WO2023284079A1 - 一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器及储热发电系统 - Google Patents

一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器及储热发电系统 Download PDF

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WO2023284079A1
WO2023284079A1 PCT/CN2021/115637 CN2021115637W WO2023284079A1 WO 2023284079 A1 WO2023284079 A1 WO 2023284079A1 CN 2021115637 W CN2021115637 W CN 2021115637W WO 2023284079 A1 WO2023284079 A1 WO 2023284079A1
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particle
heat
channel
water
outlet
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PCT/CN2021/115637
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姬海民
严万军
徐党旗
敬小磊
杨玉
张知翔
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西安热工研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2023284079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023284079A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of new energy physical heat storage and power generation, and relates to a honeycomb particle heat exchanger and a heat storage and power generation system.
  • solar energy is a sustainable and clean energy source.
  • the world is currently facing the challenges of population, resources, and environment.
  • the use of solar energy is increasingly valued by countries all over the world.
  • Solar energy is an efficient, Pollution-free renewable resources have been gradually utilized by all walks of life. This is of great significance to alleviating energy shortages, reducing environmental pollution, and improving people's living standards.
  • the earth receives radiant energy from the sun with a power of 173 ⁇ 105 watts, and the solar energy received by the world every year is equivalent to 68 trillion tons of oil, and its development and utilization have great potential.
  • electric power must vigorously develop new energy power generation technologies.
  • Solar thermal power generation is a new technology of new energy power generation. It uses solar thermal power to heat the medium, and the medium enters the turbine motor generator to generate electricity.
  • the commonly used media are water, molten salt, CO 2 , and fine particles.
  • water, molten salt, and CO 2 which have reached the demonstration stage.
  • the heat storage density is about 12% higher than that of molten salt, and there is no need for heat tracing during the entire flow process, and it will not solidify. It is an excellent solar heat storage medium.
  • the use of granular heat storage and utilization involves the wear of the granular heat exchanger. How to avoid and reduce the wear of the inner wall of the particles is a major problem so far, and it is also a bottleneck for the development of granular heat storage.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a honeycomb particle heat exchanger and heat storage power generation system. power generation requirements.
  • a honeycomb particle heat exchanger comprising a heat exchange unit, the heat exchange unit includes a particle channel and a water channel, the water channel is arranged on one side of the particle channel; along the length direction of the particle channel, the particle channel and the water channel
  • a number of heat conducting rods are arranged between the channels, one end of the heat conducting rod is connected to the water channel, the other end of the heat conducting rod extends into the side wall of the particle channel, and the inner wall of the particle channel is provided with a pit at the end of each heat conducting rod, The end of the heat conducting rod is located at the bottom of the pit, and both the surface of the particle channel and the pit have wear-resistant layers.
  • the surface of the pit is a smooth surface
  • the transition between the mouth of the pit and the inner wall of the particle channel is smooth
  • the end surface of the heat conduction rod is used as the bottom surface of the pit
  • the bottom of the pit and the end surface of the heat conduction rod are smooth transition.
  • water channels are evenly provided along the circumference of the particle channel.
  • the wear-resistant layer is made of wear-resistant ceramic material;
  • the particle channel is made of stainless steel pipe or ceramic pipe;
  • the heat conduction rod is made of stainless steel heat conduction rod, and the water channel is made of stainless steel pipe.
  • heat conducting rods are evenly distributed along the length direction of the particle channel.
  • the honeycomb particle heat exchanger of the present invention also includes a shell and several heat exchange units, the shell is an insulated shell, and the shell is provided with a particle inlet, a particle outlet, a water inlet and a water outlet, and all the heat exchange units are arranged on In the shell; one end of all the particle channels communicates with the particle inlet, the other end of all the particle channels communicates with the particle outlet; one end of all the water channels communicates with the water inlet, and the other end of all the water channels communicates with the water outlet.
  • the particle inlet and water outlet are located on one side of the housing, and the particle outlet and water inlet are located on the other side of the housing.
