WO2023249578A1 - Hybrid thermochromic, nanotechnological coatings for aluminum terminal blocks used in electrical components - Google Patents
Hybrid thermochromic, nanotechnological coatings for aluminum terminal blocks used in electrical components Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023249578A1 WO2023249578A1 PCT/TR2022/050660 TR2022050660W WO2023249578A1 WO 2023249578 A1 WO2023249578 A1 WO 2023249578A1 TR 2022050660 W TR2022050660 W TR 2022050660W WO 2023249578 A1 WO2023249578 A1 WO 2023249578A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- silane
- thermochromic
- pigment
- nanoparticles
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylsilane Chemical compound S[SiH3] TXDNPSYEJHXKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical group C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012644 addition polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium triethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Al](OCC)OCC JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009918 complex formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093858 ethyl acetoacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=C[CH]C=CC3=CC2=C1 RMBPEFMHABBEKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012262 resinous product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N spironolactone Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@H]3[C@@]4(C)CCC(=O)C=C4C[C@H]([C@@H]13)SC(=O)C)C[C@@]21CCC(=O)O1 LXMSZDCAJNLERA-ZHYRCANASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002256 spironolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001331 thermoregulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/26—Thermosensitive paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K3/00—Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
- G01K3/005—Circuits arrangements for indicating a predetermined temperature
Definitions
- the invention relates to the nanotechnological hybrid, reversibl thermochromic coating which detect the changes that will occur due to overheating for Aluminium terminals used in electrical components.
- the invention is especially related with a coating originating from inorganic organic polymerization, doped with SiO2 nanoparticles, having the ability to change color at 70 °C and above and return to its former color when the temperature decreases. It can be applied with different coating methods and final coating material has long durability on metal surfaces with its increased hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance behaviors.
- condensation polymerization occurs when the building blocks combine during the monomer addition by removing small molecules such as alcohol, water, ammonia from the long skeleton formed. Especially the double bonds in the addition polymers join each other in a geometrical order by radical polymerization. Although other polymerization ways or examples exist, industrially important polymers and composites usually occur in these two types of polymer formation techniques.
- condensation polymers polyurethane formation, polyamide formation and sol-gel polymerization in inorganic organic polymer structures seem particularly important. Said polymer structures are generally thermally cured and known for their highly developed mechanical and physical properties.
- Nanocomposite materials using polymeric structures consist of several different phases and one of these phases is in nanometric structure. If one of the phases is in nanometric level, a special interface is formed between the polymer and the nanostructure and the nanocomposite structure obtained due to the very large surface area of the nanometric structure causes very special mechanical and chemical properties. The ratio of surface area to volume allows to improve structure and properties to obtain new products in pharmaceutical, plastic composites, medical and energy materials.
- sol-gel method is a way that was frequently used recently. Since it allows inorganic and organic hybrid structures to be combined at the molecular level, it provides wide advantages.
- sol-gel technology is a method that can be explained on the basis of silica format, on from the Silicontetrahydroxide. If alkoxysilane compounds are taken as the beginning precursors of the reaction, a siloxane network is formed through hydrolysis and condensation reactions, as well as water and alcohol removal. Oligomers are formed first and then the inorganic polymer structure is formed.
- TEOS tetraethoxy silane
- organic modified trialkoxysilane structures interesting materials with new properties can be produced by mixing epoxy, polyurethane, PVC, polyamide structures together with nanoparticles or quantum dots homogeneously. These materials are converted into structures with superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, scratch resistant, abrasion resistant, enhanced optical properties and self-cleaning properties in addition to the general features of natural materials.
- nanoparticles used in nanocomposite structures plays an active role to develop novel optical and chemical properties as well as to prevent agglomeration of the particles due to unsaturated atoms on the surface. Therefore, it is known that the agglomeration phenomenon can be prevented by surface passivation by methods of attaching different polymeric or surface active agents, adsorption of different ligands to the surface. With these structures containing different numbers of attaching groups (dendates) adhered to the surface by physical or chemical means, the particle surface is protected from external factors and at the same time, nanocomposite dispersion is facilitated.
- the nanoparticles can be obtained by bottom up or top down methods.
- La-Mer theory offers a linear formation theory in the synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles.
- the Stober method can be used for particles that were surface modified and and size controlled in the fabrication of SiO2 nanoparticles.
- thermochromic structure that changes color with an adhesive or polymer structure, such as asphalt or cement, or that can be mounted on a traffic sign. This structure is used as an indication that the surface is at a temperature close to or below the freezing point of water.
