-siRNAs i.e., RD-13110, RD-13115 and RD-13118
- Saline was injected as a vehicle control to establish the baseline.
- RD-12556 was injected at 20 mg/kg as a non-conjugate control.
- mice were sacrificed on day 7 following treatment and Sod1 mRNA knockdown was quantified in select peripheral tissues (i.e., heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and bladder) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set after RNA isolation and RT reaction.
- Tbp was amplified as an internal reference. Mean Sod1 mRNA levels are shown in each of the indicated tissues relative to mRNA levels in the saline group after normalizing to Tbp (mean ⁇ SEM of 3 animals per group) .
- FIG. 9 shows in vivo knockdown activity of different DEC-siRNAs on Sod1 mRNA expression following IV injection into adult C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated DEC-siRNAs i.e., RD-13110, RD-13115 and RD-13118
- Saline was injected as a vehicle control to establish the baseline.
- RD-12556 was injected at 20 mg/kg as a non-conjugate control.
- Sod1 mRNA levels were quantified in skeletal muscle tissue from different locations (i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set after RNA isolation and RT reaction.
- Tbp was amplified as an internal reference for RNA loading.
- Mean Sod1 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle tissue of 3 animals per group are shown relative to mRNA levels in the saline group after normalizing to Tbp (mean ⁇ SEM of 3 animals per group) .
- FIG. 10 shows knockdown activity of different DEC-siRNAs on rat Sod1 mRNA expression via intravitreal (IVT) injection in adult SD rats.
- the indicated DEC-siRNAs i.e., RD-13115 and RD-13118
- IVT injection 30 ⁇ g per left eye.
- the right eye of each rat served as a non-injected naive eye.
- Saline was injected as a vehicle control to establish the baseline.
- RD-12556 was injected as a non-conjugate control.
- Rats were sacrificed on day 14 following treatment and Sod1 mRNA levels were quantified in eyes via RT-qPCR using a rat gene specific primer set after RNA isolation and RT reaction.
- Geometric mean of the mRNA levels of Hprt1 and Hmbs were used as an internal reference for RNA loading.
- Mean Sod1 mRNA levels in retina tissue of 3 animalsfor each group are shown relative to mRNA levels in the saline group after normalizing to Hprt1 and Hmbs.
- the data represents mean ⁇ SEM of 3 mice per group.
- FIG. 11 shows the saRNA concentration of DEC-saRNA in adult C57BL/6J mice bladder after intravesical bladder (IVB) instillation.
- the indicated DEC-saRNA i.e., RD-13520
- RD-10773 was injected as a non-conjugate saRNA control (i.e., in absence of DEC) .
- mice were sacrificed on 2-, 6-, 12-hour, day-1 and day-4 following treatment and the concentrations of RD-13520 and RD-10773 were quantified in bladder tissue via stem-loop RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set (R1- 40-AS-SL-RT, R1-40-AS-SL-F1 and SL-RT-qPCR-Uni-R2, see Table 13) .
- FIGs. 12A-12C show body weight change of and Sod1 knockdown activity of DEC-siRNAs via IV injection in adult C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated siRNAs i.e., RD-15135, RD-15136, RD-15137 and RD-15138
- RD-15135 served as a non-conjugate control.
- RD-15136 was a lipid (i.e., C16) conjugated siRNA.
- RD-15137 with a typical DEC structure i.e., C5X5 served as a typical DEC-siRNA.
- FIG. 12A shows the body weight change of C57BL/6J mice out to day 28 post treatment.
- FIG. 12B shows the remaining mouse Sod1 mRNA on 14 days post dosing as quantified in tissues from periphery (i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, pancreas, diaphragm) , blood vessel (i.e., thoracic aorta with vein) and skeletal muscle (i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- periphery i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, pancreas, diaphragm
- blood vessel i.e., thoracic aorta with vein
- skeletal muscle i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus
- FIG. 12C shows the remaining mouse Sod1 mRNA on 28 days post dosing as quantified in tissues from periphery (i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, pancreas, diaphragm) , blood vessel (i.e., thoracic aorta with vein) and skeletal muscle (i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- Rpl13a was amplified as an internal reference.
- Mean Sod1 mRNA levels in the selected mouse tissues are shown relative saline control after normalized to Rpl13a. The data represents mean ⁇ SEM of 3 mice per group.
- FIGs. 13A-13C show body weight change of and Sod1 knockdown activity of DEC-siRNAs via intrathecal (IT) injection in adult SD female rats.
- the indicated siRNAs i.e., RD-15135, RD-15136, RD-15137 and RD-15138
- RD-15136 was administered into C57BL/6J mice at 0.9 mg.RD-15135 served as a non-conjugate control.
- RD-15136 was a lipid (i.e., C16) conjugated siRNA.
- RD-15137 with a typical DEC structure i.e., C5X5 served as a typical DEC-siRNA.
- aCSF cerebrospinal fluid
- FIG. 13B shows the remaining rat Sod1 mRNA on 14 days post dosing as quantified in tissues from brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and cerebrum) , spinal cord (i.e., cervical, thoracic and lumbar) and periphery (i.e., liver and kidney) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- FIG. 13C shows the remaining rat Sod1 mRNA on 28 days post dosing as quantifiedin tissues from brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and brainstem) , spinal cord (i.e., cervical, thoracic and lumbar) and periphery (i.e., liver and kidney) .
- FIGs. 14A-14B show the in vitro knockdown activity of DEC-siRNA with accessory oligonucleotide (i.e., DEC-siRNA-ACO) on human SOD1 (i.e., SOD1) mRNA expression in SK-N-AS and T98G cells.
- the indicated DEC-siRNA-ACOs i.e., RD-16149, RD-16099, RD-16100, RD-16101, RD-16150, RD-16103, RD-16104 and RD-16105
- RD-16106 was transfected and served as a siRNA-ACO control. Mock treatments were transfected in absence of oligonucleotide (not shown) . SOD1 mRNA levels were quantified via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set following RNA isolation and RT reactions. B2M was amplified as an internal reference. Shown are the mean values of remaining SOD1 mRNA in the cells relative to Mock treatment after normalizing to B2M (mean ⁇ SEM of two replicated wells) .
- FIGs. 15A-15B show SOD1 knockdown activity and tissue concentration of siRNAs via ICV injection in adult hSOD1 G93A mice.
- the indicated siRNAs i.e., RD-14851, RD-12500, RD-16145 and RD-16334.
- RD-14851, RD-12500 and RD-16145 were administered as siRNA-ACOs.
- RD-16334 with a DEC structure i.e., L17
- Treatment with aCSF alone was used as a vehicle control to establish baseline expression.
- FIG. 15A shows the remaining SOD1 mRNA on 30 days post dosing as quantified in tissues from brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and cerebrum) , spinal cord and periphery (i.e., liver) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- Rpl13a was amplified as an internal reference.
- Mean SOD1 mRNA levels in the selected mouse tissues are shown relative to mRNA levels in the aCSF group after normalized to Rpl13a.
- 15B shows the concentration of the antisense strand of each siRNA in tissues from brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and cerebrum) , spinal cord and periphery (i.e., liver) via stem-loop RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set (R17-02-AS-SL-RT, R17-02-AS-SL-F3 and SL-RT-qPCR-Uni-R1, see Table 13) 30 days posting dosing.
- FIGs. 16A-16B show splicing activity of “saRNA-ASO” DEC conjugated dual acting oligonucleotides (DEC-DAO) structure at converting SMN2 pre-mRNA to SMN2FL over the SMN2 ⁇ 7 mRNA isoform in GM03813 cells.
- DEC-DAO dual acting oligonucleotides
- DEC-DAO linkage with L21 linker i.e., RD-16939 and RD-16940
- DEC-saSMN2 i.e., RD-1642
- DEC-antisense oligonucleotide i.e., RD-14644
- FIGs. 16A-16B show the mRNA levels of SMN2FL and SMN2 ⁇ 7 as quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set in each of the PCR reactions.
- SDHA was amplified as an internal reference used to normalize expression data. Data represents mean expression levels of SMN2FL or SMN2 ⁇ 7 relative to Mock treatment after normalized to SDHA (mean ⁇ SEM of two replicated transfection wells) .
- FIGs. 17A-17C show the effect of “saRNA-siRNA” DEC-DAO structure targeting two different human genes (SMN2 and SOD1) on the expression of SMN2 (SMN2FL and SMN2 ⁇ 7) and SOD1 in GM03813 cells.
- the indicated DEC-DAO linkage with L21 linker (i.e., RD-16941) , DEC-saSMN2 (i.e., RD-16424) and DEC-siSOD1 (i.e., RD-13115) were transfected into GM03813 cells at indicated concentrations (i.e., 0.1, 1 and 10 nM) for 3 days.
- FIGs. 17A-17B show the mRNA levels of SMN2FL and SMN2 ⁇ 7 as quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set in each of the PCR reactions.
- 17C shows remaining SOD1 mRNA levels as quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set in each of the PCR reactions.
- SDHA was amplified as an internal reference used to normalize expression data. Data represents mean expression levels of SMN2FL, SMN2 ⁇ 7 or SOD1 relative to Mock treatment after normalized to SDHA (mean ⁇ SEM of two replicated transfection wells) .
- FIGs. 18A-18B show knockdown activity of “siRNA-siRNA” DEC-DAO structure targeting two different mouse genes (Sod1 and Ppig) on the expression of mouse Sod1 and mouse Ppig in mouse myoblast cell line (C2C12) .
- the indicated DEC-DAO linkage with L21 linker (i.e., RD-16942) , DEC-siSod1 (i.e., RD-13115) and DEC-siPpig (i.e., RD-14672) were transfected into C2C12 cells at indicated concentrations (i.e., 0.01, 0.1 and 1 nM) for 24 hours. Mock treatments were transfected in the absence of an oligonucleotide.
- RD-16381 was transfected as a non-specific DEC control.
- Combo treatment i.e., RD-13115+RD-14672
- combo treatment control i.e., RD-16381+RD-13115, RD-16381+RD-14672 were also transfected into C2C12 cells at indicated concentrations (i.e., 0.01, 0.1 and 1 nM) for 24 hours.
- FIG. 18A shows remaining mouse Sod1 mRNA levels as quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set in each of the PCR reactions.
- FIG. 18B shows the remaining mouse Ppig mRNA levels as quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set in each of the PCR reactions.
- Mouse Rpl13a was amplified as an internal reference used to normalize expression data. Data represents mean expression levels of Sod1 and Ppig relative to Mock treatment after normalized to Rpl13a (mean ⁇ SEM of two replicated transfection wells) .
- FIG. 19 shows knockdown activity of “siRNA-siRNA” DEC-DAO structure targeting two different mouse genes (Sod1 and Ppig) on the expression of mouse Sod1 and mouse Ppig in adult C57BL/6J mice.
- the indicated DEC-DAO linkage with L21 linker (i.e., RD-16942) , DEC-siSod1 (i.e., RD-13115) and DEC-siPpig (i.e., RD-14672) were administered into C57BL/6J mice via IV injection at 10 mg/kg.
- Combo treatment i.e., RD-13115+RD-14672 was administered via IV injection at 10 mg/kg.
- Treatment with saline alone was used as a vehicle control to establish baseline expression.
- Remaining mouse Sod1 mRNA on 14 days post dosing were quantified in tissues from periphery (i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, diaphragm) , blood vessel (i.e., thoracic aorta with vein) and skeletal muscle (i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- Tbp was amplified as an internal reference used to normalize expression data.
- Mean Sod1 mRNA levels in the selected mouse tissues are shown relative to mRNA levels in the saline group after normalized to Tbp. The data represents mean ⁇ SEM of 3-4 mice per group.
- FIGs. 20A-20B compares the oligonucleotide concentration of DEC-saRNA to non- conjugated saRNA in retina and vitreous humor of adult SD rat after intravitreal (IVT) injection.
- the indicated DEC-saRNA (i.e., RD-16447) and non-conjugated saRNA (i.e., RD-12173) were administered via IVT injection at 0.03 mg.
- the rats were sacrificed on 1-hour, day-1, -3, -7, -14 and -28 following treatment and the concentrations of RD-16447 and RD-12173 were quantified in retina and vitreous humor via stem-loop RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set of (R1C-0M4-AS-SL-RT, R1C-0M4-AS-SL-F4 and SL-RT-qPCR-Uni-R1, see Table 13) .
- Mean values of oligonucleotide concentrations of each group are shown (mean ⁇ SEM of 3 animals per group) .
- FIG. 21 shows the in vitro knockdown activity of DEC-siRNA on SOD1 mRNA expression in T98G cells.
- the indicated DEC-siRNA i.e., RD-17138
- RD-11566 was transfected and served as a non-specific duplex control.
- Mock treatments were transfected in absence of oligonucleotide.
- SOD1 mRNA levels were quantified via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set following RNA isolation and RT reactions.
- B2M was amplified as an internal reference used to normalize expression data. Shown are the mean values of remaining SOD1 mRNA in the cells relative to Mock treatment after normalizing to B2M (mean ⁇ SEM of four replicated wells) .
- the newly developed oligonucleotide delivery agent enables more efficient delivery of desired amount or higher level of the oligonucleotides, as compared to the oligonucleotide delivery technologies of the prior art, at the above indicated target tissues, and thus may improve bioactive and pharmacological properties (e.g., biodistribution, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, activity, potency, etc. ) .
- bioactive and pharmacological properties e.g., biodistribution, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, activity, potency, etc.
- the improvement of bioactive properties may cause improved cell uptake, higher potency, and longer duration/half-life.
- the improvement of pharmacological properties may also lead to lower toxicity, lower dose, less frequent administrations, and less undesired immune responses.
- the present oligonucleotide delivery agent involves a simpler synthesis process and thus has better processibility in manufacturing.
- the present oligonucleotide delivery agent possesses inherent pharmacological properties of a free benzimidazole or a benzimidazole derivative which targets proton pump (as reversible and irreversible proton pump inhibitors, PPI) , dopamine receptor (DRD) , angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) , histamine receptor (HRH) , dual specific mitogen activated protein kinase (MEK) and/or cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) , etc.
- the inherent pharmacological properties enable the present oligonucleotide delivery agent to be potentially used in drugs including peptic ulcer, hypertension, schizophrenia, parasitic infection, bacterial infection, virus infection, and cancer, etc.
- the newly developed oligonucleotide delivery agent disclosed herein can facilitate delivery of an effective amount of oligonucleotides to achieve and function at target tissues or cells, e.g., in central nervous system (e.g., brain and spinal cord) , liver, lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, cholecyst, heart, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, bladder, muscle and bone.
- the oligonucleotide delivery agent s modulating activities, e.g., up-regulating or down-regulating, the expression of a target gene in the cells can be improved as compared to the technologies of the prior art.
- oligonucleotide delivery agent as described herein may facilitate improved bio-distribution of therapeutic oligonucleotides in various target (s) or cells as stated above for preventing, treating and/or delaying on-set of various diseases, disorders and/or conditions.
- any numerical ranges include any numerical values in the range (including the upper and lower values) , and also any sub-ranges in the range.
- the range from 1 to 3 may include any of the numerical values 1, 2 and 3, as well as sub-ranges from 1 to 2 and from 2 to 3.
- oligonucleotide refers to polymers of nucleotides, and includes, but is not limited to, single-stranded, double-stranded or partial double-stranded nucleic acid molecules of DNA, RNA, or DNA/RNA hybrid, oligonucleotide strands containing regularly and irregularly alternating deoxyribosyl portions and ribosyl portions, as well as modified and naturally or unnaturally existing frameworks for such oligonucleotides.
- the oligonucleotide can be selected from the group consisting of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) , antisense RNA, short interfering RNA (siRNA) , micro-RNA (miRNA) , small activating RNA (saRNA) , dsRNA, and small guide RNA (sgRNA) .
- ASO antisense oligonucleotide
- siRNA short interfering RNA
- miRNA micro-RNA
- saRNA small activating RNA
- dsRNA small guide RNA
- oligonucleotide strand , “strand” and “oligonucleotide sequence” as used herein can be used interchangeably and refer to a generic term for short nucleotide sequences having less than 50 bases, such as less than 45, less than 40, less than 35 bases, such as 2-50 bases, or 5-45 bases, or 10-40 bases, or 15-35 bases, or 20-30 bases (including nucleotides in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) ) .
- DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
- RNA ribonucleic acid
- the length of a strand can be any length from 5 to 50 nucleotides, 10 to 40 nucleotides, 15 to 35 nucleotides, 18 to 30 nucleotides or 20 to 25 nucleotides.
- target gene can refer to nucleic acid sequences, transgenes, viral or bacterial sequences, chromosomes or extrachromosomal genes that are naturally present in organisms, and/or can be transiently or stably transfected or incorporated into cells and/or chromatins thereof.
- the target gene can be a protein-coding gene or a non-protein-coding gene such as a microRNA gene and a long non-coding RNA gene.
- one target gene is SOD1.
- target sequence is a sequence fragment to which the sense strand or antisense oligonucleotide of the siRNA or saRNA is homologous or complementary.
- a SOD1 siRNA is homologous or complementary to a target select sequence within human SOD1 transcript.
- the term “guide strand” or “G strand” refers to a strand in a small RNA duplex that assembles with the Argonaute (AGO) protein.
- the other strand partially or completely complementary to the guide strand is called “passenger strand” or “P strand” .
- the strand carrying the complementary sequence to the target is the antisense strand and, if properly designed, will be preferentially chosen to be the guide strand.