  • the space between the heat exchanging units in the housing is filled with a heat conducting material.
  • the end of the heat conducting rod protrudes into the water channel, and the end is provided with heat exchanging fins, and the heat exchanging fins are parallel to the fluid flow direction of the water channel.
  • the present invention also provides a heat storage and power generation system, comprising a solar heat collection and heat absorption device, a turbine, a generator, a cooler, a circulation pump, a blower and the honeycomb particle heat exchanger as described above in the present invention, and the solar heat collection
  • a heat storage and power generation system comprising a solar heat collection and heat absorption device, a turbine, a generator, a cooler, a circulation pump, a blower and the honeycomb particle heat exchanger as described above in the present invention, and the solar heat collection
  • the particle outlet of the heat absorbing device and the outlet of the blower are connected to the inlet of the particle channel, and the outlet of the particle channel is connected to the particle inlet of the solar heat collection and heat absorbing device;
  • the outlet of the blower is connected with the inlet of the particle channel, and the blower is used to drive the particle flow in the particle channel;
  • the steam inlet of the turbine is connected to the water outlet of the water channel
  • the steam outlet of the turbine is connected to the water inlet of the cooler
  • the turbine is connected to the generator
  • the water outlet of the cooler is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump
  • the outlet of the circulation pump is connected to the water inlet Channel water inlet connection.
  • the thermal energy of the particles in the particle channel can be transferred to the refrigerant in the water channel by using the heat conducting rods to realize heat exchange;
  • the heat conducting rods The end of one end protrudes into the side wall of the particle channel, the inner wall of the particle channel is provided with a pit at the end of each heat conducting rod, and the end of the heat conducting rod is located at the bottom of the pit, due to the existence of the pit structure , can make the particles enter the pit during the flow process, thus reducing the flow velocity of the particles in the pit, and the flow velocity of the particles close to the end of the heat conducting rod can reach zero under ideal conditions, so it can effectively reduce the impact of the particles on the heat conducting rod
  • Abrasion makes the entire structure intact, and the particles in the particle channel can heat the particles in the pits through heat transfer and heat radiation, and the particles in the pits can also have a certain flow rate, so it can also be continuously
  • the update ensures that the heat can be transferred to the heat conducting rod as much as possible to ensure the heat exchange effect.
  • Both the surface of the particle channel and the pit have a wear-resistant layer in order to prevent the particles from rapidly wearing their surfaces.
  • the present invention can effectively avoid the abrasion of the weakened particles on the inner wall of the heat exchanger, and can further meet the requirements of high-efficiency solar energy particle heat storage and power generation.
  • the surface of the pit is a smooth surface, the mouth of the pit and the inner wall of the particle channel are smoothly transitioned, the end surface of the heat conducting rod is used as the bottom surface of the pit, and the bottom of the pit is smoothly transitioned to the end surface of the heat conducting rod.
  • the particle inlet and water outlet are located on one side of the shell, and the particle outlet and water inlet are located on the other side of the shell, so that the refrigerant for heat exchange can enter from the colder end and gradually approach the higher temperature during the flow process. area, reducing the chilling of the material and improving the service life of the entire ventilation system.
  • the gaps between the heat exchange units in the shell are filled with heat-conducting materials, and the heat-conducting materials can be used to exchange the heat carried in the particles to the greatest extent, thereby improving the efficiency of the entire heat exchanger.
  • the end of the heat conduction rod extends into the water channel, and the end is provided with heat exchange fins, which can increase the heat exchange area between the fluid in the water channel and the heat conduction rod, and improve the heat exchange efficiency;
  • the fins are parallel to the fluid flow direction of the water channel, which can reduce the resistance of the fins to the fluid flow in the water channel.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat storage power generation system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a particle heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a particle heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of the particle heat exchanger shown in Fig. 3 .
