WO2023272564A1 - 基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝 - Google Patents

基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023272564A1
WO2023272564A1 PCT/CN2021/103448 CN2021103448W WO2023272564A1 WO 2023272564 A1 WO2023272564 A1 WO 2023272564A1 CN 2021103448 W CN2021103448 W CN 2021103448W WO 2023272564 A1 WO2023272564 A1 WO 2023272564A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
dam
turbine
spur
dam body
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PCT/CN2021/103448
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈橙
杜飞
李梓萱
闫慧
肖鸿
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福州大学
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Application filed by 福州大学 filed Critical 福州大学
Publication of WO2023272564A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023272564A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B8/04—Valves, slides, or the like; Arrangements therefor; Submerged sluice gates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/08—Machine or engine aggregates in dams or the like; Conduits therefor, e.g. diffusors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • F03B15/02—Controlling by varying liquid flow
    • F03B15/04—Controlling by varying liquid flow of turbines
    • F03B15/06—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically
    • F03B15/14—Regulating, i.e. acting automatically by or of water level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of river regulation, and in particular relates to a spur dam that changes the water permeability of a dam body based on a water turbine.
  • Spur dikes are widely used in regulation projects such as river courses or waterways. They can protect river bank slopes from scour damage caused by direct water erosion, and also play an important role in protecting water ecological diversity.
  • Most of the existing spur dikes are gravity spur dikes, and once the gravity spur dikes are built, the parameters such as height, length and water permeability cannot be changed, and it is impossible to make corresponding changes to different water flow patterns in wet and dry seasons.
  • the patent application number 201910814589.1 discloses a permeable spur dam that can adjust the angle with the river bank, including steel sheet piles, hoists and support frames, etc., so that the angle between the dam body and the river bank can be adjusted according to the actual water depth of the channel.
  • the flow velocity of the water flow is gradually slowed down.
  • the patent application number 202010984671.1 discloses a movable permeable pile spur dike and its operation method, including fixed rails, multiple moving rails, and multiple movable permeable piles, etc.
  • the shape of the dam body can effectively improve the stability of the spur dam and the application effect of eco-friendliness.
  • spur dikes Compared with traditional spur dikes, permeable spur dikes can effectively reduce the erosion of water flow on the dam body.
  • the operation of the spur dike is not universal because the length of the spur dike is constant and the water permeability of the spur dike is in a fixed range. It still lacks good self-adaptive adjustment ability, which is not conducive to the long-term use of spur dikes.
  • the existing dams with generator sets are generally throttling type, which is mainly used to convert the impact of water flow on the dam into the power of power generation.
  • the purpose is to improve the utilization efficiency of resources.
  • the role of protecting the river bank, and its construction cost is high, demolition and maintenance are difficult.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a spur dam that changes the water permeability of the dam body based on a water turbine, and the spur dam is beneficial to adjust and control the water permeability of the spur dam.
  • a spur dam that changes the water permeability of the dam body based on a hydraulic turbine, including a dam body, the dam body is connected with the river bank and the river bed, and the dam body is provided with a controller, a battery , a signal processor and a plurality of water turbines, the water turbine is mainly composed of a water turbine housing, a runner and a water wheel opening and closing gate;
  • the battery is electrically connected to the controller and each water turbine respectively through wires, and when water flows through the water turbine, the runner
  • the kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into electric energy and stored in the storage battery, which supplies power for the work of the controller and the operation of the opening and closing gate of the water wheel in the water turbine;
  • the controller is electrically connected to each water turbine and signal processor through signal lines, so as to Receive the control commands sent by the host computer or mobile terminal, and adjust the opening degree of the water wheel opening and closing gates in different turbines according to the control commands and different water level
  • a plurality of said dam bodies are built in the river channel to form spur dam groups, so as to improve the control effect on water permeability.
  • the dam body is fixed on the river bed perpendicular to the river bank, one end of the dam body is inlaid on the river bank and arranged in a "T" shape with the river bank, the dam body is 90° to the river bed, and the length of the dam body accounts for 1/4 of the river channel -1/2.
  • the river bank is excavated on the basis of the natural river bank, piled up gravel and poured with concrete; in the water level fluctuation area, the river bank is vertically arranged on the river bed; the river bed is smooth with the river bank after the excavation is leveled connect.