- JP11323708 A2 which is one of the patent applications of the Japanese, defines a composition containing microencapsulated pigment that changes color reversibly with temperature increase.
- This polymer composition can be used in the form of a mesh and defines a thermoplastic resin.
- thermochromic indicator can be obtained with a thermochromic ink or a luminescent thermochromic mixture.
- US 9404200 B2 describes a thermochromic building material. In this way, color-controlled materials were produced by means of 3D printing. This material, which can change color through the melting or extrusion process, is clearly defined.
- thermoregulatory nano-coatings for paper materials are described.
- a nanostructured phase change material and a protective layer are used together.
- top coatings or surface paints that respond sensitively to temperature are obtained.
- EP3816243 Al describes a thermochromic dye that can be printed by the ink jet method.
- This paint contains an organic solvent, a binder containing at least one resin, heat and moisture sensitive pigment and another pigment formulation to act as a temperature sensor and humidity sensor.
- a special composition is created by choosing the pigment color and paint color complementary to each other, and this composition is compatible with the system called ink jet. As a result, a pigment formulation with thermochromic properties is obtained.
- thermochromic leuco dyes and a multimicroencapsulation structure associated with this structure.
- a thermochromic emulsion formulation emerges from a polymeric coating, an oil-based solvent, microencapsulation of thermochromic pigments and combining this structure with a water-based gelatin and polyamide or polyurea type structure.
- the present invention relates to nanotechnological coatings that change color reversibly with temperature for aluminum terminal blocks used in electrical components, which meet the above- mentioned requirements, eliminate all disadvantages and provide bring some additional advantages.
- the invention is inspired by current situations and aims to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages.
- the main objective of the present invention is to obtain a coating material that can be formed with a size-adjustable SiCT nanostructure, an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer structure, an epoxy-containing resin, a microencapsulated pigment structure and preferably together with surface agents, can be applied to aluminum surfaces and can change color around 70°C.
- a paint mixture with enhanced nanotechnological and physical properties, which can provide reversible color transformation on the applied metal surfaces can be defined.
- Another objective of the invention is to obtain a nanotechnological coating that changes color and can be applied by spray method which will be used on aluminum terminal blocks used in electrical components. In this way, excessive temperatures generated by electrical leakages can be determined.
- the nanotechnological mixture developed within the scope of the invention contains the desired and modifiable ratio and chemical properties.
- Figure 1 Cross sectional view SEM image for thermochromic surface coating.
- Figure 2 SEM images of SiCE nanoparticles used to improve the physical properties of the thermochromic hybrid system.
- thermochromic nanocomposite coating for metal surfaces is described in such a way that it does not have any limiting effect on the production of hybrid, thermochromic nanocomposite coating for metal surfaces.
- the coating comprises at least one thermochromic pigment encapsulated, SiCE nanoparticles that are used to improve physical properties and whose sizes can be controlled, at least one epoxy resin, at least one silane initiator compound, at least one aluminum compound suitable for use as a curing agent.
- thermochromic pigment encapsulated, SiCE nanoparticles that are used to improve physical properties and whose sizes can be controlled, at least one epoxy resin, at least one silane initiator compound, at least one aluminum compound suitable for use as a curing agent.
- solvents EtOH, IPA, Butyl Glycol, Acetone
- Solvents are components that are preferably used to adjust viscosity and are an input to the coating.
- Coating can be applied on metal surfaces with preparation of a homogeneous coating formulation. In this way, by using different application methods, it defines a system that can change color and become transparent at 70 ⁇ 2 °C on aluminum terminals. Theoretically reversibl thermochromic effect is stable infinitely and coating formulation has strength on surfaces.
- the aluminium compund used in the invention can be composed of different alkoxide components of aluminum.
- Aluminum trisecondary butoxide, aluminum triethoxide, aluminum triisop yloxide type components can be given as examples.
- complex-forming ligands such as ethylene diamine, EDTA, acetylacetone, ethylacetoacetate
- the airsensitive feature of the aluminum alkoxide compound is blocked and a stable complex is formed.
- the ligands mentioned herein are added directly to the alkoxide compound in different equivalent amounts for complex formation.
- the exothermic reaction during the formation of this complex should be controlled.
- Aluminum compound is added to the system after sufficient mixing and dispersion. After this addition, dispersion continues, preferably for 30 minutes or another more suitable time. It is more convenient to store the aluminum compound in a nitrogen and argon environment due to its rapid hydrolysis and condensation properties.
- the silane precursor compounds are epoxy silane, mercapto silane, aminosilane, tetraethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane etc. and / or their mixed mixtures in different equivalent amounts.
