WO2023248514A1

WO2023248514A1 - Detection system and detection device

Info

Publication number: WO2023248514A1
Application number: PCT/JP2023/002707
Authority: WO
Inventors: 修一畠山; 雄一郎上野; 孝広田所; 徹渋谷; 敬介佐々木; 湧希小泉
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2022-06-23
Filing date: 2023-01-27
Publication date: 2023-12-28
Also published as: JP2024002043A

Abstract

In order to solve the problem of providing a detection system that has excellent detection sensitivity, the present invention comprises a formation member (26) that forms a flow channel for a liquid (25) to be detected, and a detection device (1) for detecting radiation in the liquid (25) to be detected that flows through the formation member (26), the detection device (1) being provided with: a generating part (2) provided with an aggregate (31) of phosphor particles (3) that generate photons in response to incidence of radiation in the liquid (25) to be detected, and a holding part (4) that accommodates the aggregate (31) and through which the liquid (25) to be detected can pass; and a detection part for detecting photons generated from the particles (3). The holding part (4) is provided with liquid passage parts (41) having openings (42) that are smaller than the diameter of the particles (3), and the liquid (25) to be detected comes in contact with the particles (3) by passing through the openings (42).

Description

Detection system and detection device

The present disclosure relates to a detection system and a detection device.

For example, liquid scintillators, ionization chambers, solid scintillators, etc. are known as methods for measuring radiation generated from nuclides in liquids such as water. For example, beta rays produced from tritium have low energy (maximum 18.6 keV) and short maximum range in liquid (approximately 6 μm). For this reason, badge measurement is performed by sampling. However, since it is difficult to measure continuously with badge measurements, technologies that can continuously measure radiation are being considered.

The abstract of Patent Document 1 states, ``Tritiated water, which is a sample to be measured, is introduced into a thin hollow sampling container 3 with a large sensitive area on the detection surface, and the sample is placed on both sides (detection surface) with the sampling container 3 in between. The configuration is such that two systems of detection sections, a first detection section 1a and a second detection section 1b, are disposed close to each other and facing each other.Each detection section (1a or 1b) is disposed close to the sampling container 3. The scintillator is equipped with a solid scintillator (2a or 2b) other than a plastic scintillator.When one solid scintillator receives incident beta rays generated from tritiated water and emits scintillation light, the scintillation light is emitted in all directions. and is propagated to both photomultiplier tubes 7a and 7b of the two detection units 1a and 1b.''

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-178336

In the technique described in Patent Document 1, the tritium concentration is measured by spraying a sample to be measured onto a single flat plate (claim 4, etc.). Since scintillation light is generated on the surface of the flat plate, the amount of scintillation light generated is small and the detection sensitivity is low.
The problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a detection system and a detection device that have excellent detection sensitivity.

The detection device of the present disclosure includes an aggregate of particles including a phosphor that generates photons upon incidence of radiation in a liquid to be detected, and a holding unit that holds the aggregate so that the liquid to be detected can come into contact with the particles. and a detection unit that detects photons generated by the particles. Other solutions will be described later in the detailed description.

According to the present disclosure, a detection system and a detection device having excellent detection sensitivity can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection device of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the generation of photons when radiation is incident on particles. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a detection device of the present disclosure. This is the content of the database and is a graph showing the relationship between count rate and dose rate. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an analysis device. It is a graph regarding the electric pulse signal measured when it is assumed that the output of the detection part is measured. It is a system diagram showing a detection system of the present disclosure, and is a diagram in which a liquid to be detected flows in one direction with respect to a detection device. FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing the detection system of the present disclosure, and is a diagram in which the liquid to be detected flows in the other direction with respect to the detection device. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detection device according to another embodiment.

Hereinafter, modes for implementing the present disclosure (referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of one embodiment, other embodiments applicable to the one embodiment will also be described as appropriate. The present disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, and different embodiments can be combined or arbitrarily modified without significantly impairing the effects of the present disclosure. Further, the same members will be given the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations will be omitted. Furthermore, items having the same function shall be given the same name. The content shown in the drawings is merely schematic, and for convenience of illustration, the actual configuration may be changed to the extent that the effects of the present disclosure are not significantly impaired, or some members may be omitted or modified between drawings. Sometimes I do something.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 of the present disclosure. The detection device 1 is capable of continuously measuring the dose of radiation 27 (FIG. 2) in the detection liquid 25, for example, on-line. The liquid to be detected 25 flows through a forming member 26 that forms a flow path for the liquid to be detected 25 . The detection device 1 detects radiation 27 in the liquid to be detected 25 flowing through the forming member 26 . The forming member 26 is a member that forms a flow path for the liquid to be detected 25, and is, for example, a pipe.

The liquid to be detected 25 usually contains a nuclide 9 (FIG. 2) that generates radiation 27 (FIG. 2). The nuclide 9 is, for example, tritium, although it is not particularly limited. The generated radiation 27 includes, but is not particularly limited to, particle beams such as α rays, β rays, and neutron beams, and electromagnetic waves such as X rays and γ rays. Among them, α rays and β rays are preferable. The detection liquid 25 usually contains the nuclide 9 in a dissolved or dispersed state. The portion of the liquid to be detected 25 excluding the nuclide 9 is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid, and for example, it may be an aqueous solution such as seawater or brackish water (brine, etc.), but it may also be fresh water.

