WO2023278327A1 - Procédé d'estimation d'une quantité d'un hydrocarbure dans la boue récupérée à partir d'un puits, et dispositif et programme utilisant le procédé - Google Patents

Procédé d'estimation d'une quantité d'un hydrocarbure dans la boue récupérée à partir d'un puits, et dispositif et programme utilisant le procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023278327A1
WO2023278327A1 PCT/US2022/035123 US2022035123W WO2023278327A1 WO 2023278327 A1 WO2023278327 A1 WO 2023278327A1 US 2022035123 W US2022035123 W US 2022035123W WO 2023278327 A1 WO2023278327 A1 WO 2023278327A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dbm
concentration
hydrocarbon
mud
measurement
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PCT/US2022/035123
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English (en)
Inventor
Dariusz Strapoc
Original Assignee
Schlumberger Technology Corporation
Schlumberger Canada Limited
Services Petroliers Schlumberger
Schlumberger Technology B.V.
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Application filed by Schlumberger Technology Corporation, Schlumberger Canada Limited, Services Petroliers Schlumberger, Schlumberger Technology B.V. filed Critical Schlumberger Technology Corporation
Priority to CN202280044111.5A priority Critical patent/CN117581004A/zh
Publication of WO2023278327A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023278327A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data

Definitions

  • gaseous compounds contained in the drilling muds emerging from the well can be analyzed. This analysis facilitates the reconstruction of the geological sequence of the formations passed through during the drilling process and helps to determine possible uses for the fluid deposits encountered.
  • This analysis which is carried out continuously, includes two main phases.
  • the first phase includes extracting the gases conveyed by the mud (for example, hydrocarbon compounds, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide).
  • the second phase includes quantifying the extracted gases.
  • hydrogen can include gaseous hydrogen, also called di-hydrogen, which is a molecule having two hydrogen atoms.
  • a degasser having mechanical stirring means of the type described in US 6,443,001 (the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference) is frequently used for extracting the gases from the mud.
  • the gases extracted from the mud which are mixed with a carrier gas introduced into the degasser, can be conveyed by suction through a gas extraction conduit up to an analyzer, which allows the extracted gases to be quantified.
  • the concentration which is obtained from the extraction in the degasser is not representative of the concentration of the hydrocarbon in the geological formation.
  • heat may be generated at the interaction of the bit and the formation which is sufficient to crack alkanes, i.e., when heat that surpasses activation energy of a liquid alkane in the oil-based mud (or a hydrocarbon containing mud), hydrocarbons in the drilling liquid are partially transformed into short chain alkanes.
  • DBM ill bit metamorphism
  • This phenomenon is related to many drilling and rock parameters, such as rock strength, abrasiveness, hardness of cutter, sliding surface areas, friction areas, weight on bit, vibrations, torque, effectiveness of bit cooling which corresponds to the mud flow rate and mud and cutter/bit heat transfer rate.
  • rock strength such as rock strength, abrasiveness, hardness of cutter, sliding surface areas, friction areas, weight on bit, vibrations, torque, effectiveness of bit cooling which corresponds to the mud flow rate and mud and cutter/bit heat transfer rate.
  • such cracking might happen when the drilling rotation speed is particularly high, such as in turbo-drilling or power-drilling operations.
  • alkanes are indistinguishable from the alkanes collected from the geological formation.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for estimating a concentration of a hydrocarbon in mud recovered from a well, an estimating device implementing the aforementioned method, and a computer program including software instructions, which implements an estimation method for estimating a concentration of at least a hydrocarbon in mud, when a computer executes them.
  • the method allows estimation of a concentration of a predefined type of hydrocarbon in mud recovered from a well.
  • a method for estimating a concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in mud recovered from a well includes acquiring a measurement representative of a concentration of the at least one hydrocarbon in mud.
  • An indicator of drill bit metamorphism in the mud is estimated.
  • At least one measurement representative of the concentration of the at least one hydrocarbon in the mud is corrected based on the indicator of drill bit metamorphism.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an estimation system including a drilling system and an estimating device for estimating a concentration of hydrocarbon in mud;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-plot relating a measured concentration of a DBM indicating compound to a concentration of alkane generated by DBM, the curve being used in embodiments of the disclosure;
  • Figure 3 is a projection curve relating a concentration of carbon in an alkane, to an estimated concentration of another alkane produced by DBM;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-plot relating a ratio depending on measured concentrations of alkane and DBM indicating compound to a carbon isotope signature of a hydrocarbon, the curve being used in embodiments of the disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of a method for estimating a concentration of hydrocarbon in mud.
  • the measurement representative of a concentration of the at least one hydrocarbon in the mud can be corrected taking into account the DBM to accurately estimate a concentration of hydrocarbon recovered from the well.