  • the controller, storage battery and multiple water turbines are arranged in the dam body along the dam root to the dam head, the storage battery and the controller are arranged on the innermost side of the dam body, and the storage battery is arranged above the controller;
  • the multiple Among the water turbines two of the same size are stacked in a group in the dam body, and the water turbine units are arranged in sequence along the dam root to the head of the dam, and the size of the water turbines increases gradually, and the size of the water turbine near the head of the dam is the largest;
  • the dam body is in the Both the dam head and the dam root are provided with the signal processor, and the signal processor is waterproofed, and the connection between the signal processor and the dam body is sealed and waterproofed.
  • the thickness of the casing of each water turbine is consistent with the thickness of the dam body.
  • the runner is mainly composed of water wheel blades and coils, the coil is arranged in the middle of the water wheel blades and connected with the water wheel blades, the water wheel opening and closing gates are set on the outside of the runners, and the front and rear sides of each water turbine are provided There is a filter.
  • the exterior of the water turbine casing is a square, and a hollow cylinder for installing coils and water wheel blades is opened inside the square; the water wheel blades are set in groups of 4 and arranged in an arc shape with the middle The coils are connected, and the top surface of the blade of the water wheel is an arc surface, and the arc surface is close to the hollow cylinder.
  • the storage battery includes a battery pack and connecting wires
  • the battery pack is mainly composed of 4 batteries respectively fixed in four quadrants of the battery pack, and each battery is connected to the runner of each water turbine.
  • the present invention has the following technical effects: It provides a spur dam that changes the water permeability of the dam body based on the water turbine, and can adjust the opening range of the water wheel's opening and closing gate according to different water levels to control the water permeability of the dam body , so that in the wet season, the water gate can be opened to increase the river crossing area to reduce the flow rate, and in the dry season, the water wheel gate can be closed to block part of the river, blocking up the water level, so as to meet the requirements of navigation.
  • the runner of the water turbine can convert the kinetic energy of part of the water flow into electrical energy to power the entire system, thereby realizing self-power without external power supply.
  • the present invention can meet the requirements of water level control and rational utilization of water energy in most rivers on the basis of simple structure, convenient construction, easy maintenance and low cost, and has strong practicability and broad application prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the spur dike in the river channel according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the dam body according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the water turbine in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the water turbine in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the storage battery in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 001-signal processor 002-battery; 003-controller; 004-turbine; 005-dam; 006-blade of water wheel; 007-coil; ;010-battery pack; 011-river bank; 012-river bed; 013-turbine chassis; 014-control cabinet; 015-generator; 016-main shaft; 017-gearbox; 018-hub;
  • this embodiment provides a spur dam that changes the water permeability of the dam body based on a hydraulic turbine, including a dam body 005, the dam body 005 is connected to the river bank 011 and the river bed 012, and the inside of the dam body 005
  • a controller 003, a battery 002, a signal processor 001 and a plurality of water turbines 004 are provided.
  • the water turbine 004 is mainly composed of a water turbine housing 009, a runner and a water wheel opening and closing gate 008;
  • the water turbine 003 is electrically connected with each water turbine 004. When the water flows through the water turbine, the runner converts the kinetic energy of the water flow into electric energy and stores it in the storage battery.
  • each water turbine 003 is electrically connected to each water turbine 004 and signal processor 001 through signal lines to receive control commands sent by the host computer or mobile terminal, and to adjust the opening and closing gates of the water wheels in each water turbine according to the control commands and different water levels.
  • the opening degree controls the water permeability of the spur dam.
  • the dam body 005 is the core of the whole spur dam, and there should be at least one dam body 005 in the river course.
  • multiple dam bodies 005 are built in the river channel to form a group of spur dams, so as to improve the control effect on water permeability.
  • the dam body 005 is fixed on the river bed 012 perpendicular to the river bank 011, and one end of the dam body is inlaid on the river bank and arranged in a "T" shape with the river bank. 1/4-1/2 of.
  • the river bank 011 excavates the bank slope on the basis of the natural river bank, accumulates gravel and pours it with concrete; in the water level fluctuation area, the river bank 011 is vertically arranged on the river bed 012; 011 is connected smoothly.