  • 1 is a particle heat exchanger
  • 2 is a solar heat collector
  • 3 is a turbine
  • 4 is a generator
  • 5 is a cooler
  • 6 is a circulating pump
  • 7 is a blower
  • 8 is a heat conducting rod
  • 9 is water Channel
  • 10 is a heat conduction hole
  • 11 is a particle channel
  • 12 is a pit
  • 13 is a shell.
  • the honeycomb particle heat exchanger of the present invention includes a heat exchange unit, the heat exchange unit includes a particle channel 11 and a water channel 9, and the water channel 9 is arranged on one side of the particle channel 11;
  • the heat exchange unit includes a particle channel 11 and a water channel 9, and the water channel 9 is arranged on one side of the particle channel 11;
  • several heat conduction rods 8 are arranged between the particle channel 11 and the water channel 9, one end of the heat conduction rod 8 is connected to the water channel 9, and the other end of the heat conduction rod 8 extends into the side wall of the particle channel 11 , the inner wall of the particle channel 11 is provided with a pit 12 at the end of each heat conducting rod 8, the end of the heat conducting rod 8 is located at the bottom of the pit 12, and the surfaces of the particle channel 11 and the pit 12 have wear-resistant layers .
  • the surface of the pit 12 is a smooth surface, the mouth of the pit 12 and the inner wall of the particle channel 11 are smoothly transitioned, and the end surface of the heat conducting rod 8 is used as the bottom surface of the pit 12 , There is a smooth transition between the bottom of the pit 12 and the end face of the heat conducting rod 8 , this shape is conducive to the movement of particles in the pit in an approximate laminar flow, and avoids excessive wear of the heat conducting rod 8 caused by vortices.
  • the overall shape of the pit 12 is a shape with a large mouth and a small bottom, so that the particles in the pit 12 can flow slowly and be renewed.
  • the preferred shape is a trumpet, although rectangular or square is also acceptable.
  • the wear-resistant layer is made of wear-resistant ceramic material;
  • the particle channel 11 is made of stainless steel pipe or ceramic pipe;
  • the heat-conducting rod 8 is made of stainless steel heat-conducting rod, and
  • the water channel 9 is made of stainless steel pipe.
  • the honeycomb particle heat exchanger of the present invention also includes a shell 13 and several heat exchange units, the shell 13 is a thermal insulation shell, and the shell 13 is provided with a particle inlet, a particle outlet, an inlet Water outlet and water outlet, all heat exchange units are arranged in the said shell; one end of all particle channels 11 communicates with the particle inlet, the other end of all particle channels 11 communicates with the particle outlet; one end of all water channels 9 communicates with the water inlet, The other ends of all water passages 9 communicate with the water outlets.
  • heat exchange units can be arranged in matrix or tube bundle.
  • the particle inlet and water outlet are located on one side of the housing 13 , and the particle outlet and water inlet are located on the other side of the housing 13 .
  • the gaps between the heat exchange units in the housing 13 are filled with thermally conductive materials.
  • the end of the heat conducting rod 8 protrudes into the water channel 9 , and the end is provided with heat exchange fins, and the heat exchange fins are parallel to the fluid flow direction of the water channel 9 .
  • the present invention also provides a kind of thermal storage power generation system, comprises solar heat collection and heat absorbing device 2, turbine 3, generator 4, cooler 5, circulation pump 6, air blower 7 and the present invention as mentioned above
  • the particle outlet of the solar heat collecting and heat absorbing device 2 and the outlet of the blower 7 are connected to the inlet of the particle channel 11, and the outlet of the particle channel 11 is connected to the particle inlet of the solar heat collecting and heat absorbing device 2;
  • the outlet of the blower 7 is connected to the inlet of the particle passage 11, and the blower 7 is used to drive the flow of particles in the particle passage 11;
  • the steam inlet of turbine 3 is connected to the water outlet of water channel 9, the steam outlet of turbine 3 is connected to the water inlet of cooler 5, the turbine 3 is connected to generator 4, the water outlet of cooler 5 is connected to the inlet of circulating pump 6 Connect, the outlet of circulating pump 6 is connected with the water inlet of water channel 9.