- the passenger strand is the sense strand.
- the sense strand can be selected as the guide strand, resultant in an antisense passenger strand.
- LNA refers to a locked nucleic acid in which the 2’ -oxygen and 4’ -carbon atoms are joined by an extra bridge.
- BNA refers to a 2′-O and 4′-aminoethylene bridged nucleic acid that can contain a five-membered or six-membered bridged structure with an N-O linkage.
- PNA refers to a nucleic acid mimic with a pseudopeptide backbone composed of N- (2-aminoethyl) glycine units with the nucleobases attached to the glycine nitrogen via carbonyl methylene linkers.
- antisense oligonucleotide refers to a single strand oligonucleotide or the like having, comprising, or consisting of a sequence of bases or the like which allow the oligonucleotide or the like to hybridize to a target molecule, such as another nucleic acid, modified nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog, e.g., by base-pairing, such as Watson-Crick base-pairing or non-Watson-Crick base pairing.
- a target molecule such as another nucleic acid, modified nucleic acid or nucleic acid analog, e.g., by base-pairing, such as Watson-Crick base-pairing or non-Watson-Crick base pairing.
- an antisense oligonucleotide is fully complementary or nearly fully complementary to the target molecule.
- any oligonucleotide of any type described herein or known in the art can be used as an antisense oligonucleotide.
- an antisense oligonucleotide can perform or participate in any of various biological functions, including RNA interference, RNase H-mediated cleavage, exon skipping, the prevention of exon skipping, the enhancement or blocking of an agent (e.g., a protein, RNA, protein-RNA complex, or any other molecule) from binding to another nucleic acid, or any other biological function performed by an antisense oligonucleotide, as described herein or known in the art.
- an agent e.g., a protein, RNA, protein-RNA complex, or any other molecule
- small interfering RNA can be used interchangeably and refer to a ribonucleic acid molecule that can down-regulate, knockdown, or silence target gene expression. It can be a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule. It interferes with the expression of specific genes with complementary nucleotide sequences by degrading mRNA after transcription, preventing translation. siRNA binds to target mRNA mainly in the cytoplasm to down-regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally via the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism.
- RNAi RNA interference
- siRNAs may be designed to target a gene’s mRNA sequence to silence its expression via the RNAi mechanism, such as SOD1, for maximizing treatment outcomes, e.g., for ALS patients.
- siRNAs are molecules having endogenous RNA bases or chemically modified nucleotides. The modifications do not abolish cellular activity, but rather impart increased stability and/or increased cellular potency. Examples of chemical modifications include phosphorothioate groups, 2′-deoxynucleotide, 2′-OCH 3 -containing ribonucleotides, 2′-F-ribonucleotides, 2′-methoxyethyl ribonucleotides, combinations thereof and the like.
- the siRNA can have varying lengths (e.g., 10-200 bps) and structures (e.g., hairpins, single/double/partial-double strands, bulges, nicks/gaps, mismatches) and are processed in cells to provide active gene silencing.
- a double-stranded siRNA can have the same number of nucleotides on each strand (blunt ends) or asymmetric ends (overhangs) .
- An overhang of 1-2 nucleotides, for example, can be present on the sense and/or the antisense strand, as well as present on the 5′-and/or the 3′-ends of a given strand.
- the length of the siRNA molecule is typically about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 50, about 15 to about 30, about 17 to about 29, about 18 to about 28, about 19 to about 27, about 20 to about 26, about 21 to about 25, and about 22 to about 24 base pairs, and typically about 15, about 16, about 17, about 18, about 19, about 20, about 21, about 23, about 25, about 30, about 40, or about 50 base pairs.
- the terms “small interfering RNA” , “silencing RNA” and “siRNA” also contain nucleic acids other than the ribonucleotide, including, but not limited to, modified nucleotides or analogues.
- small activating RNA As used herein, the terms “small activating RNA” , “saRNA” and “small activating ribonucleic acid” can be used interchangeably and refer to a ribonucleic acid molecule that can up-regulate target gene expression. It can be a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule composed of a first nucleic acid strand containing a ribonucleotide sequence with sequence homology with the non-coding nucleic acid sequence (such as a promoter and an enhancer) of a target gene and a second nucleic acid strand containing a nucleotide sequence complementary with the first strand.
- a ribonucleic acid molecule that can up-regulate target gene expression. It can be a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule composed of a first nucleic acid strand containing a ribonucleotide sequence with sequence homology with the non-coding nucleic acid sequence (such as a promoter and an
- the saRNA can also be comprised of a synthesized or vector-expressed single-stranded RNA molecule that prone to form a hairpin structure by two complementary regions within the molecule, wherein the first region contains a ribonucleotide sequence having sequence homology with the target sequence of a promoter of a gene, and a ribonucleotide sequence contained in the second region is complementary with the first region.
- the length of the duplex region of the saRNA molecule is typically about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 50, about 10 to about 40, about 12 to about 30, about 14 to about 28, about 16 to about 26, about 18 to about 24, and about 20 to about 22 base pairs, and typically about 10, about 13, about 15, about 17, about 18, about 19, about 20, about 21, about 22, about 25, about 30, about 40, about 50, or about 60 base pairs.
- the terms “small activating RNA” , “saRNA” and “small activating ribonucleic acid” also contain nucleic acids other than the ribonucleotide, including, but not limited to, modified nucleotides or analogues.
- ODV oligonucleotide delivery vehicle
- oligonucleotide delivery vehicle refers to an oligonucleotide molecule comprising a duplex or double-stranded RNA (e.g., siRNA or saRNA) and an accessory oligonucleotide (ACO) which is covalently linked to the duplex RNA via a linker.
- RNA e.g., siRNA or saRNA
- ACO accessory oligonucleotide
- delivery enhancing compound and “DEC” are used interchangeably and refer to the compound of the present disclosure.
- DEC-conjugated oligonucleotide and “DCO” can be used interchangeably and refer to a combination in which at least one moiety derived from the DEC has been attached, e.g. covalently, to at least one oligonucleotide. Additionally, the DCO may further comprising at least one targeting moiety which helps the oligonucleotide in targeting to, accumulating in, or accessing to target site in a cell.
- administration refers to ordinary enteral administration, topical administration, and especially, injection administration, and may include, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intraarticular, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, and intrasternal injection and infusion.
- the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to an active agent, optionally formulated together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and other additives.
- active agent is present in unit dose amount appropriate for administration in a therapeutic regimen that shows a statistically significant probability of achieving a predetermined therapeutic effect when administered to a relevant population.
- compositions may be specially formulated for administration in solid or liquid form, including those adapted for the following: oral administration, for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions) , tablets, e.g., those targeted for buccal, sublingual, and systemic absorption, boluses, powders, granules, pastes for application to the tongue; parenteral administration, for example, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or epidural injection as, for example, a sterile solution or suspension, or sustained-release formulation; topical application, for example, as a cream, ointment, or a controlled-release patch or spray applied to the skin, lungs, or oral cavity; intravaginally or intrarectally, for example, as a pessary, cream, or foam; sublingually; ocularly; transdermally; or nasally, pulmonary, and to other mucosal surfaces.
- oral administration for example, drenches (aqueous or non-aqueous solutions
- the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition or vehicle such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, or solvent encapsulating material, involved in carrying or transporting the subject compound from one organ, or portion of the body, to another organ, or portion of the body.
- Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not injurious to the patient.
- materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include: sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ring
- the term “subject” , “test subject” and related terms, as used herein, refer to any organism to which a provided compound or composition is administered in accordance with the present invention e.g., for experimental, diagnostic, prophylactic, and/or therapeutic purposes. Typical subjects include animals (e.g., mammals such as mice, rats, rabbits, non-human primates, and humans; fishes; birds; insects; worms; etc. ) and plants. In some embodiments, a subject may be suffering from, and/or susceptible to a disease, disorder, and/or condition. In some embodiments, a subject is a human being or other mammal. In some embodiments, a subject can be male or female.
- the animal is a vertebrate such as a primate, rodent, domestic animal or game animal.
- primates include chimpanzees, cynomolgus monkeys, spider monkeys, and macaques, e.g., Rhesus.
- Rodents include mice, rats, woodchucks, ferrets, rabbits and hamsters.
- domestic and game animals include cows, horses, pigs, deer, bison, buffalo, feline species, e.g., domestic cat, canine species, e.g., dog, fox, wolf, avian species, e.g., chicken, emu, ostrich, and fish, e.g., trout, catfish and salmon.
- the subject is a mammal, e.g., a primate, e.g., a human.
- the mammal can be a human, non-human primate, mouse, rat, dog, cat, horse, or cow, but are not limited to these examples.
- a mammal other than a human can be advantageously used as subjects that represent animal models of disorders associated with autoimmune disease or inflammation.
- a method and composition described herein can be used to treat domesticated animals and/or pets.
- a “therapeutically effective amount” of a composition is an amount sufficient to achieve a desired therapeutic effect, and therefore does not require cure or complete remission.
- therapeutic efficacy is an improvement in any of the disease indicators, and a therapeutically effective amount is sufficient to cause an improvement in a clinically significant condition/symptom in the treated individual.
- the phrases “therapeutically effective amount” and “effective amount” are used herein to mean an amount sufficient to reduce by at least about 15 percent, preferably by at least 50 percent, more preferably by at least 90 percent, or to increase at least about 50 percent, at least about 100 percent, at least about 200 percent, more preferable at least about 500 percent and can prevent a clinically significant deficit in the activity, function and response of the individual being treated.
- the effective amount may vary depending on such factors as the size and weight of the subject, the type of illness, or the particular agents of the application. For example, the choice of the agent of the application could affect what constitutes an “effective amount” .
- One of ordinary skill in the art would be able to study the factors contained herein and make the determination regarding the effective amount of the agents of the application without undue experimentation.
- the regime of administration may affect what constitutes an effective amount.
- the agent of the application can be administered to the subject either prior to or after the disease diagnosis or condition. Further, several divided dosages, as well as staggered dosages, can be administered daily or sequentially, or the dose can be continuously infused, or can be a bolus injection. Further, the dosages of the agent (s) of the application could be proportionally increased or decreased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic or prophylactic situation.
- treat, ” “treated, ” “treating” , or “treatment” as used herein have the meanings commonly understood in the medical arts, and therefore do not require cure or complete remission, and include any beneficial or desired clinical results.
- beneficial or desired clinical results are prolonging survival as compared to expected survival without treatment, reduced symptoms including one or more of the followings: weakness and atrophy of proximal skeletal muscles, inability to sit or walk independently, difficulties in swallowing, breathing, etc.
- preventing or “delaying” a disease refers to inhibiting the full development of a disease.
- the present disclosure is based on an unexpected discovery that a compound having a specific structure comprising a nitrogen-containing five membered heterocyclic ring moiety may be directly or indirectly bonded to at least one oligonucleotide so as to aid the delivery of the oligonucleotide to a subject and thus achieving improved modulation of a target gene both in vitro and/or in vivo.
- the compound as disclosed herein may remarkably enhance oligonucleotide delivery efficiency to liver, combine endosomal escape and nuclear translocation design, without the need of a delivery vector or formulation.
- the nitrogen-containing five membered heterocyclic ring moiety may have a core structure shown by any of the following formulae, with all the chemical bonds, atoms and substituents attached to the ring atoms of the core structure omitted for the sake of simplicity:
- the above indicated core structures comprise different ring atoms, and the fused ring core structures may be either electrically neutral or locally charged in the form of e.g., sulphonium or quaternary ammonium. It can be seen that one or more unsaturated double bonds may shift in the fused ring core structure due to the delocalized ⁇ -electronic conjugation effect, and all the substituents, including the presence/absence of any substituents, may vary depending on the categories and valences of each ring atom to which the substituents are attached. For example, an additional substituent may be attached to a sulphonium or quaternary ammonium ion which is present as a ring atom of the fused ring core structure. All of these variations are within the concept of the present disclosure.
- the compound of the present disclosure comprises structure of Formula BI, wherein X′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; each of F′, G′, H′ and I′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of the asterisks refers to a site optionally linked to at least one substituent or an oligonucleotide directly or indirectly.
- the compound of the present disclosure has a structure represented by Formula AI or Formula AII:
- X on each occurrence, is an atom selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
- each of F, G, H and I is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
- n is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- m+n 4.
- C on each occurrence, is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; hydroxyl; (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, such as - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkyl, or - (C 2 -C 19 ) alkyl, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkyl, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkyl, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkyl, or - (C 8 -C 10 ) alkyl; (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, such as - (C 2 -C 19 ) alkoxy, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkoxy, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkoxy, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkoxy; halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl
- each B is attached to any one of F, G, H and I, while C is attached to the rest of F, G, H and I.
- B is attached to H and three C’s are separately attached to each of F, G and I.
- B is attached to G and three C’s are separately attached to each of F, H and I.
- B is attached to F and three C’s are separately attached to each of G, H and I.
- B is attached to I and three C’s are separately attached to each of F, G and H.
- two B’s are separately attached to G and H, and two C’s are separately attached to each of F and I.
- B on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl; -C (O) OH; -P (O) 2 -OH; -P (O) -OH; -P (O) (S) -OH; -CN; - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, such as - (C 2 -C 20 ) alkyl, or - (C 3 -C 16 ) alkyl, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkyl; -O- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, such as -O- (C 2 -C 20 ) alkyl, or -O- (C 3 -C 16 ) alkyl, or -O- (C 6 -C 12 ) alkyl; - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkenyl, such as - (C 2 -C 20 ) alkenyl, or - (C 3 -C 16 ) alken
- Each of the (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl or (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene included in B can be an alkyl or alkylene comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, or from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- each of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, -O-R 1 , -SH, - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, halogenated - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene- (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-COOR 1 , -C (O) O-R
- Y is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P, Q, S and T is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and the asterisk refers to the site wherein the substituent represented by Formula III is linked with the structure represented by Formula I or Formula II;
- each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, -O-R 1 , -SH, - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, halogenated - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene- (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-COOR 1 , -C (O) O-R
- R 7 on each occurrence, is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl and halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy.
- M is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3.
- R 6 is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2 -O-, -O-P (O) 2 -O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-, -O- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-C (O)
- R 1 on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 6 -C 22 ) aryl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkoxy, - (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, -OC (O) (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, -C (O) - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl,
- R 2 on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl, a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxy, a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxycarbonyl, a (C 6 -C 16 ) aryl or a (C 6 -C 16 ) aryloxycarbonyl.
- one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and phosphoric acid group contained in A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B, C, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 7 can be protected with a terminal protective group R P selected from the group consisting of (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxy, (C 6 -C 22 ) arylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxycarbonyl, tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl) silyl and tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy) silyl, wherein the (C 1 -C 22 ) alky
- a 1 , A 2 and A 3 are not simultaneously hydrogen and R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are not simultaneously hydrogen.
- X is carbon, and all of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are present.
- X is nitrogen, both A 1 and A 2 are present and A 3 is absent.
- X is nitrogen with positive charge (i.e. quaternary ammonium) , and all of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 are present.
- X is sulfur or oxygen, both A 1 and A 3 are absent and A 2 is present.
- X is sulfur with positive charge (i.e. sulfonium) , both A 2 and A 3 are present and A 1 is absent.
- each of the (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl or (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene included in A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 can be an alkyl or alkylene comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or from 3 to 16 carbon atoms, or from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or from 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
- one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and phosphoric acid group contained in A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B, C, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 7 can be linked with a support material selected from the group consisting of silica, silica gel, glass, ceramic, polymer, cellulose, and combinations thereof.
- the solid material is in the form of a bead.
- the bead may be made of any material including, without limitation, magnetic bead, paramagnetic bead, silica bead, an agarose bead, etc.
- the compound of the present disclosure may have a structure represented by any of Formula AIV to Formula AXIII,
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B, C, F, G, H, I, m and n are as defined above.
- the compound of the present disclosure has a structure represented by Formula BII
- X′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of F′, G′, H′ and I′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
- each of A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -R 1 ′, -O-R 1 ′, -S-R 1 ′, -C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) O-R 1 ′, -O-C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) NH-R 1 ′, -C (O) NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, -NH-C (O) -R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-C (O) -R 1 ′, -O-P (O) 2 -O-R 1 ′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R 1 ′, -O-P (O) -O-R 1 ′, -NH-R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, - (CH 2 ) r′
- Each of the (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene included in A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ can be (C 2 -C 20 ) alkylene, (C 3 -C 16 ) alkylene, (C 4 -C 14 ) alkylene, (C 6 -C 12 ) alkylene, or (C 8 -C 10 ) alkylene.
- R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; hydroxyl; - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkyl, such as - (C 2 -C 25 ) alkyl, or - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkyl, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkyl, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkyl, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkyl, or - (C 8 -C 10 ) alkyl; - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkyl, such as - (C 4 -C 40 ) cycloalkyl, or - (C 5 -C 30 ) cycloalkyl, or - (C 6 -C 20 cycloalkyl, or - (C 6 -C 16 ) cycloalkyl; - (C 6 -C 50 ) aryl, such as - (C 6
- one or more of the substituents A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ contain at least one targeting moiety.
- targeting moiety refers to a part or segment of a molecule acting as a chemical signal that binds to a molecule or complex on a particular area of a cell, tissue, or organ.
- targeting moiety modifies one or more properties of the attached oligonucleotide of the invention including but not limited to pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, binding, absorption, cellular distribution, cellular uptake, charge and clearance.
