WO2023275150A1 - Procede pour la conversion de donnees entre des espaces colorimetriques - Google Patents
Procede pour la conversion de donnees entre des espaces colorimetriques Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023275150A1 WO2023275150A1 PCT/EP2022/067910 EP2022067910W WO2023275150A1 WO 2023275150 A1 WO2023275150 A1 WO 2023275150A1 EP 2022067910 W EP2022067910 W EP 2022067910W WO 2023275150 A1 WO2023275150 A1 WO 2023275150A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
- G09G5/02—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
- H04N17/002—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for television cameras
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
- H04N23/85—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals for matrixing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
- G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
- G09G2320/0693—Calibration of display systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
- G09G2340/06—Colour space transformation
Definitions
- TITLE METHOD FOR THE CONVERSION OF DATA BETWEEN
- the present invention relates to a method for converting at least one datum between the colorimetric spaces of several colorimetric systems.
- the invention also relates to a computer program and a device implementing such a method.
- the field of the invention is that of the conversion of images between different colorimetric spaces.
- the vision of colors in a colorimetric system depends on the color space (also called colorimetric space) of the latter. According to the state of the art, it is known to represent these color spaces according to three parameters defined with respect to the system of human vision. For example, in order to have a description of colors that conforms to human vision, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has defined a reference space, called CIE1931 XYZ space, allowing data to be expressed in a color space that conforms to human vision. Following this representation, it was decided to standardize the color spaces of the colorimetric systems.
- CIE International Commission on Illumination
- the CIE XYZ space is defined in each colorimetric system. This has several disadvantages since in the end the color spaces of the colorimetric systems must adapt to the CIE-XYZ representation. Therefore, the color spaces of the colorimetric systems do not directly depend on the intrinsic characteristics of the colorimetric system but on standardized properties.
- An object of the present invention is to remedy at least one of the aforementioned drawbacks.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a data conversion method applicable to all conversion systems.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for converting data between different colorimetric spaces that is easier to implement.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for converting data between more precise colorimetric systems.
- the invention makes it possible to achieve at least one of the aforementioned aims by a method, implemented by computer, for the conversion of at least one datum, called initial datum, between a colorimetric space of at least one system colorimetric, called first colorimetric system, and a colorimetric space of at least one colorimetric system, called second colorimetric system, the at least one initial datum consisting of at least one element expressed in a colorimetric mark, called initial mark, said process comprises the following steps:
- adapted datum - adaptation of the at least one projected datum into at least one datum, called adapted datum, by expression of the at least one element in the colorimetric space of the at least one first colorimetric system or of the at least one second colorimetric system using a transfer function linking the colorimetric spaces of the at least one first colorimetric system and of the at least one second colorimetric system, said colorimetric space of the at least one adapted datum being different from the space colorimetric of at least one projected datum, characterized in that the color space of the at least one first color system and the at least one second color system are each a hyperbolic space defined by a hyperbolic metric projective frame.
- the colorimetric spaces or color spaces of each colorimetric system are expressed according to the same color representation model. In this way, it is very easy to convert data from a color space associated with a colorimetric system to another color space associated with another colorimetric system.
- each colorimetric space is defined from the colorimetric system considered.
- the method according to the invention proposes a colorimetric space or color space based on a projective model with hyperbolic metric.
- These color spaces are constructed or codified from mathematical elements, which guarantees the process a universal character because:
- the color spaces according to the method according to the invention are conceptualized mathematically unlike the state of the art in which the color spaces were defined by a standard, for example by the CIE standard, which had the consequence that it was necessary to adapt the colorimetric systems (and therefore the colorimetric space of colorimetric systems) to this standard rather than to seek a model applicable to all colorimetric systems.
- the method thus makes it possible to easily, precisely and rigorously exchange data between these colorimetric spaces.
- the transfer function allows correspondence between the first colorimetric system and the second colorimetric system. Thereby, conversion of data between color spaces can be done in both directions.
- the first colorimetric system can comprise at least one acquisition means and/or at least one display means.
- the second colorimetric system can comprise at least one display means and/or at least one acquisition means different from the at least one first colorimetric system.
- the acquisition means may comprise or consist of a camera, and/or a camera, and/or a smartphone, etc.
- the display means may comprise or consist of a screen, smartphone, etc.
- the conversion step may comprise a step of changing the reference frame from the initial reference frame to a projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric by using at least one mathematical operator to express the at least one element of the at least one initial datum in the hyperbolic color space of the at least one first color system or the at least one second color system.
- This conversion is thus defined mathematically, which makes it possible to improve the precision, the rigor and the efficiency of the method according to the invention. Moreover, it allows to express in a simplified way any data in a hyperbolic colorimetric space.
- the at least one mathematical operator may comprise at least one projection operator comprising:
- the passage from one space to another is thus defined according to a mathematical framework.
- the mathematical operator or the operators for expressing an initial datum in a hyperbolic colorimetric space are operators mastered by a person skilled in the art. This thus promotes the simplicity of implementation of the method according to the invention. These mathematical operators can be used separately or in combination.
- the initial marker is a hyperbolic marker
- the at least one mathematical operator can comprise an identity matrix.
- the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric of the at least one first colorimetric system and of the at least one second colorimetric system can comprise a common projective axis.
- the projective markers with hyperbolic metric according to the invention thus have links in common. Consequently, this makes it possible to promote the ease of conversion of a datum expressed in a first colorimetric space (hyperbolic) to another colorimetric space (hyperbolic) and vice versa.