  • the controller 003, the storage battery 002 and a plurality of hydraulic turbines 004 are arranged in the dam body along the direction from the dam root to the dam head, the storage battery and the controller are arranged at the innermost side of the dam body, and the storage battery is arranged at the controller Above; among the plurality of water turbines, two of the same size are stacked in a group in the dam body, each water turbine set is arranged in sequence along the dam root to the head of the dam, and the size of the water turbines increases gradually, and the size of the water turbine near the head of the dam is the largest , except for necessary construction joints, the height of a single turbine casing accounts for about 1/2 of the height of the dam body.
  • the dam body 005 is provided with the signal processor 001 at both the dam head and the dam root, and the signal processor is waterproofed, and the connection between the signal processor and the dam body is sealed and waterproofed.
  • the signal processor 001 can transmit the received electrical signal to the controller 003, and the controller 003 analyzes and processes the information transmitted by the signal processor.
  • the thickness of the turbine shell of each turbine 004 is consistent with the thickness of the dam body.
  • the runner is mainly composed of water wheel blades 006 and coils 007.
  • the coils are arranged in the middle of the water wheel blades and connected to the water wheel blades.
  • a layer of filter screens are provided on the front and rear sides of each water turbine to prevent aquatic plants from winding the water turbine 004.
  • the opening and closing gate of the water wheel is set outside the runner, and the upper and lower sides of the opening and closing gate of the water wheel are provided with tracks, and the gate is opened and closed in a parallel push-pull manner.
  • the exterior of the water turbine casing is square, and a hollow cylinder for installing the coil 007 and the water wheel blades 006 is opened inside the square;
  • the water turbine includes 4 water wheel blades, and the water wheel blades are arranged in an arc Shaped and connected with the coil 007 in the middle, the top surface of the water wheel blade is an arc surface, and the arc surface is close to the hollow cylinder.
  • the structure of the storage battery is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the storage battery 002 includes a battery pack 010 and connecting wires.
  • the battery pack is mainly composed of 4 batteries respectively fixed in four quadrants of the battery pack, and each battery is connected with the runners of the water turbines 004 .
  • the electric wires and the battery pack are wrapped with waterproof materials and fixed on the storage battery to prevent dangers such as being washed away by water flow and conducting electricity.
  • the runner converts the kinetic energy of the water flow into electric energy, and transmits the generated electric energy to the storage battery 002 through wires to be stored in the battery pack 010 to provide energy for the spur dam system.
  • the dam body 008 When the water wheel opening and closing gate 008 is opened, the water flow can freely pass through the dam body 005, and at the same time, part of the water energy is converted into electric energy and stored in the battery pack 010 of the battery 002; when the water wheel opening and closing gate 008 is closed, the dam body is impermeable , the dam body structure is an airtight whole.
  • the battery 002 and the controller 003 are placed on the side of the dam body close to the river bank 011;
  • the ratio of the water turbine 004 to the dam gradually increases near the center of the river.
  • the spur dike structure acts as a permeable spur dike; therefore ,
  • the spur dike structure of the present invention can adjust the opening range of the opening and closing gate of the water wheel according to different water levels, and can maximize the control of the water level of the river and at the same time make rational use of water energy.

