WO2023280114A1 - 基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法和装置 - Google Patents

基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023280114A1
WO2023280114A1 PCT/CN2022/103701 CN2022103701W WO2023280114A1 WO 2023280114 A1 WO2023280114 A1 WO 2023280114A1 CN 2022103701 W CN2022103701 W CN 2022103701W WO 2023280114 A1 WO2023280114 A1 WO 2023280114A1
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Prior art keywords
terminal
network element
test frame
state
type terminals
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PCT/CN2022/103701
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周凯
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华为技术有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/22—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/42—Loop networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the communication field, and more specifically, to a method and device for networking based on a media redundancy protocol.
  • networking can be based on the media redundancy protocol to form a ring topology network structure.
  • the use of ring topology network structure to transmit service data can overcome the service loss caused by the failure of a single node or a single connection in the network.
  • industrial terminals can be connected to the wireless communication network through customer premise equipment (CPE) to realize wireless transformation.
  • CPE customer premise equipment
  • it is still necessary to support networking based on the media redundancy protocol.
  • media redundancy protocol there is currently no better solution to achieve this goal. Therefore, under the condition that industrial terminals are connected to the wireless communication network, how to establish a network based on the media redundancy protocol to achieve high reliability transmission of business data is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the present application provides a method and device for networking based on a media redundancy protocol.
  • a method for networking based on a media redundancy protocol is provided.
  • the method is applied to a first system, and the first system includes a first network element, N first-type terminals, and 2N second-type terminals
  • the first network element acts as a media redundancy manager
  • N first-type terminals and 2N second-type terminals act as media redundancy clients, where N is a positive integer.
  • the method includes:
  • the first network element determines the association between the first terminal and the second terminal, and the first terminal and the second terminal are terminals in the 2N terminals of the second type.
  • the first terminal and the second terminal are connected to the third terminal, and the third terminal is a terminal in the N terminals of the first type.
  • the first network element sends the first test frame.
  • the first network element receives the first test frame from the first terminal, the first network element sends the first test frame to the second terminal.
  • the first network element receives the first test frame from the second terminal, the first network element sends the first test frame to the first terminal.
  • the first network element determines the sending route of the first test frame. That is, when receiving the first test frame from the first terminal, the first network element sends the first test frame to the second terminal. When receiving the first test frame from the second terminal, the first network element sends the first test frame to the first terminal.
  • both the first terminal and the second terminal are connected to the third terminal.
  • a ring topology can be formed based on the media redundancy protocol, the ring topology includes a first network element, a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, wherein the first network element acts as a media redundancy manager role, the first terminal, the second terminal, and the third terminal act as media redundancy clients.
  • the first system further includes a second network element.
  • the method also includes:
  • the first network element acquires first information and second information from the second network element, the first information indicates the one-to-one correspondence between N first-type terminals and N parameters, and the second information indicates N first-type terminals The connection relationship with the N second-type terminals, where the N second-type terminals are terminals in the 2N second-type terminals.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first network element determines parameters corresponding to the third terminal according to the first information.
  • the first network element sends the second test frame in a broadcast or multicast manner, and the second test frame includes parameters corresponding to the third terminal.
  • the first network element determines the association between the first terminal and the second terminal, including:
  • the first network element When the first network element receives the second test frame from the first terminal and the second terminal, the first network element determines that the first terminal is associated with the second terminal.
  • the first network element can automatically detect that the first terminal is associated with the second terminal, and no manual configuration is required, thereby improving the flexibility of the system.
  • the method further includes: the first network element determines that the third terminal is connected to the first terminal according to the second information.
  • the first network element sends the third test frame to the first terminal.
  • the first network element determines the association between the first terminal and the second terminal, including:
  • the first network element determines that the first terminal is associated with the second terminal.
  • the first network element can automatically detect that the first terminal is associated with the second terminal, and no manual configuration is required, thereby improving the flexibility of the system.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first network element sends the fourth test frame in the form of multicast or broadcast.
  • the first network element receives the fourth test frame from the first terminal, where the fourth test frame includes the MAC address of the third terminal.
  • the first network element receives the fourth test frame from the second terminal, and at this time, the fourth test frame also includes the MAC address of the third terminal.
  • the first network element determines the association between the first terminal and the second terminal.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first network element sets the transmission state between the first terminal and the first terminal as the first state, sets the transmission state between the first network element and the second terminal as the second state, the first state is a state that allows the transmission of service data, and the second transmission state is A state where the transfer of business data is not allowed.
  • the first network element can be used as a state machine to manage the transmission state with 2N second-type terminals.
  • the first state is similar to the "forwarding" state in the current technology
  • the second state is similar to the "blocked” state in the current technology.
  • the first network element sets the transmission state with the first terminal to the first state, and sets the transmission state with the second terminal to the second state, include:
  • the first network element adds a first field in the context of the packet data unit PDU session corresponding to the first terminal, where the first field indicates a first state.
  • the first network element adds a second field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to the second terminal, and the second field indicates the second state.
  • the transmission status can be set by adding a field in the context of the PDU session.
  • a communication system in a second aspect, includes a first network element, N first-type terminals and 2N second-type terminals, the first network element acts as a media redundancy manager, and the N first-type terminals A first-type terminal and 2N second-type terminals act as media redundancy clients, where N is a positive integer.
  • the first network element is used for:
  • the first terminal and the second terminal are terminals in the 2N second-type terminals, wherein the first terminal and the second terminal are connected to the third terminal, and the third terminal is the Nth terminal A terminal within a class of terminals.
  • the first test frame is sent to the second terminal.
  • the first test frame is sent to the first terminal.
  • the communication system further includes a second network element.
  • the second network element is used for:
  • the first information indicates the one-to-one correspondence between N first-type terminals and N parameters
  • the second information indicates N first-type terminals and N first-type terminals
  • the N second-type terminals are terminals in the 2N second-type terminals.
  • the first network element is also used for:
  • the first network element is used to: determine the association between the first terminal and the second terminal, including:
  • the first network element is also used for:
  • the third terminal is connected to the first terminal.
  • the first network element is used to: determine the association between the first terminal and the second terminal, including:
  • the first network element is also used for:
  • the transmission state with the first terminal to the first state set the transmission state with the second terminal to the second state
  • the first state is the state where business data is allowed to be transmitted
  • the second transmission state is not allowed to transmit business The state of the data.
  • the first network element is further configured to: set the transmission state with the first terminal to the first state, and set the transmission state with the second terminal to be Second state, including:
  • a first field is added in the context of the packet data unit PDU session corresponding to the first terminal, where the first field indicates a first state.
  • a second field is added in the context of the PDU session corresponding to the second terminal, and the second field indicates the second state.
  • a communication device in a third aspect, includes a unit for performing the method in the first aspect or various implementations thereof.
  • a communication device including at least one processor.
  • the memory is used to store computer programs.
  • the processor executes the computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the method in the first aspect or its various implementations.
  • the memory may be located in the processor, or implemented by a chip independent of the processor, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • a computer-readable storage medium including a computer program.
  • the computer program When the computer program is run on a computer, the computer is made to execute the method in the first aspect or various implementations thereof.
  • a chip is provided, and a processing circuit is disposed on the chip, and the processing circuit is used to execute the method in the first aspect or various implementation manners thereof.
  • a computer program product includes: a computer program (also referred to as code, or an instruction), which, when the computer program is run, causes the computer to execute the program described in the first aspect or its various implementations. Methods.
  • Fig. 1 shows the architecture of a communication system to which the embodiment of the present application is applicable.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a schematic interaction diagram of the method proposed in this application.
  • FIG. 3 shows the ring topology formed by the present application based on the media redundancy protocol.
  • Fig. 4 shows another example of a schematic interaction diagram of the method proposed in this application.
  • FIG. 5 shows the system architecture when the value of N is 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an example of a communication device provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of another example of the communication device provided by the present application.
  • NB-IoT narrow band-internet of things
  • GSM global system of mobile communication
  • CDMA code division Multiple access
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • general packet radio service general packet radio service, GPRS
  • long term evolution long term evolution, LTE
  • LTE frequency division duplex FDD
  • LTE time division duplex TDD
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • WiMAX global interconnection microwave access
  • UE User equipment
  • the UE may also be called terminal equipment, access terminal, terminal equipment unit (subscriber unit), terminal equipment station, mobile station, mobile station (mobile station, MS), remote station, remote terminal, mobile equipment, user terminal, terminal ( terminal), wireless communication device, terminal agent, or terminal device.
  • the terminal device may include various handheld devices with wireless communication functions, vehicle-mounted devices, Internet of things (internet of things, IoT) devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem.
  • IoT Internet of things
  • cellular phone cellular phone
  • smart phone smart phone
  • wireless data card personal digital assistant (personal digital assistant, PDA) computer
  • tablet computer wireless modem (modem)
  • handheld device handset
  • laptop computer laptop computer
  • machine type communication machine type communication
  • MTC machine type communication terminal
  • station station, ST
  • wireless local area network wireless local area networks, WLAN
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • next-generation communication systems such as terminal equipment in 5G networks or future evolved Terminal equipment in the PLMN network, etc.
  • An access network device is a device that provides wireless communication functions for terminal devices.
  • it can be an access point (access point, AP) in WLAN, a base transceiver station (BTS) in GSM or CDMA, or a It is a base station (nodeB, NB) in WCDMA, or a gNB in a new wireless system (new radio, NR) system, or an evolved base station (evolutional node B, eNB or eNodeB) in LTE.
  • AP access point
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • NB base station
  • gNB new wireless system
  • new radio new radio, NR
  • evolutional node B evolutional node B, eNB or eNodeB
  • 5G network and may also be a radio access network device (radio access network, RAN).
  • radio access network radio access network
  • the user plane network element is used for packet routing and forwarding and quality of service (quality of service, QoS) processing of user plane data.
  • quality of service quality of service
  • the user plane network element may be a user plane function (user plane function, UPF) network element.
  • UPF user plane function
  • the user plane network element may still be a UPF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • a data network is used to provide a network for transmitting data.