- the properties and contents of these mixtures are adjusted by determining the properties of the material to be obtained in the final. Different starting amounts can be mixed, for example for water repellency or crosslinking properties, or for secondary polymerization purposes different side groups are vectorized.
- Said silane precursor compound is prepared alone or with other functional silane compounds by adding the necessary amounts of water for hydrolysis and condensation. Hydrolysis and condensation rate are important and it is necessary to pay attention to this point while preparing the mixtures.
- the said water addition is made in proportion to the calculation of the alkoxide amounts.
- mixtures after hydrolysis and condensation for at least 12 hours are considered usable.
- mixtures containing amine groups should be used more quickly as they cause additional polymerization.
- the rate of hydrolysis and condensation is important in the preparation of these mixtures and it is necessary to pay attention to this condensation rates while preparing the mixtures.
- Trialkoxy silanes which having functional side groups may not form a transparent mixture when compared with other silanes because their hydrolysis and condensation rates are different. However, since the nanocomposite structure to be obtained will already contain a black-based color, such differences are of little importance.
- This silane mixture contains different functional groups and side groups suitable for cross-linking for the next step, and at the same time, a suitable environment should be provided for the removal of the condensation products, which we call shrinkage after hydrolysis and condensation.
- the silane mixture is mixed in certain proportions and acidic water is added proportinally to the calculation of the alkoxide amounts.
- the Stober method was used in a modified way to obtain SiO2 nanoparticles.
- the surface and dimensions of these nano-sized particles can be precisely controlled.
- base is added to the system mixed which is composed of Isopropyl alcohol and distilled water. In this system, especially ammonia, methylamine type bases can be used.
- silane initiators can be added to this reaction environment individually or in a mixed manner to produce surface modified particles.
- Nanoparticles are obtained in a spherical manner after the reaction carried out at a certain rpm speed and at room temperature. If the surface is desired to be modified, TEOS initiator can be used with trialkoxysilans. As the reaction volume increases, the volume ratios can change. After the fabrication, the nanoparticles are washed with water and alcohol-based solvents at the end of the reaction, dried and stored for the nanocomposite structure after chemical analysis, crystallinity and thermal characterization.
- the resulting nanoparticles are obtained in a very precise monodisperse and size controllable manner, as evidenced by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses.
- additional additives provided by S iO 2 nanoparticles such as anti-scratch, filling properties and hardness strengthen the nanotechnological character of the coating.
- Particles such as ZrC>2, AI2O3, SiC, BN can also be used instead of monodisperse SiCL-
- it is important that the dimensions are nano-sized and transparent polymers that will show transparent properties and that they will not prevent thermochromic color change.
- the nanoparticles used should have properties like SiCT nanoparticles. The important thing is not the presence of monodisperse particles, but the particles that provide the formation of a transparent polymeric structure due to their size.
- Epoxy resins are used to modulate the chemical and physical properties of the nanocomposite structure.
- other desired epoxy resins can also be used.
- Said epoxy resins are added to the coating mixture and mixed preferably at a speed of around 2000 - 4000 rpm. This mixing time can preferably be between 2-4 hours depending on the homogeneity.
- linear epoxies can be preferred in order to prevent unwanted yellowing of the nanocomposite.
- both structures are suitable for the invention.
- the thermal resistance of aromatic structures is suitable for the system.
- thermochromic encapsulated pigment a pigment that changes color reversibly at 70 C and above, transforms from black-dark green to a transparent state is used.
- LCR HALLCREST Reversible Thermochromic Screen Ink 70 pigment is used as the active thermochromic agent.
- Thermochromic capsules consist of a dye called leuco, dye improvers, and components that serve to control temperature. It generally contains structures smaller than 10 microns.
- thermochromic pigment For the synthesis process, first of all, the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of alkoxysilanes are completed and nano-sized SiCL nanoparticles are added to each other and homogenization takes place with the addition of epoxy resin. A stirring speed of 1500 rpm to 3000 rpm can be used. Then, after adding the thermochromic pigment, homogenization is completed in approximately 4-6 hours with a controlled dispersion rate. The expression “low mixing speed” in the text represents the 500-800 rpm range. Otherwise, the pigment structure in the core/shell structure deteriorates and thermochromic properties are not observed.
- aluminum compound is added accordingly into the formulation and mixing procedure continues for another 30 minutes. Afterwards, it is applied to the desired surface by spray, if desired, with viscosity adjustment, serigraphically, dipping or spin coating.