  • a method for estimating a concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in mud recovered from a well includes acquiring a measurement representative of a concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in mud. An indicator of drill bit metamorphism in the mud is estimated. At least one measurement representative of the concentration of the at least one hydrocarbon in the mud is corrected based on the indicator of drill bit metamorphism.
  • acquiring includes acquiring a first measurement of a concentration of a first type of hydrocarbon present in the formation and acquiring a second measurement of a concentration of a DBM indicating compound generated by DBM, the first type of hydrocarbon and the DBM indicating compound being distinct.
  • the indicator of drill bit metamorphism in the mud is an estimated concentration of the first type of hydrocarbon produced by drill bit metamorphism.
  • estimating the indicator of DBM includes determining a concentration of the first type of hydrocarbon produced by drill bit metamorphism, from a concentration cross-plot and the second measurement of the DBM indicating compound. In some embodiments determining includes using a regression curve relating the concentration of the DBM indicating compound in the mud recovered from the well, to the estimated concentration of the first type of hydrocarbon produced by DBM obtained from the concentration cross-plot.
  • the concentration of the first type of hydrocarbon is a concentration of alkane or benzene in the mud recovered from the well.
  • the estimating can include determining the concentration of methane, ethane, propane, and/or benzene, produced by DBM from the concentration cross- plot ⁇ ). Estimating can also include estimating a concentration of butane and/or a concentration of pentane produced by DBM from a projection curve interpolating the estimated concentrations of methane, ethane, and propane produced by DBM. In some embodiments, correcting can include subtracting the estimated concentration of the first type of hydrocarbon produced by DBM from the first measurement.
  • acquiring includes acquiring a third measurement of an isotope signature of the hydrocarbon in the mud recovered from the drilling, and a fourth measurement of an isotope signature of the hydrocarbon in a drilling liquid used for drilling the geological formation.
  • correcting includes correcting the third measurement based on: the fourth measurement, the corrected measurement representative of the concentration of the at least one hydrocarbon in the mud, the first measurement, and the indicator of drill bit metamorphism.
  • acquiring includes acquiring a third measurement of an isotope signature of the hydrocarbon in the mud recovered from the drilling, and a fourth measurement of an isotope signature of the hydrocarbon in a drilling liquid used for drilling the geological formation.
  • the indicator of drill bit metamorphism in the mud is an estimated isotope signature of the hydrocarbon in the geological formation.
  • Estimating an indicator of DBM includes calculating the estimated isotope signature from an isotopic cross-plot of the third measurement, versus a ratio calculated from the first and the second measurements.
  • estimating an indicator of DBM includes calculating from a generative curve an isotope signature of the hydrocarbon in the mud recovered from the drilling at the point where the concentration of the DBM indicating compound is null.
  • the correcting includes computing an estimated concentration of first type produced by DBM as a function of the third measurement, the fourth measurement and the indicator of DBM.
  • the correcting step includes subtracting the estimated concentration of the first type of hydrocarbon produced by DBM from the first measurement.
  • the first type of hydrocarbon is an alkane and the DBM indicating compound is an alkene, carbon monoxide, and/or hydrogen. In some embodiments, the first type of hydrocarbon is benzene.
  • correcting includes calculating an estimation of a concentration of at least a hydrocarbon in the geological formation.
  • a computer program includes software instructions which, when implemented by a piece of computer equipment, carry out the method for estimating a concentration of at least a hydrocarbon according to the disclosure.
  • an estimation device for estimating a concentration of hydrocarbon in the mud recovered from a well includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a measurement representative of a concentration of the at least one the hydrocarbons in mud.
  • the device also includes an estimation unit configured to estimate an indicator of drill bit metamorphism in the mud.
  • the device also includes a correction unit configured to correct the measurement representative of the concentration of the at least one hydrocarbon in the mud, based on the indicator of drill bit metamorphism.
  • Figure 1 discloses a device 2 for hydrocarbon content estimation.
  • the device 2 may be included in a drilling facility 5.
  • a facility 5 may include a drilling installation 12, and the device 2 as mentioned above.
  • the drilling installation 12 generally includes a rotary drilling tool 14 able to drill a cavity 16, a surface installation 18 such as a rig, and an analysis unit 19 for analyzing drilling cuttings.
  • a borehole 20, defining the cavity 16, is formed in the formation 21 by the rotary drilling tool 14.
  • the geological formation is for example a subsurface formation.
  • a well head 23 having a discharge pipe 25 closes the borehole 20.
  • the drilling tool 14 generally comprises a drill bit 27, a drill string 29 and a liquid injection head 31.
  • the drill bit 27 includes cutting elements 33 for drilling through the rocks of the substratum 21. It is mounted on the lower portion of the drill string 29 and is positioned in the bottom of the borehole 20.