- the hyperbolic space may comprise a convex cone oriented on an axis of the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric, preferably on the common projective axis, and with an aperture of 20.5.
- the colorimetric spaces are defined according to a cone which is similar to the model of color perception in humans.
- the cone can be defined according to the theory of Huseyin Yilmaz in the documents “On Color Perception”, Applied Research Laboratory, Sylvania Electronic Systems, Walham; and "Color Vision and New Approach to General Perception", Applied Research Laboratory, Sylvan Electronic Systems, A division of Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. Waltham, Massachusetts, which define an exemplary representation of a color space associated with human vision.
- the perception of colors is represented according to a three-dimensional cone which makes it possible to express the perception of colors in perceptual attributes which are hue, saturation and intensity.
- the cone may include an envelope.
- the image of the Dirac distributions, the basis of the space of spectral functions, forms the envelope of the cone in R 3 .
- the envelope of the cone is the place of colors of maximum saturations.
- Each positive spectral function can be represented as a point inside the cone.
- the cone envelope represents the set of pure hue colors at maximum saturation.
- the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric of the at least one first colorimetric system and/or of the at least one second colorimetric system can be constructed in a basis of R 4 .
- the projective frame with hyperbolic metric can comprise a canonical projective frame with an associated canonical metric.
- canonical projective space we mean a model of the hyperboloid.
- the advantage of such a dimension is to be able to change the point of view, that is to say to change the origin of an affine reference and consequently that of the canonical projective reference, built on the affine reference. adding the direction of the projection.
- the conversion step and/or the adaptation step can thus be performed in R 4 .
- Each projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric can preferably be defined by:
- Defining a projective frame thus makes it possible to express the transformations between the different projective frames, which are, according to the invention, the projective frames with hyperbolic metric.
- the projection and adaptation stages are thus facilitated, more precise and easier to implement.
- the three basis vectors can thus make it possible to define a vector space.
- the white point can preferably set a measurement to 1.
- the white point can be shifted with respect to the black point by a translation of the affine transformation.
- At least one vector of the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric of the at least one first colorimetric system and/or of the at least one second colorimetric system can be a unit vector.
- Such a vector thus serves as a “standard” of length to define a length in the other hyperbolic colorimetric spaces, preferably along the common projective axis.
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space can represent the ideal observer under the illuminant of equal energy.
- Each hyperbolic colorimetric space can comprise a unitary hyperboloid, the projected datum and/or the adapted datum can comprise at least one component, preferably at least one color component, expressed in the unitary hyperboloid.
- the projected datum and the adapted datum can comprise at least one component expressed on a unitary hyperboloid, which facilitates the conversion of data from one colorimetric space to another.
- Several components can be expressed in the unitary hyperboloid.
- the components expressed in the unitary hyperboloid can be the chrominance components.
- components carrying color information are expressed in the unitary hyperboloid.
- This makes it possible to obtain a common coding of the projected and/or adapted data, which makes it possible to obtain data (projected and adapted) independent and invariant of an experimental condition.
- the color components of the adapted and/or projected data can thus be more easily compared, and/or modeled, and/or converted.
- this makes it possible to be able to compare the at least one datum projected and the at least one datum adapted in the same mathematical space.
- the process of adaptation of human vision is then a transformation which leaves the mathematical space invariant. This thus makes it possible to improve the ease of conversion of the initial datum into projected datum and the conversion of the projected datum into adapted datum.
- the unitary hyperboloid can preferably be centered on the common projective axis.
- the transfer function used in the adaptation step can be a diagonal matrix. Such a matrix makes it possible to facilitate the calculations used in the adaptation step. The ease of implementation and the calculation time of the method according to the invention are therefore improved.
- the transfer function used in the adaptation step can include an identity matrix.
- an identity matrix can be used.
- the calculation time for implementation and the ease of implementation of the method according to the invention are further improved.
- the projection step and/or the adaptation step can comprise a step of correcting the hyperbolic colorimetric space of the at least one first colorimetric system and/or of the at least one second colorimetric system by using a hyperbolic rotation matrix ⁇ .
- the hyperbolic rotation matrix is used when the projective axes between the hyperbolic projective reference frames are not collinear.
- the method according to the invention may comprise, prior to the conversion step,
- each design step may include the following steps:
- Each projection step can include a change of marker.
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space is created from the spectral function of the colorimetric system and by carrying out operations of change of frame. These operations are easy to implement.
- the spectral function of the colorimetric system considered can be known, or given by the manufacturer, or measured in a calibration phase. Thus, if the spectral function is not known and the colorimetric system in question is available then it is possible to measure this spectral function.
- the design step can include the steps below.
- said method can comprise a calibration phase, called the first phase.
- calibration for the definition of the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric of the at least one acquisition means, said first calibration phase possibly comprising a step of measuring a spectral function of the at least one acquisition means by use of a spectrophotometer and/or a monochromator.
- the step of measuring the spectral function of the at least one acquisition means can comprise the following steps:
- said method can comprise a calibration phase, called second calibration phase, for the definition of the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric of the at least one display means, said second calibration phase possibly comprising a step of measuring a spectral function of the at least one display means by a spectrophotometer.
- a spectrophotometer may be necessary to measure the spectral function of said colorimetric system.
- a spectrophotometer and a monochromator may be necessary to measure the spectral function of said colorimetric system.