- a degreasing procedure is carried out before coating the aluminum terminal blocks. This procedure usually involves cleaning the metal in an ultrasonic bath at 70- 80 °C in a detergent solution. The degreasing procedure represents the removal of oil from the substrate by dissolving it using a surfactant (detergent nature). For this, agitation and surface cleaning are carried out by means of an ultrasonic bath by placing the metal structure in hot water with detergent. Henkel, P3 Almeco 18 can be used for this process, but a general detergent does the same.
- alcohol-based solvents can be added for system viscosity at the beginning or at another appropriate time. Generally, this addition is between 5-10%, and the dispersion process can be extended after the addition as necessary. Addition of pigments important for dispersion should not be carried out with alcohol.
- aluminum terminals are cleaned beforehand with a detergent solution, preferably in an ultrasonic bath at 70 °C, and are thoroughly washed and dried as a result of the degreasing process.
- the cleaning process is important for the adhesion of the substrate. Therefore, more than one cleaning operation can be performed if necessary.
- the coating which is the subject of the invention, is applied to the surface (aluminum terminals) with the final composition using different coating methods (such as dip coating, spray coating, spin coating for flat surfaces). Double or, if necessary, triple layers can be used.
- the coating mixture is thermally cured, preferably at 140 - 170 °C, preferably for 10 - 30 minutes.
- coating thickness between 5-150 microns can be applied in the invention.
- the curing system can be monitored with FT-IR or thermally. As a result, a system with inorganic organic hybrid and reversible thermochromic properties is obtained. The following ratios can be used with different modifications for the thermochromic system;
- compositions vary depending on the properties of the product to be obtained.
- solid, liquid and resinous products are used together after pretreatment if necessary.
- the input materials are transformed into a standard industrial paint and become ready to cure with heat.
- Solvent can be used for dilution and hydrolysis condensation adjustment if desired. Applications are carried out at room temperature.
- nano-sized SiO2 nanoparticles were produced by the modified Stober method and used in thermochromic nanocomposite structure. As seen in Figure 2, it shows a compact coating feature with the nanoparticles in the coating formulation.
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Abstract
This invention is designed to describe the coating which detect the changes that will occur due to heating for Aluminium terminals used in electrical components, originating from inorganic organic polymerization, doped with size controllable SiO2 nanoparticles, having the ability to change color and return to its former color when the temperature decreases. It can be applied with different coating methods.and final coating material has long durability on metal surfaces with its increased hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance behaviors.
Description
HYBRID THERMOCHROMIC, NANOTECHNOLOGICAL COATINGS FOR ALUMINUM TERMINAL BLOCKS USED IN ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Technical Field
The invention relates to the nanotechnological hybrid, reversibl thermochromic coating which detect the changes that will occur due to overheating for Aluminium terminals used in electrical components.
The invention is especially related with a coating originating from inorganic organic polymerization, doped with SiO2 nanoparticles, having the ability to change color at 70 °C and above and return to its former color when the temperature decreases. It can be applied with different coating methods and final coating material has long durability on metal surfaces with its increased hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance behaviors.
The State of Art
Polymer technologies and materials are generally realized by condensation or addition polymerization. Condensation polymerization occurs when the building blocks combine during the monomer addition by removing small molecules such as alcohol, water, ammonia from the long skeleton formed. Especially the double bonds in the addition polymers join each other in a geometrical order by radical polymerization. Although other polymerization ways or examples exist, industrially important polymers and composites usually occur in these two types of polymer formation techniques. Among the condensation polymers, polyurethane formation, polyamide formation and sol-gel polymerization in inorganic organic polymer structures seem particularly important. Said polymer structures are generally thermally cured and known for their highly developed mechanical and physical properties.
Nanocomposite materials using polymeric structures consist of several different phases and one of these phases is in nanometric structure. If one of the phases is in nanometric level, a special interface is formed between the polymer and the nanostructure and the nanocomposite structure obtained due to the very large surface area of the nanometric structure causes very special mechanical and chemical properties. The ratio of surface area to volume allows to improve
structure and properties to obtain new products in pharmaceutical, plastic composites, medical and energy materials.
For obtaining nanocomposite structures, sol-gel method is a way that was frequently used recently. Since it allows inorganic and organic hybrid structures to be combined at the molecular level, it provides wide advantages. In general, sol-gel technology is a method that can be explained on the basis of silica format, on from the Silicontetrahydroxide. If alkoxysilane compounds are taken as the beginning precursors of the reaction, a siloxane network is formed through hydrolysis and condensation reactions, as well as water and alcohol removal. Oligomers are formed first and then the inorganic polymer structure is formed. Industrially, using tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) or organic modified trialkoxysilane structures interesting materials with new properties can be produced by mixing epoxy, polyurethane, PVC, polyamide structures together with nanoparticles or quantum dots homogeneously. These materials are converted into structures with superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, scratch resistant, abrasion resistant, enhanced optical properties and self-cleaning properties in addition to the general features of natural materials.