- Targeting moieties are routinely used in the arts and are linked directly or via an optional linking moiety to a parent compound such as an oligomeric compound.
- a targeting moiety is selected from one or more of a ligand, a peptide, nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, aptamer, small molecule, a polyethylene glycol, an amino acid, a cholesterol, a carbohydrate (e.g. glucose, galactosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine) , an antibody or antibody fragment, and localization signal such as a nuclear localization signal or a mitochondrial localization signal.
- a ligand e.g., a peptide, nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, aptamer, small molecule, a polyethylene glycol, an amino acid, a cholesterol, a carbohydrate (e.g. glucose, galactosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine) , an antibody or antibody fragment, and localization signal such as a nuclear localization signal or a mitochondrial localization signal.
- a targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of intercalators, reporter molecules, polyamines, polyamides, vitamin moieties, polyethylene glycols, thioethers, polyethers, thiocholesterols, cholic acid moieties, folate, lipids, fatty acids, phospholipids, biotin, phenazine, phenanthridine, anthraquinone, adamantane, acridine, fluoresceins, rhodamines, coumarins, fluorophores, luminescent proteins and dyes.
- the targeting moiety is a fluorophore, any fluorophore deemed useful may be utilized.
- Non-limiting examples of useful fluorescent proteins include but are not limited to GFP, EBFP, Azurite, Cerulean, mCFP, , Turquoise, ECFP, mKeima-Red, TagCFP, AmCyan, mTFP, TurboGFP, TagGFP, EGFP, TagYFP, EYFP, Topaz, Venus, mCitrine, TurboYFP, mOrange, TurboRFP, tdTomato, TagRFP, dsRed2, mRFP, mCherry, mPlum mRaspberry, mScarlet, etc.
- luminescent proteins include without limitation, Cypridinia luciferase, Gaussia luciferase, Renilla luciferase, Phontinus luciferase, Luciola luciferase, Pyrophorus luciferase, Phrixothrix luciferase, etc.
- a targeting moiety is selected from: a cell-penetrating peptide, polyethylene glycol, an alkaloid, a tryptamine, a benzimidazole, a quinolone, an amino acid, a cholesterol, carbohydrate, and ligand.
- a targeting moiety is a carbohydrate.
- the carbohydrate can be selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and polysaccharides.
- the carbohydrate is a monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of dextrose, glucose, galactose, mannitol, D-mannose, sorbitol, and sorbose.
- the carbohydrate is a disaccharide selected from the group consisting of lactose, maltose, sucrose, and trehalose.
- a targeting moiety is a polysaccharide.
- a targeting moiety is a N-acetyl galactosamine.
- a targeting moiety is an amino acid.
- the amino acid is a hydrophobic amino acid.
- the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from the group consisting of alanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, and valine.
- the amino acid is a polar amino acid.
- the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, lysine, cysteine, glycine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
- a targeting moiety is selected from the group consisting of human serum albumin, ⁇ -lactalbumin, trypsinogen, and polyalanine.
- the targeting moiety comprises an active drug substance, for example, aspirin, warfarin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, suprofen, fen-bufen, ketoprofen, (S) - (+) -pranoprofen, carprofen, dansylsarcosine, 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid, fingolimod, flufenamic acid, folinic acid, a benzothiadiazide, chlorothiazide, a diazepine, indo-methicin, a barbiturate, a cephalosporin, a sulfa drug, an antidiabetic, an antibacterial or an antibiotic.
- an active drug substance for example, aspirin, warfarin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, suprofen, fen-bufen, ketoprofen, (S) - (+) -pranoprofen, carpro
- the targeting moieties disclosed herein can be used to increase uptake, introduce, delivery and target uptake of oligonucleotide to particular cell or tissue types, e.g., cells or tissues in central nervous system (e.g., brain and spinal cord) , liver, lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, cholecyst, heart, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, bladder, muscle and bone.
- Preferred targeting moieties include those specifically provided in the Examples.
- R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ is the targeting moiety.
- all of the R 1 ′s contained in the A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ are the targeting moiety as stated above;
- all of the R 3 ′ contained in the A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ are the targeting moiety as stated above;
- all of the R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ contained in the A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ are the targeting moiety as stated above.
- one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amino group contained in each of R 1 ′ and R 3 ′ can be optionally protected, e.g. with a terminal protection group R P selected from the group consisting of (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxy, (C 6 - C 22 ) arylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxycarbonyl, tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl) silyl and tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy) silyl, wherein the (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl contained in the protection group R p can be an alkyl comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms,
- each of R 2 ′, R 4 ′, R 5 ′ and R 6 ′ is independently a halogen atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl, such as (C 1 -C 10 ) alkyl, or (C 2 -C 8 ) alkyl, or (C 3 -C 6 ) alkyl, or (C 4 -C 5 ) alkyl; a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxy, such as (C 1 -C 10 ) alkoxy, or (C 2 -C 8 ) alkoxy, or (C 3 -C 6 ) alkoxy, or (C 4 -C 5 ) alkoxy; a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxycarbonyl, such as (C 1 -C 10 ) alkoxycarbonyl, or (C 2 -C 8 ) alkoxycarbonyl, or (C 3 halogen atom
- each of r′, s′, p′ and q′ is an integer from 1 to 22, such as an integer from 2 to 20, or an integer from 3 to 18, an integer from 4 to 16, an integer from 6 to 12, an integer from 8 to 10.
- a 3 ′ is absent when X′ is oxygen, and A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ are not simultaneously hydrogen.
- X′ is carbon, and all of A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ are present.
- X′ is nitrogen, both A 1 ′ and A 2 ′ are present and A 3 ′ is absent.
- X′ is nitrogen with positive charge (i.e. quaternary ammonium) , and all of A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ are present.
- X′ is sulfur or oxygen, both A 1 ′ and A 3 ′ are absent and A 2 ′ is present.
- X′ is sulfur with positive charge (i.e. sulfonium) , both A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ are present and A 1 ′ is absent.
- each C′ is attached to any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; halogen atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; hydroxyl; - (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, such as - (C 2 -C 19 ) alkyl, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkyl, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkyl, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkyl, or - (C 8 -C 10 ) alkyl; - (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, such as - (C 2 -C 19 ) alkoxy, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkoxy, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkoxy, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkoxy; halogenated (C 1 -C 20 )
- m′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- n′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- m′+n′ 4.
- each B′ is attached to any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′, while C′ is attached to the rest of F′, G′, H′ and I′.
- B′ is attached to H′ and three C′s are separately attached to each of F′, G′ and I′.
- B′ is attached to G′ and three C′s are separately attached to each of F′, H′ and I′.
- B′ is attached to F′ and three C′s are separately attached to each of G′, H′ and I′.
- B′ is attached to I and three C′s are separately attached to each of F′, G′ and H′.
- two B′s are separately attached to G′ and H′, and two C′s are separately attached to each of F′ and I′.
- each of B′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkoxy, -P (O) 2 -OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- [ (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-O] r′ -H (wherein r′ is an integer of 1 to 22) , -C (O) -NH- [ (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-O] r′ - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) -OH (wherein r′ is an integer of 1 to 22) , -C (O)
- Y′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P′, Q′, S′ and T′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and the asterisk refers to the site wherein the substituent represented by Formula BIII is linked with any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′ of Formula BII.
- R 7 ′ is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2 -O-, -O-P (O) 2 -O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-O-, -O- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1
- each of R 8 ′ and R 9 ′ is either absent or is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, hydroxyl, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkyl, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 6 -C 50 ) aryl, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-NH 2 , - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-NH 2 , -
- R 8 ′ and R 9 ′ are optionally protected, e.g. with the protection group R P as defined herein.
- R 8 ′ and R 9 ′ can be linked together so that R 8 ′, R 9 ′, the carbon atom linked with R 8 ′ and the Y′ atom linked with R 9 ′ form an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic ring.
- R 9 ′ is absent when Y′ is oxygen.
- each R 10 ′ is attached to any one of P′, Q′, S′ and T′, and is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, -P (O) 2 -OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) OH
- the - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-contained in B′, R 7 ′ R 8 ′, R 9 ′ and R 10 ′ may include - (C 1 -C 28 ) alkylene-, or - (C 1 -C 26 ) alkylene-, or - (C 1 -C 24 ) alkylene-, or - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkylene-, or - (C 3 -C 20 ) alkylene-, or - (C 4 -C 18 ) alkylene-, or - (C 5 -C 17 ) alkylene-, or - (C 6 -C 16 ) alkylene-, or - (C 7 -C 14 ) alkylene-, or - (C 8 -C 12 ) alkylene-.
- the - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-contained in B′, R 7 ′ R 8 ′, R 9 ′ and R 10 ′ may include - (C 3 -C 40 ) cycloalkylene-, or - (C 3 -C 30 ) cycloalkylene-, or - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkylene-, or - (C 4 -C 20 ) cycloalkylene-, or - (C 5 -C 18 ) cycloalkylene-, or - (C 6 -C 16 ) cycloalkylene-, or - (C 7 -C 14 ) cycloalkylene-, or - (C 8 -C 12 ) cycloalkylene-.
- the - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-contained in B′, R 7 ′ R 8 ′, R 9 ′ and R 10 ′ may include - (C 6 -C 40 ) arylene-, or - (C 6 -C 30 ) arylene-, or - (C 6 -C 22 ) arylene-, or - (C 6 -C 20 ) arylene-, or - (C 6 -C 18 ) arylene-, or - (C 6 -C 16 ) arylene-, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) arylene-.
- the - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-contained in B′, R 7 ′ R 8 ′, R 9 ′ and R 10 ′ may include - (C 5 -C 40 ) heteroarylene-, or - (C 5 -C 30 ) heteroarylene-, or - (C 5 -C 22 ) heteroarylene-, or - (C 5 -C 18 ) heteroarylene-, or - (C 6 -C 16 ) heteroarylene-.
- the term “- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkyl” may include - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkyl, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkyl, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkyl, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkyl, or - (C 8 -C 10 ) alkyl;
- the term “- (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkyl” may include - (C 4 -C 40 ) cycloalkyl, or - (C 5 -C 30 ) cycloalkyl, or - (C 6 -C 20 ) cycloalkyl, or - (C 6 -C 16 ) cycloalkyl;
- the term “- (C 6 -C 50 ) aryl” may include - (C 6 -C 40 ) aryl, or - (C 6
- each R 11 ′ is attached to any one of P′, Q′, S′ and T′, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; hydroxyl; halogen atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine; - (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, such as - (C 2 -C 19 ) alkyl, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkyl, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkyl, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkyl, or - (C 8 -C 10 ) alkyl; - (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, such as - (C 2 -C 19 ) alkoxy, or - (C 3 -C 18 ) alkoxy, or - (C 4 -C 16 ) alkoxy, or - (C 6 -C 12 ) alkoxy; (C 1 -C 20 ) alk
- R 9 ′ is absent when Y′ is oxygen.
- Y′ is carbon, and both of R 8 ′ and R 9 ′ are present.
- Y′ is nitrogen, R 8 ′ is present and R 9 ′ is absent.
- Y′ is nitrogen with positive charge (i.e., quaternary ammonium) , both R 8 ′ and R 9 ′ are present.
- Y′ is sulfur or oxygen, and R 9 ′ is absent.
- Y′ is sulfur with positive charge (i.e., sulfonium) , and R 9 ′ is present.
- M′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- N′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- M′+N′ 4.
- each R 10 ′ is attached to any one of P′, Q′, S′ and T′, while R 11 ′ is attached to the rest of P′, Q′, S′ and T′.
- R 10 ′ is attached to S′ and three R 11 ′ are separately attached to each of P′, Q′ and T′.
- R 10 ′ is attached to Q′ and three R 11 ′ are separately attached to each of P′, S′ and T′.
- R 10 ′ is attached to P′ and three R 11 ′ are separately attached to each of Q′, S′ and T′.
- R 10 ′ is attached to T′ and three R 11 ′ are separately attached to each of P′, Q′ and S′.
- two R 10 ′ are separately attached to Q′ and S′, and two R 11 ′ are separately attached to each of P′ and T′.
- one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group and phosphoric acid group contained in each of R 8 ′, R 9 ′ and R 10 ′ are optionally protected with a terminal protection group R P selected from the group consisting of (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxy, (C 6 -C 22 ) arylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxycarbonyl, tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl) silyl and tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy) silyl, wherein the (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl contained in the protection group R p can be an alkyl comprising from 1 to 22
- the support material attached to R 10 ′ can be selected from the group consisting of silica, silica gel, glass, ceramic, polymer, cellulose, and combinations thereof.
- the solid material is in the form of a bead.
- the bead may be made out of any material including, without limitation, magnetic bead, paramagnetic bead, silica bead, an agarose bead, etc.
- the compound of the present disclosure may have a structure represented by any of Formula BIV to Formula BXIV,
- a 1 ′, A 2 ′, A 3 ′, B′, C′, F′, G′, H′, I′, R 7 ′, R 8 ′, R 10 ′, R 11 ′, P′, Q′, S′, T′, m′, n′, M′ and N′ are as defined herein.
- the RING I can be formed by linking A 1 ′ and A 2 ′ together and thus may consist of the nitrogen atom to which A 1 ′ is attached, the carbon atom to which A 2 ′ is attached, at least part of A 1 ′ and at least part of A 2 ′.
- the RING I can be a 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 member ring, in particular a ring fused to the core structure.
- the RING I may consist of a nitrogen atom, a carbon atom from the core structure and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 additional ring atoms derived from A 1 ′ and A 2 ′, wherein each of the additional ring atoms may be selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and combinations thereof.
- all of the additional ring atoms may be carbon atoms.
- a 4 ′ can be a substituent attached to any atom of RING I, and each of A 4 ′, A 5 ′ and A 6 ′ is independently selected from the group consisting of -R 1 ′, -O-R 1 ′, -S-R 1 ′, -C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) O-R 1 ′, -O-C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) NH-R 1 ′, -C (O) NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, -NH-C (O) -R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-C (O) -R 1 ′, -O-P (O) 2 -O-R 1 ′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R 1 ′, -O-P (O) -O-R 1 ′, -NH-R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, - (CH
- the RING II can be formed by linking R 8 ′ and R 9 ′ together and thus may consist of the nitrogen atom to which R 9 ′ is attached, the carbon atom to which R 8 ′ is attached, at least part of R 8 ′ and at least part of R 9 ′.
- the RING II can be a 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 member ring, in particular a ring fused to the core structure of the substituent B′.
- the RING II may consist of a nitrogen atom, a carbon atom from the core structure of the substituent B′ and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 additional ring atoms derived from R 8 ′ and R 9 ′, wherein each of the additional ring atoms may be selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and combinations thereof. In another exemplary embodiment, all of the additional ring atoms may be carbon atoms.
- R 12 ′ is attached to any atom of RING II and is selected from the group consisting of -H, hydroxyl, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkyl, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 6 -C 50 ) aryl, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-NH 2 , - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-NH 2 , - (C 6 -C 50 )
- one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group and phosporic acid group contained in R 12 ′ are optionally protected, e.g. with a terminal protection group R P selected from the group consisting of (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxy, (C 6 -C 22 ) arylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxycarbonyl, tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl) silyl and tri ( (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy) silyl, wherein the (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl contained in the protection group R p can be an alkyl comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, such as
- the protection group R P can be selected from the group consisting of benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , 4, 4′-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) , t-butyloxy carbonyl (Boc) , benzyl (Bn) and benzyloxy (BnO) .
- the compound of Formula BI or Formula BII may have one or more chiral centers, and each of the chiral centers can be independently R chiral, S chiral, mesomeric or racemic form.
- a 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ is selected from -CH (- (CH 2 ) r′ -NH-C (O) - (CH 2 ) s′ -R 1 ′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH 2 ) q′ -R 3 ′) , -CH (- (CH 2 ) r′ -C (O) -NH- (CH 2 ) s′ -R 1 ′) (-C (O) -NH- (CH 2 ) q′ -R 3 ′) , -N (- (CH 2 ) r′ -NH-C (O) - (CH 2 ) s′ -R 1 ′) (-NH-C (O)
- the compound of the present disclosure has a structure represented by any one of Formula BXV to Formula BXX:
- each of the double bond and the atoms or moieties attached to the same may be in E form or Z form.
- the compound of the present disclosure has a structure represented by any of the following molecular formulae:
- an oligonucleotide delivery agent comprising a DEC compound disclosed by the present application and at least one oligonucleotide. It can be fully understood that when the DEC is directly linked with the oligonucleotide or indirectly linked with the oligonucleotide via at least one linking moiety, one or more terminal atoms (such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. ) or terminal groups (such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc. ) of the DEC may be detached so as to provide an active site linkable to the linking moiety or the oligonucleotide.
- terminal atoms such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc.
- terminal groups such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc.
- the linking moieties when present, can be selected from the group consisting of -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NH-, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -, -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH-, -OP (O) 2 O-, -P (O) (O - ) O-, -OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2 -O-, -S (O) 2 -O-, -S (O) -O-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-NH
- Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a delivery enhancing compound (DEC) conjugated oligonucleotide comprising a structure represented by Formula AA, which can more efficiently deliver the oligonucleotide both in vitro and in vivo.
- DEC delivery enhancing compound
- the Pdelivery enhancing compound moiety” shown in Formula AA is derived from any one of the above stated DEC compounds of the present disclosure. It can be understood that one or more terminal atoms (such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. ) or terminal groups (such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc. ) of the inventive compound have be detached so as to provide an active site linkable to the targeting moiety or the oligonucleotide, hence the “delivery enhancing compound” of Formula BA can be considered as a moiety obtained by subtracting said one or more atoms or terminal groups from the inventive compounds.
