WO2024001281A1

WO2024001281A1 - Wearable spine health monitoring device and system based on multi-channel myoelectricity

Info

Publication number: WO2024001281A1
Application number: PCT/CN2023/080212
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王玮; 李光林
Original assignee: 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
Priority date: 2022-06-30
Filing date: 2023-03-08
Publication date: 2024-01-04
Also published as: CN115153559A

Abstract

Provided are a wearable spine health monitoring device and system based on multi-channel myoelectricity. The monitoring device comprises an elastic substrate and an upper garment. The elastic substrate is fixed on a rear garment piece (1) of the upper garment, and symmetrically distributed multi-channel myoelectricity acquisition electrode points (2) are arranged on the elastic substrate. During use, the elastic substrate is attached to the back and fixed by means of wearing the upper garment. The monitoring device can achieve rapid arrangement and attachment of large-area back multi-channel myoelectricity, is easy to wear and take off and wear for a long time, can monitor myoelectricity information on the left side and the right side of the back in daily dynamic motion or rehabilitation treatment for a long time, can achieve real-time evaluation of spine activity, and solve the problems of lack of accurate evaluation of spinal neuromuscular physiological information and lack of long-term and real-time monitoring tools for spine health in the existing spine health screening.

Description

Wearable spine health monitoring equipment and system based on multi-channel electromyography

Technical field

The present disclosure relates to medical detection technology, and in particular to a wearable spine health assessment and monitoring system based on multi-channel electromyography.

Background technique

Spinal health is currently a major issue that endangers the health of adolescents. Spinal deformities represented by idiopathic scoliosis have a high incidence rate among adolescents, which has a serious negative impact on adolescents' physical and mental health and socioeconomic development. Spinal health screening and daily spine health monitoring for teenagers are very important. However, in current spine health screening, visual assessment of body surface morphology is usually the main method. Since early symptoms are not obvious, some obese people will also develop symptoms to a certain extent. Masking bone deformities and other symptoms may lead to missed detection of early spinal problems. Further medical imaging examinations often focus on the skeletal structure of the spine. Less attention has been paid to the assessment of neuromuscular information that may contribute to spinal health, and there are currently no efficient methods for assessing the dynamic changes in physiological information of spinal neuromuscularity over the long term (during daily activities or treatment).

Myoelectricity can reflect the neuromuscular electrophysiological information of the human body. A number of domestic and foreign studies have confirmed that the back muscles of people with spinal abnormalities (such as scoliosis, low back pain, muscle spasms, etc.) will exhibit abnormal electromyographic activity characteristics. , thus providing rich information for assessing spinal health. Since it is impossible to determine in advance the location of the spinal column where the lesion will occur, the acquisition of electromyographic information should cover a large area of the back. However, for some existing single-point electrodes (such as the invention patent for a scoliosis detection device and method using back surface electromyography testing, application number 202110169448.6), if applied to the detection of large-area back muscles, it will take a long time to arrange. , the problem of low efficiency. For some existing inventions of high-density electrode arrays (invention patent for a preparation method of ultra-thin porous stretchable film electrodes, application number 202110215869.8), since the entire torso needs to be exposed for large-area electromyographic testing on the back, it is also suitable for teenagers. Spine health screening brings a lot of inconvenience and psychological burden, and there is no way to specifically test long-term back muscles in large areas. In daily long-term spine health testing, or in the process of tracking treatment effects that may last for several years (for example, the measurement period for scoliosis may last for several years), if high-frequency spine health assessments are performed in hospitals or professional laboratories It is undoubtedly very time-consuming and labor-intensive to carry out. At present, there is no system or equipment that can monitor spinal health for a long time, and there is no technical method to propose how to use electromyographic signals to effectively monitor spinal muscle activity for a long time.