- the at least one display means can comprise a screen (for example a computer screen, television screen, smartphone screen, etc.).
- the at least one acquisition means can comprise, for example, a camera, a camera, a smartphone, etc.
- the at least one initial datum can be an image and the at least one element can be a pixel of the initial image.
- at least one datum can comprise an image comprising pixels expressed in an initial frame R, G, B, or HSV, or in a projective frame with a hyperbolic metric, etc.
- the method is functional with different types of color coding models.
- the at least one initial datum can be the power spectral density of monochromatic or polychromatic light.
- the projected datum and the adapted datum may be the spectrum of a light.
- the initial datum can come from the at least one first colorimetric system or from the at least one second colorimetric system or can be of any origin.
- the method according to the invention can operate with initial data originating from a known colorimetric system, or from a colorimetric system whose spectral function can be measured or even be of any origin, for example when the colorimetric system is unavailable. or unknown (for example when the initial data is extracted from any database). This promotes the effectiveness of the method according to the invention, its ease of implementation and its universal character.
- the base change of the The conversion step can be performed by the Euclidean rotation matrix P.
- the Euclidean rotation matrix P can include a white balance matrix. This matrix can be a diagonal matrix if the projective axes of the hyperbolic projective frames are common.
- the at least one projected datum can be an image. The projected image can be of the same nature as the initial data.
- the method according to the invention does not lose any information during the step of converting the initial datum into a projected image. All the elements of the initial data are thus kept.
- the at least one projected datum can comprise three components:
- the at least one adapted piece of data may comprise three components:
- the projected datum and/or the adapted datum comprise an intensity component and two chrominance components defined by the hue and saturability components.
- the color information of the data is described according to a physiological approach to color by a human eye.
- the intensity component can preferably be a variable component. This ensures that the projected data is adapted to the light level of the colorimetric systems concerned. In this way, the intensity components of the data (projected, adapted) from one (hyperbolic) color space to another are related by a proportionality factor, which makes it easier to convert data from one color space ( hyperbolic) to another without losing any information.
- a computer program comprising instructions that can be executed by a computer device, which when they are executed, implement all the steps of the method according to the invention.
- the computer program can be in any computer language such as C, C++, JAVA, Python, machine language, etc.
- a computer device comprising means configured to implement all the steps of the method according to the invention.
- the data processing device can be a PC, a smartphone, a tablet, a calculation unit or any other computer and/or electronic device.
- the data processing device can be an electronic card comprising at least one analog component and/or at least one digital component.
- the data processing device can be a processor, a chip, a computer, etc.
- the computing device may include a CPU.
- the device can comprise at least one internet and/or external memory and a data bus connected to these memories.
- equipment for the conversion of at least one data item between at least one acquisition means and at least one display means, characterized in that it comprises :
- At least one acquisition means arranged to acquire at least one datum, called acquired datum, and/or
- At least one display means for displaying at least one datum, called displayed datum.
- the at least one acquired datum can correspond to the at least one initial datum, for example an rgb image.
- the at least one datum displayed can correspond to the at least one initial datum, for example rgb image, or the at least one projected datum.
- FIGURE 1A is a schematic representation of an example of CIE1931 XYZ spectral functions
- FIGURE 1B is a schematic representation of the colorimetric space associated with the spectral functions of the FIG part. AI;
- FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of a first non-limiting embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 3 is a schematic representation of a second non-limiting embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 4 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a design step according to the invention of a hyperbolic colorimetric space of a colorimetric system
- FIGURE 5 is a schematic representation of a first non-limiting embodiment of a conversion step of the method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 6A is a schematic representation of a second non-limiting embodiment of a conversion step of the method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 6B is a representation of all the elements making up the initial data of FIGURE 6A represented in a hyperbolic colorimetric space.
- FIGURE 7 a schematic representation of a third non-limiting embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 8 is a schematic representation of a third example of a hyperbolic colorimetric space design step according to the invention of a first colorimetric system from a spectral function of the first colorimetric system and from a step of designing the hyperbolic colorimetric space according to the invention of a second colorimetric system from a spectral function of the second colorimetric system;
- FIGURE 9 is a schematic representation of a fourth non-limiting embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 10 is a schematic representation of a fifth non-limiting embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 11 is a schematic representation of an example of several iterations of a method according to the invention.
- FIGURE 12 is a schematic representation of a first example of a device according to the invention.
- FIGURE 13 is a schematic representation of a second example of a device according to the invention.
- FIGURE 14 is a schematic representation of a first example of equipment according to the invention.
- FIGURE 15 is a schematic representation of a second example of equipment according to the invention.
- FIGURE IA illustrates three spectral functions, denoted respectively 102, 104, 106, according to a color space defined by the CIE1931 XYZ.
- FIGURE 1B illustrates a colorimetric space 108 defined from the spectral functions 102, 104, 106 of the FIG part. AI.
- the 108 color space is not hyperbolic.
- the colorimetric space 108 makes it possible to draw a chromaticity diagram 110, called CIE chromaticity diagram.
- the chromaticity diagram 110 is two-dimensional. Each dimension of the chromaticity diagram depends on a spectral functions 102, 104, 106 defined in FIGURE IA.
- FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a method 200 according to the invention.
- the method 200 illustrated in FIGURE 2 is a computer-implemented method.
- the method 200 relates to the conversion of at least one datum between a colorimetric space 204 of a first colorimetric system to a colorimetric space 206 of a second colorimetric system.