- terminal atoms such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc.
- terminal groups such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc.
- the delivery enhancing compound (DEC) conjugated oligonucleotide has a structure represented by Formula BB,
- each of A 1 ′, A 2 ′, A 3 ′, X′, F′, G′H′, I′, C′, m′ and n′ is as defined above.
- at least one of A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ comprises one or more targeting moieties
- the DEC is attached to at least one oligonucleotide via the B′′ group.
- the B′′ group can be derived by detaching one or more terminal atoms (such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. ) or one or more terminal groups (such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc. ) from the B′′ group contained in Formula BII.
- the delivery enhancing compound (DEC) conjugated oligonucleotide has a structure represented by Formula BC,
- each of A 1 ′, A 2 ′, A 3 ′, R 7 ′, R 9 ′, R 10 ′, R 11 ′, X′, Y′, F′, G′, H′, I′, C′, R′, Q′, S′, T′, m′, n′, M′ and N′ is as defined above.
- at least one of A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ comprises one or more targeting moieties, and the DEC is attached to at least one oligonucleotide via the R 8 ′′ group.
- the R 8 ′′ group can be derived by detaching one or more terminal atoms (such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. ) or one or more terminal groups (such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc. ) from the R 8 ′ group contained in Formula BIII.
- one or more terminal atoms such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc.
- terminal groups such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc.
- the delivery enhancing compound (DEC) conjugated oligonucleotide has a structure represented by any one of Formulae E1 to E15,
- each of A 1 ′, A 2 ′, R 7 ′ and R 10 ′ is as defined above.
- at least one of A 1 ′ and A 2 ′ comprises one or more targeting moieties, or A 2 ′ comprises one or more targeting moieties; and the DEC is attached to at least one oligonucleotide via the B′′ group or the R 8 ′′ group.
- the R 8 ′′ group can be derived by detaching one or more terminal atoms (such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. ) or one or more terminal groups (such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc.
- the B′′ group can be derived by detaching one or more terminal atoms (such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. ) or one or more terminal groups (such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc. ) from the B′ group.
- one or more terminal atoms such as hydrogen, halogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, etc.
- terminal groups such as hydroxyl group, amino group, ester group, ether group, acyl group, etc.
- the targeting moiety is contained in the molecular structure of the DEC compound, such as being as part of the A 1 ′, A 2 ′ or A 3 ′, and preferably being the R 1 ′ or R 3 ′ group.
- the targeting moiety is independent of the DEC compound and is additionally added after or during the synthesis of the DEC compound.
- the targeting moiety and the delivery enhancing compound moiety can be linked with each other by a first linking moiety.
- the delivery enhancing compound moiety and the oligonucleotide can be linked by a second linking moiety.
- Each of the first and second linking moieties can be selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NH-, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -, -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH-, -OP (O) 2 O-, -OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2 -O-,
- the delivery enhancing compound moiety in delivery enhancing compound (DEC) conjugated oligonucleotide of Formula A, is directly linked with the oligonucleotide when the linking moiety is a direct bond. In one embodiment, in the delivery enhancing compound (DEC) conjugated oligonucleotide of Formula BA, the targeting moiety is directly linked with the delivery enhancing compound moiety when the linking moiety is a direct bond.
- the oligonucleotide may include those disclosed above, and particularly can be selected from the group consisting of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) , antisense RNA, short interfering RNA (siRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , saRNA, dsRNA, scRNA, sgRNA or any other oligonucleotide targeting at least one nucleic acid sequence.
- ASO antisense oligonucleotide
- siRNA short interfering RNA
- miRNA microRNA
- saRNA saRNA
- dsRNA dsRNA
- scRNA sgRNA
- any other oligonucleotide targeting at least one nucleic acid sequence any other oligonucleotide targeting at least one nucleic acid sequence.
- nucleotides of the oligonucleotides described herein may be natural, i.e., non-chemically modified, nucleotides or at least one nucleotide may be a chemically modified nucleotide.
- Non-limiting examples of the chemical modification include one or more of a combination of the following:
- At least one nucleotide in the oligonucleotide sequence being a locked nucleic acid
- oligonucleotide sequence being a deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) .
- modifications of nucleotides or oligonucleotides in the present disclosure are well known to those skilled in the art, and modifications of the phosphodiester bond refer to modifications of oxygen in the phosphodiester bond, including phosphorothioate modifications and boronated phosphate modifications.
- the modifications disclosed herein stabilize an oligonucleotide structure, maintaining high specificity and high affinity for base pairing.
- the modifications disclosed herein also stabilize a nucleic acid structure and maintain its delivering accessory properties including bioavailability, biodistribution, and/or cellular uptake of the oligonucleotide agent in various tissues prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord (e.g., cervical, thoracic, lumber) , muscle, liver, and kidney.
- the chemical modification is to substitute the phosphodiester bond with phosphorothioate (PS) bond on the backbone of the oligonucleotide disclosed herein.
- the oligonucleotide disclosed herein comprises at least one PS backbone modification in one oligonucleotide strand.
- the oligonucleotide comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 32, or 40 PS backbone modifications in one oligonucleotide strand.
- the nucleotides or oligonucleotides of the present application includes at least one chemically modified nucleotide which is modified at 2′-OH in pentose of a nucleotide, i.e., the introduction of certain substituents at the hydroxyl position of the ribose, such as 2′-fluoro modification, 2′-oxymethyl modification, 2′-oxyethylidene methoxy modification, 2, 4′-dinitrophenol modification, locked nucleic acid (LNA) , 2′-amino modification or 2′-deoxy modification, e.g., a 2’-deoxy-2’-fluoro modified nucleotide, a 2’-deoxy-modified nucleotide.
- LNA locked nucleic acid
- the nucleotides or oligonucleotides of the present application includes at least one chemically modified nucleotide which is modified at the base of the nucleotide, e.g., 5 ′-bromouracil modification, 5’-iodouracil modification, N-methyluracil modification, or 2, 6-diaminopurine modification.
- the chemical modification of the nucleotides or oligonucleotides in the present application is an addition of a (E) -vinylphosphonate moiety at the 5’ end of the sense or antisense sequence.
- the chemical modification of the at least one chemically modified nucleotide is an addition of a 5′-methyl cytosine moiety at the 5’ end of the sense or antisense sequence.
- the oligonucleotides used in the present disclosure may be commercially available from various vendors, or synthesized in a lab scale or industrial scale.
- the oligonucleotides can be synthesized by using a commercialized synthesizer or a particularly customized synthesizer, such as a K&ADNA synthesizer purchased from K&ALaborgeraete GbR, Schaafheim, Germany, by using ordinary synthesis procedures, e.g. a solid phase synthesis technique comprising the steps of sequentially adding batches of raw materials (e.g. phosphoramidite monomers including various linkers and conjugates) onto a solid support known in the art and subjecting each base addition to a preparation cycle consisted of four chemical reactions of detritylation, coupling, oxidation/thiolation and capping, so as to produce the oligonucleotides with desired full-length.
- a solid phase synthesis technique comprising the steps of sequentially adding batches of raw materials (e.g. phosphoramidite monomers including various linkers and conjugates) onto a solid support known in the art and subjecting each base addition to a preparation cycle consisted of four chemical reactions of de
- the oligonucleotide delivery agent may comprise one, two, three, four, five, six or even more oligonucleotides separately linked with one, two, three, four, five, six or even more of the delivery enhancing compounds via one, two, three, four, five, six or even more linking moieties.
- the oligonucleotide delivery agent may have a structure represented by any of the following formulae AAI to AAXXIV:
- L represents the linking moiety
- the symbol epresents a double strand oligonucleotide, either symmetric or asymmetric independently on each of the ends; presents a single strand oligonucleotide, and each of a, b and c is independently an integer from 1 to 50, such as an integer from 2 to 45, or an integer from 3 to 40, or an integer from 4 to 35, or an integer from 5 to 30, or an integer from 10 to 20.
- Each of the linking moiety, and thus the delivery enhancing compound may be linked at 3’ end, 5’ end or any internal position, such as the n th nucleotide, of the double or single strand oligonucleotide.
- one or more of the substituents A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B, C, A 1 ′, A 2 ′, A 3 ′, B′ and C′ of the delivery enhancing compound can be linked with the linking moiety or with the oligonucleotide (when the linking moiety is a direct bond) .
- the linking moiety is a direct bond
- either one of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B, A 1 ′, A 2 ′, A 3 ′ R 8 ′, R 12 ′and B′ preferably A 2 A 2 ′, B, B′, R 8 ′ or R 12 ′ is linked with the linking moiety or the oligonucleotide.
- one or more terminal groups of the above said substituents may be cleavaged or hydrolyzed to decap an active site (such as a - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH group) which is then linked with the oligonucleotide via a linking moiety (such as -P (O) (O - ) O-) .
- an active site such as a - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH group
- a linking moiety such as -P (O) (O - ) O-
- exemplary structures of the oligonucleotide delivery agents include O1 to O25 as illustrated below:
- J represents O or S.
- the delivery enhancing compounds are linked with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) duplexes (including but not limited to siRNA or saRNA) and/or single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) at the 3’-terminus or 5’-terminus their passenger (P) strand via a linking moiety, such as -OP (O) 2 O- (-P (O) (O - ) -O-) , wherein P is passenger strand and G is guide strand; and electron rearrangement may also occur.
- dsRNA duplexes including but not limited to siRNA or saRNA
- ASOs single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides
- At least one hydrogen atom (i.e. H) contained in the delivery enhancing compound, the delivery enhancing compound moiety, the linking moiety and/or the oligonucleotide is substituted with deuterium atom (i.e. D) .
- at least one of the delivery enhancing compound, the delivery enhancing compound moiety, the linking moiety and the oligonucleotide comprises one to twenty, such as one to fifteen, or one to twelve, or one to ten, or one to eight, or one to six, or one to three, or one to two deuterium atoms.
- 1%to 100%, or 2%to 90%, or 5%to 80%, or 10%to 70%, or 20%to 60%, or 30%to 50%, or 40%to 45%by mole of the hydrogen atom contained in the the delivery enhancing compound, the delivery enhancing compound moiety, the linking moiety and/or the oligonucleotide is substituted with deuterium atom.
- the deuterium substitution rate can be within a numerical range obtained by combining any two of the above said end point values.
- compositions comprising the oligonucleotide delivery agent.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more additional ingredients, such as pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, solvent, diluent, stabilizer, dispersant, buffer, compatibilizer, preservative agent and combinations thereof.
- Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of modulating the expression of a target gene in vitro or in vivo, comprising the step of administrating the pharmaceutical composition to a subject, or contacting the pharmaceutical composition with cells of the subject.
- the oligonucleotide delivery agent and pharmaceutical composition can be applied in various organs, tissues and cells, such as liver, lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, cholecyst, heart, lymp nodes, spleen, stomach, bladder, muscle, bone, central nervous system (CNS) , and modulate the expression of one or more target genes in the cell thereof.
- the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound comprising a nitrogen-containing five membered heterocyclic ring moiety and at least one substituent directly or indirectly attachable to an oligonucleotide.
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound has a structure represented by Formula AI or Formula AII
- X on each occurrence, is an atom selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
- each of F, G, H and I is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
- C on each occurrence, is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl and halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy;
- B on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, -P (O) 2 -OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 22 ) arylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 22 ) heteroarylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 22 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 5 -C 22 ) heteroarylene-
- each of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, -O-R 1 , -SH, - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, halogenated - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene- (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-COOR 1 , -C (O) O-R 1 ,
- Y is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P, Q, S and T is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and the asterisk refers to the site wherein the substituent represented by Formula AIII is linked with the structure represented by Formula AI or Formula AII;
- each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, -O-R 1 , -SH, - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, halogenated - (C 1 -C 25 ) alkyl, - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene- (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-COOR 1 , -C (O) O-R 1 ,
- R 7 on each occurrence, is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl and halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy;
- M is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3;
- R 6 is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2 -O-, -O-P (O) 2 -O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-, -O- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-C (O) - (
- R 1 on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 6 -C 22 ) aryl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkoxy, - (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, -OC (O) (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, -C (O) - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl,
- R 2 on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl, a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxy, a (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxycarbonyl, a (C 6 -C 16 ) aryl or a (C 6 -C 16 ) aryloxycarbonyl;
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 1 comprising a moiety represented by Formula BI and at least one substituent directly or indirectly attachable to an oligonucleotide,
- X′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; each of F′, G′, H′ and I′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of the asterisks refers to a site optionally linked to at least one substituent or an oligonucleotide directly or indirectly.
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound has a structure represented by Formula BII
- X′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of F′, G′, H′ and I′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
- each of A 1 ′, A 2 ′ and A 3 ′ is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -R 1 ′, -O-R 1 ′, -S-R 1 ′, -C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) O-R 1 ′, -O-C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) NH-R 1 ′, -C (O) NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, -NH-C (O) -R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-C (O) -R 1 ′, -O-P (O) 2 -O-R 1 ′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R 1 ′, -O-P (O) -O-R 1 ′, -NH-R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, - (CH 2 ) r′ -NH
- each C′ is attached to any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl and halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy;
- n′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- m′+n′ 4;
- each B′ is attached to any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′, and is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkoxy, -P (O) 2 -OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-OH,
- Y′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P′, Q′, S′ and T′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and the asterisk refers to the site wherein the substituent represented by Formula BIII is linked with any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′ of Formula BII;
- R 7 ′ is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2 -O-, -O-P (O) 2 -O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-O-, -O- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1
- each R 10 ′ is attached to any one of P′, Q′, S′ and T′, and is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, -P (O) 2 -OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene- C (O) OH, -C (O) -
- each R 11 ′ is attached to any one of P′, Q′, S′ and T′, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxycarbonyl, halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl and halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxycarbonyl; and
- M′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- N′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- M′+N′ 4.
- one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and phosphoric acid group contained in each of A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , B, C, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 1 ′, R 2 ′, R 3 ′, R 4 ′, R 5 ′, R 6 ′, R 7 ′, R 8 ′, R 9 ′, R 10 ′ and R 11 ′ are optionally protected with a terminal protection group R P selected from the group consisting of (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxy, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 22 ) alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryl, (C 6 -C 22 ) aryloxy, (C 6 -C 22 ) arylcarbonyl, (C 6 -
- the support material is selected from the group consisting of silica, silica gel, glass, ceramic, polymer, cellulose, and combinations thereof.
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound has a structure represented by any of Formula AIV to Formula AXIII and Formula BIV to BXIV,
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , F, G, H, I, B, C, P, Q, S, T, R 6 , R 7 , m, n and M are as defined herein,
- each of RING I and RING II is a 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 member ring;
- a 4 ′ is attached to any atom of RING I, and each of A 4 ′, A 5 ′ and A 6 ′ is independently selected from the group consisting of -R 1 ′, -O-R 1 ′, -S-R 1 ′, -C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) O-R 1 ′, -O-C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) NH-R 1 ′, -C (O) NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, -NH-C (O) -R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-C (O) -R 1 ′, -O-P (O) 2 -O-R 1 ′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R 1 ′, -O-P (O) -O-R 1 ′, -NH-R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, - (CH 2 )
- R 12 ′ is attached to any atom of RING II and is selected from the group consisting of -H, hydroxyl, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkyl, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 6 -C 50 ) aryl, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-NH 2 , - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-NH 2 , - (C 6 -C 50 )
- each of F, G, H and I is carbon, m is 1 and n is 3, B is attached to G or H, each of P, Q, S and T is carbon, R 6 is attached to any one of Q and S;
- protection group R P is selected from the group consisting of benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , 4, 4′-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) , t-butyloxy carbonyl (Boc) , benzyl (Bn) and benzyloxy (BnO) ;
- C on each occurrence, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxy, halogenated (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl and halogenated (C 1 -C 12 ) alkoxy;
- B on each occurrence, is selected from the group consisting of - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, -O-C (O) - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) NH 2 , - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) NH 2 , -O-C (O) - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) NH 2 , - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) NH 2 ,
- each of A 1 , A 2 and A 3 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, linear or branched - (C 6 -C 22 ) alkyl, linear or branched - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene- (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-COOR 1 , -O- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, - (C 6 -C 22 ) alkylene-CO
- Y is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P, Q, S and T is carbon;
- each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, linear or branched - (C 6 -C 22 ) alkyl, linear or branched - (C 2 -C 22 ) alkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkenyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene- (C 3 -C 22 ) cycloalkyl, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-O-R 1 , - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-COOR 1 , -O- (C 1 -C 22 ) alkyl, - (C 6 -C 22 ) alkylene-CO
- R 7 on each occurrence, is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy, halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkyl and halogenated (C 1 -C 20 ) alkoxy;
- M is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3;
- R 6 is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is selected from the group consisting of - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-O-, -O- (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C16) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-, -C (O) - NH- (C 1 -C 16 ) alkylene-,
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound has a structure represented by any one of Formula BXV to Formula BXXIX,
- each of A 1 ′ and A 2 ′ is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -R 1 ′, -O-R 1 ′, -S-R 1 ′, -C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) O-R 1 ′, -O-C (O) -R 1 ′, -C (O) NH-R 1 ′, -C (O) NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, -NH-C (O) -R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-C (O) -R 1 ′, -O-P (O) 2 -O-R 1 ′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R 1 ′, -O-P (O) -O-R 1 ′, -NH-R 1 ′, -NR 2 ′-R 1 ′, - (CH 2 ) r′ -NH-R 1 ′, - (CH 2 )
- n′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3
- m′+n′ 4;
- each B′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkoxy, -P (O) 2 -OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C 1
- each R 7 ′ is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2 -O-, -O-P (O) 2 -O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-O-, -O- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-, - (C 1
- each R 10 ′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, -P (O) 2 -OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-OH, - (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 3 -C 50 ) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C 6 -C 50 ) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C 5 -C 50 ) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C 1 -C 30 ) alkylene-OH, -
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound has a structure of
- At least one hydrogen atom contained in the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound is substituted with deuterium atom.