  • the data network may be a data network (data network, DN).
  • the data network may still be a DN, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • the access management network element is mainly used for mobility management and access management, etc., and can be used to implement functions other than session management in the mobility management entity (mobility management entity, MME) functions, such as lawful interception and access functions such as authorization/authentication.
  • mobility management entity mobility management entity, MME
  • the access management network element may be an access and mobility management function (access and mobility management function, AMF) network element.
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • the access management network element may still be an AMF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • the session management network element is mainly used for session management, network interconnection protocol (internet protocol, IP) address allocation and management of terminal equipment, selection of manageable user plane functions, policy control and charging function interface endpoints, and downlink data notification.
  • network interconnection protocol internet protocol, IP
  • the session management network element may be a session management function (session management function, SMF) network element.
  • SMF session management function
  • the session management network element may still be an SMF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • the policy control network element is used to guide the unified policy framework of network behavior, and provide policy rule information, etc. for control plane functional network elements (such as AMF, SMF network elements, etc.).
  • the policy control network element may be a policy and charging rules function (policy and charging rules function, PCRF) network element.
  • policy control network element may be a policy control function (policy control function, PCF) network element.
  • policy control network element may still be a PCF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • the UDR network element is used to provide subscription data to the UDM network element or obtain subscription data from the UDM network element; and provide policy data to the PCF network element or obtain policy data from the PCF network element.
  • the data management network element is used to handle terminal device identification, access authentication, registration, and mobility management.
  • the data management network element may be a unified data management (unified data management, UDM) network element.
  • UDM unified data management
  • the unified data management may still be a UDM network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • the network opening function network element is mainly used to securely open the services and capabilities provided by the 3GPP network functions, which may be opened internally or to third parties.
  • the network exposure function network element may be a network exposure function network element (network exposure function, NEF).
  • NEF network exposure function
  • the network element with the network opening function may still be an NEF network element, or may have other names, which are not limited in this application.
  • the AF network element is used to realize the information exchange between the external server and the 3GPP network.
  • the above-mentioned network element or function may be a network element in a hardware device, or a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualization function instantiated on a platform (for example, a cloud platform).
  • N1 The interface between the AMF and the UE, which has nothing to do with access, and is used to transfer QoS control rules to the UE.
  • N2 the interface between the AMF and the RAN, used to transmit radio bearer control information from the core network side to the RAN.
  • N4 The interface between SMF and UPF, which is used to transfer information between the control plane and the user plane, including controlling the delivery of forwarding rules, QoS control rules, traffic statistics rules, etc. for the user plane, and reporting of information on the user plane .
  • N5 the interface between the AF and the PCF, used for issuing application service requests and reporting network events.
  • N7 the interface between PCF and SMF, used to deliver PDU session granularity and service data flow granularity control policy.
  • N8 The interface between AMF and UDM, which is used for AMF to obtain subscription data and authentication data related to access and mobility management from UDM, and for AMF to register UE current mobility management related information with UDM.
  • N10 the interface between the SMF and the UDM, used for the SMF to obtain session management-related subscription data from the UDM, and for the SMF to register the UE's current session-related information with the UDM.
  • N11 The interface between SMF and AMF, used to transfer PDU session tunnel information between RAN and UPF, transfer control messages sent to UE, transfer radio resource control information sent to RAN, etc.
  • N15 the interface between the PCF and the AMF, used to issue UE policies and access control-related policies.
  • N35 interface between UDM and UDR, used for UDM to obtain user subscription data information from UDR.
  • N36 the interface between the PCF and the UDR, used for the PCF to obtain policy-related subscription data and application data-related information from the UDR.
  • N52 The interface between UDM and NEF, which is used for NEF to open network capabilities to third-party application functions, such as third-party application functions subscribe to UDM through NEF to reachability events of all users in a specific group.
  • NEF also has direct interfaces with AMF and SMF, corresponding to N29 interface and N51 interface respectively (to simplify the illustration, not shown in the above figure), which is used to open the operator's network capabilities to third-party application function entities, the former can be used
  • the NEF directly subscribes to the corresponding network events and updates the user configuration information to the AMF, which can be used to update the application configuration data on the SMF/UPF, such as the PFD (Packet Flow Description) packet flow description information corresponding to the Application ID.
  • AMF Packet Flow Description
  • the general user registration process can be simply described as: UE sends a registration request to AMF through the access network (AN), and AMF obtains subscription data from a specific UDM according to the user ID. After receiving the request, the UDM can obtain the actual subscription data from the UDR. data.
  • the AMF can also initiate a user policy control establishment request message and an access management policy control establishment request message to the PCF, which are used to obtain UE policies and access control policies respectively. In this process, the PCF returns the access control policy to the AMF, and provides the UE policy to the UE via the AMF.
  • the general session establishment process can be simply described as: UE sends a session establishment request to AMF through RAN, AMF selects SMF to provide services for the session, saves the corresponding relationship between SMF and PDU session, and sends the session establishment request to SMF, SMF Select the corresponding UPF for the UE, establish a user plane transmission path, and assign an IP address to it.
  • the SMF will also initiate a policy control session establishment request to the PCF for establishing a policy control session between the SMF and the PCF.
  • the SMF will save the correspondence between the policy control session and the PDU session .
  • the AF can also establish an AF session with the PCF, and the PCF binds the AF session and the policy control session.
  • network architecture applied to the embodiment of the present application is only an example network architecture described from the perspective of the 5G networking architecture, and the network architecture applicable to the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the network architecture of the functions of the elements are applicable to the embodiment of the present application.
  • network functional entities such as AMF, SMF, PCF, and UDM are called network function (Network Function, NF) network elements; or, in other network architectures, AMF, SMF, PCF, and UDM
  • AMF, SMF, PCF, and UDM A collection of such network elements can be called a control plane function (Control Plane Function, CPF) network element.
  • CPF Control Plane Function
  • FIG. 2 shows a method for networking based on the media redundancy protocol provided by the present application, and the method will be described in detail below.
  • the first system includes a first network element, a second network element, N first-type terminals, and 2N second-type terminals, wherein the first-type terminals access the first network through the second-type terminals.
  • the first network element is a UPF network element
  • the second network element is an AF network element
  • the first type of terminal is an industrial terminal
  • the second type of terminal is a customer premise equipment (CPE) as an example.
  • CPE customer premise equipment
  • the CPE device registers in the first network, and establishes a packet data unit session (packet data unit session, PDU session) with the UPF.
  • a packet data unit session packet data unit session, PDU session
  • each of the 2N CPE devices is attached to the first network, and establishes a PDU session with the UPF respectively.
  • the first network may be a 5G network, which is not limited in this application.
  • the CPE device may establish a PDU session with the UPF through the access network device, the mobility management device, and the session management device.
  • the context information of the PDU session corresponding to each CPE device is saved in the UPF.
  • the context information of the PDU session corresponding to the CPE device stored in the UPF is called "virtual interface", that is, the UPF includes 2N virtual interfaces.
  • industrial terminal #i (an example of a third terminal) is connected to CPE #i1 (an example of a first terminal) and CPE #i2 (an example of a second terminal), and i traverses from 1 to N.
  • the industrial terminal #i includes at least two network ports, and the network port #i1 is set to an active state, and the network port #i2 is set to an inactive state. Among them, the network port #i1 is connected to the CPE#i1, and the network port #i2 is connected to the CPE#i2.
  • the industrial terminal #i can communicate with the CPE #i1 through the network port #i1, but the industrial terminal #i cannot yet communicate with the CPE #i2 through the network port #i2.
  • the UPF can act as a media redundancy manager (media redundancy manager, MRM).
  • MRM media redundancy manager
  • the MRP parameters can be respectively configured for the N industrial terminals through the configuration software.
  • the MRP parameters corresponding to a specified industrial terminal can be configured to a specified industrial terminal through configuration software, and other N-1 industrial terminals and N-1 industrial terminals can be configured to the specified industrial terminal.
  • the designated industrial terminal configures MRP parameters for the N-1 industrial terminals respectively.
  • the designated industrial terminal may be a programmable logic controller (programmable logic controller, PLC), and the remaining N-1 industrial terminals may be industrial input/output (IO) devices.
  • the N MRP parameters are different from each other.
  • the IFES may be configured as an application or service in an application function (application function, AF) network element, and access the network through the AF network element.
  • application function application function
  • the method may further include S207.
  • the IFES initiates a device search process to determine the connection relationship between the industrial terminal and the CPE device.
  • the IFES sends the first request message in the form of multicast or broadcast, and the first request message is used to discover industrial terminals.
  • the CPE After receiving the first request message, the CPE forwards the first request message to the industrial terminal.
  • the industrial terminal After receiving the first request message, the industrial terminal sends a first response message to the CPE device.
  • the CPE device then sends the first response message to the IFES.
  • the IFES determines the connection relationship between the industrial terminal and the CPE device according to the first response message.
  • the IFES may send the first request message through the UPF or the access network device.
  • CPE#i1 among the 2N CPE devices receives the first request message, and sends the first request message to the industrial terminal #i through the network port #i1.
  • the industrial terminal #i After receiving the first request message, the industrial terminal #i sends a first response message to the CPE #i1 through the network port #i1, and the first response message includes the identification of the industrial terminal #i.
  • CPE#i1 adds the identification information of CPE#i1 to the first response message, and sends the first response message to the IFES.
  • the IFES determines that the industrial terminal #i is connected to the CPE#i1 according to the first response message received from the CPE#i1.
  • CPE#i2 When CPE#i2 receives the first request message, since network port #i2 is in an inactive state, CPE#i2 cannot send the first request message to industrial terminal #i through network port #i2. That is, the industrial terminal #i cannot receive the first request message from the network port #i2. Therefore, the industrial terminal #i will not send the first response message to the CPE #i2 through the network port #i2.
  • IFES determines that industrial terminal #i is connected to CPE#i1, and i traverses from 1 to N.
  • the IFES sends the first information to the UPF.
  • the first information indicates a one-to-one correspondence between N industrial terminals and N MRP parameters.