  • the heat storage and power generation system of this embodiment includes a solar heat collection and heat absorption device 2, a turbine 3, a generator 4, a cooler 5, a circulation pump 6, a blower 7 and the honeycomb structure of the present invention as described above.
  • the particle heat exchanger, the particle outlet of the solar heat collecting and heat absorbing device 2 and the outlet of the blower 7 are connected with the inlet of the particle channel 11, and the outlet of the particle channel 11 is connected with the particle inlet of the solar heat collecting and heat absorbing device 2;
  • the outlet of the blower 7 Connected to the inlet of the particle channel 11, the blower 7 is used to drive the particle flow in the particle channel 11;
  • the steam inlet of the turbine 3 is connected to the water outlet of the water channel 9, and the steam outlet of the turbine 3 is connected to the water inlet of the cooler 5 ,
  • the turbine 3 is connected to the generator 4, the water outlet of the cooler 5 is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump 6, and the outlet of the circulation pump 6 is connected to the water inlet of the water channel 9.
  • the honeycomb particle heat exchanger adopts the structure shown in FIG. 2 , and several heat exchange units arranged in a matrix form as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are distributed in the casing 13 .
  • the heat exchange unit several water channels 9 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the particle channel 11; several heat conducting rods 8 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the particle channel 11; the particle inlet and water outlet are located on the lower side of the shell 13 , the particle outlet and water inlet are located on the upper side of the shell 13, the shape of the pit 12 is smooth and bell-shaped;
  • the particle channel 11 is made of stainless steel pipes, and its surface is provided with a ceramic wear-resistant layer;
  • the heat conducting rod 8 is made of stainless steel heat conducting rod, and the water Channel 9 adopts stainless steel piping.