- the present disclosure provides an oligonucleotide delivery agent, comprising a delivery enhancing compound (DEC) moiety derivable from the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound as indicated herein and at least one oligonucleotide.
- DEC delivery enhancing compound
- the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound moiety is linked with the oligonucleotide via at least one linking moiety selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NH-, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -, -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH-, -OP (O) 2 O-, -P (O) (O - ) O-, -OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2 -O-, -S (O) 2 -O-, -S (O) -O-, - (C 1
- the oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) , antisense RNA, short interfering RNA (siRNA) , micro-RNA (miRNA) , small activating RNA (saRNA) , double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) , and small guide RNA (sgRNA) .
- ASO antisense oligonucleotide
- siRNA short interfering RNA
- miRNA micro-RNA
- saRNA small activating RNA
- dsRNA double-stranded RNA
- sgRNA small guide RNA
- the oligonucleotide comprises at least part of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO 1 to 53.
- the oligonucleotide delivery agent comprises a structure represented by Formula AA
- the delivery enhancing compound (DEC) moiety is derived from the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and is linked to at least one oligonucleotide directly or indirectly.
- the DEC is linked with the oligonucleotide via at least one first linking moiety.
- the TM is linked with the DEC via at least one second linking moiety.
- each of the first linking moiety and the second linking moiety is independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NH-, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -, -N ( (C 1 -C 12 ) alkyl) -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -, -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH-, -OP (O) 2 O-, -OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2 -O-, -S (O) 2 -O-, -S (O) -O-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, - (C 1 -C 22 ) alkylene-, -NH- (
- oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of short interfering RNA (siRNA) , small activating RNA (saRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and small guide RNA (sgRNA) .
- siRNA short interfering RNA
- siRNA small activating RNA
- miRNA microRNA
- ASO antisense oligonucleotide
- sgRNA small guide RNA
- the targeting moiety is one or more selected from the group consisting of ligands, peptides, nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, aptamers, lipids, fatty acids, small molecules, polyethylene glycols, amino acids, cholesterols, carbohydrates, and antibodies or antibody fragments.
- the oligonucleotide delivery agent has a structure represented by any of the formulae AAI to AAXXIV:
- L represents the linking moiety
- ⁇ represents the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound
- the symbol adouble strand oligonucleotide in which each of the strands represents interchangeably a sense strand or an antisense strand, either symmetric or asymmetric independently on each of the ends
- the symbol represents a single strand oligonucleotide
- each of a, b and c is independently an integer from 1 to 50.
- At least one hydrogen atom contained in the delivery enhancing compound moiety, the linking moiety, the targeting moiety and/or the oligonucleotide is substituted with deuterium atom.
- the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition, the composition comprising: a) the oligonucleotide delivery agent as indicated herein; and b) optionally, one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, solvent, diluent, stabilizer, dispersant, buffer, compatibilizer, preservative agent and combinations thereof.
- the present disclosure provides a method of modulating the expression of a target gene in a subject, the method comprising the step of administrating the pharmaceutical composition as indicated herein to a subject.
- the oligonucleotide or the target gene comprises at least part of the sequence as set forth in at least part of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO 1 to 53.
- the pharmaceutical composition increases the expression of the target gene. In another specific embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition decreases the expression of the target gene.
- the subject is a mammal. In another specific embodiment, the mammal is a rodent. In another specific embodiment, the rodent is a mouse. In another specific embodiment, the rodent is a rat. In another specific embodiment, the mammal is a non-human primate. In another specific embodiment, the mammal is a human. In another specific embodiment, the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder.
- the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) , brain, spinal cord, liver, lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, cholecyst, heart, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, bladder, muscle or bone.
- the disease is cancer.
- the present disclosure provides a method of modulating the expression of a target gene, the method comprising contacting a cell with the pharmaceutical composition as indicated herein.
- the oligonucleotide or the target gene comprises at least part of the sequence as set forth in at least part of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 to 53.
- the pharmaceutical composition increases the expression of the target gene. In another specific embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition decreases the expression of the target gene.
- the cell is a mammalian cell. In another specific embodiment, the mammalian cell is a mouse cell. In another specific embodiment, the mammalian cell is a rat cell. In another specific embodiment, the mammalian cell is a non-human primate cell. In another specific embodiment, the mammalian cell is a human cell. In another specific embodiment, the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder.
- the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) , brain, spinal cord, liver, lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, cholecyst, heart, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, bladder, muscle or bone.
- the disease is cancer.
- Standard abbreviations may be used, e.g., bp, base pair (s) ; kb, kilobase (s) ; nM, nanomolar (s) ; s or sec, second (s) ; min, minute (s) ; h or hr, hour (s) ; aa, amino acid (s) ; nt, nucleotide (s) ; i. m., intramuscular (ly) ; i. p., intraperitoneal (ly) ; s. c., subcutaneous (ly) ; ivt or IVT, intravitreal; iv or IV, tail vein, intravenous; i. c. v. or icv or ICV, intracerebroventricular and the like.
- reaction products were purchased from commercial sources and used as received unless stated otherwise. Purification of reaction products was performed with a column chromatography comprising a silica gel (200-300 mesh) and eluting agents of hexane/ethyl acetate, DCM/MeOH. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out using pre-coated silica Gel GF plates and visualized using KMnO 4 stains. 1 H-NMR spectra were recorded at 400 or 500 MHz (Varian) using CDCl 3 with TMS.
- TLC Thin layer chromatography
- High-resolution mass spectra were recorded on LC/MS (Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity II/6120 Quadrupole) and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer by ESI or matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) .
- Example 1 The preparation of compound A1 of the present disclosure
- Compound A1 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- Example 2 The preparation of compound A2 of the present disclosure
- Compound A2 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, after concentrated under reduced pressure, the resultant residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-5%of MeOH/DCM) to provide compound A74 (4.1 g, 60%yield) as yellow solid.
- the product was characterized with mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR. MW calc.: 713.31; MW Found: 303.17 [DMT] -, 412.36 [DMT off + H] + .
- Example 3 The preparation of Compound A3 of the present disclosure.
- the Compound A3 of the present disclosure was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, after which it was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-3%of MeOH/DCM) to provide compound A89 (8.1 g, 61%yield) as yellow solid.
- the product was characterized with mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR. MW calc.: 760.48; MW. Found: 761.8 [M + H] + .
- the crude product (300 mg, 0.41 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) , then DMAP (175 g, 1.44 mmol, 3.5 eq) , succinic anhydride (123 mg, 1.23 mmol, 3.0 eq) were added under nitrogen atmosphere.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then H 2 O (10 mL) was added into the reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (3*20 mL) and the organic phase was combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography.
- the crude product (300 mg, 0.41 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) then DIPEA (204 ⁇ L, 1.23 mmol, 3.0 eq) , 3- ( (chloro (diisopropylamino) phosphanyl) oxy) propanenitrile (274 ⁇ L, 1.23 mmol, 3.0 eq. ) were added under nitrogen atmosphere at 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h. The mixture was extracted two times with DCM, then washed with brine and dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 .
- Example 5 The preparation of compound A6 of the present disclosure
- Compound A6 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, after which it was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-5%of MeOH/DCM) to provide compound A93 (6.23 g, 74%yield) as yellow solid.
- the product was characterized with mass spectrometry, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR. MW calc.: 741.34; MW. Found: 303.11 [DMT] -, 440.14 [DMT off + H] + .
- Example 6 The preparation of compound A7 of the present disclosure
- Compound A7 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the resultant residue (1.0 g, 2.25 mol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in 10 mL DCM, and Et 3 N (0.47 mL, 3.37 mmol, 1.5 eq) , DMTrCl (915 mg, 2.7 mmol, 1.2 eq) were added therein.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, after which it was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the resultant residue compound was directly used in the next step without further purification.
- the product A102 was characterized with mass spectrometry. MW calc.: 746.47; MW. Found: 303.2 [DMT] - .
- the crude product (500 mg, 0.70 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) , then DMAP (298 mg, 2.45 mmol, 3.5 eq) , succinic anhydride (140 mg, 1.40 mmol, 2.0 eq) were added therein under nitrogen atmosphere.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then H 2 O (10 mL) was added into the reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (3*10 mL) and the organic phase was combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography.
- Example 7 The preparation of compound A8 of the present disclosure
- Compound A8 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the resultant residue (1.0 g, 2.12 mol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in 10 mL DCM, and Et 3 N (0.44 mL, 3.17 mmol, 1.5 eq) , DMTrCl (860 mg, 2.54 mmol, 1.2 eq) were added therein.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, after which it was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-5%of MeOH/DCM) to provide compound A107 (1.27 g, 77%yield) as yellow solid.
- the product was characterized with mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR. MW calc.: 774.50; MW.
- the crude product (500 mg, 0.67 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) , then DMAP (286 mg, 2.34 mmol, 3.5 eq) , succinic anhydride (134 mg, 1.34 mmol, 2.0 eq) were added therein under nitrogen atmosphere.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then H 2 O (10 mL) was added into the reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (3*10 mL) and the organic phase was combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography.
- Example 8 The preparation of compound A9 of the present disclosure
- Compound A9 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the resultant residue (1.5 g, 3.0 mol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in 10 mL DCM, and Et 3 N (0.625 mL, 4.5 mmol, 1.5 eq) , DMTrCl (1.2 g, 3.6 mmol, 1.2 eq) were added therein.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h, after which it was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the resultant residue compound was directly used in the next step without further purification.
- the product A112 was characterized with mass spectrometry. MW calc.: 802.53; MW. Found: 303.2 [DMT] - .
- the crude product (500 mg, 0.65 mmol, 1.0 eq) was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) , then DMAP (276 mg, 2.27 mmol, 3.5 eq) , succinic anhydride (129 mg, 1.29 mmol, 2.0 eq) were added therein under nitrogen atmosphere.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then H 2 O (10 mL) was added into the reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (3*10 mL) and the organic phase was combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography.
- Example 9 The preparation of compound A10 and A13 of the present disclosure
- Example 10 The preparation of compounds A11 and A15 of the present disclosure
- reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then H 2 O (10 mL) was added into the reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (3*10 mL) and the organic phase was combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-10%of MeOH/DCM) to provide compound A124 (126 mg, 55%yield) as colorless oil.
- the product was characterized with mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR. MW calc.: 1204.66; MW Found: 303.2 [DMT] - .
- Example 11 The preparation of compound A12 of the present disclosure
- Compound A12 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight then H 2 O (10 mL) was added into the reaction, the mixture was extracted with DCM (3*10 mL) and the organic phase was combined, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography.
- the resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-10%of MeOH/DCM) to provide compound A127 (120 mg, 45%yield) as colorless oil.
- the product was characterized with mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR. MW calc.: 917.56; MW Found: 303.2 [DMT] - .
- Example 12 The preparation of compound A14 of the present disclosure
- Compound A14 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- Example 13 The preparation of compound B1 of the present disclosure
- Compound B1 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the compound B15 (20 g, 27.5 mmol, 1.0 eq) was added into AcOH (100 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 95°C for 4 h. Then saturated NaHCO 3 solution (100 mL) was added therein, the mixture was extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate, then the organic phase was combined and washed with saturated NaHCO 3 solution (3*100 mL) , dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated. The resultant residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-50%of EA/Hexane) to provide compound B16 (8.78 g, 45%yield) as white solid.
- the compound B17 was prepared by using the start material of (2S, 3R, 4R, 5R, 6R) -3-acetamido-6- (acetoxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2, 4, 5-triyl triacetate.
- Example 14 The preparation of compound B2 of the present disclosure
- Compound B2 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- This step comprises the preparation of compound B38 from methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate.
- the resultant residue (compound B40) was directly used in the next step without further purification.
- the compound B40 was characterized with mass spectrometry. MW calc.: 525.27; MW. Found: 526.59 [M+H] + .
- Controlled Pore Glass CPG
- DIPEA N, N-Diisopropylethylamine
- HBTU O- (1H-Benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
- Example 15 The preparation of Compound B3 of the present disclosure.
- the Compound B3 of the present disclosure was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the compound B39 was originated from the steps (1) - (2) of Example 14.
- Example 16 The preparation of Compound B4 of the present disclosure.
- the Compound B4 of the present disclosure was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- Compound B17 was originated from the step (6) of Example 13.
- Example 17 The preparation of Compound B5 of the present disclosure.
- the Compound B5 of the present disclosure was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- Compound B46 was originated from the steps (3) - (5) of Example 15.
- Example 18 The preparation of compound B6 of the present disclosure.
- the compound B6 of the present disclosure was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- Example 19 The preparation of compound tC2 of the present disclosure.
- the dicarboxylic acid (20 g, 86.8 mmol) was dissolved/suspended in dry CH 2 Cl 2 (100 mL) . Then oxalyl chloride (16.2 mL, 190.96 mmol) and DMF (5 drops) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide crude compound C2, which was directly used in the next step without further purification.
- CPG Controlled Pore Glass
- DIPEA N, N-Diisopropylethylamine
- HBTU 208 mg, 0.55 mmol, 2.0 eq
- Compound D1 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the compound 39 (2.3 g, 4.18 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Diisoropyl ammonium tetrazolide (2.15 g, 12.54 mmol, 3.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (40 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere was added 3- ( (Bis (diisopropylamino) phosphino) oxy) propanenitrile (3.78 g, 12.54 mmol, 3.0 eq) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h. The mixture was extracted two times with DCM, then washed with brine and dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 .
- Example 21 The preparation of compound D2 of the present disclosure
- Compound D2 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the compound 40 (1.1 g, 1.67 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Diisoropyl ammonium tetrazolide (858 mg, 5.01 mmol, 3.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (15 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere was added 3- ( (Bis (diisopropylamino) phosphino) oxy) propanenitrile (1.51 g, 5.01 mmol, 3.0 eq) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h. The mixture was extracted two times with DCM, then washed with brine and dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 .
- Example 22 The preparation of compound D3 of the present disclosure
- Compound D3 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the compound 41 (2 g, 3.63 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Diisoropyl ammonium tetrazolide (1.86 g, 10.89 mmol, 3.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (20 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere was added 3- ( (Bis (diisopropylamino) phosphino) oxy) propanenitrile (3.28 g, 10.89 mmol, 3.0 eq) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h. The mixture was extracted two times with DCM, then washed with brine and dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 .
- Example 23 The preparation of compound D4 of the present disclosure
- Compound D4 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the compound 22 (2 g, 3.14 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Diisoropyl ammonium tetrazolide (1.61 g, 9.43 mmol, 3.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (20 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere was added 3- ( (Bis (diisopropylamino) phosphino) oxy) propanenitrile (2.85 g, 9.43 mmol, 3.0 eq) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h. The mixture was extracted two times with DCM, then washed with brine and dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 .
- Example 24 The preparation of compound D5 of the present disclosure
- Compound D5 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- the resultant residue was dissolved in 10 mL THF, then 1 M TBAF THF solution (3.39 mL, 3.39 mmol, 1.5 eq) was added under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then H 2 O (20 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted three times by ethyl acetate, then washed one time by brine, dried by anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resultant residue was purified with flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 1-5%of MeOH/DCM) to provide compound 43 (0.8 g, 46%yield) . The product was characterized with mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR.
- the compound 43 (800 mg, 1.05 mmol, 1.0 eq) and Diisoropyl ammonium tetrazolide (360 mg, 2.1 mmol, 2.0 eq) were dissolved in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) under nitrogen atmosphere was added 3- ( (Bis (diisopropylamino) phosphino) oxy) propanenitrile (634 mg, 2.1 mmol, 2.0 eq) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h. The mixture was extracted two times with DCM, then washed with brine and dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 .
- Compound D6 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- Example 26 The preparation of compound D7 of the present disclosure
- Compound D7 was prepared in this Example by using the following procedures.
- Compound F69 was prepared in this example by using the following procedures.
- the resultant residue compound was purified with flash chromatography (silica gel, gradient eluent: 10-40%of ethyl acetate/petroleum ether) to provide compound 47 (1.5 g, 22%yield) as light-yellow oil.
- the product was characterized with mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR. MW calc.: 598.99; MW. Found: 599.72 [M + H] + .
- Oligonucleotide sequences used for cell or animal treatments in the following examples are listed in Table 1.
- Example 29 Characterization of the in vitro knockdown activity of DEC-conjugated siRNAs for mouse FVII gene.
- PMH cells were transfected with each of the indicated DCOs (i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712) at 0.1 nM and 1 nM with Lipofectamine TM RNAiMAX (Thermofisher) for 24 hours according to the manufacturer’s instructions was shown in FIG. 1.
- DCOs i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712
- Mock treatment was transfection in the absence of oligonucleotide.
- dsCon2 served as a non-specific duplex control.