With the sol-gel technique, different phases are interacted at the molecular level and interactions are seen beyond just simple mixing. In this way, unique molecular nanocomposite structures are obtained. In general, the advantages of obtaining nanocomposites can be evaluated as follows;
• high surface area/volume ratio provides small filler spacing,
• better mechanical properties are achieved without loss of strength,
• improved optical properties are achieved because particle size and light transmittance are correlated.
Generally, the impact strength change and durability change drastically with the addition of nanostructures of nanocomposites. The formulation and evolution of properties vary with proper dispersion and homogenization of the nanoscale material. In this perspective nanoparticles have attracted great attention recently, especially due to their nanoelectronic, nanooptic and chemical catalysis effects. When the size of the nanoparticles is around 1-10 nm, it is easier to observe quantum effects, in other words, nanotechnological effects, especially when the quantum confinement becomes quite dominant. For example, if the band gap energy of semiconductor nanoparticles is developed in a controlled way, many new applications such as visible region catalysis and self-cleaning effects can be observed.
The necessity of protecting the surface of nanoparticles used in nanocomposite structures plays an active role to develop novel optical and chemical properties as well as to prevent agglomeration of the particles due to unsaturated atoms on the surface. Therefore, it is known that the agglomeration phenomenon can be prevented by surface passivation by methods of attaching different polymeric or surface active agents, adsorption of different ligands to the surface. With these structures containing different numbers of attaching groups (dendates) adhered to the surface by physical or chemical means, the particle surface is protected from external factors and at the same time, nanocomposite dispersion is facilitated. The nanoparticles can be obtained by bottom up or top down methods. Especially when the synthesis methods are reviewed, La-Mer theory offers a linear formation theory in the synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles. However, in metal oxide-type structures, for example, the Stober method can be used for particles that were surface modified and and size controlled in the fabrication of SiO2 nanoparticles.
The documents determined in the patent and literature research carried out for the state of the art are summarized below.
US 7,465,693 B2 describes a thermochromic structure that changes color with an adhesive or polymer structure, such as asphalt or cement, or that can be mounted on a traffic sign. This structure is used as an indication that the surface is at a temperature close to or below the freezing point of water.
JP11323708 A2, which is one of the patent applications of the Japanese, defines a composition containing microencapsulated pigment that changes color reversibly with temperature increase. This polymer composition can be used in the form of a mesh and defines a thermoplastic resin.
GB2401710 Al describes a warning device that will act as a thermochromic indicator if the temperature on a door surface increases. It is also possible to perceive it as a warning sign in fire situations. The thermochromic indicator can be obtained with a thermochromic ink or a luminescent thermochromic mixture.
US 9404200 B2 describes a thermochromic building material. In this way, color-controlled materials were produced by means of 3D printing. This material, which can change color through the melting or extrusion process, is clearly defined.
In US 10837143 B2, thermoregulatory nano-coatings for paper materials are described. Here, a nanostructured phase change material and a protective layer are used together. In this way, top coatings or surface paints that respond sensitively to temperature are obtained.
EP3816243 Al describes a thermochromic dye that can be printed by the ink jet method. This paint contains an organic solvent, a binder containing at least one resin, heat and moisture sensitive pigment and another pigment formulation to act as a temperature sensor and humidity sensor. In this system, a special composition is created by choosing the pigment color and paint color complementary to each other, and this composition is compatible with the system called ink jet. As a result, a pigment formulation with thermochromic properties is obtained.
WO2015135949 Al describes a microemulsion containing microencapsulated thermochromic leuco dyes and a multimicroencapsulation structure associated with this structure. 5-30% pigment, 30-50% a polymeric structure, 1-10% an emulsifying agent and 30-60% a solvent, and the leucocolorants can be spironolactone, fluorene or spiropyran type structures. In this structure, a thermochromic emulsion formulation emerges from a polymeric coating, an oil-based solvent, microencapsulation of thermochromic pigments and combining this structure with a water-based gelatin and polyamide or polyurea type structure.
Brief Description of the Invention
The present invention relates to nanotechnological coatings that change color reversibly with temperature for aluminum terminal blocks used in electrical components, which meet the above- mentioned requirements, eliminate all disadvantages and provide bring some additional advantages.
The invention is inspired by current situations and aims to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages.