- the at least one initial datum 202 consists of at least one element expressed in a colorimetric benchmark, called the initial benchmark.
- the method 200 comprises the following steps:
- the colorimetric space 204, 206 of the first colorimetric system and of the second colorimetric system are each a hyperbolic space defined by a projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric.
- the initial datum 202 is an image 202 in R, G, B format.
- the element of the initial datum 202 is, in this example, a pixel comprising coordinates expressed in the reference initial which is an R, G, B marker.
- said initial datum 202 can comprise several pixels (i.e. elements).
- the conversion and adaptation steps are applied to all the pixels of the initial datum 202.
- the conversion step 208 corresponds to a step of change of frame to pass from the initial frame of type R, G, B to a projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric. In the case of FIGURE 2, this corresponds to a change of frame towards the projective frame with hyperbolic metric of the first colorimetric system.
- at least one mathematical operator is used in the conversion step 208 to express the element of the initial datum 202 in the hyperbolic colorimetric space of the first colorimetric system.
- the mathematical operator is a projection operator.
- the projection operator can include:
- the conversion step 208 provides the projected data 210.
- the transfer function can comprise an identity matrix.
- the projected datum 210 is an image and comprises as many elements (ie pixels) as the initial datum 202. Thus, no information is lost after the conversion step 208.
- the projected datum 210 comprises three components:
- the adaptation step 212 provides the adapted datum 214.
- the adapted datum 214 is an image and comprises as many elements (i.e. pixels) as the initial datum 202. Thus, no information is lost after the adaptation step 210.
- the adapted datum 214 comprises three components:
- the first colorimetric system is a camera and the second colorimetric system is a screen.
- the initial marker can be the R, G, B marker of the camera.
- the first colorimetric system is a first screen and the second colorimetric system is a second screen.
- the initial marker can be the R, G, B marker of the first screen.
- the first colorimetric system can be a display means or an acquisition means.
- the second colorimetric system can be a display means or an acquisition means.
- FIGURE 3 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a method 300 according to the invention.
- the method illustrated in FIGURE 3 includes all the steps of the method 200 illustrated in FIGURE 2.
- the method 300 comprises, prior to the conversion step 208, a step of designing 302 the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 of the at least one first colorimetric system from a spectral function of the at least a first colorimetric system.
- the method 300 comprises, prior to the conversion step 208, a step of designing 304 the hyperbolic colorimetric space 206 of the at least one second colorimetric system from a spectral function of the at least a second color system.
- FIGURE 4 is an example representation of the design step 302, 304 of the hyperbolic color space of a color system that can be implemented by the method 300 when the spectral function of the color system is known or can be measured. Following this example, this may be the design step 302 of the hyperbolic color space of the first color system and/or the design step 304 of the hyperbolic color space of the second color system.
- the spectral function 401 of the at least one first colorimetric system and/or of the at least one second colorimetric system may be known, for example if these colorimetric systems have already been used or else because the spectral functions of each colorimetric system have been given by the manufacturer.
- each design step 302, 304 can include the following steps:
- the spectral function 401 is that of an acquisition means, such as a camera capable of recording light comprising wavelengths in the visible.
- the spectral function 401 includes positive values.
- the spectral function 401 defined by three measurement vectors ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 , is projected into the orthonormal frame defined by three vectors ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 .
- the three vectors of the orthonormal coordinate system define a matrix noted
- the three vectors of the measurement frame define a matrix noted
- the spectral function 401 projected into the orthonormal frame can be obtained by the following formula:
- the decorrelation matrix G can be known. In this case, it suffices to apply the Math 1 formula to move from one marker to another.
- the decorrelation matrix G can be unknown. In this case, the decorrelation matrix can be calculated from the spectral function (in the measurement marker) of the colorimetric system considered by decorrelation of the spectral function of said system considered.
- is again projected into a projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric comprising three vectors ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 .
- the three vectors of the projective frame with hyperbolic metric define a matrix denoted
- the spectral function 401 projected into the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric can be obtained by the following formula:
- the Euclidean rotation matrix P is preferably known. [00136] Preferably, the Euclidean rotation matrix is written [Math 3]
- the last projection step 404 makes it possible to provide, at the output of the design step 302, 304, the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204, 206 of the colorimetric system considered by defining the cone and the unitary hyperboloid symmetrical with respect to the axis ⁇ 3.
- the unit hyperboloid and the cone can be related by a common metric defined preferably by a 4x4 matrix, preferably by a diagonal matrix including the diagonal values (-1/2, -1/2, 1, 1).
- the height of the cone on the ⁇ 3 axis can be adapted so that the first colorimetric system corresponds with the second colorimetric system.
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204, 206 of the colorimetric system is expressed in the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric.
- the projective reference with hyperbolic metric is defined by a black point 406 defining the origin of the reference, three base vectors denoted ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , and a white point defined by an affix on the sum vector of the three vectors of base denoted ⁇ .
- the three basis vectors ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 are orthogonal.
- the affix is equal to 1.
- the projective reference with hyperbolic metric can consist of an orthogonal reference defined by the vectors ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and of a direction of projection oriented along ⁇ 3.
- the projective frame with hyperbolic metric is a frame of the affine space of dimension 4 built on R 4 and can be written via the following formulation (0, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ ⁇ ) where 0 corresponds to the origin 406 of the frame and ⁇ corresponding to the white point.
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space comprises a convex cone 405, also denoted C below.
