WO2023272405A1 - Système de gestion de batteries - Google Patents

Système de gestion de batteries Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023272405A1
WO2023272405A1 PCT/CL2021/050108 CL2021050108W WO2023272405A1 WO 2023272405 A1 WO2023272405 A1 WO 2023272405A1 CL 2021050108 W CL2021050108 W CL 2021050108W WO 2023272405 A1 WO2023272405 A1 WO 2023272405A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
charge
batteries
state
management system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2021/050108
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Pablo Martín POBLETE DURRUTY
Original Assignee
Andes Electronics Spa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andes Electronics Spa filed Critical Andes Electronics Spa
Publication of WO2023272405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023272405A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a management system for batteries, mainly for second-use heterogeneous batteries.
  • ERN non-conventional renewable energy sources
  • EV electric vehicle
  • LED lighting LED lighting
  • Some of the expected power quality issues associated with high ERN penetration are voltage fluctuation, reactive power flow, harmonic injection, and excessive neutral currents.
  • BESS Battery Energy Storage Systems
  • Second-life batteries cost significantly less than new ones, while still retaining most of their performance capabilities. Consequently, these batteries have the potential to overcome the barrier of the high investment cost of BESS and accelerate the massive integration of ERNs.
  • SLBESS Second Life Battery Storage Systems
  • the system receives a reference voltage, which is then divided among the N modules, thus providing an individual reference voltage for each module.
  • the state of charge of the battery is controlled by means of dc-dc voltage converters, which can take the charge from full connection to full disconnection. Furthermore, it is said that temperature overheating of each battery can be prevented by means of said converters.
  • the discharge cycle similarly, is controlled by means of current control.
  • US 9,222,985 shows an apparatus for managing a battery system, including a plurality of battery modules connected in series, such that the performance of each module is measured, wherein each module is disconnected if its performance falls below a reference performance . It is said that if a battery is far below others, it is considered as degraded, and it is disconnected from the series. In particular, it is also mentioned that temperature could be considered to disconnect a module.
  • US 2012/0256593 describes a system for managing the charging of different batteries. The problem that occurs when connecting multiple batteries with different capacities, where charging is achieved only up to the maximum voltage of one of the batteries, while discharging is limited to the minimum voltage of one of the batteries, is mentioned.
  • the proposed solution is to charge through a current a series of batteries arranged in series, current that stops when the maximum voltage of the battery with the lowest maximum voltage is reached. A circuit then takes over to finish charging for the other batteries, until a maximum charge can be obtained on all, if possible. Another circuit checks the states of charge of each battery continuously, until the charge is the most balanced among all the batteries.
  • US 6,239,579 comprises a device for estimating the capacity of a series of batteries that define a battery pack, through a main controller (PLC).
  • the battery pack is made up of a plurality of battery modules, where each module can be connected and disconnected separately through respective charge/discharge means, depending on current parameters for the complete pack, or for each one separately.
  • PLC main controller
  • EP 0660489 shows an energy storage system, composed of a second-use battery, such that it provides an efficient use of its residual energy. It is described that there are means to check the state of the battery (such as ad hoc sensors). A plurality of energy storage units are connected to the battery, which is connected to the charge/discharge unit.
  • WO 1991/005,395 deals with a voltage control device for powering a vehicle, where two batteries, which provide said power, are charged in such a way that priority is given to the one with the lowest state of charge during charging. According to clause 2 of said document, there is a controller (comparison device) for each battery. There is also talk, in clause 3 of this document, of supplying a reference voltage.
  • Figure 1 shows an industrial testing topology
  • FIG. 2 shows a battery pack according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the connection schematic for the BMS control boards.
  • Figure 4 shows a high current PCB from the battery arrays.
  • Figure 5 shows a Minion PCB, which performs data analysis on its own MCU to be sent to the Primary Controller.
  • Figure 6 shows a CAN Distribution PCB, which is a board that is responsible for carrying out the communication through the CAN BUS of the information to the primary Controller.
  • Figure 7 shows a Primary Controller, in charge of Perform correct operation and balancing of battery arrays.
  • the present invention provides a battery management system, where use is made of an inverter-type configuration connected to the grid with DC-link controllable by an intelligent battery pack, which is shown in Fig. 2.
  • an intelligent battery pack which is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the invention will deliver a main benefit to second-use batteries, it is also possible to use it with new batteries, or in combination with new batteries.
  • a second-life battery is understood to be the use of a single cell of a certain chemistry, or a battery pack that includes multiple connections in series and/or parallel between cells.
  • Each battery is connected to a Half-Bridge (HB) converter, which can be switched by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or simply low-frequency on-off signals.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • each cell of the second life package is monitored in terms of voltage and temperature, through a local controller that has its respective measurement hardware, a gate-driver stage to generate the HB trips, and CAN communication lines to communicate with a primary controller.
  • the parameters of the electrical and thermal model of each battery are also incorporated as part of the characterization of each one in the system.
  • the HBs do not operate as DC-DC, but are simply used to connect or disconnect each battery module. In this sense, it is not necessary to use large passive components in each of the battery modules.
  • the HBs connect or disconnect the batteries based on the control signal received by the local controller.
  • This controller makes estimates of the state of charge of each of the cells that make up the battery pack based on its measurements, to then send all these variables to a primary controller that groups the information of the entire battery storage system. .
  • This primary controller also receives an output voltage reference for the entire intelligent battery pack, that is, for the sum of the voltages connected by the HBs. Considering the state of charge, temperature of each battery and the voltage reference for the entire battery pack, the primary controller configures the HBs with a rule-based control law (expert controller) in order to balance the state of charge of the batteries and keep the maximum temperature of each of these limited.