  • the UPF receives the first information.
  • the IFES may also send second information to the UPF, where the second information indicates the connection relationship between the industrial terminal and the CPE device determined through the device search process.
  • the first information and the second information may be sent to the UPF through an operation administration maintenance (OAM) interface.
  • OAM operation administration maintenance
  • the AF network element can pass the network exposure function (network exposure function, NEF) network element, policy control function (policy control function, PCF) network element .
  • NEF network exposure function
  • policy control function policy control function
  • PCF policy control function
  • a session management function session management function, SMF network element sends the first information and the second information to the UPF.
  • the UPF determines the association relationship among the 2N CPEs.
  • both network ports of industrial terminal #i can be set to active state, and i traverses from 1 to N.
  • the UPF determines the association between CPE#i1 and CPE#i2 as an example for illustration, where both CPE#i1 and CPE#i2 are connected to industrial terminal #i.
  • the UPF sends the second test frame in the form of multicast or broadcast, which includes the MRP parameter corresponding to the industrial terminal #i (denoted as MRP parameter #i), and i traverses from 1 to N .
  • each industrial terminal device After each industrial terminal device receives the second test frame from a network port, it detects whether the MRP parameter #i in the second test frame is the same as the MRP parameter received by the industrial terminal in S205.
  • the industrial terminal equipment discards the second test frame, that is, the industrial terminal does not forward the second test frame from another network port.
  • the industrial terminal forwards the second test frame from another network port.
  • the UPF When the UPF receives the second test frame from CPE#i1 and CPE#i2, the UPF determines that CPE#i1 and CPE#i2 are associated.
  • the second test frame includes MRP parameter #1
  • the industrial terminal #1 will forward the second test frame to CPE#12 after receiving the second test frame from CPE#11, and After receiving the second test frame from CPE#12, industrial terminal #1 forwards the second test frame to CPE#11. Other industrial terminals will not forward the second test frame through another network port after receiving the second test frame from one network port.
  • the UPF thus determines the association between CPE#11 and CPE#12.
  • the UPF After traversing i from 1 to N, the UPF determines the association relationship of 2N CPEs. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the UPF determines the association between CPE#11 and CPE#12, the association between CPE#21 and CPE#22, and the association between CPE#N1 and CPE#N2.
  • the UPF determines that the industrial terminal #i is connected to the CPE#i1 according to the second information.
  • the UPF sends a third test frame to CPE#i1.
  • CPE#i1 receives the third test frame.
  • CPE#i1 sends a third test frame to industrial terminal #i.
  • the industrial terminal #i receives the third test frame.
  • Industrial terminal #i sends a third test frame to CPE#i2.
  • CPE#i2 receives the third test frame.
  • CPE#i2 sends a third test frame to the UPF.
  • the UPF determines that CPE#i1 and CPE#i2 are associated.
  • the UPF After traversing i from 1 to N, the UPF can determine the association relationship between 2N CPE devices. It should be understood that each pair of associated CPEs is connected to the same industrial terminal. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the UPF determines the association between CPE#11 and CPE#12, the association between CPE#21 and CPE#22, the association between CPE#N1 and CPE#N2, and so on.
  • the UPF when adopting the above-mentioned mode 1 or mode 2, the UPF can automatically detect the association relationship between the CPE devices, thereby improving the flexibility of the system. For example, when a CPE device in the system changes (for example, a CPE device is replaced after a failure), the UPF can use method 1 or method 2 to detect the association between CPE devices, and manual configuration is no longer required.
  • the third information is pre-configured in the UPF, and the third information indicates the association relationship between 2N CPEs. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the third information indicates that CPE#11 is associated with CPE#12, CPE#21 is associated with CPE#22, CPE#N1 is associated with CPE#N2, and so on.
  • UPF determines that CPE#i1 and CPE#i2 are associated, when UPF receives the first test frame from CPE#i1, it should send the first test frame to CPE#i2; when UPF receives the first test frame from CPE#i2 , the first test frame should be sent to CPE#i1, and i traverses from 1 to N. That is, the UPF determines the sending route of the first test frame.
  • the UPF sends the fourth test frame in the form of multicast or broadcast.
  • the industrial terminal #i After the industrial terminal #i receives the fourth test frame from the CPE#i1, add the media access control (media access control, MAC) address of the industrial terminal #i in the fourth test frame, and send the fourth test frame to the CPE#i2 frame. CPE#i2 further sends a fourth test frame to the UPF. After receiving the fourth test frame, the UPF saves the correspondence between the MAC address of the industrial terminal #i and the CPE #i2.
  • media access control media access control
  • the industrial terminal #i After the industrial terminal #i receives the fourth test frame from the CPE #i2, it adds the MAC address of the industrial terminal #i to the fourth test frame, and sends the fourth test frame to the CPE #i1. CPE#i1 further sends a fourth test frame to the UPF. After receiving the fourth test frame, the UPF saves the correspondence between the MAC address of the industrial terminal #i and the CPE #i1.
  • the UPF stores the correspondence between the MAC address of the industrial terminal #i and the CPE#i1 and CPE#i2. Thus, the UPF determines that CPE#i1 and CPE#i2 are associated.
  • the UPF sets the virtual interface corresponding to one CPE device in each pair of associated CPE devices to the first state, and sets the virtual interface corresponding to the other CPE device to the second state according to the association relationship between the 2N CPE devices state.
  • the UPF sets the transmission state with one CPE device in each pair of associated CPE devices as the first state, and sets the transmission state with the other CPE device as the second state.
  • the first state is a state in which service data is allowed to be transmitted
  • the second state is a state in which service data is not allowed to be transmitted. That is, in the second state, test frames can be transmitted between the UPF and the CPE, but service data cannot be transmitted.
  • the UPF sets the first state with a CPE device, which may be to add a first field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to the CPE device, where the first field indicates the first state.
  • the second state between the UPF and a CPE device may be to add a second field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to the CPE device, and the second field indicates the second state.
  • the UPF may set the first state with CPE#11 and the second state with CPE#12. In a possible implementation manner, the UPF may add the first field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to CPE#11, and add the second field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to CPE#12.
  • each ring topology includes a UPF, two interrelated CPE devices, and one industrial terminal connected to the two interrelated CPE devices.
  • UPF plays the role of MRM
  • both CPE equipment and industrial terminals play the role of media redundancy client (MRC).
  • MRC media redundancy client
  • the UPF adds the first field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to one CPE device, and adds the second field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to the other CPE device.
  • the virtual interface corresponding to one CPE device is set to the first state
  • the virtual interface corresponding to another CPE device is set to the second state. That is, in each ring topology, UPF can be used as a state machine to manage the status of virtual interfaces.
  • correct networking based on the medium redundancy protocol can be realized in the wireless communication network, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.
  • the number of nodes in each ring topology formed based on the media redundancy protocol is fixed, and there will be no increase in the number of nodes in a ring topology due to new industrial terminals. Since the network reconfiguration time is highly correlated with the number of nodes, the network reconfiguration time using the solution of the present application will not increase significantly as the number of industrial terminals increases.
  • the following describes how to improve the reliability of data transmission through the ring topology after forming N ring topologies with reference to FIG. 3 .
  • MRP ring topology #1 the MRP ring topology composed of UPF, CPE#11, CPE#12, and industrial terminal #1 is denoted as MRP ring topology #1; the MRP ring topology composed of UPF, CPE#21, CPE#22, and industrial terminal #2 is denoted as For MRP ring topology #2.
  • UPF can receive the test frame from virtual interface #11 from virtual interface #12; UPF can receive the test frame from virtual interface #11 from virtual interface #11 Test frame sent by interface #12. It should be understood that the UPF may periodically send the first test frame through the virtual interface.
  • the industrial terminal #1 sends the service data packet to the CPE#11 from the network port #11.
  • CPE#11 sends the service data packet to the UPF.
  • the UPF After receiving the service data packet from CPE#11, the UPF sends the service data packet to CPE#21.
  • CPE#21 sends the service data packet to industrial terminal #2.
  • the UPF cannot receive the test frame sent from the virtual interface #12 from the virtual interface #11, and the UPF cannot receive the test frame from the virtual interface #12. If the test frame is sent by the virtual interface #11, the UPF sets both the virtual interface #11 and the virtual interface #12 to the first state. That is, the UPF adds the first field in the context of the PDU session corresponding to CPE#11 and CPE#12, and at this time, both virtual interface #11 and virtual interface #12 can send service data packets.
  • the UPF sends topology change frames from virtual interface #11 and virtual interface #12, respectively.
  • the MRC device in the ring topology #1 receives the topology change frame, it starts a countdown according to the time interval parameter in the topology change frame. After the countdown is completed, it clears the filter database (FDB), and then the MRC device Perform address learning again.
  • FDB filter database
  • industrial terminal #1 receives a topology change frame from network port #11
  • industrial terminal #1 determines that the link from virtual interface #11 to CPE#11 to network port #11 is not faulty, and service data packets can pass through the network port #11 Sending out.
  • industrial terminal #1 receives a topology change frame from network port #12
  • industrial terminal #1 determines that the link from virtual interface #12 to CPE#12 to network port #12 is not faulty, and service data packets can pass through network port #12 Send out.
  • industrial terminal #1 receives a topology change frame from network port #12, at this time, industrial terminal #1 sends a service data packet to CPE#12 through network port #12.
  • CPE#12 sends the service data packet to the UPF.
  • the UPF After receiving the service data packet from CPE#12, the UPF sends the service data packet to CPE#21.
  • CPE#21 sends the service data packet to industrial terminal #2.
  • UPF can receive the test frame sent from virtual interface #12 from virtual interface #11, and can receive the test frame from virtual interface #12 from virtual interface #12. Test frame sent by #11. At this time, the UPF sets the virtual interface #12 from the first state to the second state.
  • UPF sends topology change frames from virtual interface #11 and virtual interface #12.
  • the MRC device in the ring topology #1 starts a countdown according to the time interval parameter in the topology change frame. After the countdown is completed, the FDB is cleared, and then the MRC device performs address learning again.