  • the drill string 29 includes a set of hollow drilling pipes. These pipes define an internal space 35 which makes it possible to bring a drilling liquid from the surface 22 to the drill bit 27. To this end, the liquid injection head 31 is screwed onto the upper portion of the drill string 29.
  • the drilling liquid may be a water-based mud or an oil-based mud.
  • Oil-based drilling mud may include natural or synthetic oils.
  • Synthetic oil- based muds have typically narrow range of the dominant compounds, usually C11-C15 hydrocarbons. This range will likely be broader for natural oil or diesel based muds.
  • the concentration of these hydrocarbons remains generally constant in the drilling liquid during the entire drilling of the well. Hence, under the drilling action, the cracking of these alkanes produces two types of hydrocarbons with a lower amount of carbon. These two types of hydrocarbons are primarily short-chain alkanes and alkenes.
  • the alkane cracking may also produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and some other gasses in lower proportions.
  • DBM is generally more pronounced in oil-based muds owing to the higher concentrations of hydrocarbons in these muds. However, DBM may also occur at lower levels in water-based muds that include a significant fraction of hydrocarbons.
  • the surface installation 18 comprises a support 41 for supporting the drilling tool 14 and driving it in rotation (e.g., a top drive or a kelly), an injector 43 for injecting the drilling liquid, and a shale shaker 48.
  • the drilling liquid circulates downwards in the center of drill string 35, to the bit 33, and flowing upwards in the cavity 16 to the surface, bringing along drilling residue and formation gases.
  • the injector 43 is hydraulically connected to the injection head 31 in order to introduce and circulate the drilling liquid in the center 35 of the drill string 29.
  • the shale shaker 48 collects the mud recovered from the well including the drilling residue, the recovered mud flowing out from the discharge pipe 25.
  • the shale shaker includes a sieve 46 allowing the separation of the solid drill cuttings from the mud recovered from the well.
  • the shale shaker includes a holding tank intended to collect the mud after separating the cuttings. The mud collected in the holding tank is recycled to the injector 43 by a mud recycling pipe.
  • the surface installation 18 includes a system 50 for extracting gas from the mud recovered from the well and conveyed through the drainpipe 25.
  • the system 50 includes a liquid sampling head, which projects into the drainpipe 25 upstream of the shale shaker 48, a connection tube, and a pump with an adjustable flow.
  • the extracting system 50 also includes an enclosure, a pipe for conveying mud into the enclosure, a pipe for removing mud from the enclosure, an inlet for admitting a carrier gas into the enclosure and a pipe for extracting the extracted gases from the enclosure.
  • the extracted gases include hydrocarbon compounds, such as alkanes, alkenes, and/or benzene. Other extracted gases may include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen.
  • the enclosure includes a leak-tight container with an internal volume which may, for example, range between 0.4 liters and 3 liters. This enclosure has a lower section in which the mud circulates and an upper section which has gaseous vapor. The enclosure is also equipped with an impeller having an agitator, projecting into the enclosure and rotated by a motor fitted to the top part of the enclosure. The agitator is immersed in the mud.
  • the mud transfer pipe extends between the outlet from the pump (e.g., a roller pump) and an inlet opening created in the lower or upper part of the enclosure.
  • the transfer pipe may be equipped with a heater for heating the mud so as to increase the temperature of the mud to values ranging between 25 and 100 °C, preferably between 60 and 90 °C.
  • the analysis system 19 includes a sampling port 52 and an analysis unit 54.
  • the sampling port 52 is configured to sample a part of the gases extracted through the extraction system 50 to generate mud gas spot sample(s) that could be further analyzed, e.g., they could be transported to a laboratory to perform lab analysis on the extracted gas.
  • the laboratory is for example remote from the wellbore.
  • the analysis unit 54 is configured to analyze the remainder of the extracted gas in order to carry out measurement of different concentrations, as it will be described hereinafter.
  • CX refers to a carbon containing compound with a number of carbon equal to X.
  • C2 is a two carbon containing compound and could be, e.g., ethane or ethene.
  • C6 could refer to benzene, hexane, or hexene.
  • a CX couple refers to alkanes and alkenes having the same number of carbon. The CX couple of C2 would be ethane and ethene.
  • the analysis unit 54 includes one or several analyzers for measuring a concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in the gases. More specifically, the analysis unit 54 is configured to measure a concentration of a first type of hydrocarbon present in the formation and measure a concentration of a DBM indicating compound present in the drill liquid. In some embodiments, the analysis unit 54 is configured to proceed to the first and the second measurements simultaneously.
  • the first measurement is a measured concentration CX,AN,LOG of at least one type of alkane or benzene in the mud recovered from the well and the second measurement is a measured concentration CX,EN,LOG of at least one type of alkene, carbon monoxide, or hydrogen in the mud recovered from the well.