The main objective of the present invention is to obtain a coating material that can be formed with a size-adjustable SiCT nanostructure, an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer structure, an epoxy-containing resin, a microencapsulated pigment structure and preferably together with surface agents, can be applied to aluminum surfaces and can change color around 70°C. In this way, a paint mixture with enhanced nanotechnological and physical properties, which can provide reversible color transformation on the applied metal surfaces can be defined.
Another objective of the invention is to obtain a nanotechnological coating that changes color and can be applied by spray method which will be used on aluminum terminal blocks used in electrical components. In this way, excessive temperatures generated by electrical leakages can be determined. The nanotechnological mixture developed within the scope of the invention contains the desired and modifiable ratio and chemical properties.
The structural and characteristic features of the invention and all its advantages will be understood more clearly due to the detailed explanation below, and therefore this evaluation should be made by taking this figure and detailed explanation into consideration.
Figures to Help Explain the Invention
Figure 1: Cross sectional view SEM image for thermochromic surface coating.
Figure 2: SEM images of SiCE nanoparticles used to improve the physical properties of the thermochromic hybrid system.
Detailed Description of the Invention
In this detailed description, the invention is described in such a way that it does not have any limiting effect on the production of hybrid, thermochromic nanocomposite coating for metal surfaces.
This invention relates to the nanotechnological coating and its preparation forthe cases that occurs as a result of the heating of aluminum terminals used in electrical components. The coating comprises at least one thermochromic pigment encapsulated, SiCE nanoparticles that are used to improve physical properties and whose sizes can be controlled, at least one epoxy resin,
at least one silane initiator compound, at least one aluminum compound suitable for use as a curing agent. In addition, optionally, it is possible to include solvents (EtOH, IPA, Butyl Glycol, Acetone), which can be used for different purposes when necessary in the homogeneous coating formulation. Solvents are components that are preferably used to adjust viscosity and are an input to the coating. Coating can be applied on metal surfaces with preparation of a homogeneous coating formulation. In this way, by using different application methods, it defines a system that can change color and become transparent at 70 ± 2 °C on aluminum terminals. Theoretically reversibl thermochromic effect is stable infinitely and coating formulation has strength on surfaces.
The aluminium compund used in the invention can be composed of different alkoxide components of aluminum. Aluminum trisecondary butoxide, aluminum triethoxide, aluminum triisop yloxide type components can be given as examples. By adding complex-forming ligands such as ethylene diamine, EDTA, acetylacetone, ethylacetoacetate to these components, the airsensitive feature of the aluminum alkoxide compound is blocked and a stable complex is formed. Generally, the ligands mentioned herein are added directly to the alkoxide compound in different equivalent amounts for complex formation. The exothermic reaction during the formation of this complex should be controlled. Aluminum compound is added to the system after sufficient mixing and dispersion. After this addition, dispersion continues, preferably for 30 minutes or another more suitable time. It is more convenient to store the aluminum compound in a nitrogen and argon environment due to its rapid hydrolysis and condensation properties.
The silane precursor compounds are epoxy silane, mercapto silane, aminosilane, tetraethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane etc. and / or their mixed mixtures in different equivalent amounts. The properties and contents of these mixtures are adjusted by determining the properties of the material to be obtained in the final. Different starting amounts can be mixed, for example for water repellency or crosslinking properties, or for secondary polymerization purposes different side groups are vectorized.
Said silane precursor compound is prepared alone or with other functional silane compounds by adding the necessary amounts of water for hydrolysis and condensation. Hydrolysis and condensation rate are important and it is necessary to pay attention to this point while preparing the mixtures. The said water addition is made in proportion to the calculation of the alkoxide amounts. Preferably, mixtures after hydrolysis and condensation for at least 12 hours are
considered usable. Especially mixtures containing amine groups should be used more quickly as they cause additional polymerization.
The rate of hydrolysis and condensation is important in the preparation of these mixtures and it is necessary to pay attention to this condensation rates while preparing the mixtures. Trialkoxy silanes which having functional side groups may not form a transparent mixture when compared with other silanes because their hydrolysis and condensation rates are different. However, since the nanocomposite structure to be obtained will already contain a black-based color, such differences are of little importance. This silane mixture contains different functional groups and side groups suitable for cross-linking for the next step, and at the same time, a suitable environment should be provided for the removal of the condensation products, which we call shrinkage after hydrolysis and condensation.