  • industrial terminal #1 determines to send a service data packet from network port #11. That is, at this time, the sending mode of the service data packet is restored to the initial state.
  • the CPE device registers in the first network, and establishes a PDU session with the UPF.
  • This process is similar to S203, except that the network port #i1 and the network port #i2 included in the industrial terminal #i are both set to the active state, and i traverses from 1 to N.
  • the UPF acquires fourth information, where the fourth information indicates association relationships among 2N CPE devices.
  • the UPF determines the sending route of the first test frame according to the fourth information.
  • the fourth information may be preconfigured in the UPF.
  • each pair of associated CPE devices indicated in the fourth information is connected to a different industrial terminal.
  • industrial terminal #1 is connected to CPE#11 and CPE#12; industrial terminal #2 is connected to CPE#21 and CPE#22; industrial terminal #3 is connected to CPE#31 and CPE #32 is connected; industrial terminal #4 is connected with CPE#41 and CPE#42.
  • the fourth information indicates that CPE#11 is associated with CPE#21, CPE#22 is associated with CPE#31, CPE#32 is associated with CPE#41, and CPE#42 is associated with CPE#12.
  • the UPF may determine the sending route of the first test frame. That is, after the UPF receives the first test frame from one of the two associated CPE devices, it should send it to the other CPE device. For example, after UPF determines that CPE#11 is associated with CPE#21, when UPF receives the first test frame from CPE#11, it should send it to CPE#21; when UPF receives the first test frame from CPE#21, it should Send to CPE#11.
  • one of the 4 industrial terminals can be set to play the role of MRM, and the remaining industrial terminals and 8 CPE devices can be set to play the role of MRC.
  • set industrial terminal #1 to play the role of MRM, and set other industrial terminals and 8 CPE devices to play the role of MRC.
  • the fourth information indicates that CPE#11 is associated with CPE#21, CPE#22 is associated with CPE#12, CPE#31 is associated with CPE#41, and CPE#42 is associated with CPE#32. That is, at this time, the first ring topology includes industrial terminal #1 and industrial terminal #2, and the second ring topology includes industrial terminal #3 and industrial terminal #4.
  • one of industrial terminal #1 and industrial terminal #2 can be set to play the role of MRM
  • one of industrial terminal #3 and industrial terminal #4 can be set to play the role of MRM
  • the remaining industrial terminals and 8 A CPE device can be set as MRC.
  • industrial terminal #1 and industrial terminal #3 are set to play the role of MRM.
  • the fourth information indicates that CPE#11 is associated with CPE#21, CPE#22 is associated with CPE#31, CPE#32 is associated with CPE#12, and CPE#41 is associated with CPE#42. That is, at this time, the first ring topology includes industrial terminal #1, industrial terminal #2, and industrial terminal #3, and the second ring topology includes industrial terminal #4.
  • one of industrial terminal #1, industrial terminal #2 and industrial terminal #3 can be set to act as MRM, industrial terminal #4 can be set to act as MRM, and the remaining industrial terminals and 8 CPE devices Can be set to MRC.
  • FIG. 6 is a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the communication device includes a transceiver unit 601 and a processing unit 602.
  • the transceiver unit 601 can be used to implement the receiving and sending functions in the method embodiments. Other functions in the method embodiments may be implemented by the processing unit 602 .
  • the transceiver unit can be realized through the input interface and output interface in the data processing chip, and the sending and receiving in the method embodiment correspond to the output and input in the chip respectively.
  • the transceiver unit 601 can also be divided into a receiving unit and a sending unit.
  • the receiving unit can be used to realize the receiving function in the method embodiment, and the sending unit can be used to realize the sending function in the method embodiment.
  • the receiving unit can be realized through the output interface of the data processing chip, and the sending unit can be realized through the input interface of the data processing chip.
  • the transceiver unit and the processing unit may be implemented by the same chip, which is not limited in this application. It should be understood that the transceiver unit 601 in the embodiment of the present application may also be implemented by a transceiver (including a transmitter and a receiver) or a transceiver-related circuit component, and the processing unit 602 may also be implemented by a processor or a processor-related circuit component (or, Called the processing circuit) implementation.
  • the transceiving unit 601 and the processing unit 602 can support actions performed by the UPF in the foregoing method example.
  • the transceiver unit 601 can complete the receiving of the first information and the second information in the above method embodiments, as well as other processes in the technical solutions described herein;
  • the processing unit 602 can complete the determination of the association relationship between CPE devices, and the Other processes in the described technical solutions.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device, as shown in FIG. 7 , including: a processor 701 , a communication interface 702 , and a memory 703 .
  • the processor 701, the communication interface 702, and the memory 703 can be connected to each other through a bus 707;
  • the bus 707 can be a peripheral component interconnect standard (peripheral component interconnect, PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (extended industry standard architecture, EISA) bus etc.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the above bus 707 can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on. For ease of representation, only one thick line is used in FIG. 7 , but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the processor 701 may be a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a network processor (network processor, NP) or a combination of CPU and NP.
  • the processor may further include hardware chips.
  • the aforementioned hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC), a programmable logic device (programmable logic device, PLD) or a combination thereof.
  • the aforementioned PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (complex programmable logic device, CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA), a general array logic (generic array logic, GAL) or any combination thereof.