  • the alkane is methane, ethane, propane, butane, or pentane.
  • C6,AN,LOG refers to the measured concentration of benzene instead of a measured concentration of hexane, however, the disclosure is not limited to the measurement of benzene and hexane could also be measured.
  • alkanes when alkanes are measured, if the concentration of each isomer (e.g., butane isomers, such as iso-butane, n-butane, or pentane isomers, such as iso pentane, neo-pentane, n-pentane) is higher than a corresponding threshold, the isomers could each be considered as a separate type of alkane.
  • the measurement for an alkene could therefore, for example, include the concentration of iso-butane and the concentration of n-butane independently.
  • the type of alkene may be ethene, propene, butene, and/or pentene.
  • the analysis unit 54 can be configured to measure the concentration CX,AN,LOG of each alkane with less than six carbons in the mud recovered from the well, and to measure the concentration CX,EN,LOG of each alkene with less than or equal to six carbons, of carbon monoxide, or hydrogen in the mud recovered from the well.
  • the analysis unit 54 is also configured to measure a carbon isotope signature ⁇ 5 13 C X EX L0G of a hydrocarbon in the mud recovered from the well.
  • the isotope signature 13 C X EX L0G is a ratio of stable carbon isotopes 13 C: 12 C and is a well-known ratio.
  • the analysis unit 54 can be configured to also receive a measurement of an isotope signature 5 13, CX,OBM,LOG °f a hydrocarbon in the drill liquid used for drilling the geological formation.
  • the fourth measurement is, for example, obtained via lab analysis before, or after, drilling the well.
  • the analysis unit 54 is configured to take the third and fourth measurements for each hydrocarbon with less than four carbons.
  • the estimation device 2 includes a calculator having a processor and a memory.
  • the memory contains software modules and/or units adapted to be executed by the processor.
  • the calculator is designed at least partially as logic programmable component, or as dedicated integrated circuits.
  • the memory contains an acquisition unit 56, an estimation unit 58, and a correction unit 60.
  • the estimation device 2 connected to the output of the analysis unit 54 and is configured to estimate a concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in mud recovered from a well.
  • the estimation device 2 may be directly connected to the analysis unit 54 through a wire.
  • the estimation device 2 is distant from the analysis unit (e.g., several kilometers away) and the analysis unit 54 and the estimation device 2 communicate through a wireless connection.
  • the acquisition unit 56 is configured to acquire measurements representative of hydrocarbons from the analysis unit 54. More specifically, the acquisition unit 56 is configured to acquire CX,AN,LOG and CX,EN,LOG measurements. In other words, the acquisition unit 56 is configured to acquire the measured concentrations in the mud recovered from the well of at least one alkane and at least one DBM indicating compound, e.g., at least one of the alkanes methane Ci, AN, LOG, ethane C2,AN,LOG, propane C3,AN,LOG, butane C4,AN,LOG, and pentane CS.AN.LOG, and at least one of the DBM indicating compounds benzene C6,AN,LOG, ethene C2,EN,LOG, propene C3,EN,LOG, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, butene C4,EN,LOG, and/or pentene C5,EN,LOG.
  • DBM indicating compound e.g., at least one of the alkanes methane Ci, AN, LOG,
  • the analysis unit 54 is not configured to measure butene and/or pentene. However, in some embodiments, the analysis unit 54 is configured to measure butene and/or pentene.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to estimate, from the measurements of the at least one alkane and at least one DBM indicating compound, an indicator of drill bit metamorphism in the mud. In some embodiments, the estimation unit 58 is configured to estimate the indicator of drill bit metamorphism from the first CX,AN,LOG and the second CX,EN,LOG measurements.
  • the estimation unit 58 acquires or determines a regression curve relating the concentration of the DBM indicating compound in the mud recovered from the well to the estimated concentration of the first type of hydrocarbon produced by drill bit metamorphism from a regression curve of a cross plot.
  • the at least one concentration cross-plot is used to determine a regression curve relating the second measurement CX,EN,LOG to a concentration of alkane, or benzene, produced by DBM CX,AN,DBM.
  • the regression curve is linear.
  • a suitable regression curve may be estimated manually (e.g. via evaluating a concentration cross-plot) or automatically (e.g., as described in more detail below).
  • the estimation unit 58 acquires or determines a respective concentration cross-plot for the C2-couple, and one respective concentration cross-plot for the C3 -couple, one respective concentration cross-plot for the C4-couple, one respective cross-plot for the C5-couple, and/or one respective cross-plot for the C6-couple.
  • Such cross-plots can be obtained by measurements carried out during the drilling of the well.
  • a cross plot includes data D1 representative of a zone without DBM and data D2 representative of a zone with DBM.
  • data D1 representative of a zone without DBM
  • data D2 representative of a zone with DBM.