To sum up, current spinal health screening mainly focuses on visual assessment of the body surface characteristics of the test subject, which has low accuracy. In addition, in the early stages of some diseases, the body surface characteristics are not obvious, making it impossible to detect pathological problems in time. And medical imaging Although imaging assessment can provide high-precision skeletal information, medical imaging has problems such as radiation, time-consuming process, multiple site requirements, and high economic costs. It is not suitable for long-term daily spine health monitoring and high-frequency treatment effect tracking. The existing myoelectric detection technology is still in the laboratory research stage. Because a single myoelectric deployment takes a long time and requires professional personnel to perform data processing and analysis of specific procedures, it cannot be directly and conveniently applied to spinal neuromuscular electrophysiological dynamics for a long time. Assessment, monitoring and early warning of changes.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention proposes a wearable spine health monitoring device and system based on multi-channel electromyography, with the following purposes:

(1) Propose a wearable monitoring device for back surface electromyography measurement, which can realize the rapid arrangement and attachment of multi-channel electromyography on a large area of the back, and is easy to put on and take off and wear for a long time.

(2) It can collect electromyographic data, and can automatically process and analyze real-time data through monitoring equipment or systems to evaluate spinal activity;

(3) It can long-term monitor the EMG information on the left and right sides of the back during daily dynamic exercise or rehabilitation treatment;

(4) In response to risky situations, based on back electromyographic information, real-time warning of abnormal spinal electromyographic activities is provided.

In order to achieve some or all of the above objects, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions:

A wearable spine health monitoring device based on multi-channel electromyography. The monitoring device includes an elastic base and a top. The elastic base is fixed on the back piece of the top. There are symmetrically distributed multi-channel electromyography collection electrode points on the elastic base; using When wearing the top, the elastic base is fixed against the back.

In the above technical solution, in view of the existing screening and assessment methods, the wearable spine health monitoring device of the present invention is a convenient tool for collecting neuromuscular physiological information on large areas of the back, solving the current lack of neuromuscular information acquisition. Equipment problems. This wearable spine health monitoring device is made of large-area multi-channel elastic basal electromyography collection electrodes into wearable clothing or combined with braces, etc., and is worn on the human body. It can be used to record the performance of human back muscles in various scenarios in real time. Dynamic back muscle electrophysiological information to achieve real-time monitoring of spinal activity.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, in one embodiment, the upper garment is specifically a vest, including a vest front part and a vest back part connected by a connector, and the connector can adjust the relationship between the vest front part and the vest back part. The connection distance between the vests allows you to adjust the tightness of the vest and the fit to the back according to different body types.

In the above technical solution, the connector includes any one or more combinations of the following: Velcro, loose Tight straps, tie-able straps, adjustable-length buckles, elastic or non-elastic cord and buckle combinations with or without eyelets.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the elastic base has adhesiveness or adsorption properties and can be used repeatedly.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the electrode points are connected to a signal interface through a conductive path, and the collected electromyographic signals can be exported through the signal interface. By using the signal interface to connect to the storage device or data processing device of the electromyographic signal, it is convenient to Use, maintenance and flexible assembly of monitoring equipment.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the signal interface transmits the collected electromyographic signals to the main controller through the signal transmission bus; the main controller is used to start the monitoring equipment to collect and record the electromyographic signals, which includes a data processing module ;

The data processing module performs automatic real-time data processing and analysis on the collected electromyographic data, and uses the electromyographic signal to obtain abnormality judgment indicators. The abnormality judgment indicators are used to judge whether the muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine is abnormal. One implementation of the abnormality judgment index is to calculate whether there is an unbalanced symmetry index in the spinal symmetry activity where the left and right muscles should exert equal force to evaluate the spinal activity and achieve real-time monitoring.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the general controller includes a communication transmission module; the communication transmission module transmits myoelectric signal data or calculated abnormality judgment indicators to terminals such as mobile phones or clouds through wireless or Bluetooth transmission. It is convenient for professionals to remotely view specific myoelectric spatiotemporal distribution information on the terminal. It combines big data and machine learning and other methods to comprehensively evaluate whether the spine is healthy or abnormal based on myoelectric changes.