- Mouse FVII mRNA levels were quantified by RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- Tbp was amplified as an internal reference for RNA loading. The mean expression values of FVII mRNA relative to Mock treatment are normalized to Tbp.
- transfection of RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712 reduced FVII mRNA expression by 94%, 85%, 91%, 80%, 78%and 84%at 0.1 nM and 98%, 96%, 97%, 89%, 91%and 89%at 1 nM treatment, respectively. All tested DCOs achieved comparable knockdown activities in a dose-dependent manner with RD-12339, RD-12585 and RD-12586 having slightly greater maximal activities.
- RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712 were added to the culture media of PMH cells at escalating concentrations (i.e., 0.01, 0.05, 0.20, 0.78, 3.13, 12.50, 50 and 200 nM) for 24 hours.
- concentrations i.e., 0.01, 0.05, 0.20, 0.78, 3.13, 12.50, 50 and 200 nM
- Example 30 Characterization of in vivo knockdown activity of DEC-conjugated siRNAs for mouse FVII gene expression.
- DCOs i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712
- mice were sacrificed on 3 days post dosing and FVII mRNA level was quantified in liver tissue after RNA isolation and RT reaction via RT-qPCR using gene specific primer sets.
- RD-12339, RD-12586, RD-12710 and RD-12712 exhibited over 60%knockdown activity with RD-12339 having the greatest knockdown activity.
- RD-12339, RD-12585, RD-12586, RD-12710, RD-12711 and RD-12712 caused an 81%, 82%, 89%, 80%, 81%and 89%knockdown of FVII mRNA.
- FVII protein expression levels in the plasma of the treated mice were detected by ELISA assay.
- 3 DCOs i.e., RD-12339, RD-12585 and RD-12586
- RD-12339, RD-12585 and RD-12586 at medium dose (1 mg/kg) reduced FVII protein expression by 67%, 51%and 65%, respectively.
- knockdown activity was similar for all tested DCOs with RD-12339, RD-12585 and RD-12586 providing 89%, 87%and 93%reductions in FVII protein levels, respectively.
- Example 31 Potent and durable knockdown of DEC-conjugated siRNAs on mouse FVII protein in plasma of C57BL/6J mice
- the indicated DCOs i.e., RD-12710 and RD-12712
- RD-11706 was injected at 3 mg/kg and served as a control.
- Saline was injected as a vehicle control to establish the baseline of mFVII protein expression.
- Mouse plasmas were collected on 10, 31, 54, 61, 80 and 89 days post dosing and mFVII protein level was quantified in mouse plasma by ELISA assay. The results of potent and durable knockdown of DEC-siRNAs on mouse FVII protein in plasma are shown in FIG. 5.
- Example 32 In vitro knockdown activity of DEC-siRNA in PMH cells via free uptake.
- exemplary DEC-siRNAs i.e., RD-13110, RD-13115, and RD-13118
- PMH cells were treated at escalating concentrations (i.e., 1.56, 6.25, 25, 100, 400 and 1600 nM) in absence of any additional delivery system (i.e., free uptake) for 72 hours.
- Sod1 levels were assessed via RT-qPCR to generate dose response curves and estimate potency.
- potency dotted line
- Example 33 In vivo knockdown of DEC-siRNA on Sod1 mRNA level in CNS tissues
- mice were sacrificed on 7 days post dosing and CNS tissues from the brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum, and cerebrum) , spinal cord (i.e., cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) , and periphery (i.e., liver) were harvested for mRNA expression analysis via RT-qPCR.
- CNS tissues i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum, and cerebrum
- spinal cord i.e., cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
- periphery i.e., liver
- RD-13115 and RD-13118 had improved knockdown across all tissues at the 200 ⁇ g dose indicating the C5x5 conjugates had better in vivo potency via ICV injection compared to the non-conjugated control (i.e., RD-12556) and C5x1 variant RD-13110.
- Analysis in periphery tissue (i.e., liver) also revealed that activity of the C5x5 conjugates (i.e., RD-13115 and RD-13118) were not well retained within the CNS in which systemic exposure via CNS drainage provided knockdown in the liver at levels similar to the CNS tissues.
- both RD-12556 and RD-13110 activity was selectively enriched across the CNS providing only an approximate 11%and 3%knockdown in the liver, respectively.
- the C5x5 conjugates have improved activity and biodistribution across all CNS tissues.
- C5x1 would be more ideal compared to other lipids (e.g., C5x5) .
- Example 34 In vivo knockdown of DEC-siRNA on Sod1 mRNA level following systemic administration
- mice were administered with DEC-siRNAs (i.e., RD-13110, RD-13115 and RD-13118) or non-conjugate control (i.e., RD-12556) at a 20 mg/kg dose via IV injection.
- Mice were sacrificed on day 7 after treatment and Sod1 knockdown was quantified via RT-qPCR in select organs (i.e., heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and bladder) .
- RD-12556 only provided substantial knockdown in the kidney reducing Sod1 levels by 56%, whereas RD-13110 also had activity selectively enriched in the spleen.
- RD-13115 and RD-13118 both had broad activity across all tissues except bladder in which only RD-13118 was capable of reducing Sod1 levels by roughly 21%.
- C5x1 conjugation may have unique delivery functions via systemic administration offering selective targeting to the spleen, whereas C5x5 can provide knockdown to a broader spectrum of tissues.
- inclusion of ACO in RD-13118 was the only DEC-siRNA to provide measurable knockdown in the bladder indicating combining the DEC technology with ODV-siRNA may also have further delivery benefits when used in combination in vivo.
- Example 35 In vivo knockdown of DEC-siSOD1 on Sod1 mRNA level in skeletal muscle
- mice were treated with DEC-siRNAs (i.e., RD-13110, RD-13115 and RD-13118) or non-conjugate control (i.e., RD-12556) at a 20 mg/kg dose via IV injection.
- Mice were sacrificed on 7 days post dosing and Sod1 mRNA level was quantified via RT-qPCR in muscle tissues (i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus) .
- RD-12556 provided no significant knockdown in any muscle tissue compared to the saline treatment group.
- RD-13110 had modest activity in select tissues yet did not exceed 25%reductions in Sod1 mRNA levels at the 20 mg/kg dose.
- RD-13115 reduced Sod1 mRNA levels by 82%, 84%, 78%, and 76%in bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus tissues, respectively.
- RD-13118 reduced Sod1 mRNA levels by 76%, 84%, 61%, and 67%in bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus tissues, respectively.
- DEC conjugation provides knockdown in muscle tissue via IV injection; however, C5x5 conjugates (i.e., RD-13115 and RD-13118) enabled siRNA knockdown at a 20 mg/kg dose that has been otherwise unobtainable by conventional delivery technologies (i.e., LNP and GalNAc) .
- C5x5 conjugates i.e., RD-13115 and RD-13118
- siRNA knockdown at a 20 mg/kg dose that has been otherwise unobtainable by conventional delivery technologies (i.e., LNP and GalNAc) .
- Example 36 In vivo knockdown activity of DEC-siSOD1 on Sod1 mRNA level in retinal tissue
- DEC-siRNAs i.e., RD-13115 and RD-13118
- non-conjugate control i.e., RD-12556
- Rats were sacrificed on 14 days post dosing and Sod1 mRNA level was quantified via RT-qPCR in retinal tissue.
- RD-12556 provided only a 39%knockdown
- RD-13115 and RD-13118 reduced Sod1 mRNA levels by 74%and 71%, respectively.
- DEC-siRNA i.e., RD-13115 and RD-13118
- RD-12556 non-conjugated control
- Example 37 Pharmacokinetics of DEC-saRNA in bladder tissue from adult C57BL/6J mice following DEC-saRNA treatment via IVB instillation
- RD-13520 (DEC-saRNA) and RD-10773 (non-DEC-saRNA) via IVB instillation and bladder tissues were harvested on 2-, 6-, 12-hour, day-1 and day-4 after treatment.
- RD-10773 and RD-13520 were detected in the bladder tissue preps by stem-loop RT-qPCR.
- the concentrations of RD-13520 and RD-10773 in bladder were plotted in FIG. 11 to evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) and summarized in Table 4.
- Example 38 Potent and durable knockdown of mouse Sod1 mRNA by DEC-conjugated siRNAs in C57BL/6J mice
- RD-15135 served as a non-conjugate control.
- RD-15136 was a lipid (i.e., C16) conjugated siRNA.
- RD-15137 with a typical DEC structure i.e., C5X5 served as a typical DEC-siRNA.
- FIG. 12A shows the body weight change of C57BL/6J mice out to day 28 post treatment.
- Sod1 mRNA expressions on 14 and 28 days post dosing in tissues from periphery i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, pancreas, diaphragm
- tissues from periphery i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, pancreas, diaphragm
- blood vessel i.e., thoracic aorta with vein
- skeletal muscle i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus
- Example 39 Potent and durable knockdown of rat Sod1 mRNA in SD rats by DEC-conjugated siRNAs
- RD-15135 served as a non-conjugate control.
- RD-15136 was a lipid (i.e., C16) conjugated siRNA.
- RD-15137 with a typical DEC structure i.e., C5X5 served as a typical DEC-siRNA.
- aCSF alone was used as a vehicle control to establish baseline expression.
- FIG. 13A shows the body weight change of SD rats out to day 28 post treatment.
- Sod1 mRNA expressions on 14 days post dosing in tissues from brain i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and cerebrum
- spinal cord i.e., cervical, thoracic and lumbar
- periphery i.e., liver and kidney
- FIG. 13B Sod1 mRNA on 28 days post dosing in tissues from brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and brainstem) , spinal cord (i.e., cervical, thoracic and lumbar) and periphery (i.e., liver and kidney) were shown in FIG. 13C.
- Example 40 Delivery enhancing compound (DEC) of siRNA-ACO provides consistent and potent knockdown on SOD1 mRNA in SK-N-AS and T98G cells.
- DEC-siRNA-ACOs i.e., RD-16149, RD-16099, RD-16100, RD-16101, RD-16150, RD-16103, RD-16104 and RD-16105
- concentrations i.e., 1.56, 6.25, 25, 100, 400 and 1600 nM
- RD-16106 was transfected and served as a siRNA-ACO control. Mock treatments were transfected in absence of oligonucleotide (not shown) .
- SOD1 mRNA levels were quantified via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- the remaining human SOD1 mRNA levels in SK-N-AS and T98G cells were plotted in FIG. 14A-14B.
- the EC 50 values were summarized in Table 5.
- Example 41 Knockdown activity and tissue concentration of siRNAs via ICV injection in adult hSOD1 G93A mice.
- siRNAs i.e., RD-14851, RD-12500, RD-16145 and RD-16334.
- RD-16334 with a DEC structure i.e., L17
- Treatment with aCSF alone was used as a vehicle control to establish baseline expression.
- FIG. 15A shows the remaining SOD1 mRNA on 30 days post dosing as quantified in tissues from brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and cerebrum) , spinal cord and periphery (i.e., liver) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- FIG. 15B shows the concentration on 30 days post dosing as in tissues from brain (i.e., frontal cortex, cerebellum and cerebrum) , spinal cord and periphery (i.e., liver) via stem-loop RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- Serum chemistry i.e., glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) , glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) , total bilirubin (TBIL) and creatinine (CRE)
- completed blood count i.e., white blood cell (WBC) , red blood cell (RBC) , blood platelet (PLT) etc.
- Example 42 Splicing activity of “saRNA-ASO” DEC-DAO structure in GM03813 cells.
- DEC-DAO DEC-DAO linkage with L21 linker (i.e., RD-16939 and RD-16940) , DEC-saSMN2 (i.e., RD-16424) and DEC-antisense oligonucleotide (DEC-ASO) (i.e., RD-14644) were transfected into GM03813 cells at indicated concentrations (i.e., 0.1, 1 and 10 nM) for 3 days.
- RD-16381 was transfected as a non-specific DEC control.
- Combo treatment i.e., RD-16424+RD-14644
- combo treatment control i.e., RD-16381+RD-16424, RD-16381+RD-14644
- concentrations i.e., 0.1, 1 and 10 nM
- saRNA-ASO DEC-DAO structure provides potent splicing activity on mRNA levels of SMN2FL and SMN2 ⁇ 7, indicating that combining a saRNA with a ASO into a DAO can largely retain and even increase the activity of both saRNA and ASO units.
- Example 43 Effect of “saRNA-siRNA” DEC-DAO structure targeting two different human genes (SMN2 and SOD1) on the expression of SMN2 (SMN2FL and SMN2 ⁇ 7) and pOD1 in GM03813 cells.
- DEC-DAO linkage with L21 linker i.e., RD-16941
- DEC-saSMN2 i.e., RD-16424
- DEC-siSOD1 i.e., RD-13115
- RD-16381 was transfected as a non-specific DEC control.
- FIGs. 17A-17B shows mRNA levels of SMN2FL and SMN2 ⁇ 7 and FIG. 17C shows remaining SOD1 mRNA levels.
- “saRNA-siRNA” DEC-DAO structure provides the potent gene induction on expression of SMN2FL and knockdown on SOD1 mRNA, respectively. This result indicates that combining a saRNA with a siRNA into a DAO can largely retain the activity for each unit and enhance the activity of the saRNA unit.
- Example 44 Effect of “siRNA-siRNA” DEC-DAO structure targeting two different genes (mouse Sod1 and Ppig) on the expression of mouse Sod1 and Ppig in C2C12 cells.
- DEC-DAO structure targeting two different genes was transfected into C2C12 cells at indicated concentrations (i.e., 0.01, 0.1 and 1 nM) for 24 hours.
- RD-16381 was transfected as a non-specific DEC control.
- Combo treatment i.e., RD-13115+RD-14672
- combo treatment control i.e., RD-16381+RD-13115, RD-16381+RD-14672
- concentrations i.e., 0.01, 0.1 and 1 nM
- siRNA-siRNA DEC-DAO structure provides potent knockdown activity on mouse Sod1 and Ppig mRNA levels, respectively. This result indicates that combining two siRNAs targeting different genes into a DAO can largely retain the activity for each siRNA unit and even enhance the activity of both siRNA units.
- Example 45 Effect of “siRNA-siRNA” DEC-DAO structure targeting two different genes (mouse Sod1 and Ppig) on the expression of mouse Sod1 and Ppig in vivo.
- Remaining mouse Sod1 mRNA on 14 days post dosing were quantified in tissues from periphery (i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, diaphragm, thoracic aorta with vein) , and skeletal muscle (i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus) via RT-qPCR using a gene specific primer set.
- periphery i.e., heart, liver, kidney, fat tissues, diaphragm, thoracic aorta with vein
- skeletal muscle i.e., bicep, semitendinosus, platysma and gluteus
- Example 46 Pharmacokinetics of DEC-saRNA in retina and vitreous humor of adult SD rat following DEC-saRNA treatment via IVT injection
- DEC-saRNA i.e., RD-16447
- non-conjugated saRNA i.e., RD-12173
- the rats were sacrificed on 1-hour, day-1, -3, -7, -14 and -28 following treatment and the concentrations of RD-16447 and RD-12173 were quantified in retina and vitreous humor via stem-loop RT-qPCR. Concentrations of RD-16447 and RD-12173 in retina and vitreous humor were plotted in FIG. 20A-20B. Mean concentrations of oligonucleotide in retina and vitreous humor were summarized in Table 7.
- Example 47 Knockdown activity of DEC-siRNA targeting SOD1 in T98G cells.
- a new DEC structure (i.e., C5x34) was designed and conjugated to a siRNA targeting SOD1 gene, resulting in a new DEC-siRNA (i.e., RD-17138) .
- the indicated DEC-siRNA i.e., RD-17138
- T98G cell 0.1 nM and 1 nM for 24 hours.
- RD-11566 was transfected and served as a non-specific duplex control.
- Mock treatments were transfected in absence of oligonucleotide.
- SOD1 mRNA levels were quantified via RT-qPCR. As shown in FIG.
- RD-17138 showed a knockdown activity on SOD1 mRNA expression greater than 90%at 0.1 nM and 1 nM, suggesting the new DEC structure C5x34 can enhance the knockdown activity of siRNA on SOD1 mRNA level in vitro.
- oligonucleotides used in the following examples were synthesized via the following general method.
- the single strand oligonucleotide was synthesized on a K&ADNA synthesizer (K&A Laborgeraete GbR, chaafheim, Germany) by a solid phase synthesis technique.
- the starting material was universal solid support or special solid support commercially available or synthesis as disclosure in previous context.
- phosphoramidite monomers including various linkers and conjugates were added sequentially onto a solid support in the DNA synthesizer to generate the desired full-length oligonucleotides.
- each cycle of amidite addition consisted of four chemical reactions including detritylation, coupling, oxidation/thiolation and capping.
- detritylation was performed by using 3%dichloroacetic acid (TCA) in DCM for 45 seconds.
- the second step Phosphoramidite coupling was conducted for 6 minutes for all amidites by 12 eq.;
- oxidation was performed by using 0.02 M iodine in THF: pyridine: water (70: 20: 10, v/v/v) for 1 minute; if phosphorothioate modification needed then replace oxidation by thiolation which was carried out with 0.1 M solution of xanthane hydride in pyridine: ACN (50: 50, v/v) for 3 minutes;
- the capping was performed by using a THF: acetic anhydride: Pyridine (80: 10: 10, v/v/v) (CAP A) and N-methylimidazole: THF (10: 90, v/v) , (CAP B) for 20 seconds.
- the Cycles of four chemical reaction will be depended by the length of single of oligonucleotide.