  • the solar heat collecting and absorbing device can use solar energy to heat the particles as the heat medium, and the air blower can use the air to transport the particles, thereby making the heat carried by the particles flow; It can use the high-temperature water vapor in the particle heat exchanger to generate electricity, thereby realizing the conversion of solar energy into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy; on the one hand, the particle heat exchanger is connected to the water channel through a heat conducting rod, which can well avoid the particles and the water channel. Direct contact can well avoid the wear of particles on the water channel.
  • the inner surface of the particle heat exchanger is made of wear-resistant ceramic material, which also reduces the wear of particles on the inner surface of the heat exchanger, which is a good solution
  • the water channel and the particle heat exchanger are connected by a number of heat conducting rods, and the heat is well transferred to the water channel.
  • the device of the invention well takes into account the problems of heat exchange and wear, the device is simple and practical, and has high popularization value. Therefore, the invention solves the wear problem well and ensures the heat exchange capacity of the particles, and has a simple structure and low cost.

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Abstract

一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器及储热发电系统，所述颗粒换热器包括换热单元，所述换热单元包括颗粒通道（11）和水通道（9），所述水通道（9）设置于颗粒通道（11）的一侧；沿着颗粒通道（11）的长度方向，颗粒通道（11）和水通道（9）之间设置有若干导热棒（8），导热棒（8）的一端与水通道（9）连接，导热棒（8）的另一端伸入颗粒通道（11）的侧壁中，颗粒通道（11）的内壁在每个导热棒（8）端部的位置开设有凹坑（12），导热棒（8）端部位于所述凹坑（12）的底部，颗粒通道（11）与凹坑（12）的表面均具有耐磨层。所述颗粒换热器能够有效减弱颗粒对换热器内壁的磨损，满足太阳能高效颗粒储热发电的要求。

Description

一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器及储热发电系统 技术领域
本发明属于新能源物理储热发电领域，涉及一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器及储热发电系统。
背景技术