  • the regression curve relates, for the considered CX-couple, the measured concentration of DBM indicating compound in the mud recovered from the well CX,EN,LOG to the concentration of alkane, or benzene, produced by drill bit metamorphism CX,AN,DBM.
  • one example regression curve is depicted as a dashed line.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured, from the DBM indicating gas data greater than a cut-off value, to determine the parameters of the regression curve.
  • the cut-off value could be any suitable value, e.g., between 25 ppm and 30 ppm.
  • the regression curve is a baseline of the second set of data D2 resulting of a tradeoff between a correlation factor R 2 greater than a specific threshold and a minimized amount of data below the baseline minimized.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to receive one or more cross plots, one or more regression curves, and/or one or more parameters of a regression equation. These plots, curves, and/or parameters might be obtained in a lab before drilling the well or the parameters can be obtained from previous wells (e.g. an average) in the same field, assuming the same rig and drilling fluid are used.
  • Figure 2 shows an example of a concentration cross-plot relating the measured concentration C2,EN,LOG of ethene in the mud recovered from the well to the concentration of ethane recovered from the well C2,AN,DBM.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to estimate the indicator of drill bit metamorphism as the concentration of ethane produced by drill bit metamorphism C2,AN,DBM by reading the value of the regression curve (the dashed line) corresponding to the measured concentration of ethene C2,EN,LOG.
  • the height of the regression curve from the X axis corresponds to the value of the concentration of a particular hydrocarbon (here ethane) produced by DBM, when a particular concentration of DBM indicating compound CX,EN,LOG is measured.
  • the same process can be used with methane, propane, butane, and/or pentane by replacing ethene with propene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, butene, or pentene.
  • concentrations of butene C4,EN,LOG and pentene C5,EN,LOG in the mud recovered from the well may be too low to be used by the estimation device 2 to obtain a concentration cross-plot.
  • the estimation unit 58 may be configured to derive the concentrations of butane C4,AN,DBM, pentane C5,AN,DBM, and benzene C6,AN,DBM produced by drill bit metamorphism from the estimated concentrations of methane CI,AN,DBM, ethane C2,AN,DBM, and/or propane C3,AN,DBM produced by drill bit metamorphism.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to determine a projection curve, represented as a dotted curve on Figure 3, relating the concentration of alkane or benzene produced by DBM CX,AN,DBM as a function of the amount of carbon in the alkane.
  • the projection curve is a decreasing logarithmic curve interpolating points corresponding to the estimated concentration of alkane or benzene produced by drill bit metamorphism CX,AN,DBM.
  • concentrations of alkane produced by drill bit metamorphism are estimated for methane CI,AN,DBM, ethane C2,AN,DBM, and propane C3,AN,DBM
  • the projection curve interpolates each of the points of coordinates (1, CI,AN,DBM), (2, C2,AN,DBM), and (3, C3,AN,DBM).
  • Such a curve could be obtained by any suitable method, e.g., by the method disclosed in US 7,392, 138, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the estimation unit 58 uses the projection curve to estimate the concentration of butanes produced by drill bit metamorphism C4,AN,DBM as the value of the projection curve for a number of carbons equal to 4.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to estimate the concentration of pentanes produced by drill bit metamorphism C5,AN,DBM as the value of the projection curve for a number of carbons equal to 5.
  • the points corresponding to the concentration of butane C4,AN,DBM and pentane C5,AN,DBM produced by DBM are respectively represented by a star.
  • the correction unit 60 is configured to correct the at least one measurement representative of the concentration of hydrocarbons in the mud, based on the indicator of drill bit metamorphism. In other words, the correcting unit 60 is configured to determine at least one of a corrected concentration of methane CI,AN,COR, a corrected concentration of ethane C2,AN,COR, a corrected concentration of propane C3,AN,COR, a corrected concentration of butane C4,AN,COR, or a corrected concentration of pentane C5,AN,COR. [0067] In some embodiments, the correction unit is configured to compute a difference between the measurement of alkanes and the indicator of drill bit metamorphism. In other words, the correcting unit 60 is configured, for each type of alkane, to compute a corrected concentration of alkane or benzene, CX,AN,COR according to the following equation:
  • Cx,AN,COR Cx,AN,LOG ⁇ C X AN DBM where X is an integer comprised between 1 and 6.
  • the correcting unit 60 is only configured to determine the corrected concentration of an alkane or benzene CX,AN,COR for the type(s) alkane or benzene for which a measured concentration CX,AN,LOG and an estimated concentration produced by DBM CX,AN,DBM are available.
  • the estimated concentration of benzene produced by DBM is denoted C6,AN,DBM.
  • the value of the corrected alkane concentration CX,AN,CRO corresponds to the height between the data point corresponding to the actual measurement of alkane concentration CX,AN,LOG and the height of the regression curve at the same abscissa, corresponding to the value of the concentration of DBM indicating compound CX,EN,LOG.