In the technical solution of the above monitoring equipment, taking the calculation of symmetry indicators as an example, the operations performed by the data processing module include: performing data processing on the original multi-channel surface electromyography signal of the back, including performing 20-30Hz bandpass filtering, Power frequency notch, etc., remove ECG signal interference, etc., and then obtain the root mean square value of myoelectricity on both sides of the midline of the back on each horizontal line within the set time window. In one implementation, the time window is set to 1 second, and the ratio of the sum of the root mean squares of the left and right sides is used as the symmetry index.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the main controller sets a buzzer to send out an early warning signal when abnormal myoelectric activity occurs, which is used to prompt abnormal muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine and avoid risks that may lead to abnormal myoelectric activity. . The buzzer can be replaced by a vibrator or indicator light.

In order to achieve some or all of the above objects, the present invention also proposes the following technical solutions:

A wearable spine health monitoring system based on multi-channel electromyography, the system includes a terminal and any of the following multi-channel electromyography-based wearable spine health monitoring devices;

(1) A wearable spine health monitoring device based on multi-channel electromyography. The monitoring device includes an elastic base and a top. The elastic base is fixed on the back piece of the top; there are symmetrically distributed multi-channel electromyography collection electrodes on the elastic base. Point; when using, wear the top so that the elastic base fits the back and is fixed.

(2) A wearable spine health monitoring device based on multi-channel myoelectricity. On the basis of (1), the top is a vest, including a vest front part and a vest back part connected by a connector; the connection The piece can adjust the connection distance between the front part of the vest and the back part of the vest to adjust the tightness and fit of the vest according to different body types.

(3) A wearable spine health monitoring device based on multi-channel electromyography. In (2), the connector includes any one or more combinations of the following: Velcro, elastic bands, tie-able straps, Adjustable length buckles, elastic or non-elastic cord and buckle combinations with or without eyelets.

(4) A wearable spine health monitoring device based on multi-channel electromyography. On the basis of (1), the elastic base has viscosity or adsorption and can be used repeatedly.

Moreover, no matter what kind of wearable spine health monitoring device it is, the electrode points in the wearable spine health monitoring device are connected to the signal interface through conductive paths, and the collected electromyographic signals are exported through the signal interface; the signal interface transmits signals through The bus transmits the collected electromyographic signals to the main controller of the collection system; the system main controller includes a data processing module, a communication transmission module, and an early warning module; the data processing module uses the electromyographic signals to obtain abnormality judgment indicators, and the abnormality The judgment index is used to judge whether the muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine is abnormal; through the communication transmission module, the electromyographic signal data and the abnormality judgment index can be transmitted to the terminal; when the abnormality judgment index indicates abnormal muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine, the early warning The module provides early warning prompts.

In the above technical solution, the system can be used for long-term monitoring of spinal health in multiple scenarios, and even early warning to avoid risks that may lead to abnormal myoelectric activity. The wearable monitoring device in the system is a convenient tool for detecting neuromuscular physiological information on large areas of the back. It fills the gap in the evaluation of currently missing neuromuscular information and can adjust the tightness and fit of the monitoring device according to different body types. , easy to wear; when the monitoring device is worn on the human body, it can effectively collect back EMG signals of different body types in real time, obtain abnormality judgment indicators based on back EMG information, and evaluate whether there are abnormalities in muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine based on the abnormality judgment indicators. This enables real-time monitoring of spinal activity; by configuring the early warning model for the monitoring equipment Blocks, such as buzzers, when abnormal myoelectric activity occurs, an early warning signal is sent through the early warning module, indicating that there is abnormal muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine. The data collected by the monitoring equipment can be uploaded to mobile phones or cloud storage at the same time, and can be used by professionals for remote spine health assessment. Compared with conventional spine health screening, which only visually assesses the spinal body surface morphology, or evaluates the bony structure with medical imaging, the system proposed by the present invention adds an assessment of the currently lacking spinal neuromuscular physiological information, and makes the monitoring system as In the form of a wearable device, it is easy to use and can be used in multiple scenarios for a long time. It can be used as an efficient and low-cost tool for spinal health screening and real-time monitoring and early warning of daily spinal activities.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, if the main controller of the collection system is located on the monitoring device, it can monitor and alarm the spine in real time. If it is located at the terminal, the monitoring equipment can be made portable, and data can be transmitted to the terminal wirelessly to achieve remote monitoring and alarming.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting any creative effort.