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Abstract

一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，包括坝体（005），所述坝体（005）与河岸（011）及河床（012）相连接，所述坝体（005）内设置有控制器（003）、蓄电池（002）、信号处理器（001）和多个水轮机（004），所述水轮机（004）主要由水轮机壳体（009）、转轮和水轮启闭闸门（008）组成；所述蓄电池（002）通过电线分别与控制器（003）和各水轮机（004）电性连接，水流过水轮机时转轮将水流的动能转换为电能储存在蓄电池中，蓄电池为控制器的工作以及水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的动作供电；所述控制器（003）通过信号线分别与各水轮机（004）和信号处理器（001）电性连接，以接收上位机或移动终端发送来的控制命令，以及根据控制命令及不同的水位情况调整各水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的开启程度，从而控制丁坝的透水率。该丁坝有利于调节控制丁坝的透水率。

Description

基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝 技术领域
本发明属于河道整治技术领域，具体涉及一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝。
背景技术
丁坝在河道或航道等整治工程中应用广泛，能保护河岸边坡不受水流直接冲蚀而产生掏刷破坏，同时也在保护水生态多样化方面发挥着重要作用。现有丁坝大多数为重力式丁坝，而重力式丁坝一旦建成以后，高度、长度及透水率等参数无法改变，无法对丰水期和枯水期的不同水流形态做出相应变化。国内目前已有对重力式丁坝存在的技术问题进行改进的一些有关透水丁坝的发明。
如申请号为201910814589.1的专利公开了一种可调整与河岸角度的透水丁坝，包括钢板桩、卷扬机及支撑架等构件实现了可根据实际航道水深的需要来调整坝体与河岸的夹角从而可使水流通过透水丁坝群时逐级减缓水流流速。又如申请号为202010984671.1的专利公开了一种可移动式透水桩柱丁坝及运行方法，包括固定轨道、多个移动轨道及多个可移动式透水桩柱等构件适应调整丁坝的透水率及丁坝坝体的形态，有效提高丁坝稳定性及生态友好的应用效果。
透水丁坝较传统丁坝有效减小了水流对坝体冲刷的侵蚀，但面对河流年内环境变化较大等情况时，因丁坝长度恒定及丁坝透水率处于固定范围，丁坝运行不具有普适性，仍缺乏较好的自适应调节能力，不利于丁坝的长期使用。
此外，现有带发电机组的坝体一般为节流型，主要用于将水流对堤坝的冲击转换为发电的动力，目的为提高资源的利用效率，其无法实现挑流，防止水流掏蚀及保护河岸的作用，且其建造费用高昂，拆除与维修困难。
技术问题
因此，亟需研发一种既可以保护河岸防止水流冲刷与淤积，又可以对不同时期水流大小做出相应变化并合理利用水流能量的丁坝结构。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，该丁坝有利于调节控制丁坝的透水率。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，包括坝体，所述坝体与河岸及河床相连接，所述坝体内设置有控制器、蓄电池、信号处理器和多个水轮机，所述水轮机主要由水轮机壳体、转轮和水轮 启闭闸门组成；所述蓄电池通过电线分别与控制器和各水轮机电性连接，水流过水轮机时转轮将水流的动能转换为电能储存在蓄电池中，蓄电池为控制器的工作以及水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的动作供电；所述控制器通过信号线分别与各水轮机和信号处理器电性连接，以接收上位机或移动终端发送来的控制命令，以及根据控制命令及不同的水位情况调整不同水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的开启程度，从而控制丁坝的透水率。
进一步地，在河道中建立多个所述坝体，形成丁坝群，以提高对于透水率的控制效果。
进一步地，所述坝体垂直于河岸固定在河床上，坝体一端镶嵌于河岸上并与河岸成“T”字形布置，坝身与河床呈90°，且坝身长度占河道的1/4-1/2。
进一步地，所述河岸在天然河岸的基础上开挖岸坡、堆积碎石并用混凝土进行浇筑；在水位变动区，所述河岸垂直布置在河床上；所述河床在开挖平整后与河岸平顺相接。
进一步地，所述控制器、蓄电池和多个水轮机在坝体内沿坝根向坝头方向设置，所述蓄电池和控制器布置在坝体最内侧，且蓄电池布置在控制器上方；所述多个水轮机中，尺寸相同的两个为一组叠放在坝体内，各水轮机组沿坝根向坝头方向依次布置且水轮机尺寸渐次增大，靠近坝头处的水轮机尺寸最大；所述坝体在坝头和坝根处均设置有所述信号处理器，并对信号处理器进行防水处理，对信号处理器与坝体的连接处进行密封防水处理。
进一步地，各水轮机的水轮机壳体厚度与坝体厚度保持一致。
进一步地，所述转轮主要由水轮叶片和线圈构成，线圈设置于水轮叶片中间并与水轮叶片连接，所述转轮外侧设置水轮启闭闸门，在各水轮机前后两外侧均设置有一层滤网。