能源是现代社会存在和发展的基石。随着全球经济社会的不断发展，能源消费也相应的持续增长。随着时间的推移，化石能源的稀缺性越来越明显。在化石能源供应日趋紧张的背景下，大规模的开发和利用可再生能源已成为未来各国能源战略中的重要组成部分。太阳能是人类取之不尽用之不竭的可再生能源，具有充分的清洁性、绝对的安全性、相对的广泛性、确实的长寿命和免维护性、资源的充足性及潜在的经济性等优点，在长期的能源战略中具有重要地位。
众所周知，太阳能是一种可持续利用的清洁能源，当前世界面临人口、资源、环境的挑战，在寻求人类社会可持续发展的进程中，太阳能利用日益为世界各国所重视，太阳能作为一种高效、无污染的可再生资源，目前已逐渐被各行各业所利用。这对缓解能源紧张状况，减少环境污染，同时提高人们的生活水平，具有非常重要的意义。地球以173×105瓦的功率接收来自太阳的辐射能，全球每年得到的太阳能相当于68万亿吨石油，其开发和利用有着极大的潜力。为应对全球气候变化，实现“3060”碳达峰和碳中和目标，电力必须大力发展新能源发电技术。而太阳能光热发电就是一种新能源发电新型技术，它是利用太阳能光热将介质加热，介质进入透平电动发电机发电。目前常用的介质为水、熔盐、CO 2、微细颗粒，水、熔盐、CO 2研究甚多，已经达到示范阶段；而颗粒作为介质的太阳能发电研究甚少，且颗粒储热温度高，储热密度比熔盐提高12％左右，整个流动过程中无需伴热，不会凝固，是一种优良的太阳能储热介质。而采用颗粒储热利用，涉及到颗粒换热器磨损问题，如何避免及减弱颗粒对内壁的磨损是至今面临的一大难题，也是颗粒储热发展面临的瓶颈。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器及储热发电系统，本发明能够有效避免减弱颗粒对换热器内壁的磨损，满足太阳能高效颗粒储热发电的要求。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，包括换热单元，所述换热单元包括颗粒通道和水通道，所述水通道设置于颗粒通道的一侧；沿着颗粒通道的长度方向，颗粒通道和水通道之间设置有若干导热棒，导热棒的一端与水通道连接，导热棒的另一端伸入颗粒通道的侧壁中，颗粒通道的内壁在每个导热棒端部的位置开设有凹坑，导热棒端部位于所述凹坑的底部，颗粒通道与凹坑的表面均具有耐磨层。
优选的，所述凹坑的表面为光滑面，凹坑的口部与颗粒通道的内壁之间光滑过渡，导热棒的端面作为凹坑的底面，凹坑的底部与导热棒的端面之间光滑过渡。
优选的，沿着颗粒通道的周向，均匀设有若干所述水通道。
优选的，所述耐磨层为耐磨陶瓷材质；颗粒通道采用不锈钢管道或陶瓷管道；导热棒采用不锈钢导热棒，水通道采用不锈钢管道。
优选的，若干导热棒沿颗粒通道的长度方向均匀分布。
优选的，本发明蜂窝状颗粒换热器还包括外壳以及若干个所述换热单元，外壳为保温外壳，外壳上设有颗粒入口、颗粒出口、进水口和出水口，所有换热单元设置于所述外壳内；所有颗粒通道的一端与颗粒入口连通，所有颗粒通道的另一端与颗粒出口连通；所有水通道的一端与进水口连通，所有水通道的另一端与出水口连通。
优选的，颗粒入口与出水口位于外壳的一侧，颗粒出口和进水口位于外壳的另一侧。
优选的，外壳内在换热单元之间的空隙中填充有导热材料。
优选的，导热棒的端部伸入水通道内，且该端部设有换热翅片，换热翅片与水通道的流体流动方向平行。
本发明还提供了一种储热发电系统，包括太阳能集热吸热装置、透平、发电 机、冷却器、循环泵、送风机和本发明如上所述的蜂窝状颗粒换热器，太阳能集热吸热装置的颗粒出口以及送风机的出口与颗粒通道的入口连接，颗粒通道的出口与太阳能集热吸热装置的颗粒入口连接；
送风机的出口与颗粒通道的入口连接，送风机用于驱动颗粒通道内的颗粒流动；
透平的蒸汽入口与水通道的出水口连接，透平的蒸汽出口与冷却器的进水口连接，透平与发电机连接，冷却器的出水口与循环泵入口连接，循环泵的出口与水通道的进水口连接。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明蜂窝状颗粒换热器中，通过在颗粒通道和水通道之间设置若干导热棒，利用导热棒能够将颗粒通道内颗粒的热能导热至水通道中的冷媒中，实现换热；导热棒一端的端部伸入颗粒通道的侧壁中，颗粒通道的内壁在每个导热棒端部的位置开设有凹坑，导热棒端部位于所述凹坑的底部，由于该凹坑结构的存在，能够使得颗粒在流动过程中进入凹坑，这样就降低了凹坑处颗粒的流速，贴近于导热棒端部的颗粒流速在理想的情况下能够达到零，因此能够有效降低颗粒对导热棒的磨损，使得整个结构完整，而颗粒通道内的颗粒可以通过热传递以及热辐射的方式对凹坑处的颗粒进行加热，而且凹坑处的颗粒由于还能有一定的流速，因此也能够不断实现更新，保证了热量能够尽可能多的传递给导热棒，保证换热效果。颗粒通道与凹坑的表面均具有耐磨层是为了防止颗粒对它们表面进行快速的磨损。综上可以看出，本发明能够有效避免减弱颗粒对换热器内壁的磨损，进而能够满足太阳能高效颗粒储热发电的要求。