- Deprotection I (Nucleobase Deprotection): After completion of the synthesis, the solid support was transferred to a screw-cap microcentrifuge tube. For a 1 ⁇ mol synthesis scale, 1 ml of a mixture of methylamine and ammonium hydroxide was added. The tube containing the solid support was then heated in an oven at 60°C to 65°C for 15 min and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The cleavage solution was collected and evaporated to dryness in a speedvac to provide crude single strand of oligonucleotide.
- Deprotection II Removal of 2’-TBDMS Group: If The crude RNA oligonucleotide, still carrying the 2’-TBDMS groups, then dissolved in 0.1 ml of DMSO. After adding 1 ml of Triethylamine trihydrofluoride, the tube was capped, and the mixture was shaken vigorously to ensure complete dissolution and then heated in an oven at 65°C for 15 minutes. The tube was removed from the oven and cooled down to room temperature. The solution containing the completely desilylated oligonucleotide was cooled on dry ice.
- oligonucleotides The purification of oligonucleotides was performed on an AKTA explorer 10 equipped with a Source 15Q 4.6/100 PE column using the following conditions: buffer A: (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) , B: (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 2M NaCl, pH 7.5) , gradient: 10%B to 60%B in 25 min, flow rate: 1 ml/min.
- buffer A (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5
- B (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 2M NaCl, pH 7.5)
- gradient 10%B to 60%B in 25 min
- flow rate 1 ml/min.
- the pure oligonucleotides were collected and desalting by a HiPrep 26/10 Desalting column.
- sense strand passenger strand
- antisense strand guide strand
- PMH Primary mouse hepatocytes
- T98G cells (Cobioer, Cat#CBP60301) were cultured under the conditions of 5%CO2 and 37°C in modified MEM medium (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10%bovine calf serum (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1%penicillin/streptomycin.
- modified MEM medium Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA
- 10%bovine calf serum Sigma-Aldrich
- SK-N-AS Procell, Wuhan, China, Cat#CL-0621
- C2C12 CBP60252, Cobioer, China
- SMA patient derived fibroblasts GM03813 cells were obtained from Coriell Institute (Camden, NJ, USA) and cultured at 5%CO2 and 37°C in modified MEM medium supplemented with 15%bovine calf serum, 1%NEAA and 1%penicillin/streptomycin. Transfection was carried out using Lipofectamine RNAiMax (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA) in growth media without antibiotics according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Free uptake was carried out by directly adding oligonucleotides into culture medium containing the PMH cells.
- C57BL/6J mice (B204, Beijing, China) were anesthetized with isoflurane and perfused by initial flushing reagent and digestion reagent successively.
- the liver was placed into a 10 cm dish and torn apart using forceps in culture medium.
- the cell suspension was collected by filtering through a 70-75-micron membrane in 50 mL conical tube, followed by centrifuging at 4°C for 2 minutes at 100 ⁇ g in a swinging-arm centrifuge. Cells were washed with 20 mL cold PBS after removing the supernatant (Repeat this step twice) . Cells with at least 80%viability were allowed to proceed with the assay. Appropriate number of cells were seeded to the cell culture plates which were pre-coated with collagen I 4-12 hrs in advance to yield a final confluence of 90-95%prior to the start of the assay.
- mice All animal procedures were conducted by certified laboratory personnel using protocols consistent with local and state regulations and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
- C57BL/6J mice (4-6 weeks old) purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., LTD (B204, Beijing, China) .
- Sprague-Dawley female rats (A102, SPF, China) were purchased from SPF (Suzhou) Biotechnology Co., LTD.
- Parental transgenic hSOD1 G93A mice (Strain ID #004435) were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME, USA) and imported into China via Nantong University (Nantong City, Jiangsu province, China) .
- Formulations for in vivo studies were prepared fresh prior to use by dissolving aliquots of lyophilized oligonucleotide into saline or aCSF to create stock solutions for dilution to the intended treatment concentrations. Animals were randomly allocated into study groups based on body weight and sex.
- Avertin (1.2%) was prepared fresh and sterilized via 0.2-micron filter. Mice were dosed at 0.30-0.35 ml per 10 g body weight via intraperitoneal (IP) injection in a stereotaxic apparatus to rapidly induce anesthesia for up to 30 minutes. An approximate 11.5 mm incision was made in the animal’s scalp and a 25-gauge needle attached to a Hamilton syringe containing the appropriate siRNA formulation was placed at bregma level. The needle was moved to the appropriate anterior/posterior and medial/lateral coordinates (0.2 mm anterior/posterior and 1 mm to the right medial/lateral) . A total of 10 ⁇ L was injected into the lateral ventricle at an approximate rate of 1 ⁇ L/s. Following treatment, the needle was slowly withdrawn, and the wound sutured close.
- IP intraperitoneal
- Anesthesia was administered via 3.0%isoflurane in an induction chamber for continuous 10 mins. Hair was shaved around the injection site at the base of the tail and cleaned with 75%ethanol. The space between the L5-L6 spinous processes was identified and a 30-gauge needle attached to a microliter syringe containing the appropriate drug formulations was slowly inserted into the intradural space until a tail flick was observed. The needle position was subsequently secured in which 30 ⁇ L total volume of solution was injected over the course of 1 min.
- mice were exposed to an infrared lamp for 2-3 min to dilate the veins, and then held in the restrainer to straighten the tail.
- the tail was wiped with 75%alcohol and the needle was inserted 2 to 4 mm parallel to the tail vein into the lumen, keeping the bevel of the needle upwards.
- the preformed solution was injected slowly and should be free of resistance if administered correctly.
- the recommended injection volume for test article is 200 ⁇ L and the injection rate don’t exceed 5 ml/min.
- the injection site is pressed firmly with a cotton swab or finger to prevent backflow of the administration solution and/or blood.
- IVTT Intravitreal
- SD rats were housed in animal facility of Ractigen (Nantong, Jiangsu, China) and fed for at least three days prior to the intravitreal (IVT) injection of compounds.
- SD rats were anesthetized in an isoflurane (RWD, R510-22-16) induction chamber (5%isoflurane in 100%medical oxygen, 2 L/min) until they had no response to toe pinches.
- SD rats were transferred to the experimental operating platform and positioned for delivery of isoflurane (2%isoflurane in 100%medical oxygen, 1.5 L/min) using a homemade face mask during the procedure of IVT injection. Before the IVT injection of compounds, one drop of 0.5%alcaine as topical anesthetics was applied to the injected eye (left eye) .
- An anterior chamber paracentesis was performed using a 30-gauge needle, followed by approximately 5 ⁇ L aqueous humor were outflowed.
- Each compound for corresponding group was dissolved in 4 ⁇ L normal saline and loaded into a 30-gauge needle for IVT injection.
- the compounds were administered by inserting at a 45° angle of the needle through the sclera into the vitreous body, then injected into the posterior chamber keeping for 5 seconds to avoid the leaking.
- the injected eye was administered with antibiotics to prevent infection after the IVT injection.
- IVB Intravesical bladder
- mice were anesthetized and placed on a temperature-controlled pad at 28-31°C. Each mouse will be excreted urine from the bladder by urinary catheterization and to wash the bladder with saline before IVB instillation. A 2 cm catheter attached to a 1 ml syringe containing compound solution was intubated into bladder via urinary meatus. A total of 50 ⁇ L solution was injected into the bladder through an indwelling urinary catheterization at ⁇ 1.5 hours.
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Abstract
Description
*ND; not detected (knockdown did not exceed 50%Sod1)
Erel= 2 (CtTm-CtTs) /2 (CtRm-CtRs)
Erel=2 (CtTm-CtTs) / ( (2 (CtR1m-CtR1s) *2 (CtR2m-CtR2s) ) (1/2) )
Claims (46)
- An oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound comprising a nitrogen-containing five membered heterocyclic ring moiety and at least one substituent directly or indirectly attachable to an oligonucleotide.
- The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 1, having a structure represented by Formula AI or Formula AII
wherein each independently represents a covalent single or double bond; X, on each occurrence, is an atom selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; each of F, G, H and I is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;wherein m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, n is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and m+n=4;wherein C, on each occurrence, is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C1-C20) alkyl, (C1-C20) alkoxy, halogenated (C1-C20) alkyl and halogenated (C1-C20) alkoxy;wherein B, on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, -P (O) 2-OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C1-C22) alkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C22) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C22) arylene-OH, - (C6-C22) heteroarylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C22) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C22) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C5-C22) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) NH2, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) NH2, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1- C30) alkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-(C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene -P (O) -OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-CN,wherein each of A1, A2 and A3 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, -O-R1, -SH, - (C1-C25) alkyl, halogenated - (C1-C25) alkyl, - (C2-C22) alkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C3-C22) cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-COOR1, -C (O) O-R1, -O- (C1-C22) alkyl, -S- (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -O-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-R1, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, -adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -O-adamantly, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -halogenated (C1-C22) alkyl, -CH (NH-CO- (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-C [- (C1-C22) alkylene-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl] 3, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-C [- (C1-C22) alkylene-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1] 3, -CH (NH-CO-halogenated (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -halogenated (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C1-C6 alkylene oxide) (1-20) -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -C (O) NH- (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) NH-R1, -C (O) NR2-R1, -C (O) NH- (C1- C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-COOH, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -NH-C (O) -R1, -NR2-C (O) -R1, -O-P (O) 2-O-R1, -OP (O) (S) -O-R1, -O-P (O) -O-R1, -NH-R1, -NR2-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) O-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene -P (O) -OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzooxazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole, and a substituent represented by Formula AIII,
wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P, Q, S and T is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and the asterisk refers to the site wherein the substituent represented by Formula AIII is linked with the structure represented by Formula AI or Formula AII;wherein each of R3, R4 and R5 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, -O-R1, -SH, - (C1-C25) alkyl, halogenated - (C1-C25) alkyl, - (C2-C22) alkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C3-C22) cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-COOR1, -C (O) O-R1, -O- (C1-C22) alkyl, -S- (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -O-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-R1, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, -adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -O-adamantly, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -halogenated (C1-C22) alkyl, -CH (NH-CO- (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-C [- (C1-C22) alkylene-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl] 3, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-C [- (C1-C22) alkylene-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1] 3, -CH (NH-CO-halogenated (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -halogenated (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C1-C6 alkylene oxide) (1-20) -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -C (O) NH- (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) NH-R1, -C (O) NR2-R1, -C (O) NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-COOH, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -NH-C (O) - R1, -NR2-C (O) -R1, -O-P (O) 2-O-R1, -OP (O) (S) -O-R1, -O-P (O) -O-R1, -NH-R1, -NR2-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) O-R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -R1, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-(C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene -P (O) -OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzooxazole, and substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole,wherein R7, on each occurrence, is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C1-C20) alkyl, (C1-C20) alkoxy, halogenated (C1-C20) alkyl and halogenated (C1-C20) alkoxy;wherein M is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3;wherein R6 is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2-O-, -O-P (O) 2-O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-, -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH-(C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) -, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-, -N ((C1-C22) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, -N ((C1-C22) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-N ( (C1-C22) alkyl) -C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (O) 2-O-, - (C3-C22) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C22) cycloalkylene-O-, -O- (C3-C22) cycloalkylene-, - (C6-C22) arylene-, - (C6-C22) arylene-O-, -O- (C6-C22) arylene-, - (C6-C22) arylene-NH-, -NH- (C6-C22) arylene-, -C (O) - (C6-C22) arylene-, - (C6-C22) arylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C6-C22) arylene-, - (C6-C22) arylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C22) arylene-and -C (O) -NH- (C6-C22) arylene-C (O) -O-;wherein R1, on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, - (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C6-C22) aryl, - (C1-C22) alkoxy, - (C3-C22) cycloalkoxy, - (C6-C22) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, -OC (O) (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C1-C22) alkyl, -C (O) - (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -O- (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, -C (O) - (C6-C22) aryloxy, -OC (O) - (C6-C22) aryloxy, -C (O) -O- (C6-C22) aryloxy, -C (O) -phosphate ester group, phosphodiester group, phosphoramidite group, saturated fatty acid group, unsaturated fatty acid group, glucosyl, acetamide glucosyl, galactosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, lipid, PEG, steroid, lipophile, carbohydrate, cholesterol, adamantane, amino acid, peptide, chloroquine and alkaloid,wherein R2, on each occurrence, is independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a (C1-C12) alkyl, a (C1-C12) alkoxy, a (C1-C12) alkoxycarbonyl, a (C6-C16) aryl or a (C6-C16) aryloxycarbonyl;wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and phosphoric acid group contained in A1, A2, A3, B, C, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are optionally linked to a support material or protected with a terminal protective group; andwith the proviso that A1, A2 and A3 are not simultaneously hydrogen and R3, R4 and R5 are not simultaneously hydrogen. - The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 1, comprising a moiety represented by Formula BI and at least one substituent directly or indirectly attachable to an oligonucleotide,
wherein X′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; each of F′, G′, H′ and I′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of the asterisks refers to a site optionally linked to at least one substituent or an oligonucleotide directly or indirectly. - The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 3, having a structure represented by Formula BII
wherein X′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of F′, G′, H′ and I′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;wherein each of A1′, A2′ and A3′ is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -R1′, -O-R1′, -S-R1′, -C (O) -R1′, -C (O) O-R1′, -O-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) NH-R1′, -C (O) NR2′-R1′, -NH-C (O) -R1′, -NR2′-C (O) -R1′, -O-P (O) 2-O-R1′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R1′, -O-P (O) -O-R1′, -NH-R1′, -NR2′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NR2′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NH-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NR2′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-C (O) O-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NR2′-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -R1′; - (CH2) r′-C (O) O-R1′; - (CH2) r′-O-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -NH- (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NR2′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, -CH (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-C (O) -NH- (CH2) s′-R1′) (-C (O) -NH- (CH2) q′-R3′) , -N (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ ( (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) ( (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ ( (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) ( (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , or A1′ and A2′ are linked together so that A1′, A2′, the nitrogen atom linked with A1′ and the carbon atom linked with A2′ form a unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic ring; wherein each of R1′ and R3′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, - (C1-C30) alkyl, - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, - (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, - (C3-C50) cycloalkoxy, - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkyl, -OC (O) (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -OC (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -phosphate ester group, phosphodiester group, phosphoramidite group, saturated fatty acid group, unsaturated fatty acid group, glucosyl, acetamide glucosyl, galactosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, lipid, PEG, steroid, lipophile, carbohydrate, cholesterol, adamantane, amino acid, peptide, ligand, nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, aptamer, small molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, chloroquine, alkaloid and targeting moiety, wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amino group contained in each of R1′ and R3′ are optionally protected; wherein each of R2′, R4′, R5′ and R6′ is independently a halogen atom, a (C1-C12) alkyl, a (C1-C12) alkoxy, a (C1-C12) alkoxycarbonyl, a (C6-C16) aryl or a (C6-C16) aryloxycarbonyl; wherein each of r′, s′, p′ and q′ is an integer from 1 to 22; and with the proviso that A3′ is absent when X′ is oxygen, and A1′, A2′ and A3′ are not simultaneously hydrogen;wherein each C′ is attached to any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C1-C20) alkyl, (C1-C20) alkoxy, halogenated (C1-C20) alkyl and halogenated (C1-C20) alkoxy;wherein m′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, n′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and m′+n′=4;wherein each B′ is attached to any one of F′, G′, H′ and I′, and is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, -P (O) 2-OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- [ (C1-C30) alkylene-O] r′-H (wherein r′ is an integer of 1 to 22) , -C (O) -NH- [ (C1-C30) alkylene-O] r′- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -OH (wherein r′ is an integer of 1 to 22) , -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene- (C6-C50) arylene- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) 2-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene -P (O) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) -OH, - (C5-C50) -heteroarylene-P (O) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-CN, - (C6-C50) arylene-CN, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-CN, lipid, PEG, steroid, lipophile, carbohydrate, cholesterol, adamantane, amino acid, peptide, chloroquine, alkaloid and a substituent represented by Formula BIII:
wherein Y′ is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P′, Q′, S′ and T′ is independently selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and the asterisk refers to the site wherein the substituent represented by Formula BIII is linked with any one of F′, G′, H′and I′ of Formula BII;where R7′ is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2-O-, -O-P (O) 2-O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) -, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH-(C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) -, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, - (C1-C30) alkylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (O) 2-O-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-, -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-NH-, -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-P (O) 2-O-, - (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-O-, -O- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-NH-, -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) - (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH-, - (C6-C50) arylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C6-C50) arylene-O-P (O) 2-O-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-, -O- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-NH-, -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C5- C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-P (O) 2-O-; wherein each of R8′ and R9′ is either absent or is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, hydroxyl, - (C1-C30) alkyl, - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, - (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-NH2, - (C6-C50) arylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, - (C3-C50) cycloalkoxy, - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkyl, -OC (O) (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -OC (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkylene-phosphoric acid, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-phosphoric acid, - (C6-C50) arylene-phosporic acid; wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group and phosporic acid group contained in each of R8′ and R9′ are optionally protected with a terminal protective group; or R8′ and R9′ are linked together so that R8′, R9′, the carbon atom linked with R8′ and the Y′ atom linked with R9′ form a unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic ring; with the proviso that R9′ is absent when Y′ is oxygen or sulfur;each R10′ is attached to any one of P′, Q′, S′ and T′, and is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, -P (O) 2-OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene- C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH-(C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3- C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) 2-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene -P (O) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) -OH, - (C5-C50) -heteroarylene-P (O) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-CN, - (C6-C50) arylene-CN, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-CN, wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and phosporic acid group contained in R10′ is optionally linked to a support material or protected with a terminal protective group;wherein each R11′ is attached to any one of P′, Q′, S′ and T′, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C1-C20) alkyl, (C1-C20) alkoxy, (C1-C20) alkoxycarbonyl, halogenated (C1-C20) alkyl and halogenated (C1-C20) alkoxycarbonyl; andwherein M′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, N′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and M′+N′=4. - The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 2 or 4, wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and phosphoric acid group contained in each of A1, A2, A3, B, C, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R1′, R2′, R3′, R4′, R5′, R6′, R7′, R8′, R9′, R10′ and R11′ are optionally protected with a terminal protection group RP selected from the group consisting of (C1-C22) alkyl, (C1-C22) alkoxy, (C1-C22) alkylcarbonyl, (C1-C22) alkoxycarbonyl, (C6-C22) aryl, (C6-C22) aryloxy, (C6-C22) arylcarbonyl, (C6-C22) aryloxycarbonyl, glucosyl, acetamide glucosyl, galactosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine, tri ( (C1-C22) alkyl) silyl and tri ( (C1-C22) alkoxy) silyl; andwherein the support material is selected from the group consisting of silica, silica gel, glass, ceramic, polymer, cellulose, and combinations thereof.