Figure 1. In one embodiment, a schematic diagram of the elastic base portion of the monitoring device made into a vest;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device being made into the front part of a vest in one embodiment;

In the figure, 1 is the back part of the vest; 2 is the electrode point; 3 is the conductive path; 4 is the signal interface; 5 is the signal transmission bus; 6 is the main controller; 7 is the dust-proof sticker; 8 is the front part of the vest; 9 For Velcro or adjustable elastic ties.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

The invention provides a wearable spine health monitoring device based on multi-channel electromyography. The monitoring device includes electrode points for collecting electromyography signals. There are multiple electrode points, which are symmetrically distributed on an elastic base. Convenient donning is achieved by attaching the elastic base to the top. The top can be in various forms, and its function is to make it easy to put on and take off. After being put on, the elastic base is fixed close to the back so that the electrode points are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the spine on the back of the human body. When the monitoring equipment is started, it can record the dynamic back muscle electrophysiological information of human back muscles in various scenes in real time, and realize real-time monitoring of spinal activities.

When the monitoring equipment is not in use, use dust-proof stickers to cover the elastic base to protect the electrode collection points. By making the elastic base viscous or absorbent, the elastic base can be used repeatedly. When in use, remove the dust-proof sticker on the elastic base, use alcohol to clean the back and the inner surface of the elastic base, then wear the monitoring device, stick or adsorb the elastic base and electrodes to the wearer's back, and make the elastic base symmetrical The axis is aligned with the midline of the spine on the back.

The electromyographic signals collected from the electrode points are exported through the conductive path to equipment capable of data processing. Abnormal muscle activity may occur in many situations, but in daily exercise situations, the electromyographic signals on the left and right sides of the human back spine are symmetrical to each other. Even during periodic movements such as walking or running, the electromyographic signals on the left and right sides within a certain period of time The sum of the respective myoelectric activities also maintains dynamic balance. Therefore, one way to evaluate whether the muscle activity on both sides of the spine is abnormal is to use the symmetry of the electromyographic signals on the left and right sides to evaluate the left-right balance of spinal activity through symmetry indicators, but the abnormality judgment of abnormal electromyographic activity is The indicators don't stop there.

When the abnormality judgment index is a symmetry index, one way to obtain it is to calculate the ratio of the sum of the myoelectric root mean squares of the left electrode to the right electrode on the midline of the back spine on each horizontal line, and use the ratio as a symmetry to evaluate whether the spine is unbalanced. sexual indicators. The closer the ratio is to 1, the better the left-right symmetry of myoelectricity. The closer to 0 or greater than 1, it means there is obvious left-right asymmetry of myoelectrical activity. Set the root mean square ratio interval [0.5, 2] as the normal interval (that is, the range within twice the gap). If it falls in other ranges, there is a possibility of unbalanced spinal activity. Therefore, when the data processing equipment performs data processing on the collected multi-channel surface electromyography raw signals from the back, it includes operations such as 20-30Hz bandpass filtering, power frequency notching, ECG signal removal, and then taking a set certain time window. The root mean square value of electromyography within the range is calculated, and the symmetry index is calculated. The time window size can be adjusted and set, in a specific embodiment, it is 1s. The above-mentioned data analysis method for quantifying muscle activity, or the process of calculating abnormality judgment indicators of myoelectric activity, can be adjusted and changed in the data processing equipment. When the data processing equipment uses software programs to implement data processing, it only needs to be reloaded. The new procedure does not affect the structure and component composition of the monitoring equipment.

If the monitoring equipment and data processing equipment are connected through a signal interface, the maintenance and flexible assembly of the monitoring equipment can be facilitated.