进一步的，凹坑的表面为光滑面，凹坑的口部与颗粒通道的内壁之间光滑过渡，导热棒的端面作为凹坑的底面，凹坑的底部与导热棒的端面之间光滑过渡，这种结构设计是为了在降低颗粒流速以及流动阻力的情况下，使得凹坑处的颗粒也能缓慢循环，提升换热效率。
进一步的，颗粒入口与出水口位于外壳的一侧，颗粒出口和进水口位于外壳的另一侧，这样能够使得换热的冷媒从温度较冷的一端进入，在流动过程中逐渐接近温度较高的区域，降低对材料的激冷，提高整个换气的使用寿命。
进一步的，外壳内在换热单元之间的空隙中填充有导热材料，利用导热材料能最大限度的将颗粒中所携带的热量交换出来，提高整个换热器的效能。
进一步的，导热棒的端部伸入水通道内，且该端部设有换热翅片，利用翅片能够增大水通道内流体与导热棒的换热面积，提高换热效率；换热翅片与水通道的流体流动方向平行，能够降低翅片对水通道内流体流动的阻力。
附图说明
图1为本发明储热发电系统的结构示意图。
图2为本发明一实施例的颗粒换热器的结构示意图；
图3为本发明另一实施例的颗粒换热器的结构示意图；
图4为图3所示颗粒换热器的俯视图。
其中，1为颗粒换热器、2为太阳能集热吸热装置、3为透平、4为发电机、5为冷却器、6为循环泵、7为送风机、8为导热棒、9为水通道、10为导热孔、11为颗粒通道、12为凹坑、13为外壳。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例来对本发明做进步的说明。
参照图3和图4，本本发明蜂窝状颗粒换热器，包括换热单元，所述换热单元包括颗粒通道11和水通道9，所述水通道9设置于颗粒通道11的一侧；沿着颗粒通道11的长度方向，颗粒通道11和水通道9之间设置有若干导热棒8，导 热棒8的一端与水通道9连接，导热棒8的另一端伸入颗粒通道11的侧壁中，颗粒通道11的内壁在每个导热棒8端部的位置开设有凹坑12，导热棒8端部位于所述凹坑12的底部，颗粒通道11与凹坑12的表面均具有耐磨层。
作为发明优选的实施方案，参照图3，所述凹坑12的表面为光滑面，凹坑12的口部与颗粒通道11的内壁之间光滑过渡，导热棒8的端面作为凹坑12的底面，凹坑12的底部与导热棒8的端面之间光滑过渡，这种形状有利于颗粒在凹坑处以近似层流的方式进行移动，避免产生涡旋对导热棒8造成过快磨损。
作为发明优选的实施方案，凹坑12的形状整体为口部大、底部小的形状，这样方便凹坑12内的颗粒缓慢流动，进行更新。优选的形状为喇叭状，如果是矩形或正方形时也可以。
作为发明优选的实施方案，参照图2-图4，沿着颗粒通道11的周向，均匀设有若干所述水通道9。
作为发明优选的实施方案，所述耐磨层为耐磨陶瓷材质；颗粒通道11采用不锈钢管道或陶瓷管道；导热棒8采用不锈钢导热棒，水通道9采用不锈钢管道。
作为发明优选的实施方案，参照图3，若干导热棒8沿颗粒通道11的长度方向均匀分布。
作为发明优选的实施方案，参照图2，本发明蜂窝状颗粒换热器还包括外壳13以及若干个所述换热单元，外壳13为保温外壳，外壳13上设有颗粒入口、颗粒出口、进水口和出水口，所有换热单元设置于所述外壳内；所有颗粒通道11的一端与颗粒入口连通，所有颗粒通道11的另一端与颗粒出口连通；所有水通道9的一端与进水口连通，所有水通道9的另一端与出水口连通。
为发明优选的实施方案，参照图2，若干个所述换热单元可以为矩阵状或管 束状排列。
作为发明优选的实施方案，参照图1，颗粒入口与出水口位于外壳13的一侧，颗粒出口和进水口位于外壳13的另一侧。
作为发明优选的实施方案，参照图2，外壳13内在换热单元之间的空隙中填充有导热材料。
作为发明优选的实施方案，导热棒8的端部伸入水通道9内，且该端部设有换热翅片，换热翅片与水通道9的流体流动方向平行。
参照图1，本发明还提供了一种储热发电系统，包括太阳能集热吸热装置2、透平3、发电机4、冷却器5、循环泵6、送风机7和本发明如上所述的蜂窝状颗粒换热器，太阳能集热吸热装置2的颗粒出口以及送风机7的出口与颗粒通道11的入口连接，颗粒通道11的出口与太阳能集热吸热装置2的颗粒入口连接；
送风机7的出口与颗粒通道11的入口连接，送风机7用于驱动颗粒通道11内的颗粒流动；
透平3的蒸汽入口与水通道9的出水口连接，透平3的蒸汽出口与冷却器5的进水口连接，透平3与发电机4连接，冷却器5的出水口与循环泵6入口连接，循环泵6的出口与水通道9的进水口连接。
实施例
如图1所示，本实施例储热发电系统，包括太阳能集热吸热装置2、透平3、发电机4、冷却器5、循环泵6、送风机7和本发明如上所述的蜂窝状颗粒换热器，太阳能集热吸热装置2的颗粒出口以及送风机7的出口与颗粒通道11的入口连接，颗粒通道11的出口与太阳能集热吸热装置2的颗粒入口连接；送风机7的出口与颗粒通道11的入口连接，送风机7用于驱动颗粒通道11内的颗粒流 动；透平3的蒸汽入口与水通道9的出水口连接，透平3的蒸汽出口与冷却器5的进水口连接，透平3与发电机4连接，冷却器5的出水口与循环泵6入口连接，循环泵6的出口与水通道9的进水口连接。其中，蜂窝状颗粒换热器采用如图2所示的结构，在外壳13内分布有若干个呈矩阵形式排列的如图3和图4所示的换热单元。该换热单元中，沿着颗粒通道11的周向，均匀设有若干所述水通道9；若干导热棒8沿颗粒通道11的长度方向均匀分布；颗粒入口与出水口位于外壳13的下侧，颗粒出口和进水口位于外壳13的上侧，凹坑12的形状采用光滑的喇叭口状；颗粒通道11采用不锈钢管道，其表面设有陶瓷耐磨层；导热棒8采用不锈钢导热棒，水通道9采用不锈钢管道。