  • a method for estimating representative concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in mud recovered from a well will now be described with reference to Figure 5.
  • a well is drilled and some mud is recovered from the well.
  • a measurement representative of the concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in the mud is performed by the analysis unit 54. This measurement includes a measured concentration of an alkane or benzene in the mud recovered from the well CX,AN,LOG and a measured concentration of DBM indicating compound in the mud recovered from the well CX,EN,LOG.
  • the estimation unit 58 optionally uses, for at least one CX-couple, the corresponding concentration cross-plot relating the measured concentration of DBM indicating compound in the mud recovered from the well CX,EN,LOG, to the concentration of the alkane or benzene produced by drill bit metamorphism CX,AN,DBM, in order to determine the parameters of the regression equation from a regression curve.
  • the estimation unit 58 estimates the concentration of an alkane or benzene produced by drill bit metamorphism CX,AN,DBM based on a regression curve of the corresponding concentration cross-plot, as detailed above.
  • the estimating 120 may include estimation of the concentrations of methane CI,AN,DBM, ethane C2,AN,DBM, propane C3,AN,DBM, butanes C4,AN,DBM, pentanes C5,AN,DBM, and/or benzene Ce, AN, DBM produced by DBM.
  • the estimation unit 58 determines a projection curve from the estimated concentrations of methane CI,AN,DBM, ethane C2,AN,DBM, and propane C3,AN,DBM produced by DBM. Then, based on such projection curve, the estimation unit 58 estimates the concentration of butane C4,AN,DBM and/or pentane CS.AN DBM produced by drill bit metamorphism, as detailed above.
  • the correction unit 60 corrects the at least one measurement representative of the concentration of hydrocarbons in the mud, based on the indicator of drill bit metamorphism.
  • the correction unit 60 for example determines, for at least one type of alkane or benzene, the corrected concentration of alkane or benzene in the geological formation CX,AN,COR, by deducing the indicator of drill bit metamorphism from the alkene or benzene measurement CX,AN,LOG.
  • the correction unit 60 determines, for each type of alkane, the corrected concentration of alkane or benzene in the geological formation CX,AN,COR, from the estimated concentration of the alkane or benzene produced by DBM CX,AN,DBM and the measured concentration of the alkane or benzene in the mud recovered from the well CX,AN,LOG, according to Equation 1.
  • the acquisition unit 56 configured to acquire, from the analysis unit 54 and for at least one CX, a third measurement 5 13 C XEX MES and a fourth measurement 5 13, CX,OBM,LAB ⁇
  • the acquisition unit 56 may be configured to acquire the third S 13 C X EX ES and the fourth 5 13 C X 0BM LAB measurements for methane, ethane, and/or propane.
  • the correction unit 60 is configured to correct the measured isotope signature of carbon in mud recovered from the well 5 13 C X EX MES.
  • the correction unit 60 is configured to compute, for each CX-couple for which isotope measurements have been acquired, the fraction fx,AN,DBM of alkane produced by drill bit metamorphism among the measured concentration of alkane or benzene in the mud recovered from the well.
  • the correction unit 60 is configured to use the following equation:
  • Equation 2 where X is an integer comprised between 1 and 3.
  • the correction unit 56 is then configured, for the CX-couple(s), to compute the corrected quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the geological formation 5 13 C X EX COR according to the following equation:
  • Equation 3 can be obtained by considering that the measured quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in molecules of CX-couples of the mud recovered from the well is proportional to the quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the same molecules in the reservoir and to the measured quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the same molecules of the oil-based mud or in alkene DBM- products of mud degradation.
  • the method for estimating a representative concentration of at least one hydrocarbon in the mud recovered from the well also includes, during acquiring 110, the acquisitions of the third S 13 C X EX LOG and fourth 5 13 C X 0BM LAB measurements.
  • the estimation unit 58 estimates the corrected quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the geological formation 5 13 C X EX COR according to Equations 2 and 3.
  • the acquisition unit 56 is configured to acquire for at least one CX-couple the first C XAN L0G , the second C X EN L0G , the third S 13 C X EX L0G and fourth 5 13, CX,OBM,LAB measurements.
  • the acquisition unit 56 is configured to acquire the first measurement CX,AN,LOG for methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and/or benzene, and the third and fourth measurements for each CX-couple with less than four carbon atoms.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to estimate an indicator of drill bit metamorphism in the mud.
  • the indicator of drill bit metamorphism includes an isotope signature of the hydrocarbon in the reservoir.
  • the estimation unit 58 is able to acquire or determine a generative curve from an isotopic cross-plot relating the quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon of a CX-couple 5 13 C X EX LOG to a ratio Rx depending on the measured concentration of DBM indicating compound in the mud recovered from the well CX,EN,LOG and on the measured concentration of alkane or benzene in the mud recovered from the well CX,AN,LOG.