- the cone 405 is oriented on the white point ⁇ of the projective frame with hyperbolic metric.
- the cone 405 is oriented on the axis carried by the vector ⁇ 3 of the projective frame with hyperbolic metric.
- the cone 405 preferably has an opening of 20.5 .
- the vector ⁇ 3 of the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric is preferably unitary.
- the cone 405 can be defined according to the theory of Huseyin Yilmaz in the documents “On Color Perception”, Applied Research Laboratory, Sylvania Electronic Systems, Walham; and "Color Vision and New Approach to General Perception", Applied Research Laboratory, Sylvan Electronic Systems, A division of Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. Waltham, Massachusetts.
- the cone 405 may include an envelope.
- the cone envelope 405 is formed from Dirac distributions representing visible monochromatic colors.
- the envelope of the cone 405 is the place of the colors of maximum saturations. Each positive spectral function can be represented as a point inside the cone.
- the envelope of the cone represents the set of colors of pure hues at maximum saturability.
- ⁇ 3> is preferably unitary.
- the hyperbolic color space 204, 206 of the color system of FIGURE 4 also includes a unitary hyperboloid 408.
- the unitary hyperboloid 408 may represent the constant intensity metamerism space.
- FIGURE 5 is an example of schematic representation of the step of conversion 208 of two initial data F, G in a hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 of a colorimetric system (for example of the first colorimetric system) defined from the data spectral lines of said colorimetric space.
- FIGURE 5 includes a representation of a spectral function 502 of a datum F and a representation of a spectral function 504 of a datum G as well as the three vector components ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 of the spectral function of a colorimetric system.
- each initial datum F or G is represented in the hyperbolic colorimetric space of the colorimetric system defined on the basis of the spectral function of said colorimetric system.
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space is defined from the three vectors ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 defining the matrix
- the vector ⁇ 3 is unitary.
- the data F and G are polychromatic lights.
- the spectral functions of the initial data F and G can be expressed in the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric through a linear map, denoted oe.
- the linear map is defined as:
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204, 206 includes the cone 405 with an aperture of 20.5 . Further, in this example, the hyperbolic color space 204, 206 includes multiple hyperboloids.
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204, 206 of FIGURE 5 comprises the unit hyperboloid 408, also denoted H 1 , as well as a non-unit hyperboloid 505, of any intensity factor k, denoted H k .
- the unitary hyperboloid H 1 has an intensity factor k equal to 1.
- the cone 405 defines a hyperbolic metric represented by the nonunitary hyperboloid 505 denoted H k .
- the hyperbolic metric H k is defined by the formula: [Math 10]
- Any point X corresponds in this example to any color.
- the hyperboloid H k is written according to the following formula:
- any point X (ie color) inside the cone 405 belongs to a hyperboloid of intensity factor k given by the formula: [Math 12]
- This point X can be projected into the unitary hyperboloid 408 along a point x.
- any element expressed in any hyperboloid of factor k can be projected into a unitary hyperboloid H 1 .
- the point F belonging to the non-unit hyperboloid 505 H k is projected onto the unit hyperboloid 408 H 1 at a point f.
- a straight line 508 connects the origin of the projective frame with hyperbolic metric to the point F on the nonunitary hyperboloid H k 505.
- This straight line 508 is a projective straight line 508.
- the data F and G are positioned on the same projective line 508.
- the lights F and G are therefore metameric. These lights are therefore perceived in an equivalent way by the colorimetric systems.
- the lights being positive spectral functions, they are inscribed inside the cone 405.
- the point f of the light F is a pure color.
- the spectral function of the light F in the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric is expressed according to the spectral function 510.
- a proportionality factor links the data expressed in the unit hyperboloid H 1 to a non-unit hyperboloid HK.
- the intensity component k can be defined by:
- the saturability component s can be defined by: [Math 17]
- the hue component x can be defined by:
- the saturability s can define the openness of the color in the projective hyperbolic colorimetric space.
- FIGURE 6A is an example representation of the step 208 of the method 300 for converting an initial datum 202 into a hyperbolic colorimetric space of a colorimetric system.
- the spectral function of the colorimetric system from which the initial datum 202 originates is unknown and cannot be measured. Thus, only the initial datum 202 is known.
- the initial datum 202 is an image comprising pixels 602 expressed in R, G, B coordinates.
- each pixel 602 of the image 202 comprises three coordinates expressed according to the formula:
- the coordinates of the pixels 602 in the R, G, B space are merged with the coordinates of the pixels 602 in the orthonormal frame defined by the vector matrix
- the coordinates of each pixel 602 in the orthonormal frame can be written according to the formula
- the representation of the initial datum 202 (R, G, B image) in the hyperbolic colorimetric space of the colorimetric system is carried out by the conversion step 208.
- the conversion step 208 is carried out for each pixel 602 of the initial data 202 according to the following formula:
- Each pixel 602 of the initial datum 202 comprises coordinates in the hyperbolic colorimetric space.
- the conversion step is performed on all the pixels 602 (i.e. elements 602) of the initial data 202.
- FIGURE 6B is a representation of the pixels 602 of the initial datum 202 shown in FIGURE 6A in a hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 defined from the initial datum 202 of unknown origin.
- the component of intensity k of the initial datum 202 corresponds to points on a projective straight line.
- the projective straight line can be defined by a straight line which passes through the origin 406 of the projective reference frame with hyperbolic metric and which intersects a hyperboloid.