  • Memory 703 may be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically programmable Erases programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory.
  • the processor 701 is used to implement data processing operations of the communication device.
  • the communication interface 702 is used to realize the transceiving operation of the communication device.
  • the processor 701, the communication interface 702, and the memory 703 can support actions performed by the UPF in the foregoing method examples.
  • the communication interface 702 can complete the receiving of the first information and the second information in the above method embodiments, and other processes in the technical solutions described herein;
  • the processor 701 can complete the determination of the association relationship between CPE devices, and the Other processes in the described technical solutions.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components can be combined or May be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions described above are realized in the form of software function units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), random access memory (random access memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disc and other media that can store program codes. .

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Abstract

本申请提供了，一种基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法，该方法包括：第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联，当第一网元从第一终端接收到第一测试帧时，第一网元向第二终端发送第一测试帧。当第一网元从第二终端接收到第一测试帧时，第一网元向第一终端发送第一测试帧。根据本申请的方案，在第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联的情况下，第一网元确定了第一测试帧的发送路由。此外，第一终端和第二终端均与第三终端连接。因此，采用本申请的方案，可以基于介质冗余协议组成环形拓扑，该环形拓扑包括第一网元、第一终端、第二终端、第三终端，其中第一网元充当介质冗余管理者的角色，第一终端、第二终端、第三终端充当介质冗余客户端的角色。

Description

基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法和装置
本申请要求于2021年7月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110775917.9、申请名称为“基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，并且更具体地，涉及基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法和装置。
背景技术
在传输业务数据时，出于对可靠性的要求，可以基于介质冗余协议进行组网，形成环形拓扑网络结构。采用环形拓扑网络结构传输业务数据能够克服由于网络中单个节点或单个连接发生故障而产生的业务损失。
为了实现柔性制造，可以将工业终端通过客户前置设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)接入到无线通信网络中，实现无线化改造。为了提高业务数据传输的可靠性，在将工业终端接入到无线通信网络中后，仍然需要支持基于介质冗余协议进行组网。然而，目前还没有一种较好的方案可以实现该目的。因此，在工业终端接入到无线通信网络的条件下，如何基于介质冗余协议进行组网，以实现业务数据的高可靠性传输，是一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法和装置。
第一方面，提供了一种基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法，该方法应用于第一系统中，第一系统中包括第一网元、N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端，第一网元充当介质冗余管理者的角色，N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端充当介质冗余客户端的角色，N为正整数。该方法包括：
第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联，第一终端和第二终端为2N个第二类终端中的终端。
其中，第一终端和第二终端与第三终端连接，第三终端为N个第一类终端中的终端。
第一网元发送第一测试帧。当第一网元从第一终端接收到第一测试帧时，第一网元向第二终端发送第一测试帧。当第一网元从第二终端接收到第一测试帧时，第一网元向第一终端发送第一测试帧。
根据本申请的方案，在第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联的情况下，第一网元确定了第一测试帧的发送路由。即，当从第一终端接收到第一测试帧时，第一网元向第二终端发送第一测试帧。当从第二终端接收到第一测试帧时，第一网元向第一终端发送第一测试帧。此外，第一终端和第二终端均与第三终端连接。因此，采用本申请的方案，可以基 于介质冗余协议组成环形拓扑，该环形拓扑包括第一网元、第一终端、第二终端、第三终端，其中第一网元充当介质冗余管理者的角色，第一终端、第二终端、第三终端充当介质冗余客户端的角色。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，第一系统还包括第二网元。该方法还包括：
第一网元从第二网元获取第一信息和第二信息，第一信息指示N个第一类终端与N个参数之间的一一对应关系，第二信息指示N个第一类终端与N个第二类终端的连接关系，N个第二类终端为2N个第二类终端中的终端。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：
第一网元根据第一信息，确定第三终端对应的参数。第一网元以广播或组播的方式发送第二测试帧，第二测试帧包括第三终端对应的参数。
第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
当第一网元从第一终端和第二终端接收到第二测试帧时，第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联。
根据本申请的方案，第一网元可以自动探测出第一终端与第二终端关联，不再需要人工配置，从而提高了系统的灵活性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一网元根据第二信息，确定第三终端与第一终端连接。第一网元向第一终端发送第三测试帧。
第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
当第一网元从第二终端接收到第三测试帧时，第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联。
根据本申请的方案，第一网元可以自动探测出第一终端与第二终端关联，不再需要人工配置，从而提高了系统的灵活性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：
第一网元以组播或广播的形式发送第四测试帧。
第一网元从第一终端接收第四测试帧，此时第四测试帧中包括第三终端的MAC地址。
第一网元从第二终端接收第四测试帧，此时第四测试帧中也包括第三终端的MAC地址。
由于第一网元从第一终端和第二终端接收的第四测试帧中均包括第三终端的MAC地址，进而，第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：
第一网元设置与第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，第一状态为允许传输业务数据的状态，第二传输状态为不允许传输业务数据的状态。
根据本申请的方案，第一网元可以作为状态机，管理与2N个第二类终端之间的传输状态。其中，第一状态与目前技术中的转发“forwarding”状态类似，第二状态与目前技术中的阻塞“blocked”状态类似。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，第一网元设置与第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，包括：
第一网元在第一终端对应的分组数据单元PDU会话的上下文中添加第一字段，第一字段指示第一状态。
第一网元在第二终端对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第二字段，第二字段指示第二状态。
根据本申请的方案，可以采用在PDU会话的上下文中添加字段的方式，设置传输状态。
第二方面，提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统包括第一网元、N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端，第一网元充当介质冗余管理者的角色，N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端充当介质冗余客户端的角色，N为正整数。
第一网元用于：
确定第一终端和第二终端关联，第一终端和第二终端为2N个第二类终端中的终端，其中，第一终端和第二终端与第三终端连接，第三终端为N个第一类终端中的终端。
发送第一测试帧。当从第一终端接收到第一测试帧时，向第二终端发送第一测试帧。当从第二终端接收到第一测试帧时，向第一终端发送第一测试帧。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该通信系统还包括第二网元。
第二网元用于：
向第一网元发送第一信息和第二信息，第一信息指示N个第一类终端与N个参数之间的一一对应关系，第二信息指示N个第一类终端与N个第二类终端的连接关系，N个第二类终端为2N个第二类终端中的终端。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第一网元还用于：
根据第一信息，确定第三终端对应的参数。
以广播或组播的方式发送第二测试帧，第二测试帧包括第三终端对应的参数。
第一网元用于：确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
当从第一终端和第二终端接收到第二测试帧时，确定第一终端和第二终端关联。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第一网元还用于：
根据第二信息，确定第三终端与第一终端连接。
向第一终端发送第三测试帧。
第一网元用于：确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
当从第二终端接收到第三测试帧时，确定第一终端和第二终端关联。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第一网元还用于：
设置与第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，第一状态为允许传输业务数据的状态，第二传输状态为不允许传输业务数据的状态。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第一网元还用于：设置与第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，包括：
在第一终端对应的分组数据单元PDU会话的上下文中添加第一字段，第一字段指示第一状态。
在第二终端对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第二字段，第二字段指示第二状态。
第三方面，提供一种通信设备，该通信设备包括用于执行该第一方面或其各种实现方式中的方法的单元。
第四方面，提供一种通信设备，包括至少一个处理器。该存储器用于存储计算机程序，当该通信装置运行时，处理器执行存储器存储的计算机程序或指令，使得该通信装置执行第一方面或其各种实现方式中的方法。该存储器可以位于处理器中，也可以为与处理器通过相互独立的芯片来实现，本申请在此不具体限定。
第五方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，包括计算机程序，当计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一方面或其各种实现方式中的方法。
第六方面，提供一种芯片，芯片上设置有处理电路，处理电路用于执行该第一方面或其各种实现方式中的方法。
第七方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行第一方面或其各种实现方式中的方法。
附图说明
图1示出了本申请实施例适用的通信系统的架构。
图2示出了本申请所提出的方法的一例示意性交互图。
图3示出了本申请基于介质冗余协议组成的环形拓扑。
图4示出了本申请所提出的方法的另一例示意性交互图。
图5示出了N的取值为4时的系统架构。
图6示出本申请提供的通信设备的一例示意性框图。
图7示出本申请提供的通信设备的另一例示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：窄带物联网系统(narrow band-internet of things，NB-IoT)、全球移动通讯(global system of mobile communication，GSM)系统、码分多址(code division multiple access，CDMA)系统、宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)系统、通用分组无线业务(general packet radio service，GPRS)、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunication system，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)通信系统、第五代(5th generation，5G)系统或新无线(new radio，NR)、卫星通信系统、未来的第六代(6th generation，6G)系统等。