- The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 2 or 4, having a structure represented by any of Formula AIV to Formula AXIII and Formula BIV to BXIV,
wherein A1, A2, A3, A4, F, G, H, I, B, C, P, Q, S, T, R6, R7, m, n and M are as defined in claim 2,wherein each of RING I and RING II is a 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 member ring;wherein A4′ is attached to any atom of RING I, and each of A4′, A5′ and A6′ is independently selected from the group consisting of -R1′, -O-R1′, -S-R1′, -C (O) -R1′, -C (O) O-R1′, -O-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) NH-R1′, -C (O) NR2′-R1′, -NH-C (O) -R1′, -NR2′-C (O) -R1′, -O-P (O) 2-O-R1′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R1′, -O-P (O) -O-R1′, -NH-R1′, -NR2′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NR2′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NH-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NR2′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-C (O) O-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NR2′-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -R1′; - (CH2) r′-C (O) O-R1′; - (CH2) r′-O-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NR2′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, -CH (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -N (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ ( (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) ( (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ ( (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) ( (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) ; wherein each of R1′ and R3′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, - (C1-C30) alkyl, - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, - (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, - (C3-C50) cycloalkoxy, - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkyl, -OC (O) (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -OC (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -phosphate ester group, phosphodiester group, phosphoramidite group, saturated fatty acid group, unsaturated fatty acid group, lipid, PEG, steroid, lipophile, carbohydrate, cholesterol, adamantane, amino acid, peptide, ligand, nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, aptamer, small molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, polyethylene glycol, carbohydrate, antibody, antibody fragment, chloroquine, alkaloid and targeting moiety, wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amino group contained in each of R1′ and R3′ are optionally protected; wherein each of R2′, R4′, R5′ and R6′ is independently a halogen atom, a (C1-C12) alkyl, a (C1-C12) alkoxy, a (C6-C16) aryl or a (C6-C16) aryloxy; wherein each of r′, s′, p′ and q′ is an integer from 1 to 22; andwherein R12′ is attached to any atom of RING II and is selected from the group consisting of -H, hydroxyl, - (C1-C30) alkyl, - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, - (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-NH2, - (C6-C50) arylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, - (C3-C50) cycloalkoxy, - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkyl, -OC (O) (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -OC (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkylene-phosporic acid, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-phosporic acid, - (C6-C50) arylene-phosporic acid; wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group and phosporic acid group contained in R12′ are optionally protected. - The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 2, wherein each of F, G, H and I is carbon, m is 1 and n is 3, B is attached to G or H, each of P, Q, S and T is carbon, R6 is attached to any one of Q and S;wherein the protection group RP is selected from the group consisting of benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) , tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) , 4, 4′-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) , t-butyloxy carbonyl (Boc) , benzyl (Bn) and benzyloxy (BnO) ;wherein C, on each occurrence, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C1-C12) alkyl, (C1-C12) alkoxy, halogenated (C1-C12) alkyl and halogenated (C1-C12) alkoxy;wherein B, on each occurrence, is selected from the group consisting of - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, -O-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) NH2, - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) NH2, -O-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) NH2, - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) NH2, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C16) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C16) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C16) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) OH, and -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C16) alkylene-CN,wherein each of A1, A2 and A3 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, linear or branched - (C6-C22) alkyl, linear or branched - (C2-C22) alkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C3-C22) cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-COOR1, -O- (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C6-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C1-C6 alkylene oxide) (1-20) -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -C (O) NH-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzooxazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole, and a substituent represented by Formula AIII,wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur; and each of P, Q, S and T is carbon;wherein each of R3, R4 and R5 is either absent or a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -OH, linear or branched - (C6-C22) alkyl, linear or branched - (C2-C22) alkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C3-C22) cycloalkenyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C3-C22) cycloalkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-COOR1, -O- (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C6-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NR2-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, - (C1-C22) alkylene- (C1-C6 alkylene oxide) (1-20) -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-adamantyl, -C (O) NH-R1, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C22 alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-CN, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrroline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazoline, substituted or unsubstituted benzopyrazolidine, substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzooxazole, and substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole,wherein R7, on each occurrence, is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen atom, hydroxyl, (C1-C20) alkyl, (C1-C20) alkoxy, halogenated (C1-C20) alkyl and halogenated (C1-C20) alkoxy;wherein M is an integer of 0, 1, 2 or 3;wherein R6 is attached to any one of P, Q, S and T, and is selected from the group consisting of - (C1-C16) alkylene-, - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-, -O- (C1-C16) alkylene-, - (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C1-C16) alkylene-, - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH-(C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-O-C (O) -, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) -, - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-, - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-, -N ((C1-C16) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, -N ((C1-C16) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-N ( (C1-C16) alkyl) -C (O) -, - (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-, - (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C16) alkylene-NH-C (O) -.
- The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 4, having a structure represented by any one of Formula BXV to Formula BXXIX,
wherein each of A1′ and A2′ is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -R1′, -O-R1′, -S-R1′, -C (O) -R1′, -C (O) O-R1′, -O-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) NH-R1′, -C (O) NR2′-R1′, -NH-C (O) -R1′, -NR2′-C (O) -R1′, -O-P (O) 2-O-R1′, -OP (O) (S) -O-R1′, -O-P (O) -O-R1′, -NH-R1′, -NR2′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NR2′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NH-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NR2′-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-C (O) O-R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) -R1′, -C (O) - (CH2) r′-NR2′-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -R1′; - (CH2) r′-C (O) O-R1′; - (CH2) r′-O-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) -R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -NH- (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) - NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, - (CH2) r′-NR2′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′, -CH (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-C (O) -NH- (CH2) s′-R1′) (-C (O) -NH- (CH2) q′-R3′) , -N (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ (- (CH2) r′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NH-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CH (- (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) (- (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , -CR4′ ( (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) ( (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) , and -CR4′ ( (CH2) r′-NR5′-C (O) - (CH2) s′-R1′) ( (CH2) p′-NR6′-C (O) - (CH2) q′-R3′) ; wherein each of R1′ and R3′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, - (C1-C30) alkyl, - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, - (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, - (C3-C50) cycloalkoxy, - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkyl, -OC (O) (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -OC (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -phosphate ester group, phosphodiester group, phosphoramidite group, saturated fatty acid group, unsaturated fatty acid group, lipid, PEG, steroid, lipophile, carbohydrate, cholesterol, adamantane, amino acid, peptide, ligand, nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, aptamer, small molecule, antibody, antibody fragment, polyethylene glycol, antibody, antibody fragment, chloroquine, alkaloid and targeting moiety, wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amino group contained in each of R1′ and R3′ are optionally protected; wherein each of R2′, R4′, R5′ and R6′ is independently a halogen atom, a (C1-C12) alkyl, a (C1-C12) alkoxy, a (C1-C12) alkoxycarbonyl, a (C6-C16) aryl or a (C6-C16) aryloxycarbonyl; wherein each of r′, s′, p′ and q′ is an integer from 1 to 22;wherein m′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, n′ is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, and m′+n′=4;wherein each B′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, -P (O) 2-OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, - (C1- C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- [ (C1-C30) alkylene-O] r′-H (wherein r′ is an integer of 1 to 22) , -C (O) -NH- [ (C1-C30) alkylene-O] r′- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -OH (wherein r′ is an integer of 1 to 22) , -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH-(C6-C50) arylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene- (C6-C50) arylene- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) 2-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene -P (O) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) -OH, - (C5-C50) -heteroarylene-P (O) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-CN, - (C6-C50) arylene-CN, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-CN, lipid, PEG, steroid, lipophile, carbohydrate, cholesterol, adamantane, amino acid, peptide, chloroquine and alkaloid;where each R7′ is selected from the group consisting of -O-, -C (O) O-, -O-C (O) -, -P (O) 2-O-, -O-P (O) 2-O-, -P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) (S) -O-, -O-P (O) -O-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) -, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene- O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -C (O) -, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, - (C1-C30) alkylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (O) 2-O-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-, -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-NH-, -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) -NH-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-O-P (O) 2-O-, - (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-O-, -O- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-NH-, -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) - (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C6-C50) arylene- C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) -NH-, - (C6-C50) arylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C6-C50) arylene-O-P (O) 2-O-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-, -O- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-NH-, -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -, -C (O) -O- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-, -C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -N ( (C1-C20) alkyl) -, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) -NH-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene -P (O) 2-O-, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-O-P (O) 2-O-; wherein each R8′ is a substituent independently selected from the group consisting of -H, hydroxyl, - (C1-C30) alkyl, - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, - (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-NH2, - (C6-C50) arylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkoxy, - (C3-C50) cycloalkoxy, - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) - (C1-C30) alkyl, -OC (O) (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -O- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -OC (O) - (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -O- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -OC (O) - (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -O- (C6-C50) aryloxy, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkyl, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkyl, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) aryl, - (C1-C30) alkylene-phosphoric acid, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-phosphoric acid, - (C6-C50) arylene-phosporic acid; wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group and phosporic acid group contained in each of R8′ are optionally protected with a terminal protective group; andwherein each R10′ is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, -C (O) OH, -P (O) 2-OH, -P (O) -OH, -P (O) (S) -OH, -CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene- C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene- NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-O-C (O) - (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C6-C50) arylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C5-C50) heteroarylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) 2-OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) 2-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-C (O) -NH- (C1-C30) alkylene-O-P (-N (C1-C16alkyl) 2) -O- (C1-C30) alkylene-NH2, - (C1-C30) alkylene -P (O) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) -OH, - (C5-C50) -heteroarylene-P (O) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C6-C50) arylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-P (O) (S) -OH, - (C1-C30) alkylene-CN, - (C3-C50) cycloalkylene-CN, - (C6-C50) arylene-CN, - (C5-C50) heteroarylene-CN, wherein one or more hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amino group, nitrile group and phosporic acid group contained in R10′ is optionally linked to a support material or protected with a terminal protective group. - The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to claim 2 or claim 4, having a structure of
wherein represents a support material. - The oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one hydrogen atom contained in the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound is substituted with deuterium atom.
- An oligonucleotide delivery agent, comprising a delivery enhancing compound (DEC) moiety derivable from the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to any of claims 1 to 10 and at least one oligonucleotide.
- The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to claim 11, wherein the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound moiety is linked with the oligonucleotide via at least one linking moiety selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NH-, -N ( (C1-C12) alkyl) -, -N ( (C1-C12) alkyl) -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -, -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH-, -OP (O) 2O-, -P (O) (O-) O-, -OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2-O-, -S (O) 2-O-, -S (O) - O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) O-, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) -, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) 2O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) (O-) O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) (O-) O- (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) (S) O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-S (O) 2-O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) 2-O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) -O-, -O-P (O) 2-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) 2O-, -O-P (O) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-S (O) 2-O-, -S (O) 2-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) 2-O- and -O-S (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) -O-; andthe oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) , antisense RNA, short interfering RNA (siRNA) , micro-RNA (miRNA) , small activating RNA (saRNA) , double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) , and small guide RNA (sgRNA) .
- The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to claim 11, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises at least part of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO 1 to 53.
- The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to claim 11, comprising a structure represented by Formula AA
wherein the delivery enhancing compound (DEC) moiety is derived from the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and is linked to at least one oligonucleotide directly or indirectly. - The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to claim 14, wherein the DEC is linked with the oligonucleotide via at least one first linking moiety.
- The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to claim 14, wherein the TM is linked with the DEC via at least one second linking moiety.
- The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to any one of claims 14-16, wherein each of the first linking moiety and the second linking moiety is independently selected from the group consisting of direct bond, -O-, -S-, -C (O) -, -NH-, -N ( (C1-C12) alkyl) -, -N ( (C1-C12) alkyl) -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -, -C (O) -O-, -O-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -NH-, -OP (O) 2O-, -OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2-O-, -S (O) 2-O-, -S (O) -O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-, -NH-(C1-C22) alkylene-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) O-, -O-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -O-, -C (O) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-C (O) -, -C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -, -NH-C (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-C (O) -NH-, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) 2O-, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-CH ( (C1-C22) alkylene-OH) -OP (O) 2O-, -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-CH ( (C1-C22) alkylene-OH) - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) 2O-, -C (O) -NH- (C1-C22) alkylene-NH-C (O) -, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) 2O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) (S) O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-O-S (O) 2-O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) 2-O-, - (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) -O-, -O-P (O) 2-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) 2O-, -O-P (O) -O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) O-, -OP (O) (S) O- (C1-C22) alkylene-OP (O) (S) O-, -O-S (O) 2-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-O-S (O) 2-O-, -S (O) 2-O- (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) 2-O-and -O-S (O) - (C1-C22) alkylene-S (O) -O-; and/orwherein the oligonucleotide is selected from the group consisting of short interfering RNA (siRNA) , small activating RNA (saRNA) , microRNA (miRNA) , antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and small guide RNA (sgRNA) .
- The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to any of claims 14-16, the targeting moiety is one or more selected from the group consisting of ligands, peptides, nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, aptamers, lipids, fatty acids, small molecules, polyethylene glycols, amino acids, cholesterols, carbohydrates, and antibodies or antibody fragments.
- The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to claim 13, having a structure represented by any of the formulae AAI to AAXXIV:
wherein L represents the linking moiety, represents the oligonucleotide delivery enhancing compound, the symbolepresents a double strand oligonucleotide in which each of the strands represents interchangeably a sense strand or an antisense strand, either symmetric or asymmetric independently on each of the ends; the symbolrepresents a single strand oligonucleotide, and each of a, b and c is independently an integer from 1 to 50. - The oligonucleotide delivery agent according to any of claims 11 to 19, wherein at least one hydrogen atom contained in the delivery enhancing compound moiety, the linking moiety, the targeting moiety and/or the oligonucleotide is substituted with deuterium atom.
- A pharmaceutical composition, the composition comprising:a) the oligonucleotide delivery agent according to any of claims 11 to 20; andb) optionally, one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, solvent, diluent, stabilizer, dispersant, buffer, compatibilizer, preservative agent and combinations thereof.
- A method of modulating the expression of a target gene in a subject, the method comprising the step of administrating the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21 to a subject.
- The method of claim 22, wherein the oligonucleotide or the target gene comprises at least part of the sequence as set forth in at least part of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO 1 to 53.
- The method of claim 22, wherein the pharmaceutical composition increases the expression of the target gene.
- The method of claim 22, wherein the pharmaceutical composition decreases the expression of the target gene.
- The method of any of claims 22-24, wherein the subject is a mammal.
- The method of claim 26, wherein the mammal is a rodent.
- The method of claim 27, wherein the rodent is a mouse.
- The method of claim 27, wherein the rodent is a rat.
- The method of claim 26, wherein the mammal is a non-human primate.
- The method of claim 26, wherein the mammal is a human.
- The method of any of claims 22-24, wherein the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder.
- The method of claim 32, wherein the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) , brain, spinal cord, liver, lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, cholecyst, heart, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, bladder, muscle or bone.
- The method of claim 33, wherein the disease is cancer.
- A method of modulating the expression of a target gene, the method comprising contacting a cell with the pharmaceutical composition of claim 21.
- The method of claim 35, wherein the oligonucleotide or the target gene comprises at least part of the sequence as set forth in at least part of the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 to 53.
- The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmaceutical composition increases the expression of the target gene.
- The method of claim 35, wherein the pharmaceutical composition decreases the expression of the target gene.
- The method of claim 35, wherein the cell is a mammalian cell.
- The method of claim 39, wherein the mammalian cell is a mouse cell.
- The method of claim 39, wherein the mammalian cell is a rat cell.
- The method of claim 39, wherein the mammalian cell is a non-human primate cell.
- The method of claim 39, wherein the mammalian cell is a human cell.
- The method of any of claims 35-43, wherein the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder.
- The method of claim 44, wherein the target gene is associated with a disease or disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) , brain, spinal cord, liver, lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, cholecyst, heart, lymph nodes, spleen, stomach, bladder, muscle or bone.
- The method of claim 44, wherein the disease is cancer.
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EP3679138B1 (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2023-03-22 | MiNA Therapeutics Limited | Hnf4a sarna compositions and methods of use |
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