- the components of saturability s and hue x of the initial datum 202 correspond to coordinates in the unitary hyperboloid 408.
- Each pixel 602 is expressed according to a point in the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric with as coordinates a component of saturability, hue and an intensity factor k.
- FIGURE 7 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a method 700 according to the invention.
- the method illustrated in FIGURE 7 includes all of the steps of the method 300 illustrated in FIGURE 3 and FIGURE 4. Only the differences will be described.
- the spectral function of the at least one first colorimetric system and the at least one second colorimetric system are unknown. However, these spectral functions can be determined by measurements.
- the method 700 comprises, prior to the step of designing 302 the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 of the first colorimetric system and prior to the step of designing 304 the hyperbolic colorimetric space 206 of the second colorimetric system:
- the measurement step 702 and the design step 302 of the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 of the first colorimetric system are included in a calibration phase 706 allowing the definition of the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric of the first colorimetric system.
- the measurement step 704 and the design step 304 of the hyperbolic colorimetric space 206 of the first colorimetric system are included in a calibration phase 708 allowing the definition of the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric 206 of the second colorimetric system.
- the first colorimetric system and/or the second colorimetric system can comprise an acquisition means.
- the first colorimetric system and the second colorimetric system can be an acquisition means, such as a camera or a camera or a photon sensor. If the first colorimetric system and the second colorimetric system comprise an acquisition means, then the measurement step 702, 704 of the spectral function of the first colorimetric system and of the second colorimetric system can preferably be carried out by a spectrophotometer accompanied by a monochromator.
- each measurement step 702, 704 of the spectral function of the acquisition means of the first colorimetric system and of the second colorimetric system can comprise the following steps: - emission of a spectral light, called reference, by a monochromator, towards the means of acquisition of the first colorimetric system or second colorimetric system,
- a monochromator emits spectral light equivalent to a Dirac in the visible range. This light is then measured by a spectrophotometer and simultaneously sent into an objective of an acquisition means, for example into a camera.
- the R, G, B values delivered by the acquisition means for each light (Dirac) sent makes it possible to calculate the spectral function of the acquisition means.
- the first colorimetric system and/or the second colorimetric system can comprise a display means.
- the first colorimetric system and the second colorimetric system can be a display means, such as a screen. If the first colorimetric system and/or the second colorimetric system comprise a display means, then the step of measuring 702, 704 the spectral function of the first colorimetric system and of the second colorimetric system can preferably be carried out by a spectrophotometer.
- DV digital values
- ⁇ 1 > in this example) of the first colorimetric system is provided at the input of the design step 302 of the first hyperbolic color space 204 of the first color system.
- ⁇ 2 > in this example) in the measurement reference of the second colorimetric system is provided at the input of the step of design 304 of the second hyperbolic color space 206 of the second color system
- FIGURE 8 is an exemplary embodiment of a hyperbolic colorimetric space design step 302 of a first colorimetric system from a spectral function of the first colorimetric system and a design step of the hyperbolic colorimetric space 304 of a second colorimetric system from a spectral function of the second colorimetric system.
- FIGURE 8 includes a graph 801 comprising the spectral function 802 of the first colorimetric system expressed in the measurement marker and the spectral function 804 of the first colorimetric system expressed in the orthonormal marker.
- the spectral function 802 of the first colorimetric system expressed in the measurement marker comprises three color components denoted respectively 802 1 , 802 2 , 802 3 .
- the spectral function 804 of the first colorimetric system expressed in the orthonormal frame comprises three color components noted respectively 804 1 , 804 2 , 804 3
- FIGURE 8 includes a graph 805 comprising the spectral function 806 of the second colorimetric system expressed in the measurement marker and the spectral function 808 of the second colorimetric system expressed in the orthonormal marker.
- ⁇ >) comprises three color components denoted respectively 806 1 , 806 2 , 806 3 .
- ⁇ >) comprises three color components denoted respectively 808 1 , 808 2 , 808 3 [00194]
- the first colorimetric system can be an acquisition means while the second colorimetric system can be a display means.
- the projection step 404 makes it possible to obtain the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 of the first system colorimetric and for the second colorimetric system, the projection step 404 makes it possible to obtain the hyperbolic colorimetric space 206 of the second colorimetric system.
- the projective reference with hyperbolic metric associated with the first colorimetric system is defined in the same way as the projective reference with hyperbolic metric of the second colorimetric system.
- the hyperbolic color space 204, 206 of the first color system and of the second color system each comprise a unitary hyperboloid 408 and a convex cone 405.
- the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric of the first colorimetric system and of the second colorimetric system comprise a common projective axis.
- the common projective axis corresponds to the axis defined by the unit vector ⁇ 3.
- Each cone 405 is centered on the common projective axis.
- ⁇ 1 > is considered as the spectral function of the first colorimetric system in the measurement frame and a matrix
- the hyperbolic colorimetric space of the first colorimetric system must be able to commute with the colorimetric space of the second colorimetric system.
- the spectral functions ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 expressed in the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metrics of each colorimetric system to be able to carry out the adaptation step 212 between the first colorimetric system and the second color system.
- ⁇ 1 corresponding to the spectral function of the first colorimetric system in the projective frame with hyperbolic metric
- ⁇ 1 corresponding to the function spectral function of the first colorimetric system in the orthonormal frame
- ⁇ 1 corresponding to the spectral function of the first colorimetric system in the measurement frame P corresponding to the Euclidean rotation matrix and corresponding to the decorrelation matrix.