进一步地，所述水轮机壳体外部为正方形，并在正方形内部开设有一个用于安装线圈和水轮叶片的透空筒体；所述水轮叶片4个一组并设置成弧形与中间的线圈相连接，水轮叶片的顶端面为圆弧面，且圆弧面与透空筒体贴近。
进一步地，所述蓄电池包括电池组和连接电线，所述电池组主要由分别固定在电池组内四个象限的4个电池组成，每一个电池均与各水轮机的转轮相连接。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下技术效果：提供了一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，可以根据不同的水位情况调整水轮启闭闸门开启的幅度来控制坝体的透水率，从而在丰水期可以打开水流启闭闸门，增加河流过水面积以降低 流速，而在枯水期可以关闭水轮启闭闸门堵截一部分河道，壅高水位，以达到通航等要求。此外，水轮机的转轮可以将部分水流的动能转换为电能为整个系统供电，从而实现自供电而无需外部供电。综上所述，本发明可以在结构简单、施工方便、易于维护、造价较低的基础上满足多数河道控制水位、合理利用水能的要求，具有较强的实用性和广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的丁坝在河道内的工作状态示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的坝体内部结构示意图。
图3是本发明实施例的实现原理框图。
图4是本发明实施例中水轮机的外部结构示意图。
图5是本发明实施例中水轮机的内部结构示意图。
图6是本发明实施例中蓄电池的内部结构示意图。
图中：001-信号处理器；002-蓄电池；003-控制器；004-水轮机；005-坝体；006-水轮叶片；007-线圈；008-水轮启闭闸门；009-水轮机壳体；010-电池组；011-河岸；012-河床；013-水轮机底盘；014-控制柜；015-发电机；016-主轴；017-齿轮箱；018-轮毂；019-偏航电机。
本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及技术方案更加清楚，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的实现进行详细的描述。
本实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，若有术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示方位或位置关系的词汇为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本专利的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
如图1-3所示，本实施例提供了一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，包括坝体005，所述坝体005与河岸011及河床012相连接，所述坝体005内设置有控制器003、蓄电池002、信号处理器001和多个水轮机004，所述水轮机004主要由水轮机壳体009、转轮和水轮启闭闸门008组成；所述蓄电池002通过电 线分别与控制器003和各水轮机004电性连接，水流过水轮机时转轮将水流的动能转换为电能储存在蓄电池中，蓄电池为控制器的工作以及水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的动作供电；所述控制器003通过信号线分别与各水轮机004和信号处理器001电性连接，以接收上位机或移动终端发送来的控制命令，以及根据控制命令及不同的水位情况调整各水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的开启程度，从而控制丁坝的透水率。
其中坝体005作为整个丁坝的核心，在河道中应至少包含一个坝体005。在较佳实施例中，在河道中建立多个所述坝体005，形成丁坝群，以提高对于透水率的控制效果。
所述坝体005垂直于河岸011固定在河床012上，坝体一端镶嵌于河岸上并与河岸成“T”字形布置，坝身与河床呈90°，且坝身长度应根据实际情况占河道的1/4-1/2。
所述河岸011在天然河岸的基础上开挖岸坡、堆积碎石并用混凝土进行浇筑；在水位变动区，所述河岸011垂直布置在河床上012；所述河床012在开挖平整后与河岸011平顺相接。
在本实施例中，所述控制器003、蓄电池002和多个水轮机004在坝体内沿坝根向坝头方向设置，所述蓄电池和控制器布置在坝体最内侧，且蓄电池布置在控制器上方；所述多个水轮机中，尺寸相同的两个为一组叠放在坝体内，各水轮机组沿坝根向坝头方向依次设置且水轮机尺寸渐次增大，靠近坝头处的水轮机尺寸最大，除留有必要施工缝后，单个水轮机壳体的高度约占所述坝体高度的1/2。
所述坝体005在坝头和坝根处均安置有所述信号处理器001，并对信号处理器进行防水处理，对信号处理器与坝体的连接处进行密封防水处理。信号处理器001可以将接收的电信号传递给控制器003，控制器003对信号处理器所传递的信息进行分析处理。
各水轮机004的水轮机壳体厚度均与坝体厚度保持一致。
本实施例中，水轮机的结构如图4、5所示。