  • ratio Rx is calculated with the following equation:
  • Equation 4 n _ c H c XANL0G - L rX,EN,LOG + ⁇ r L X,AN,LOG where X is an integer between 1 and 3.
  • the measured concentration of alkene in the mud recovered from the well CX,EN,LOG is equal to zero. Since the geological formation does not naturally include alkenes, the ratio Rx equal to one indicates that the gas is derived from the geological formation. Indeed, all (e.g., substantially all) the alkenes in the mud recovered from the well come from the drilling mud.
  • the mud recovered from the well only includes gasses derived from DBM from the drilling liquid since the concentration of alkane, or benzene, in the mud recovered from the well CX,AN is equal to zero.
  • the generative curve relates the ratio Rx of the specific CX- couple to the quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the molecules of this CX-couple in the mud recovered from the well .
  • Each generative curve is, for example, a regression curve obtained by applying an optimization algorithm to several measurements for different values of a same ratio Rx and starting at the same origin at the carbon isotope signature 5 13 C X EX LOG of the drilling oil for a ratio Rx equal to one, translating to pure DBM product.
  • the generative curve may be obtained, based on several ratios and isotope signatures obtained through measurements when drilling the well, based on measurements carried out in a laboratory on samples taken from the well, or based on measurements of a previously drilled well or wells.
  • a second degree polynomial regression curve provides an efficient result for the generative curve 70 relating the ratio Rx, to the quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the molecules of Cl in the mud recovered from the well
  • a linear regression curve can be used for the corresponding generative curves 75, 80.
  • the isotopic cross-plot is for example represented on figure 4.
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured, for each CX-couple for which the acquisition unit 56 acquired the first and the second measurements, to compute the corresponding ratio Rx. Then for each CX’ -couple, potentially different than the CX-couple, for which the acquisition unit 56 acquired the third S 13 C x , EX MES and the fourth measurements, the estimation unit 58 is configured to, from a point of coordinates (Rx, 5 13 C X/ EX MES ) in the second cross-plot, to follow, in a parallel manner, the corresponding generative curve, by making the ratio Rx increase until reaching a ratio Rx equal to one. The estimation unit 58 is thus configured to read the value of the corresponding quantity of 13C-isotope of carbon in the geological formation
  • the estimation unit 58 is to compute the corresponding ratio Ri according to the second equation, as follows:
  • the estimation unit 58 is thus configured, from a point of coordinates (R2, 5 13 C 1 EX L OG ) in the isotopic cross-plot, to follow an interpolating curve, parallel to the corresponding generative curve 70, make the ratio R2 increase to one as shown by the parallel curves XX and YY on Figure 4.
  • the interpolating curve XX, YY is the curve parallel to the generative curve, which interpolate the point of coordinates (Ri,
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to read the value of the quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon of methane in the geological formation [0086]
  • the estimation unit 58 is configured to use the RMo generate the curve for the C2-couple and the C3-couple (e.g., in addition to using R3).
  • the correction unit 60 is configured to correct the at least one measurement representative of the concentration of the at least one hydrocarbon in the mud.
  • the correction unit 60 is configured to estimate, for at least one CX-couple, the concentration of the corresponding alkane produced by drill bit metamorphism C XAN DBM , based on the third measurement 13 C X EX ME s , the fourth measurement 5 13 C X OBM MES and the indicator of drill bit metamorphism.
  • the indicator of drill bit metamorphism in some embodiments, corresponds to the isotope signature of carbon indigenous in the formation Such estimation can be obtained using the following equation:
  • Equation 6 where X is an integer comprised between 1 and 3.
  • the correction unit 60 is then configured to correct the first measure based on the estimated concentration of alkane, or benzene, produced by DBM C X AN DBM.
  • the correction unit 60 is configured, for at least one CX-couple, to determine the corresponding corrected concentration of alkane or benzene CX,AN,COR as being the difference between the measured concentration of alkane or benzene in the mud recovered from the well CX,AN,LOG and the estimated concentration of alkane or benzene produced by drill bit metamorphism CX,AN,DBM.
  • the acquisition unit 56 acquires, for at least one CX- couple, CX,AN,LOG, CX,EN,LOG, 5 13 C X EX LOG , and .
  • the acquisition unit 56 acquires the first measurement CX,AN,LOG for each alkane with less than six carbons and the third 5 13 C X EX L0G , and the fourth 5 13 C X OBM LOG measurements for each CX- couple with less than three carbons.