- ⁇ 2 corresponding to the spectral function of the second colorimetric system in the projective frame with hyperbolic metric
- ⁇ 2 corresponding to the spectral function of the second colorimetric system in the orthonormal frame
- ⁇ 2 corresponding to the spectral function of the second colorimetric system in the frame measurement
- P corresponding to the Euclidean rotation matrix
- G corresponding to the decorrelation matrix
- FIGURE 9 is a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a method 900 according to the invention.
- Process 900 shown in FIGURE 9 includes all of the steps of process 200 or 300 or 700 shown in FIGURES 2, 3, or 7.
- the initial datum is of known origin. Consequently, the spectral function of the colorimetric system from which the initial datum is derived is known.
- At least one of the colorimetric systems for example, the first colorimetric system comprises a distorted white point.
- the line between the black point and the white point (coordinate 1 according to ⁇ 3) is not collinear with a direction of projection.
- the method according to the invention can correct this error by performing a correction.
- the correction is carried out by a step of correcting the defective hyperbolic colorimetric space by using a hyperbolic rotation matrix denoted ⁇ .
- the white point of the hyperbolic projective marker of the first colorimetric system is defective.
- the conversion step 208 then comprises a step of correcting 902 the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 of the first colorimetric system.
- the correction step 902 is performed before the adaptation step 212.
- the correction step 902 provides the hyperbolic rotation matrix.
- the hyperbolic rotation matrix W also called the white balance matrix
- the adaptation step 212 can comprise a step of correcting the hyperbolic colorimetric space 206 of the second colorimetric system.
- FIGURE 10 is a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a method 1000 according to the invention.
- the process 1000 illustrated in FIGURE 10 includes all the steps of the process 200 or 300 or 700 illustrated in FIGURES 2, 3, or 7.
- the initial datum 202 is of unknown origin. Consequently, the spectral function of the colorimetric system from which the initial data is derived is unknown. Additionally, at least one of the colorimetric systems includes a distorted white point. The coordinates of the white point are unknown.
- the method 1000 illustrated in FIGURE 10 may comprise a preliminary phase comprising a step of measuring a white point in the initial datum 202 or determining a white point of the first colorimetric system and/or of the second colorimetric system.
- the preliminary phase can be performed before the adaptation step 212 and/or after the adaptation step 212.
- the white point can be determined by presenting a diffuse white in front of the first colorimetric system and/or the second colorimetric system.
- the white point of the step of measuring the white point can be determined directly from the initial datum, for example by locating a white object on the initial datum. The pixel corresponding to the selected white object will correspond to the white point.
- P the Euclidean rotation matrix making it possible to express the coordinates of the white point in the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric of the system considered.
- the second colorimetric system can comprise a distorted white point.
- the method 1000 can thus comprise a preliminary phase 1002 comprising a step 1004 of measuring a white point from the second colorimetric system. This step can be carried out before the adaptation step 212.
- the preliminary phase 1002 can thus supply the second colorimetric space 206 as well as the coordinates of the white point W i in the projective frame of reference with hyperbolic metric second colorimetric system.
- the adaptation step includes the correction step 902 as defined in FIGURE 9.
- the coordinates of the white point W' in the hyperbolic color space of the second color system are used to calculate the hyperbolic rotation matrix ⁇ according to the Math formula 29.
- the hyperbolic rotation matrix ⁇ intervenes in the transfer function of the adaptation step 212.
- the transfer function used in the adaptation step 212 includes a hyperbolic rotation matrix ⁇ .
- FIGURE 11 is a schematic representation of several iterations of process 200, or 300, or 700. [00219] Only the differences between the methods illustrated in FIGURES 2, 3 and 7 will be described.
- initial data items 202 a , 202 b , 202 c are illustrated.
- the initial data can be encoded in the same or different way.
- all the initial data 202 a , 202 b , 202 c are images in R, G, B format.
- the method 200, or 300, or 700 is iterated for each initial datum 202. There are as many iterations of the method 200, or 300, or 700 as there are initial datum 202. [00222] In this example, three initial data 202 is shown. In a non-limiting manner, the method 200, or 300, or 700 is iterated three times, denoted n a , n c and n c . By way of non-limiting example, the initial data is composed of several elements 602 (ie several pixels). Consequently, in each iteration of the method 200, or 300, or 700, the steps of conversion 208 and adaptation 212 are iterated for each element 602 of the initial datum 202.
- the projected datum 210 of the initial datum 202 is sent to several colorimetric systems called second colorimetric systems.
- the initial datum 202 is projected into a projected datum 210.
- the projected datum 210 is then transformed into several adapted datums 214.
- the projected data 210 is transformed into three adapted data denoted 214i, 2142, 2143.
- the method provides three adapted data 214.
- the adapted datum numbered 214i corresponds to the adapted datum 214 sent to a second colorimetric system comprising a hyperbolic colorimetric space denoted 206i.
- the adapted datum numbered 2142 corresponds to the adapted datum 214 sent to a second colorimetric system comprising a hyperbolic colorimetric space denoted 2062.
- the adapted datum numbered 2143 corresponds to the adapted datum 214 sent to a second colorimetric system comprising a hyperbolic colorimetric space denoted 2063.
- the second colorimetric systems are screens.
- the method 1100 illustrates the sending of several images encoded in the R, G, B space to several screens comprising a hyperbolic colorimetric space.
- FIGURE 12 is a schematic representation of a first example of a device 1200 according to the invention.