本申请提出的技术方案，可以应用于如图1所示的系统架构中。下面对图1所示的系统架构中可能涉及的网元进行介绍。
1、用户设备(user equipment，UE)
UE也可以称为终端设备，接入终端、终端设备单元(subscriber unit)、终端设备站、 移动站、移动台(mobile station，MS)、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端(terminal)、无线通信设备、终端设备代理或终端设备装置。终端设备可以包括各种具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、物联网(internet of things，IoT)设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备。还可以包括用户单元、蜂窝电话(cellular phone)、智能手机(smart phone)、无线数据卡、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)电脑、平板型电脑、无线调制解调器(modem)、手持设备(handset)、膝上型电脑(laptop computer)、机器类型通信(machine type communication，MTC)终端、无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)中的站点(station，ST)。可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiation protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站以及下一代通信系统，例如，5G网络中的终端设备或者未来演进的PLMN网络中的终端设备等。
2、接入网设备
接入网设备是一种为终端设备提供无线通信功能的设备，例如，可以是WLAN中的接入点(access point，AP)，GSM或CDMA中的基站(base transceiver station，BTS)，也可以是WCDMA中的基站(nodeB，NB)，或者是新型无线系统(new radio，NR)系统中的gNB，还可以是LTE中的演进型基站(evolutional node B，eNB或eNodeB)，在5G网络中，还可以是无线接入网设备(radio access network，RAN)。
3、用户面网元
用户面网元用于分组路由和转发以及用户面数据的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)处理等。
在5G通信系统中，该用户面网元可以是用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)网元。在未来通信系统中，用户面网元仍可以是UPF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
4、数据网络
数据网络用于提供传输数据的网络。
在5G通信系统中，该数据网络可以是数据网络(data network，DN)。在未来通信系统中，数据网络仍可以是DN，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
5、接入管理网元
接入管理网元主要用于移动性管理和接入管理等，可以用于实现移动性管理实体(mobility management entity，MME)功能中除会话管理之外的其它功能，例如，合法监听以及接入授权/鉴权等功能。
在5G通信系统中，该接入管理网元可以是接入管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，接入管理网元仍可以是AMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
6、会话管理网元
会话管理网元主要用于会话管理、终端设备的网络互连协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配和管理、选择可管理用户平面功能、策略控制和收费功能接口的终结点以及下行数据通知等。
在5G通信系统中，该会话管理网元可以是会话管理功能(session management  function，SMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，会话管理网元仍可以是SMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
7、策略控制网元
策略控制网元用于指导网络行为的统一策略框架，为控制面功能网元(例如AMF，SMF网元等)提供策略规则信息等。
在4G通信系统中，该策略控制网元可以是策略和计费规则功能(policy and charging rules function，PCRF)网元。在5G通信系统中，该策略控制网元可以是策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元。在未来通信系统中，策略控制网元仍可以是PCF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
8、统一数据仓储功能(unified data repository，UDR)网元
UDR网元用于向UDM网元提供签约数据或者从UDM网元中获取签约数据；以及，向PCF网元提供策略数据，或者从PCF网元中获取策略数据等。
9、数据管理网元
数据管理网元用于处理终端设备标识，接入鉴权，注册以及移动性管理等。
在5G通信系统中，该数据管理网元可以是统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元。在未来通信系统中，统一数据管理仍可以是UDM网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
10、网络开放功能网元
网络开放功能网元主要用于安全的开放3GPP网络功能提供的业务和能力，有内部开放，或者开放给第三方等。
在5G通信系统中，该网络开放功能网元可以是网络开放功能网元(network exposure function，NEF)。在未来通信系统中，网络开放功能网元仍可以是NEF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
11、应用功能(application function，AF)网元
AF网元用于实现外部服务器与3GPP网络的信息交互。
可以理解的是，上述网元或者功能既可以是硬件设备中的网络元件，也可以是在专用硬件上运行软件功能，或者是平台(例如，云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能。
其中各接口功能描述如下：
1、N1：AMF与UE之间的接口，接入无关，用于向UE传递QoS控制规则等。
2、N2：AMF与RAN之间的接口，用于传递核心网侧至RAN的无线承载控制信息等。
3、N4：SMF与UPF之间的接口，用于控制面与用户面之间传递信息，包括控制面向用户面的转发规则、QoS控制规则、流量统计规则等的下发以及用户面的信息上报。
4、N5：AF与PCF之间的接口，用于应用业务请求下发以及网络事件上报。
5、N7：PCF与SMF之间的接口，用于下发PDU会话粒度以及业务数据流粒度控制策略。
6、N8：AMF与UDM间的接口，用于AMF向UDM获取接入与移动性管理相关签约数据与鉴权数据，以及AMF向UDM注册UE当前移动性管理相关信息等。
7、N10：SMF与UDM间的接口，用于SMF向UDM获取会话管理相关签约数据， 以及SMF向UDM注册UE当前会话相关信息等。
8、N11：SMF与AMF之间的接口，用于传递RAN和UPF之间的PDU会话隧道信息、传递发送给UE的控制消息、传递发送给RAN的无线资源控制信息等。
9、N15：PCF与AMF之间的接口，用于下发UE策略及接入控制相关策略。
10、N35：UDM与UDR间的接口，用于UDM从UDR中获取用户签约数据信息。
11、N36：PCF与UDR间的接口，用于PCF从UDR中获取策略相关签约数据以及应用数据相关信息。
12、N52：UDM和NEF间的接口，用于NEF向第三方应用功能开放网络能力，如第三方应用功能通过NEF向UDM订阅特定群组中所有用户的可达性事件。
此外，NEF还与AMF、SMF均有直接接口，分别对应N29接口和N51接口(为简化图示，上图中并未展示)，用于开放运营商网络能力至第三方应用功能实体，前者可用于NEF直接向AMF订阅相应网络事件、更新用户配置信息，后者可用于更新SMF/UPF上的应用配置数据，如Application ID所对应的PFD(Packet Flow Description)分组流描述信息。
通用的用户注册流程可简单描述为：UE通过接入网(access network，AN)发送注册请求至AMF，AMF根据用户标识向特定UDM获取签约数据，UDM收到该请求后可向UDR获取实际签约数据。此外，AMF还可向PCF发起用户策略控制建立请求消息及接入管理策略控制建立请求消息，分别用于获取UE策略及接入控制策略。PCF在该过程中返回接入控制策略至AMF，并经由AMF向UE提供UE策略。
通用的会话建立流程可简单描述为：UE通过RAN发送会话建立请求到AMF，AMF为该会话选择SMF为其提供服务，保存SMF与PDU会话的对应关系，并将会话建立请求发送至SMF，SMF为UE选择相应UPF并建立用户面传输路径，并为其分配IP地址。在此过程中，SMF还将向PCF发起策略控制会话建立请求，用于在SMF和PCF间建立策略控制会话，在策略控制会话建立过程中，SMF将保存策略控制会话与PDU会话间的对应关系。此外，AF还可与PCF间建立AF会话，由PCF对AF会话与策略控制会话进行绑定。
应理解，上述应用于本申请实施例的网络架构仅是举例说明的从5G组网架构的角度描述的网络架构，适用本申请实施例的网络架构并不局限于此，任何能够实现上述各个网元的功能的网络架构都适用于本申请实施例。
例如，在某些网络架构中，AMF、SMF、PCF以及UDM等网络功能实体都称为网络功能(Network Function，NF)网元；或者，在另一些网络架构中，AMF、SMF、PCF及UDM等网元的集合都可以称为控制面功能(Control Plane Function，CPF)网元。
图2示出了本申请提供的一种基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法，下面对该方法进行详细介绍。
假设第一系统中包括第一网元、第二网元、N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端，其中第一类终端通过第二类终端接入到第一网络中。在下文中以第一网元为UPF网元、第二网元为AF网元，第一类终端为工业终端、第二类终端为客户前置设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)为例进行描述。
S201，CPE设备注册到第一网络中，并与UPF建立分组数据单元会话(packet data unit  session，PDU session)。
应理解，2N个CPE设备中的每个CPE设备均附着到第一网络中，并分别与UPF建立PDU会话。例如，该第一网络可以为5G网络，本申请对此不作限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，CPE设备可以通过接入网设备、移动性管理设备、会话管理设备与UPF建立PDU会话。
UPF中保存了每个CPE设备对应的PDU会话的上下文信息。下面将UPF中保存的CPE设备对应的PDU会话的上下文信息称为“虚拟接口”，即，UPF中包括2N个虚拟接口。
S202，连接工业终端与CPE设备。
即，将N个工业终端与2N个CPE设备连接。如图3所示，工业终端#i(第三终端的一例)与CPE#i1(第一终端的一例)和CPE#i2(第二终端的一例)连接，i从1遍历到N。
此外，工业终端#i包括至少两个网口，将网口#i1设置为激活状态，将网口#i2设置为未激活状态。其中，网口#i1与CPE#i1连接，网口#i2与CPE#i2连接。
应理解，当一个网口处于激活状态时，工业终端通过该网口可以与所连接的CPE设备通信。当一个网口处于未激活状态时，工业终端通过该网口不可以与所连接的CPE设备通信。
即，此时，工业终端#i可以通过网口#i1与CPE#i1通信，但是工业终端#i还不可以通过网口#i2与CPE#i2通信。
S203，在组态软件上安装通用站点描述(generic station description，GSD)文件，利用该GSD文件将UPF虚拟成工业交换机。
即，此时UPF可以充当介质冗余管理者(media redundancy manager，MRM)的角色。
S204，在组态软件中，进行组态配置，将UPF和N个工业终端添加到同一个自动化系统的项目中。
S205，通过组态软件，向工业终端配置MRP参数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过组态软件，向N个工业终端分别配置MRP参数。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过组态软件，向某一指定工业终端配置该指定工业终端对应的MRP参数，并且向该指定工业终端配置其他N-1个工业终端与N-1个MRP参数的一一对应关系，由该指定工业终端分别向该N-1个工业终端配置MRP参数。例如，该指定工业终端可以为可编程逻辑控制器(programmable logic controller，PLC)，其余N-1个工业终端可以为工业输入输出(input/output，IO)设备。
在一种可能的实现方式中，N个MRP参数是互不相同的。
S206，通过组态软件，向工业现场使能服务(industry field enable service，IFES)配置N个工业终端与N个MRP参数的一一对应关系。
应理解，在一种可能的实现方式中，IFES可以作为一种应用或服务配置在应用功能(application function，AF)网元中，并通过AF网元访问网络。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该方法还可以包括S207，IFES发起设备搜索流程，确定工业终端与CPE设备的连接关系。
下面介绍IFES通过设备搜索流程，确定工业终端与CPE设备的连接关系的一种可能的方式：
IFES以组播或广播的形式发送第一请求消息，该第一请求消息用于发现工业终端。
CPE设备接收到该第一请求消息后，向工业终端转发该第一请求消息。
工业终端接收该第一请求消息后，向CPE设备发送第一响应消息。
CPE设备再向IFES发送第一响应消息。
IFES根据第一响应消息确定工业终端与CPE设备的连接关系。
例如，IFES可以通过UPF、接入网设备发送该第一请求消息。如图3所示，2N个CPE设备中的CPE#i1接收到第一请求消息，并通过网口#i1向工业终端#i发送第一请求消息。工业终端#i接收到第一请求消息后，通过网口#i1向CPE#i1发送第一响应消息，该第一响应消息中包括工业终端#i的标识。CPE#i1接收到第一响应消息后，在第一响应消息中添加CPE#i1的标识信息，向IFES发送第一响应消息。IFES根据从CPE#i1接收到第一响应消息，确定工业终端#i与CPE#i1连接。