本发明储热发电系统中，通过太阳能集热吸热装置能够利用太阳能将作为热介质的颗粒进行加热，通过送风机能够利用空气对颗粒进行输送，进而使得颗粒所携带的热量进行流动；通过透平能够利用颗粒换热器中的高温水气进行发电，从而实现了将太阳能转换为机械能进而转换为电能；颗粒换热器一方面与水通道通过导热棒连接，很好的避免颗粒与水通道的直接接触，很好的避免的颗粒对水通道的磨损问题，另一方面颗粒换热器内表面采用耐磨损的陶瓷材料，也减弱了颗粒对换热器内表面的磨损，很好的解决了颗粒储热换热中存在的磨损问题；为了保证换热能力，水通道与颗粒换热器之间通过若干导热棒连接，热量很好的传递到水通道中。该发明装置很好的兼顾了换热和磨损问题，装置简单实用，推广价值高。因此，本发明很好的解决了磨损问题又保证了颗粒换热能力，且结构简单、成本低。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，包括换热单元，所述换热单元包括颗粒通道(11)和水通道(9)，所述水通道(9)设置于颗粒通道(11)的一侧；沿着颗粒通道(11)的长度方向，颗粒通道(11)和水通道(9)之间设置有若干导热棒(8)，导热棒(8)的一端与水通道(9)连接，导热棒(8)的另一端伸入颗粒通道(11)的侧壁中，颗粒通道(11)的内壁在每个导热棒(8)端部的位置开设有凹坑(12)，导热棒(8)端部位于所述凹坑(12)的底部，颗粒通道(11)与凹坑(12)的表面均具有耐磨层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，所述凹坑(12)的表面为光滑面，凹坑(12)的口部与颗粒通道(11)的内壁之间光滑过渡，导热棒(8)的端面作为凹坑(12)的底面，凹坑(12)的底部与导热棒(8)的端面之间光滑过渡。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，沿着颗粒通道(11)的周向，均匀设有若干所述水通道(9)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，所述耐磨层为耐磨陶瓷材质；颗粒通道(11)采用不锈钢管道或陶瓷管道；导热棒(8)采用不锈钢导热棒，水通道(9)采用不锈钢管道。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，若干导热棒(8)沿颗粒通道(11)的长度方向均匀分布。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，还包括外壳(13)以及若干个所述换热单元，外壳(13)为保温外壳，外壳(13)上设有颗粒入口、颗粒出口、进水口和出水口，所有换热单元设置于所述外壳内；所有颗 粒通道(11)的一端与颗粒入口连通，所有颗粒通道(11)的另一端与颗粒出口连通；所有水通道(9)的一端与进水口连通，所有水通道(9)的另一端与出水口连通。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，颗粒入口与出水口位于外壳(13)的一侧，颗粒出口和进水口位于外壳(13)的另一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，外壳(13)内在换热单元之间的空隙中填充有导热材料。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种蜂窝状颗粒换热器，其特征在于，导热棒(8)的端部伸入水通道(9)内，且该端部设有换热翅片，换热翅片与水通道(9)的流体流动方向平行。
  10. 一种储热发电系统，其特征在于，包括太阳能集热吸热装置(2)、透平(3)、发电机(4)、冷却器(5)、循环泵(6)、送风机(7)和权利要求1-9任意一项所述的蜂窝状颗粒换热器；
    太阳能集热吸热装置(2)的颗粒出口以及送风机(7)的出口与颗粒通道(11)的入口连接，颗粒通道(11)的出口与太阳能集热吸热装置(2)的颗粒入口连接；
    透平(3)的蒸汽入口与水通道(9)的出水口连接，透平(3)的蒸汽出口与冷却器(5)的进水口连接，透平(3)与发电机(4)连接，冷却器(5)的出水口与循环泵(6)入口连接，循环泵(6)的出口与水通道(9)的进水口连接。
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