- the device 1200 is for example a calculation unit 1200.
- the device 1200 can be included in a computer.
- the device 1200 is arranged to implement the method 200 or 900 comprises:
- a conversion module 1202 configured to convert the initial datum 202 into a projected datum 210 by expressing all the elements 602 of the initial datum 202 in the colorimetric space of the first colorimetric system
- an adaptation module 1204 configured to adapt the projected datum 210 into the adapted datum 214 by expressing all the elements 602 in the hyperbolic colorimetric space of the second colorimetric system by using the transfer function linking the colorimetric spaces of the first system colorimetric and the second colorimetric system.
- the device 1200 is arranged to implement one or more iterations of the method 200.
- the conversion module 1202 can include a marker change module 1206 to implement the marker change step of the conversion step 208.
- the device 1200 can optionally comprise a correction module 1208 configured to correct the hyperbolic colorimetric space of the first colorimetric system and/or of the second colorimetric system by using the hyperbolic rotation matrix W.
- the correction module is configured and/or programmed to implement the correction step 902.
- FIGURE 13 is a schematic representation of a second example of a device 1300 according to the invention. Device 1300 includes all elements of device 1200.
- the device 1300 is for example a calculation unit 1300.
- the device 1300 can be included in a computer.
- the device 1300 is arranged to implement the method 200 or 300 or 700 or 900 or 1000 and further comprises a design module 1302 configured to design the hyperbolic colorimetric space 204 of the first colorimetric system from the function spectral function
- a single design module is used to design the hyperbolic colorimetric spaces of all the colorimetric systems involved in the method according to the invention.
- the device 1300 can comprise as many design modules as there are colorimetric systems involved in the method according to the invention. Therefore, each design module can be associated with a color system.
- each design module can be included in a calibration module configured to implement the calibration steps 706, 708.
- FIGURE 14 is a schematic representation of an example of equipment 1400 according to the invention.
- Equipment 1400 includes device 1200 or 1300 shown in FIGURE 12 or 13.
- the equipment 1400 comprises, by way of non-limiting example, a first colorimetric system 1402.
- the first colorimetric system 1402 is an acquisition means 1402 arranged to acquire at least one image.
- the at least one image acquired by the acquisition means 1402 is associated with the at least an initial datum 202.
- the acquisition means comprises a hyperbolic colorimetric space, called the first hyperbolic colorimetric space denoted 204.
- the equipment 1400 comprises, in this example, a second colorimetric system 1404.
- the second colorimetric system 1404 is a display means 1404, arranged to display the image acquired by the acquisition means.
- the image displayed by the display means is associated with the adapted datum 214.
- the display means comprises a hyperbolic colorimetric space, called the second hyperbolic colorimetric space denoted 206.
- the first color space 204 and the second color space 206 can be known or designed and/or measured as described in FIGURES 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10.
- FIGURE 15 is a schematic representation of an example of equipment 1500 according to the invention.
- Equipment 1500 includes device 1200 or 1300 shown in FIGURE 12 or 13.
- the equipment 1500 comprises several second colorimetric systems denoted 1404 1 , 1404 2 , 1404 3 .
- the second colorimetric systems 1404 are display means 1404.
- Each second colorimetric system 1404 comprises a hyperbolic colorimetric space 206 which is specific to it.
- Each second color space 206 can be known or designed and/or measured as described in FIGURES 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10.
- the projected data 210 is matched to the hyperbolic color spaces of each second color system 1404 1 , 1404 2 , 1404 3 .
- the device 1200 or 1300 supplies an adapted datum 214 to each second colorimetric system 1404.
- the adapted datum 214i is supplied to the second colorimetric system 1404 1 .
- the adapted datum 2142 is supplied to the second colorimetric system 1404 2 .
- the adapted datum 2143 is supplied to the second colorimetric system 1404 3 .
- Each adapted datum 214 depends on the spectral characteristics of the second colorimetric system on which it will be displayed.
- each display means is arranged to display the adapted image 214 associated with it.
- the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described. Many modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the present invention as described.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2023580523A JP2024525224A (ja) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | 色空間の間でデータを変換する方法 |
US18/574,917 US20240304161A1 (en) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | Method for converting data between colour spaces |
KR1020247002060A KR20240023625A (ko) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | 색공간들 사이에서 데이터를 변환하는 방법 |
EP22743762.1A EP4364131A1 (fr) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-29 | Procede pour la conversion de donnees entre des espaces colorimetriques |
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US20090033677A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Bezryadin Sergey N | Computer-implemented gamut mapping |
FR3085519A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-06 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procede de mesure d'un espace de couleur propre a un individu et procede de correction d'images numeriques en fonction de l'espace de couleur propre a l'individu |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20090033677A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Bezryadin Sergey N | Computer-implemented gamut mapping |
FR3085519A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-06 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procede de mesure d'un espace de couleur propre a un individu et procede de correction d'images numeriques en fonction de l'espace de couleur propre a l'individu |
WO2020048701A1 (fr) | 2018-09-04 | 2020-03-12 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Procede de mesure d'un espace de couleur propre a un individu et procede de correction d'images numeriques en fonction de l'espace de couleur propre a l'individu |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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IVAR FARUP: "Hyperbolic geometry for colour metrics", OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 22, no. 10, 14 May 2014 (2014-05-14), pages 12369, XP055579992, DOI: 10.1364/OE.22.012369 * |
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US20240304161A1 (en) | 2024-09-12 |
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