当CPE#i2接收到第一请求消息时，由于网口#i2处于未激活状态，CPE#i2不可以通过网口#i2向工业终端#i发送第一请求消息。即，工业终端#i从网口#i2接收不到第一请求消息。因此，工业终端#i不会通过网口#i2向CPE#i2发送第一响应消息。
因此，通过设备搜索流程，IFES确定工业终端#i与CPE#i1连接，i从1遍历到N。
由以上描述可知，在S207中IFES通过设备搜索流程并不能将工业终端与CPE设备之间的全部连接关系确定出来。此时，IFES确定的只是工业终端与CPE设备之间的部分连接关系。
S208，IFES向UPF发送第一信息。该第一信息指示N个工业终端与N个MRP参数之间的一一对应关系。相应地，UPF接收第一信息。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当该方法包括S207时，IFES还可以向UPF发送第二信息，该第二信息指示通过设备搜索流程确定的工业终端与CPE设备之间的连接关系。
在一种可能的实现方式中，可以通过操作维护管理(operation administration maintenance，OAM)接口向UPF发送第一信息和第二信息。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，当IFES配置到AF网元中时，AF网元可以通过网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)网元、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元向UPF发送第一信息和第二信息。
S209，UPF确定2N个CPE之间的关联关系。
此时，可以将工业终端#i的两个网口均设置为激活状态，i从1遍历到N。
下文中以UPF确定CPE#i1和CPE#i2关联为例进行说明，其中CPE#i1和CPE#i2均与工业终端#i连接。
下面介绍UPF确定CPE#i1和CPE#i2关联的方式。
方式1：
如图3所示，UPF以组播或广播的形式发送第二测试帧，该第二测试帧中包括工业终端#i对应的MRP参数(记为MRP参数#i)，i从1遍历到N。
每个工业终端设备在从一个网口接收到第二测试帧后检测第二测试帧中的MRP参数#i与该工业终端在S205中接收的MRP参数是否相同。
当判定的结果为否时，工业终端设备将第二测试帧丢弃，即，该工业终端不从另一个 网口转发该第二测试帧。当判定的结果为是时，该工业终端从另一个网口转发该第二测试帧。
由于在每个工业终端配置的MRP参数均不相同，即，N个工业终端中只有工业终端#i中配置的MRP参数与第二测试帧中的MRP参数相同。因此，工业终端#i在从CPE#i1接收到第二测试帧后会向CPE#i2转发第二测试帧，并且工业终端#i在从CPE#i2接收到第二测试帧后会向CPE#i1转发第二测试帧。即，UPF会从CPE#i1和CPE#i2接收到第二测试帧。
当UPF从CPE#i1和CPE#i2接收到第二测试帧时，UPF确定CPE#i1和CPE#i2关联。
例如，当i的取值为1时，第二测试帧中包括MRP参数#1，工业终端#1在从CPE#11接收到第二测试帧后会向CPE#12转发第二测试帧，并且工业终端#1在从CPE#12接收到第二测试帧后会向CPE#11转发第二测试帧。其他的工业终端在从一个网口接收到第二测试帧后，不会通过另一个网口转发第二测试帧。UPF由此确定CPE#11和CPE#12关联。
在将i从1遍历到N后，UPF确定2N个CPE的关联关系。例如，如图3所示，UPF确定CPE#11和CPE#12关联、CPE#21和CPE#22关联、CPE#N1和CPE#N2关联。
方式2：
UPF根据第二信息确定工业终端#i与CPE#i1连接。
UPF向CPE#i1发送第三测试帧。相应地，CPE#i1接收到第三测试帧。
CPE#i1向工业终端#i发送第三测试帧。相应地，工业终端#i接收到第三测试帧。
工业终端#i向CPE#i2发送第三测试帧。相应地，CPE#i2接收到第三测试帧。
CPE#i2向UPF发送第三测试帧。
当UPF从CPE#i2接收到第三测试帧时，UPF确定CPE#i1和CPE#i2关联。
在将i从1遍历到N后，UPF可以确定2N个CPE设备之间的关联关系。应理解，每对相互关联的CPE连接的为同一个工业终端。例如，如图3所示，UPF确定CPE#11和CPE#12关联、CPE#21和CPE#22关联、CPE#N1和CPE#N2关联等。
根据本申请的方案，当采用上述方式1或方式2时，UPF可以自动探测CPE设备之间的关联关系，从而提高了系统的灵活性。例如，当系统中的CPE设备发生变化(例如，某个CPE设备发生故障后被替换)时，UPF可以采用方式1或方式2探测出CPE设备之间的关联关系，不再需要人工配置。
方式3：
在UPF中预配置第三信息，该第三信息指示2N个CPE之间的关联关系。例如，如图3所示，第三信息指示CPE#11和CPE#12关联，CPE#21和CPE#22关联，CPE#N1和CPE#N2关联等。
在UPF确定CPE#i1和CPE#i2关联后，当UPF从CPE#i1接收到第一测试帧时，应向CPE#i2发送第一测试帧；当UPF从CPE#i2接收到第一测试帧时，应向CPE#i1发送第一测试帧，i从1遍历到N。即，UPF确定了第一测试帧的发送路由。
方式4：
UPF以组播或广播的形式发送第四测试帧。
当工业终端#i从CPE#i1接收到第四测试帧后，在第四测试帧中添加工业终端#i的媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)地址，向CPE#i2发送第四测试帧。CPE#i2进 一步向UPF发送第四测试帧。UPF接收到第四测试帧后，保存工业终端#i的MAC地址与CPE#i2之间的对应关系。
当工业终端#i从CPE#i2接收到第四测试帧后，在第四测试帧中添加工业终端#i的MAC地址，向CPE#i1发送第四测试帧。CPE#i1进一步向UPF发送第四测试帧。UPF接收到第四测试帧后，保存工业终端#i的MAC地址与CPE#i1之间的对应关系。
UPF保存了工业终端#i的MAC地址与CPE#i1和CPE#i2的对应关系。从而，UPF确定CPE#i1和CPE#i2关联。
S210，UPF根据2N个CPE设备之间的关联关系，将每对相互关联的CPE设备中的一个CPE设备对应的虚拟接口设置为第一状态，将另一个CPE设备对应的虚拟接口设置为第二状态。
换言之，UPF设置与每对相互关联的CPE设备中的一个CPE设备之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与另一个CPE设备之间的传输状态为第二状态。
其中，第一状态为允许传输业务数据的状态，第二状态为不允许传输业务数据的状态。即，在第二状态下，UPF与CPE设备之间可以传输测试帧，但不可以传输业务数据。
在一种可能的方式中，UPF设置与一个CPE设备之间为第一状态，可以是在该CPE设备对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第一字段，该第一字段指示第一状态。UPF设置与一个CPE设备之间为第二状态，可以是在该CPE设备对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第二字段，该第二字段指示第二状态。
例如，在S209中UPF确定CPE#11和CPE#12关联，则UPF可以设置与CPE#11之间为第一状态，设置与CPE#12之间为第二状态。在一种可能的实现方式中，UPF可以在CPE#11对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第一字段，在CPE#12对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第二字段。
通过上述S201-S210，可以组成N个环形拓扑，每个环形拓扑包括UPF、2个相互关联的CPE设备、该2个相互关联的CPE设备所连接的1个工业终端。其中，UPF充当MRM的角色，CPE设备和工业终端均充当介质冗余客户端(media redundancy client，MRC)的角色。并且，在每个环形拓扑中，UPF在一个CPE设备对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加了第一字段，在另一个CPE设备对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加了第二字段。换句话说，在每个MRP环形拓扑中，一个CPE设备对应的虚拟接口被设置为第一状态，另一个CPE设备对应的虚拟接口被设置为第二状态。即，在每个环形拓扑中，UPF可以作为状态机，管理虚拟接口的状态。
根据本申请的方案，实现了在无线通信网络中基于介质冗余协议可以正确组网，进而提高了数据传输的可靠性。进一步地，根据本申请的方案，基于介质冗余协议形成的每个环形拓扑中节点的个数是固定的，不会出现由于新增工业终端，导致一个环形拓扑中节点个数增加的情况。由于网络重构时间与节点个数高度相关，因此，采用本申请的方案网络重构时间不会随着工业终端个数的增加而大幅增加。
下面结合图3介绍在组成N个环形拓扑之后，通过环形拓扑如何提高数据传输的可靠性。
假设UPF将虚拟接口#11和虚拟接口#21设置为第一状态，将虚拟接口#12和虚拟接口#22设置为第二状态。当前有业务数据包要从工业终端#1发送到工业终端#2。
下面将UPF、CPE#11、CPE#12、工业终端#1组成的MRP环形拓扑记为MRP环形拓扑#1；将UPF、CPE#21、CPE#22、工业终端#2组成的MRP环形拓扑记为MRP环形拓扑#2。
当MRP环形拓扑#1和MRP环形拓扑#2的链路未发生故障时，UPF可以从虚拟接口#12接收到从虚拟接口#11发出的测试帧；UPF可以从虚拟接口#11接收到从虚拟接口#12发出的测试帧。应理解，UPF可以周期性地通过虚拟接口发送第一测试帧。此时，工业终端#1将业务数据包从网口#11发送给CPE#11。CPE#11将业务数据包发送给UPF。UPF从CPE#11接收到业务数据包后，向CPE#21发送该业务数据包。CPE#21将该业务数据包发送给工业终端#2。
若某一时刻，环形拓扑#1中的某条链路发生故障，导致UPF从虚拟接口#11无法收到从虚拟接口#12发出的测试帧，并且，UPF从虚拟接口#12无法收到从虚拟接口#11发出的测试帧，则UPF将虚拟接口#11和虚拟接口#12都设置为第一状态。即，UPF在CPE#11和CPE#12对应的PDU会话的上下文中均添加第一字段，此时虚拟接口#11和虚拟接口#12均可以发送业务数据包。
然后，UPF分别从虚拟接口#11和虚拟接口#12发送拓扑改变帧。环形拓扑#1中的MRC设备在接收到拓扑改变帧后，根据拓扑改变帧中的时间间隔参数启动倒计时，在倒计时完成后，进行清空过滤数据库(filter data base，FDB)的操作，然后MRC设备重新进行地址学习。
例如，如果工业终端#1从网口#11接收到拓扑改变帧，则工业终端#1确定虚拟接口#11到CPE#11到网口#11的链路没有故障，业务数据包可以通过网口#11向外发送。如果工业终端#1从网口#12接收到拓扑改变帧，则工业终端#1确定虚拟接口#12到CPE#12到网口#12的链路没有故障，业务数据包可以通过网口#12向外发送。
假设工业终端#1从网口#12接收到拓扑改变帧，此时，工业终端#1通过网口#12向CPE#12发送业务数据包。CPE#12将业务数据包发送给UPF。UPF从CPE#12接收到业务数据包后，向CPE#21发送该业务数据包。CPE#21将该业务数据包发送给工业终端#2。
因此，通过设置环形拓扑，可以使得当环形拓扑中一条链路发生故障时，业务数据包仍然可以正常发送，提高了业务数据包发送的可靠性。
若某一时刻，环形拓扑#1中的链路故障被修复，即UPF从虚拟接口#11可以收到从虚拟接口#12发出的测试帧，并且，从虚拟接口#12可以收到从虚拟接口#11发出的测试帧。此时，UPF将虚拟接口#12从第一状态设置为第二状态。
然后，UPF从虚拟接口#11和虚拟接口#12发送拓扑改变帧。环形拓扑#1中的MRC设备在接收到拓扑改变帧后，根据拓扑改变帧中的时间间隔参数启动倒计时，在倒计时完成后，进行清空FDB的操作，然后MRC设备重新进行地址学习。
例如，工业终端#1从网口#11和网口#12都接收到拓扑改变帧，则工业终端#1确定从网口#11发送业务数据包。即，此时业务数据包的发送方式恢复到初始状态。
下面结合图4介绍基于介质冗余协议进行组网的另一种方法。
S401，CPE设备注册到第一网络中，并与UPF建立PDU会话。
该过程与S201相同，具体可以参考S201的描述。
S402，连接工业终端与CPE设备。
该过程与S203类似，不同的是，将工业终端#i包括的网口#i1和网口#i2均设置为激活状态，i从1遍历到N。
S403，UPF获取第四信息，该第四信息指示2N个CPE设备之间的关联关系。UPF根据该第四信息确定第一测试帧的发送路由。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第四信息可以是预配置到UPF中的。
具体地，第四信息中指示的每对相互关联的CPE设备与不同的工业终端连接。
下面以N的取值为4进行说明：
如图5所示，在第一系统中，工业终端#1与CPE#11和CPE#12连接；工业终端#2与CPE#21和CPE#22连接；工业终端#3与CPE#31和CPE#32连接；工业终端#4与CPE#41和CPE#42连接。
方式1：
第四信息指示CPE#11与CPE#21关联，CPE#22与CPE#31关联，CPE#32与CPE#41关联，CPE#42与CPE#12关联。
应理解，本申请中UPF获取了CPE设备之间的关联关系后，UPF可以确定第一测试帧的发送路由。即，当UPF从两个相关联的CPE设备中的一个CPE设备接收到第一测试帧之后，应向另一个CPE设备发送。例如，UPF确定CPE#11与CPE#21关联后，当UPF从CPE#11接收到第一测试帧时，应向CPE#21发送；当UPF从CPE#21接收到第一测试帧时，应向CPE#11发送。
此时，4个工业终端中的一个可以被设置为充当MRM的角色，其余工业终端以及8个CPE设备可以被设置为充当MRC的角色。
例如，将工业终端#1设置为充当MRM的角色，将其余工业终端以及8个CPE设备设置为充当MRC的角色。
方式2：
第四信息指示CPE#11与CPE#21关联，CPE#22与CPE#12关联，CPE#31与CPE#41关联，CPE#42与CPE#32关联。即，此时第一个环形拓扑中包括工业终端#1和工业终端#2，第二个环形拓扑中包括工业终端#3和工业终端#4。
此时，工业终端#1和工业终端#2中的一个可以被设置为充当MRM的角色，工业终端#3和工业终端#4中的一个可以被设置为充当MRM的角色，其余工业终端以及8个CPE设备可以被设置为MRC。
例如，将工业终端#1和工业终端#3设置为充当MRM的角色。
方式3：
第四信息指示CPE#11与CPE#21关联，CPE#22与CPE#31关联，CPE#32与CPE#12关联，CPE#41与CPE#42关联。即，此时第一个环形拓扑中包括工业终端#1、工业终端#2和工业终端#3，第二个环形拓扑中包括工业终端#4。
此时，工业终端#1、工业终端#2和工业终端#3中的一个可以被设置为充当MRM的角色，工业终端#4可以被设置为充当MRM的角色，其余工业终端以及8个CPE设备可以被设置为MRC。
例如，将工业终端#1和工业终端#4设置为MRM。