  • the estimation unit 58 estimates the indicator of drill bit metamorphism from the first CX,AN,LOG, the second CX,EN,LOG, and the third 5 13 C X EX LOG measurements using the isotopic cross-plot. More specifically, the estimation unit 58 computes, for at least one of the CX-couple for which the acquisition unit 56 acquired measurements, the corresponding ratio Rx using Equation 4 and each generative curve.
  • the estimation unit 58 follows a parallel interpolation curve XX or YY to the corresponding generative curve by making the ratio Rx increase until reaching a ratio Rx equal to one. Then, the estimation unit 58 identifies the value of the corresponding quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the geological formation as the value of the corresponding generative curve at a point where the concentration of the corresponding alkene is null, i.e. at the point where the ratio Rxis equal to one.
  • the identified quantity of 13 C-isotope of carbon in the geological formation S 13 C X is the indicator of drill bit metamorphism.
  • the correction unit 60 corrects the at least one measurement representative of the concentration of the at least one hydrocarbons in the mud, based on the indicator of drill bit metamorphism. More specifically, the correction unit 60 computes the concentration of alkane or benzene produced by drill bit metamorphism CX,AN,DBM, from: the indicator of drill bit metamorphism S 13 C X j, the third measurement 5 13 C X EX L0G , and the fourth measurement 5 13 C X OBM LOG according to Equation 6. Then the correction unit 60 corrects the first measurement CX,AN,LOG with the concentration of alkane or benzene produced by drill bit metamorphism CX,AN,DBM, for example, by applying Equation 1.
  • benzene in formations without liquid phase (i.e., in formations that only produce gasses), benzene will be generated only from DBM along with alkenes, hydrogen, and/or carbon monoxide.
  • the second measurement may be a measured concentration of benzene in the mud recovered from the well. Then the corrected concentration of alkane in the mud recovered from the well might be deduced from the measured concentration of benzene, as a DBM indicating compound.
  • measurements representative of a concentration of each hydrocarbon in the mud are corrected to estimate a concentration of hydrocarbon in the mud, which removes the effect of DBM.
  • the above described method also provides an estimation of the isotope signature of the formation alkane gases and is applicable to hydrocarbons with up to five carbons given sufficient concentration and measured carbon isotope signature
  • correction to remove the effect of DBM makes it possible to accurately estimate the concentration of hydrocarbon in the geological formation without being biased by the effect of DBM. This provides a more accurate detection of hydrocarbon content in the formations in which the well is drill than is currently employed.
  • references to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.
  • any element described in relation to an embodiment herein may be combinable with any element of any other embodiment described herein.
  • Numbers, percentages, ratios, or other values stated herein are intended to include that value, and also other values that are “about” or “approximately” the stated value, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art encompassed by embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a stated value should therefore be interpreted broadly enough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the stated value to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result.
  • the stated values include at least the variation to be expected in a suitable manufacturing or production process, and may include values that are within 5%, within 1%, within 0.1%, or within 0.01% of a stated value.
  • any references to “up” and “down” or “above” or “below” are merely descriptive of the relative position or movement of the related elements.

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Abstract

Un procédé d'estimation d'une concentration d'un hydrocarbure dans la boue récupérée à partir d'un puits consiste à acquérir une mesure représentative d'une concentration de l'hydrocarbure dans la boue. Un indicateur de métamorphisme de trépan dans la boue est estimé. Au moins une mesure représentative de la concentration de l'hydrocarbure dans la boue est corrigée sur la base de l'indicateur de métamorphisme de trépan.
PCT/US2022/035123 2021-06-28 2022-06-27 Procédé d'estimation d'une quantité d'un hydrocarbure dans la boue récupérée à partir d'un puits, et dispositif et programme utilisant le procédé WO2023278327A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070062272A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2007-03-22 Geoservices Method for detecting hydrocarbons in geological strata.
WO2010042383A2 (fr) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Procédé de correction des concentrations en composants gazeux mesurées dans une boue de forage
US20100264315A1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2010-10-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrocarbon concentration measuring apparatus and hydrocarbon concentration measuring method
US20140249053A1 (en) * 2011-10-20 2014-09-04 Amelia C. Robinson Nanoparticle probes, methods, and systems for use thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070062272A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2007-03-22 Geoservices Method for detecting hydrocarbons in geological strata.
US20100264315A1 (en) * 2007-11-07 2010-10-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrocarbon concentration measuring apparatus and hydrocarbon concentration measuring method
WO2010042383A2 (fr) * 2008-10-09 2010-04-15 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Procédé de correction des concentrations en composants gazeux mesurées dans une boue de forage
US20140249053A1 (en) * 2011-10-20 2014-09-04 Amelia C. Robinson Nanoparticle probes, methods, and systems for use thereof

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QUBAISI et al., Using Drill Bit Metamorphism to Aid in Formation Evaluation of Tight Gas Reservoirs, In: International Petroleum Technology Conference, 13 January 2020, pp. 1-9 *

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