  • the proposed system is fault tolerant, since when using HBs it allows electronically disconnecting batteries that present faults such as internal short circuits or accelerated degradation, without the need to interrupt the operation of the system.
  • the primary controller takes information on current, voltage, temperature and its SoC (State of Charge), to make predictions of the SoH (State of Health) of each battery. As indicators of the SoH, the internal resistance, the energy capacity and the maximum power of each battery are considered. These parameters can also be estimated locally on each local controller and sent to the primary controller. For this, the local controllers can consider their measurements and apply a non-linear Raiman filter.
  • these historical data can be stored in an online database, allowing predictions to be made and fault identification based on an Artificial Intelligence tool that compares historical performance with the most recent. In this way, batteries that have had or are expected to have a considerable decline in their performance (capacity, temperature, maximum power) can be identified and must be taken out of operation permanently.
  • the controller For the controller to present good performance in balancing the state of charge and temperature, it is necessary that there is redundancy in the total voltage available with the battery packs and the reference voltage for the controller. Thanks to this redundancy, the controller assigns more connection seconds to batteries with higher capacity and lower temperature at the time of discharge, in relation to batteries with lower capacity, or that have high temperatures due to their higher internal resistance. This idea is also reinforced when batteries with a bad "State of Health” and/or "State of Charge” go out of operation permanently, since another battery that was not being operated up to that moment must be entered into the system and that Thanks to redundancy, the system allows cells to be discarded without reducing the total performance of the system.
  • the system includes a number of batteries such that the sum of the nominal voltages of the battery packs is greater than to the reference voltage, that is, there are redundant voltage levels in the batteries to be able to obtain the reference voltage.
  • the invention is based on a configurable battery pack, which does not have the capacity to vary the voltage of each battery in a continuous range, but only decides whether or not each battery is directly connected to the total array.
  • the described invention refers to a management system for batteries, comprising: a primary controller; one or more battery packs, each including: a battery, each battery having a specified level of maximum charge, minimum charge, maximum current, equivalent circuit model parameters, and thermal model parameters; and means for connecting or disconnecting their respective battery; where the primary controller receives a reference voltage for the sum of the battery pack voltages; where, during system charging, the primary controller sends connect/disconnect signals to each battery set according to a priority list, where: each battery is connected if:
  • the primary controller sends connect/disconnect signals to each battery set according to a priority list, where: each battery connects if:
  • the reference voltage must be greater than or equal to the sum of the voltages of the battery packs; each battery is disconnected if:
  • the reference voltage must be less than or equal to the sum of the voltages of the battery packs.
  • the difference is defined as the subtraction between the first and second parameters.
  • each battery can be new or second life.
  • each battery pack comprises a local controller that drives the means for connecting or disconnecting the respective battery.
  • the means for connecting or disconnecting the respective battery is a half bridge.
  • the half bridge can be switched by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the half bridge is switched by low frequency on and off signals.
  • the primary controller takes information on current, voltage, temperature and its SoC (State of Charge), to make predictions of the SoH (State of Health) of each battery. ; where, as indicators of the SoH, the internal resistance, energy capacity and maximum power of each battery.
  • historical data is stored in an online database, allowing predictions and failure identification using an Artificial Intelligence tool that compares historical performance with the most recent.
  • the historical data identifies batteries that have had, or are expected to have, a significant decline in performance (capacity, temperature, peak power) and must be taken out of operation permanently.
  • the SoH flags are estimated locally on each local controller and sent to the primary controller.
  • each local controller considers its measurements and applies a non-linear Raiman filter.
  • the redundant voltage levels in the batteries in order to obtain the reference voltage, are obtained by adding the nominal voltages of the battery sets that are greater than the reference voltage.
  • the nominal voltage is a parameter defined at the beginning, for each battery.
  • FIG. 1 shows the complete end-to-end system. Where its different components are described below:
  • Modular SLBESS (100): It consists of the main component, and it is where the active balancing of the different batteries occurs. This is done from the BMS system, which will be described in detail below.
  • Grid Connected Inverter 200 - Grid Connected Inverter: It consists of a single-phase or three-phase commercial inverter.
  • Isolation Transformer and Filter in L 300 - L-filter and isolation transformer: It consists of a current filter and transformer that allows the device to be isolated from the network and raise the voltage or reduce it if necessary, these components are can be obtained commercially.
  • L 300 - L-filter and isolation transformer
  • the system is made up of 4 devices, listed below:
  • the board (1) ( Figure 3), considers the connection of an array of N cells, depending on the resolution required, where the most positive terminal is connected to CELL+ and the most negative to CELL- .
  • CELL_OUT is the positive terminal of the final array of cells and together with the negative terminal of the first board (1), they energize the given power converter. Its schematic is in Figure 4.
  • the board (2) is connected to the board (1) ( Figure 3) and also to the points between cells arranged during the fabrication of the N-cell array. Its schematic is in Figure 5.
  • the board (3) can be considered an expansion board that allows the connection of boards (2) to be extended to the CAN bus controlled by the board (4). Its schematic is in Figure 6.
  • the board (4) fulfills the control of the BMS system through the CAN_A bus, however, it receives commands from a supervisory system through the CAN_B bus for the execution of its functionalities.
  • the CAN_A bus is connected to the first board (3).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de gestion pour des batteries, qui comprend: un contrôleur primaire; un ou plusieurs ensembles de batterie incluant chacun: une batterie, chaque batterie possédant un niveau spécifique de charge maximale, de charge minimale, de courant maximum, les paramètres du modèle de circuit équivalent et les paramètres du modèle thermique; et des moyens pour connecter ou déconnecter leur batterie respective.
PCT/CL2021/050108 2021-06-29 2021-11-11 Système de gestion de batteries WO2023272405A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CL1741-2021 2021-06-29
CL2021001741A CL2021001741A1 (es) 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 Un sistema de gestión para baterías