If the data processing equipment is used as a data processing module and integrated with the communication module, the collected electromyographic data, acquired abnormality judgment indicators, or process data used to obtain abnormality judgment indicators can be wirelessly or wirelessly transmitted through the communication module. Bluetooth transmission method is used to transmit it to the terminal for storage or use. The terminal can be a hand Machines, computers, tablets, smart watches, smart bracelets, cloud servers, etc. Wearers or professional evaluators can view specific myoelectric spatiotemporal distribution information on the terminal, and combine big data and machine learning methods to comprehensively evaluate the wearer's long-term myoelectric signal changes, and then evaluate the spine health level. The terminal can store this data. When the terminal supports display graphs, it can display the EMG signal change graph during the monitoring period. Taking the above symmetry index as an example, the terminal can display the root mean square value of each channel and draw the root mean square topography map in the order in which the electromyographic electrode array is arranged.

If the early warning module is further integrated on the basis of integrating the data processing module and the communication module; or the data processing module and the early warning module are integrated together, it can be achieved in real-time assessment or monitoring within a set period of time. When a certain level of myoelectric activity is abnormal, for example, the left-right symmetry index is in an abnormal range for a long time, a warning is issued through the buzzer or vibrator in the early warning module to prompt abnormal muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine. Early warning can also be flashed by lights of different colors. If there is a communication module in the integration, remote early warning prompts can also be realized. The prompt function of the early warning module can be turned on or off. The set time can be 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, etc.

The integrated data processing module and communication module, or the integrated data processing module, communication module and early warning module, or the integrated data processing module and early warning module, may or may not be located on the monitoring device.

In one embodiment, the upper body of the wearable spinal health monitoring device is a vest, including a front body part and a back body part. The schematic diagram of the back part of the vest is shown in Figure 1. A large area of elastic base is sewn on the back part of the vest (1). Multi-channel electrode points (2) are distributed on the elastic base and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the middle part of the back of the vest. When wearing the vest, the electrode points are evenly distributed on both sides of the spine and are used to collect electromyographic signals of muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine, and the elastic base makes it suitable for different body types. The vest can record the dynamic back muscle electrophysiological information of human back muscles in various scenes in real time. The recording scene is not limited, and can be used for daily walking, sitting, standing, running, etc. Based on back electromyographic information, it can be used to calculate and evaluate whether there are abnormalities in muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine, so as to monitor spinal activity in real time. In one embodiment, the elastic base is made of a surface electromyographic film. By using the film, it can be easily attached to the back of the subject, and due to the soft adhesion of the film itself, it is not easily removed from the body of the subject. fall off. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Other flexible materials can also be selected to prepare the elastic base, and the method for preparing the elastic base is not limited. The back part of the vest is made of elastic clothing textile fabric, and the elastic base is fixed by sewing, printing or pasting. On the back part of the vest. When using the vest, peel off the dust-proof sticker (7) covering the electrode, make the elastic base located between the back part of the vest and the back of the human body, and make the elastic base fit and fixed on the back of the human body.

An integration method illustrated in Figure 1 is to integrate the data processing module, communication module and early warning module into the main controller of the back part of the vest. Turn on the switch of the main controller (6), start the monitoring equipment, and the monitoring equipment starts to collect and record myoelectric signals. The electrical signal collected by each electrode point (2) is transmitted to a main controller (6) for processing through the conductive path (3) through the signal interface (4) and the signal transmission bus (5), and then can be wirelessly processed through the communication module. Or transmit data to the terminal via Bluetooth for storage or monitoring or real-time evaluation. If it is found during monitoring or real-time assessment that a certain level of myoelectricity indicator is in an abnormal state for a long time within a set period of time, the buzzer or vibrator of the early warning module will sound a warning, or the light will flash to remind the left and right sides of the spine. Imbalance in lateral muscle activity. Set a certain time, such as 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, etc.