First, the silane mixture is mixed in certain proportions and acidic water is added proportinally to the calculation of the alkoxide amounts. The Stober method was used in a modified way to obtain SiO2 nanoparticles. In order to increase the physical strength of the thermochromic hybrid nanocomposite structures to be obtained (scratch, adhesion, abrasion resistance and corrosion test), the surface and dimensions of these nano-sized particles can be precisely controlled. For the synthesis of nanoparticles, firstly, base is added to the system mixed which is composed of Isopropyl alcohol and distilled water. In this system, especially ammonia, methylamine type bases can be used. As a result of a certain mixing time, silane initiators can be added to this reaction environment individually or in a mixed manner to produce surface modified particles. Especially after the basic mixture is obtained, the pH value of the solution should be above pH=10. It is known that the pH value being below this point will affect the hydrolysis and condensation reactions and affect the formation of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are obtained in a spherical manner after the reaction carried out at a certain rpm speed and at room temperature. If the surface is desired to be modified, TEOS initiator can be used with trialkoxysilans. As the reaction volume increases, the volume ratios can change. After the fabrication, the nanoparticles are washed with water and alcohol-based solvents at the end of the reaction, dried and stored for the nanocomposite structure after chemical analysis, crystallinity and thermal characterization.
The resulting nanoparticles are obtained in a very precise monodisperse and size controllable manner, as evidenced by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses.
In the invention, additional additives provided by S iO 2 nanoparticles such as anti-scratch, filling properties and hardness strengthen the nanotechnological character of the coating. Particles such as ZrC>2, AI2O3, SiC, BN can also be used instead of monodisperse SiCL- In the use of nanoparticles, it is important that the dimensions are nano-sized and transparent polymers that will show transparent properties and that they will not prevent thermochromic color change. The nanoparticles used should have properties like SiCT nanoparticles. The important thing is not the presence of monodisperse particles, but the particles that provide the formation of a transparent polymeric structure due to their size.
Epoxy resins are used to modulate the chemical and physical properties of the nanocomposite structure. In addition to linear or Bis Phenol A based epoxies, other desired epoxy resins can also be used. Said epoxy resins are added to the coating mixture and mixed preferably at a speed of around 2000 - 4000 rpm. This mixing time can preferably be between 2-4 hours depending on the homogeneity. Especially in the final composition, linear epoxies can be preferred in order to prevent unwanted yellowing of the nanocomposite. However, both structures are suitable for the invention. The thermal resistance of aromatic structures is suitable for the system. In one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to add the epoxy partially piecemeal. It is also possible to use any other desired epoxy resins.
As a thermochromic encapsulated pigment, a pigment that changes color reversibly at 70 C and above, transforms from black-dark green to a transparent state is used. Generally, LCR HALLCREST Reversible Thermochromic Screen Ink 70 pigment is used as the active thermochromic agent. The condition of this encapsulated pigment against acids and bases should be considered. In addition, its dispersion should be carried out well. Thermochromic capsules consist of a dye called leuco, dye improvers, and components that serve to control temperature. It generally contains structures smaller than 10 microns.
For the synthesis process, first of all, the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of alkoxysilanes are completed and nano-sized SiCL nanoparticles are added to each other and homogenization takes place with the addition of epoxy resin. A stirring speed of 1500 rpm to 3000 rpm can be used. Then, after adding the thermochromic pigment, homogenization is completed in approximately 4-6 hours with a controlled dispersion rate.
The expression “low mixing speed” in the text represents the 500-800 rpm range. Otherwise, the pigment structure in the core/shell structure deteriorates and thermochromic properties are not observed.
When particle and pigment homogenization is ended, aluminum compound is added accordingly into the formulation and mixing procedure continues for another 30 minutes. Afterwards, it is applied to the desired surface by spray, if desired, with viscosity adjustment, serigraphically, dipping or spin coating. A degreasing procedure is carried out before coating the aluminum terminal blocks. This procedure usually involves cleaning the metal in an ultrasonic bath at 70- 80 °C in a detergent solution. The degreasing procedure represents the removal of oil from the substrate by dissolving it using a surfactant (detergent nature). For this, agitation and surface cleaning are carried out by means of an ultrasonic bath by placing the metal structure in hot water with detergent. Henkel, P3 Almeco 18 can be used for this process, but a general detergent does the same.
In one embodiment of the invention, alcohol-based solvents can be added for system viscosity at the beginning or at another appropriate time. Generally, this addition is between 5-10%, and the dispersion process can be extended after the addition as necessary. Addition of pigments important for dispersion should not be carried out with alcohol.
In the invention, aluminum terminals are cleaned beforehand with a detergent solution, preferably in an ultrasonic bath at 70 °C, and are thoroughly washed and dried as a result of the degreasing process. The cleaning process is important for the adhesion of the substrate. Therefore, more than one cleaning operation can be performed if necessary.