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023272405A1 true WO2023272405A1 (fr) 2023-01-05

Family

ID=80444681

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CL2021/050108 WO2023272405A1 (fr) 2021-06-29 2021-11-11 Système de gestion de batteries

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CL (1) CL2021001741A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023272405A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101777675A (zh) * 2009-01-14 2010-07-14 常州麦科卡电动车辆科技有限公司 均衡充电方法及均衡充电器
US9246337B2 (en) * 2010-04-23 2016-01-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Battery pack and battery pack controller
US10848098B2 (en) * 2016-12-11 2020-11-24 Sandeep Agarwal Smart energy storage system
US10910606B2 (en) * 2017-02-08 2021-02-02 Relectrify Holdings Pty Ltd Battery system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101777675A (zh) * 2009-01-14 2010-07-14 常州麦科卡电动车辆科技有限公司 均衡充电方法及均衡充电器
US9246337B2 (en) * 2010-04-23 2016-01-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Battery pack and battery pack controller
US10848098B2 (en) * 2016-12-11 2020-11-24 Sandeep Agarwal Smart energy storage system
US10910606B2 (en) * 2017-02-08 2021-02-02 Relectrify Holdings Pty Ltd Battery system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CL2021001741A1 (es) 2021-12-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11532947B2 (en) Combination wind/solar DC power system
Kim et al. Power electronics-enabled self-X multicell batteries: A design toward smart batteries
US9537328B2 (en) Battery management system and method of driving the same
ES2555413T3 (es) Esquema de conexión en DC para parque eólico con red de recogida interna en MVDC
US20160359329A1 (en) Battery control system and method
US10424923B2 (en) Scalable and flexible cell-based energy storage system
CN106816884A (zh) 能量存储系统
ES2873750T3 (es) Sistema de batería híbrida
EP2574075A2 (fr) Système de batteries
US9478981B2 (en) Battery system having identifiers and energy storage system including the same
ES2659450T3 (es) Convertidor directo de corriente alterna modular sin transformador con almacenamiento de energía distribuido
CN103165947A (zh) 蓄电装置及其维修方法
KR20140128468A (ko) 배터리 밸런싱 장치 및 방법
US20140152100A1 (en) Power storage system and driving method thereof
KR20140064859A (ko) 모듈식 ｄｃ 발생기들에 의해 생산되는 전기 에너지의 발생, 저장 및 공급을 위한 시스템 및 상기 시스템을 관리하기 위한 방법
US10491013B2 (en) Battery system having battery manager
KR20170019971A (ko) 배터리 팩 및 이를 포함하는 에너지 저장 시스템
JP2012244843A (ja) 電池システム
EP3846304A1 (fr) Chargeur portable à l'usage des voitures électriques
JP2012205384A (ja) 蓄電池集合体制御システム
WO2023272405A1 (fr) Système de gestion de batteries
US20220216716A1 (en) Plug-in type energy storage system
KR20230107278A (ko) 동력 전지의 충전 방법, 충전 장치 및 충전 시스템
KR102340097B1 (ko) 배터리 관리 방법 및 장치
US20230207937A1 (en) Reconfigurable architecture for stationary energy storage system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 21947375

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 21947375

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1