Based on the back part of the vest, the front part of the vest is mainly used to fix and adjust the tightness of the vest. In front of it can be suspenders, straps or variations thereof. Figure 2 illustrates a form in which the front part of the vest is made into vest clothing. In Figure 2, the vest front part (8) is made of elastic clothing textile fabric, and a connecting piece is used at the connection between the shoulder straps and the front piece. The vest front part is composed of left and right parts, and the left and right parts are connected through the first It is composed of parts, and the shoulders of the front part of the vest and the back part of the vest are connected through shoulder straps using a second connecting piece. The first connecting member and the second connecting member may be Velcro or adjustable elastic ties (9), as shown in Figure 2. The first connecting member and the second connecting member may also be buckles with adjustable strap lengths, or straps with a certain length for tying, etc.

In summary, the upper garment of the monitoring device in the present invention is not limited to a vest, and can also be a short-sleeved cardigan, long-sleeved shirt, etc. The use of monitoring equipment is not limited to daily monitoring of spinal health. It can also be used for real-time monitoring of spinal activity during spinal correction. At this time, the elastic base of the detection equipment can be nested in the spinal orthopedic device. During the application process, depending on the scope of activities and application scenarios, the power source required by the present invention can be a replaceable battery or a rechargeable battery, or it can be connected to other power sources through cables.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments and application fields. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are only illustrative and instructive, rather than restrictive. . Under the guidance of this description and without departing from the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms, which are all included in the protection of the present invention.

Claims

A wearable spine health monitoring device based on multi-channel electromyography, which is characterized by:

The monitoring device includes an elastic base and a top, the elastic base being fixed to the back panel of the top;

There are symmetrically distributed multi-channel electromyographic collection electrode points on the elastic base;

When in use, wear the top so that the elastic base fits the back and is fixed.
The wearable spine health monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the upper garment is a vest, including a vest front part and a vest back part connected by a connector; the connector can adjust the vest front part and the vest The connection distance between the rear body parts.
The wearable spine health monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the connector includes any one or more combinations of the following: Velcro, elastic bands, tie-able straps, adjustable-length buckles, Elastic or non-elastic cord and button combinations with or without eyelets.
The wearable spine health monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the elastic base has adhesiveness or adsorption.
The wearable spine health monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode points are connected to a signal interface through a conductive path; the collected electromyographic signals can be derived through the signal interface.
The wearable spinal health monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that the signal interface transmits the collected electromyographic signals to the main controller through a signal transmission bus;

The general controller includes a data processing module;

The data processing module uses electromyographic signals to obtain abnormality judgment indicators, and the abnormality judgment indicators are used to judge whether the muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine is abnormal.
The wearable spine health monitoring device according to claim 6, wherein the overall controller includes a communication transmission module;

Through the communication transmission module, the electromyographic signal data and abnormality judgment indicators can be transmitted to the terminal.
The wearable spine health monitoring device according to claim 6, characterized in that the system general controller further includes a buzzer, a vibrator or an indicator light;

When the abnormality judgment index indicates abnormal muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine, a buzzer, vibrator, or indicator light will provide an early warning.
A wearable spine health monitoring system based on multi-channel electromyography, which is characterized by:

The system includes a terminal and a wearable spine health monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-4;

The electrode points in the wearable spine health monitoring device are connected to the signal interface through conductive paths, and the collected electromyographic signals are exported through the signal interface;

The signal interface transmits the collected electromyographic signals to the collection system master controller through the signal transmission bus; the system master controller includes a data processing module, a communication transmission module, and an early warning module;

The data processing module uses electromyographic signals to obtain abnormality judgment indicators, and the abnormality judgment indicators are used to judge whether the muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine is abnormal;

Through the communication transmission module, the electromyographic signal data and abnormality judgment indicators can be transmitted to the terminal;

When the abnormality judgment index indicates abnormal muscle activity on the left and right sides of the spine, the early warning module provides an early warning prompt.
The system according to claim 9, characterized in that the overall controller is located in a wearable spine health monitoring device or in a terminal.