根据前述方法，图6为本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备，该通信设备包括收发单元 601和处理单元602。收发单元601可用于实现方法实施例中的接收和发送功能。方法实施例中的其他的功能可以通过处理单元602来实现。收发单元可以通过数据处理芯片中的输入接口和输出接口来实现，方法实施例中的发送和接收分别对应芯片中的输出和输入。收发单元601还可以拆分为接收单元和发送单元，接收单元可用于实现方法实施例中的接收功能，发送单元可用于实现方法实施例中的发送功能。接收单元可通过数据处理芯片中的输出接口来实现，发送单元可通过数据处理芯片的输入接口来实现。此外，收发单元和处理单元可以通过同一芯片来实现，本申请在此不作限定。应理解，本申请实施例中的收发单元601还可以由收发器(包括发射器和接收器)或收发器相关电路组件实现，处理单元602还可以由处理器或处理器相关电路组件(或者，称为处理电路)实现。
示例性地，当该通信设备为UPF时，收发单元601和处理单元602能够支持上述方法示例中由UPF完成的动作。例如，收发单元601可以完成上述方法实施例中的接收第一信息和第二信息，以及本文所描述的技术方案中的其它过程；处理单元602可以完成确定CPE设备之间的关联关系，以及本文所描述的技术方案中的其它过程。
本申请实施例还提供一种通信装置，如图7所示，包括：处理器701、通信接口702、存储器703。其中，处理器701、通信接口702以及存储器703可以通过总线707相互连接；总线707可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。上述总线707可以分为地址总线、数据总线和控制总线等。为便于表示，图7中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。处理器701可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，网络处理器(network processor，NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。处理器还可以进一步包括硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device,CPLD)，现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)，通用阵列逻辑(generic array logic，GAL)或其任意组合。存储器703可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。
处理器701用于实现通信装置的数据处理操作。通信接口702用于实现通信装置的收发操作。
示例性地，当该通信装置为UPF时，处理器701、通信接口702和存储器703能够支持上述方法示例中由UPF完成的动作。例如，通信接口702可以完成上述方法实施例中的接收第一信息和第二信息，以及本文所描述的技术方案中的其它过程；处理器701可以完成确定CPE设备之间的关联关系，以及本文所描述的技术方案中的其它过程。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可 以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种基于介质冗余协议进行组网的方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于第一系统中，所述第一系统中包括第一网元、N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端，所述第一网元充当介质冗余管理者的角色，所述N个第一类终端和所述2N个第二类终端充当介质冗余客户端的角色，N为正整数；
    所述方法包括：
    所述第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联，所述第一终端和所述第二终端为所述2N个第二类终端中的终端；
    其中，所述第一终端和所述第二终端与第三终端连接，所述第三终端为所述N个第一类终端中的终端；
    所述第一网元发送第一测试帧；
    当所述第一网元从所述第一终端接收到所述第一测试帧时，所述第一网元向所述第二终端发送所述第一测试帧；
    当所述第一网元从所述第二终端接收到所述第一测试帧时，所述第一网元向所述第一终端发送所述第一测试帧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一系统还包括第二网元；
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网元从所述第二网元获取第一信息和第二信息，所述第一信息指示所述N个第一类终端与N个参数之间的一一对应关系，所述第二信息指示所述N个第一类终端与N个第二类终端的连接关系，所述N个第二类终端为所述2N个第二类终端中的终端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网元根据所述第一信息，确定所述第三终端对应的参数；
    所述第一网元以广播或组播的方式发送第二测试帧，所述第二测试帧包括所述第三终端对应的参数；
    所述第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
    当所述第一网元从所述第一终端和所述第二终端接收到所述第二测试帧时，所述第一网元确定所述第一终端和所述第二终端关联。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网元根据所述第二信息，确定所述第三终端与所述第一终端连接；
    所述第一网元向所述第一终端发送第三测试帧；
    所述第一网元确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
    当所述第一网元从所述第二终端接收到所述第三测试帧时，所述第一网元确定所述第一终端和所述第二终端关联。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述方法还包括：
    所述第一网元设置与所述第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与所述第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，所述第一状态为允许传输业务数据的状态，所述第二传输状态为不允许传输业务数据的状态。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一网元设置与所述第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与所述第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，包括：
    所述第一网元在所述第一终端对应的分组数据单元PDU会话的上下文中添加第一字段，所述第一字段指示所述第一状态；
    所述第一网元在所述第二终端对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第二字段，所述第二字段指示所述第二状态。
  7. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括第一网元、N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端，所述第一网元充当介质冗余管理者的角色，所述N个第一类终端和所述2N个第二类终端充当介质冗余客户端的角色，N为正整数；
    所述第一网元用于：
    确定第一终端和第二终端关联，所述第一终端和所述第二终端为所述2N个第二类终端中的终端，其中，所述第一终端和所述第二终端与第三终端连接，所述第三终端为所述N个第一类终端中的终端；
    发送第一测试帧；
    当从所述第一终端接收到所述第一测试帧时，向所述第二终端发送所述第一测试帧；
    当从所述第二终端接收到所述第一测试帧时，向所述第一终端发送所述第一测试帧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述通信系统还包括第二网元；
    所述第二网元用于：
    向所述第一网元发送第一信息和第二信息，所述第一信息指示所述N个第一类终端与N个参数之间的一一对应关系，所述第二信息指示所述N个第一类终端与N个第二类终端的连接关系，所述N个第二类终端为所述2N个第二类终端中的终端。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一网元还用于：
    根据所述第一信息，确定所述第三终端对应的参数；
    以广播或组播的方式发送第二测试帧，所述第二测试帧包括所述第三终端对应的参数；
    所述第一网元用于：确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
    当从所述第一终端和所述第二终端接收到所述第二测试帧时，确定所述第一终端和所述第二终端关联。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一网元还用于：
    根据所述第二信息，确定所述第三终端与所述第一终端连接；
    向所述第一终端发送第三测试帧；
    所述第一网元用于：确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
    当从所述第二终端接收到所述第三测试帧时，确定所述第一终端和所述第二终端关联。
  11. 根据权利要求7-10中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一网元还用于：
    设置与所述第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与所述第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，所述第一状态为允许传输业务数据的状态，所述第二传输状态为不允许传输业务数据的状态。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，
    所述第一网元还用于：设置与所述第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与所述第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，包括：
    在所述第一终端对应的分组数据单元PDU会话的上下文中添加第一字段，所述第一字段指示所述第一状态；
    在所述第二终端对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第二字段，所述第二字段指示所述第二状态。
  13. 一种第一网元，其特征在于，所述第一网元位于第一系统中，所述第一系统还包括N个第一类终端和2N个第二类终端，所述第一网元充当介质冗余管理者的角色，所述N个第一类终端和所述2N个第二类终端充当介质冗余客户端的角色，N为正整数；
    所述第一网元包括收发单元和处理单元；
    所述处理单元，用于确定第一终端和第二终端关联，所述第一终端和所述第二终端为所述2N个第二类终端中的终端，其中，所述第一终端和所述第二终端与第三终端连接，所述第三终端为所述N个第一类终端中的终端；
    所述收发单元，用于发送第一测试帧；
    当所述收发单元从所述第一终端接收到所述第一测试帧时，所述收发单元还用于向所述第二终端发送所述第一测试帧；
    当所述收发单元从所述第二终端接收到所述第一测试帧时，所述收发单元还用于向所述第一终端发送所述第一测试帧。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的第一网元，其特征在于，
    所述第一系统还包括第二网元；
    所述收发单元，还用于从所述第二网元获取第一信息和第二信息，所述第一信息指示所述N个第一类终端与N个参数之间的一一对应关系，所述第二信息指示所述N个第一类终端与N个第二类终端的连接关系，所述N个第二类终端为所述2N个第二类终端中的终端。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的第一网元，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述第一信息，确定所述第三终端对应的参数；
    所述收发单元，还用于以广播或组播的方式发送第二测试帧，所述第二测试帧包括所述第三终端对应的参数；
    所述处理单元，用于确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
    当所述收发单元从所述第一终端和所述第二终端接收到所述第二测试帧时，所述处理 单元确定所述第一终端和所述第二终端关联。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的第一网元，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于根据所述第二信息，确定所述第三终端与所述第一终端连接；
    所述收发单元，还用于向所述第一终端发送第三测试帧；
    所述处理单元，用于确定第一终端和第二终端关联，包括：
    当所述收发单元从所述第二终端接收到所述第三测试帧时，所述处理单元确定所述第一终端和所述第二终端关联。
  17. 根据权利要求13-16中任一项所述的第一网元，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于设置与所述第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与所述第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，所述第一状态为允许传输业务数据的状态，所述第二传输状态为不允许传输业务数据的状态。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的第一网元，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于设置与所述第一终端之间的传输状态为第一状态，设置与所述第二终端之间的传输状态为第二状态，包括：
    所述处理单元，用于在所述第一终端对应的分组数据单元PDU会话的上下文中添加第一字段，所述第一字段指示所述第一状态；
    所述处理单元，用于在所述第二终端对应的PDU会话的上下文中添加第二字段，所述第二字段指示所述第二状态。
  19. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括：处理器和存储器，所述处理器用于执行所述存储器中存储的计算机程序或指令，使得所述通信设备执行如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法。
  20. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括计算机程序或指令，当所述计算机程序或所述指令在计算机上运行时，
    使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的方法。
  21. 一种芯片系统，其特征在于，包括：至少一个处理器，用于执行存储器中的计算机程序或指令，
    使得如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法被实现。
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