所述转轮主要由水轮叶片006和线圈007构成，线圈设置于水轮叶片中间并与水轮叶片连接，各水轮机前后两外侧均设置有一层滤网，可以防止水生植物对水轮机004进行缠绕；在所述转轮外设置水轮启闭闸门，所述水轮启闭闸门上下两侧均设置有轨道，所述闸门采用平行推拉的方式进行启闭。
所述水轮机壳体外部为正方形，并在正方形内部开设有一个用于安装线圈007和水轮叶片006的透空筒体；所述水轮机包括4个水轮叶片，所述水轮叶片设置成弧形并与中间的线圈007相连接，水轮叶片的顶端面为圆弧面，且圆弧面与透空筒体贴近。
本实施例中，蓄电池的结构如图6所示。
所述蓄电池002包括电池组010和连接电线。所述电池组主要由分别固定在电池组内四个象限的4个电池组成，每一个电池均与各水轮机004的转轮相连接。所述电线与电池组用防水材料包裹后固定在蓄电池上，防止水流冲毁及导电等危险。
水流冲击水轮叶片006时转轮将水流的动能转为电能，并将产生的电能通过电线传递给蓄电池002储存在电池组010中，为丁坝系统提供能量。
在水轮启闭闸门008开启时水流可以自由通过坝体005，同时将部分水能转换为电能储存在蓄电池002的电池组010内；在水轮启闭闸门008关闭时坝体是不透水的，所述坝体结构为一个密闭的整体。
由于靠近河岸011的河道中水流流速较低，为了更好的利用水能，所述蓄电池002与控制器003放置在坝体内靠近河岸011的一侧；在坝体005中，由靠近河岸一侧到靠近河道中心处所述水轮机004占坝体的比例逐渐升高。
根据连续方程Q＝vA可知，流量一定时流速与过水面积呈反比，当枯水期水位较低需要减少过水面积时，监测员可以通过手机终端关闭水轮启闭闸门008，此时本丁坝结构只起到传统丁坝束水攻沙的作用。
同理，当丰水期水位较高需要增加河道过水面积时，打开水轮启闭闸门008，此时水流可以从水轮机004中穿过，此时本丁坝结构起到透水丁坝的作用；因此，本发明的丁坝结构可以根据不同的水位调整水轮启闭闸门的开启幅度，可以对河道水位起到最大控制作用的同时合理利用水能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，包括坝体，所述坝体与河岸及河床相连接，所述坝体内设置有控制器、蓄电池、信号处理器和多个水轮机，所述水轮机主要由水轮机壳体、转轮和水轮启闭闸门组成；所述蓄电池通过电线分别与控制器和各水轮机电性连接，水流过水轮机时转轮将水流的动能转换为电能储存在蓄电池中，蓄电池为控制器的工作以及水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的动作供电；所述控制器通过信号线分别与各水轮机和信号处理器电性连接，以接收上位机或移动终端发送来的控制命令，以及根据控制命令及不同的水位情况调整各水轮机中水轮启闭闸门的开启程度，从而控制丁坝的透水率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，在河道中建立多个所述坝体，形成丁坝群，以提高对于透水率的控制效果。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，所述坝体垂直于河岸固定在河床上，坝体一端镶嵌于河岸上并与河岸成“T”字形布置，坝身与河床呈90°，且坝身长度占河道的1/4-1/2。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，所述河岸在天然河岸的基础上开挖岸坡、堆积碎石并用混凝土进行浇筑；在水位变动区，所述河岸垂直布置在河床上；所述河床在开挖平整后与河岸平顺相接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，所述控制器、蓄电池和多个水轮机在坝体内沿坝根向坝头方向设置，所述蓄电池和控制器布置在坝体最内侧，且蓄电池布置在控制器上方；所述多个水轮机中，尺寸相同的两个为一组叠放在坝体内，各水轮机组沿坝根向坝头方向依次布置且水轮机尺寸渐次增大，靠近坝头处的水轮机尺寸最大；所述坝体在坝头和坝根处均设置有所述信号处理器，并对信号处理器进行防水处理，对信号处理器与坝体的连接处进行密封防水处理。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，各水轮机的水轮机壳体厚度与坝体厚度保持一致。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，所述转轮主要由水轮叶片和线圈构成，线圈设置于水轮叶片中间并与水轮叶片连接，所述转轮外侧设置水轮启闭闸门，在各水轮机前后两外侧均设置有一层滤网。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，所述水轮机壳体外部为正方形，并在正方形内部开设有一个用于安装线圈和水轮叶片的透空筒体；所述水轮叶片4个一组并设置成弧形与中间的线圈相连接，水轮叶片的顶端面为圆弧面，且圆弧面与透空筒体贴近。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于水轮机改变坝身透水率的丁坝，其特征在于，所述蓄电池包括电池组和连接电线，所述电池组主要由分别固定在电池组内四个象限的4个电池组成，每一个电池均与各水轮机的转轮相连接。
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