The coating, which is the subject of the invention, is applied to the surface (aluminum terminals) with the final composition using different coating methods (such as dip coating, spray coating, spin coating for flat surfaces). Double or, if necessary, triple layers can be used. The coating mixture is thermally cured, preferably at 140 - 170 °C, preferably for 10 - 30 minutes.
Preferably, coating thickness between 5-150 microns can be applied in the invention. The curing system can be monitored with FT-IR or thermally. As a result, a system with inorganic organic hybrid and reversible thermochromic properties is obtained.
The following ratios can be used with different modifications for the thermochromic system;
For example, the weight ratios for the synthesis process;
• Solvents in the range of 3-8%,
• Precursor silane in the range of 50-70%,
• Epoxy resin in the range of 10-25%.
• SiCh nanoparticle in the range of 1-5%
• Aluminum compound in the range of 10-25%
• Thermochromic pigment in the range of 5-15%
In this process, the compositions vary depending on the properties of the product to be obtained.
In the present invention, generally, solid, liquid and resinous products are used together after pretreatment if necessary. The input materials are transformed into a standard industrial paint and become ready to cure with heat. Solvent can be used for dilution and hydrolysis condensation adjustment if desired. Applications are carried out at room temperature.
As seen in Figure 1, nano-sized SiO2 nanoparticles were produced by the modified Stober method and used in thermochromic nanocomposite structure. As seen in Figure 2, it shows a compact coating feature with the nanoparticles in the coating formulation.
In this text, the usage area and preferred application area of the invention are given specifically. However, it is clear that a person skilled in the art can also apply the whole, part, essential features and/or characterizing part of the invention to other purposeful fields. Therefore, it is obvious that such structuring will lack the criteria of innovation, and especially of overcoming the state of the art. Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, it is possible to obtain the invention based on the technical features defined in the claim without using all of the mentioned details or alternatives. The component alternatives mentioned for the invention should not be considered as being limited to those listed.
Claims
1. A coating for warning against thermal changes of aluminum terminals in electrical components by changing color reversibly with temperature, is characterized by comprising
• at least one encapsulated thermochromic pigment,
• SiCL nanoparticles, which are used to improve physical properties and whose size can be controlled,
• at least one epoxy resin,
• at least one silane initiator compound,
• at least one aluminum compound suitable for use as a curing agent.
2. A coating according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising pigment that changes color reversibly at 70 °C and above.
3. A coating according to claim 2 is characterized by comprising LCR HALLCREST Reversible Thermochromic Screen Ink 70 pigment as a pigment.
4. A coating according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising nano-sized SiO2 nanoparticles with the modified Stober method.
5. A coating according to any one of the preceding claims is characterized by comprising linear or aromatic epoxy resin.
6. A coating according to any one of the preceding claims is characterized by comprising compounds such as epoxy silane, mercapto silane, aminosilane, tetraethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane and/or their mixtures in different equivalent amounts as a silane precursor compound.
7. A coating according to any one of the preceding claims is characterized by comprising at least one alcohol-based solvent.
8. A coating according to any one of the preceding claims is characterized by having a coating thickness between 5-150 microns.
9. The method of applying a coating to aluminum terminals according to any one of the preceding claims is characterized by comprising methods such as dip coating, spray coating or spin coating for flat surfaces.
10. Coating production method according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the steps of;
• adding nano-sized SiO2 nanoparticles together with a silane precursor compound or silane precursor compound mixture whose hydrolysis and condensation reactions have been completed,
• adding epoxy resin,
• homogenization,
• adding thermochromic pigment and continuing homogenization,
• adding the aluminum compound while the mixture continues.
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Citations (4)
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US20060166822A1 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-07-27 | The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. | Reversible thermochromic display article |
US20140039091A1 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-06 | Chromatic Technologies, Inc. | Interactive Coating for End Printing |
JP5696344B2 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-04-08 | 株式会社システック | Fixture with temperature-sensitive discoloration |
CN107500596A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2017-12-22 | 厦门美益绿建科技有限公司 | A kind of pervious concrete with temperature-sensing discoloration function |
-
2022
- 2022-06-24 WO PCT/TR2022/050660 patent/WO2023249578A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060166822A1 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-07-27 | The Pilot Ink Co., Ltd. | Reversible thermochromic display article |
US20140039091A1 (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-06 | Chromatic Technologies, Inc. | Interactive Coating for End Printing |
JP5696344B2 (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-04-08 | 株式会社システック | Fixture with temperature-sensitive discoloration |
CN107500596A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2017-12-22 | 厦门美益绿建科技有限公司 | A kind of pervious concrete with temperature-sensing discoloration function |
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