The detection device 1 includes a generation section 2 and a detection section 5. The generation section 2 includes an aggregate 31 of particles 3 and a holding section 4 . The particles 3 include a phosphor (described later) that generates photons 10 (FIG. 2) upon incidence of radiation 27 (FIG. 2) in the detection liquid 25. In the example of the present disclosure, all of the particles 3 are particles of phosphor, but in addition to the phosphor, they may also include transparent particles such as glass or resin.

The holding unit 4 holds the aggregate 31 so that the liquid to be detected 25 can come into contact with the particles 3. The holding part 4 can be configured by, for example, a housing including a liquid passage part 41 (described later). The housing can shield the interior from light, allowing external light to be distinguished from photons 10 generated by particles 3. However, if the forming member 26 has a light-shielding property, the housing may not be provided, and the holding portion 4 may be formed by partitioning the inside of the forming member 26 with a liquid passage portion 41.

When a housing is provided, the housing is a container that accommodates the aggregate 31 and the liquid to be detected 25. The material constituting the housing is not particularly limited as long as it can reflect light and accommodate the liquid to be detected 25, and for example, metals such as aluminum and stainless steel, light shielding materials such as resins, plastics, and ceramics are used. can.

In the example of FIG. 1, the generation unit 2 of the detection device 1 is arranged so as to straddle the entire interior of the forming member 26. However, the generating section 2 may straddle only part of the internal region of the forming member 26. Therefore, the liquid to be detected 25 flows through the forming member 26 via the inside of the detection device 1 (specifically, the inside of the generation section 2).

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the generation of photons 10 when radiation 27 is incident on particle 3. Radiation 27 (for example, β-rays) is emitted from the nuclide 9 (for example, β-ray emitting nuclide) contained in the liquid to be detected 25 . The emitted radiation 27 causes an interaction with the particles 3. As a result of this interaction, a single photon 10 (single photon) is generated. A single photon 10 is generated usually inside the particle 3. A single photon 10 refers to each photon 10 generated by the interaction of the radiation 27 and the particle 3. Only one photon 10 is not necessarily generated by one incidence of radiation (one electron in the case of beta rays). Hereinafter, when photon 10 is simply referred to, it means a "single photon" unless otherwise specified. The photon 10 is detected by the detection unit 5 (FIG. 1), details of which will be described later.

Returning to FIG. 1, the aggregate 31 of particles 3 has, for example, a powder form in a dry state, and changes into, for example, a slurry form upon contact with the detection liquid 25. Although the particle size of the particles 3 is not limited to this numerical range, it is, for example, 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. The particles 3 can typically include particles 3 falling within this numerical range, for example, but the sizes of all the particles 3 do not necessarily have to be the same. Particle size can be controlled using, for example, a sieve with a predetermined mesh size. For example, if the particle size is 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, particles that do not pass through a sieve with a mesh size of 1 μm but pass through a sieve with a mesh size of 10 μm are considered as particles 3 that can be used in the detection device 1 of the present disclosure. Can be used. For example, the particle size can also be controlled by, for example, agglomeration, multi-element co-precipitation, and the like.

The phosphor constituting the particles 3 generates light with an intensity corresponding to the dose rate of the incident radiation 27 (FIG. 2). The phosphor is not particularly limited as long as it is a powdery composition that exhibits luminescence. Examples of the phosphor include photoluminescence caused by light such as ultraviolet rays, radioluminescence caused by radiation 27, cathodoluminescence caused by an electron beam, electroluminescence caused by an electric field, chemiluminescence caused by a chemical reaction, and the like. Specifically, the phosphor includes, for example, NaI, CsI, LiI, SrI ₂ , Bi ₄ Ge ₃ O ₁₂ , Bi ₄ Si ₃ O ₁₂ , CdWO ₄ , PbWO ₄ , ZnS, CaF ₂ , LuAG, LuAP, _Lu2O3 , _Y3Al5O12 , _YAlO3 _, _Lu2SiO5 , LYSO _, _Y2SiO5 _, _Gd2SiO5 , BaF2, _CeF3 _, _CeBr3 _, _CsF , _LiF , _Gd2O _2S _, _LaBr3 , _CeBr3 , _Gd3Al2Ga3O12 _, _Cs2LiYCl6 _, Cs2HfI6 _, _ScTaO4 , LaTaO4 _, _LuTaO4 , _GdTaO4 _, _YTaO4 _, _InBO3 , _Y2 _O2 A light transmitting material such as S, ZnSiO ₄ , Sialon phosphor, or a light transmitting material such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Examples include light-transmitting materials containing rare earth elements such as Lu and Y, elements or ions such as Tl, Na, Ag, W, Cu, Al, Au, Mn, and CO ₃ , and fluorescent materials. More specifically, _InBO3 :Tb, _InBO3 :Eu, _ZnS :Cu, ZnS:Al, ZnS:Au, _Y2O2S :Eu, _Y2O2S :Tb, _ZnSiO4 : _Mn , etc. Can be mentioned. Further, the valence of the elemental ions contained in the phosphor is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for light emission, and for example, monovalent, divalent, trivalent, quadrivalent, etc. can be used. Further, as the phosphor, for example, an organic phosphor such as a complex, an organic compound, etc. can be used.

The method for producing the phosphor is not particularly limited as long as the composition exhibits luminescence, and examples include floating zone method, Czochralski method (pulling method), micro-pulling method, Bridgman method, Bernoulli method, organic synthesis, etc. can be adopted. Further, the method for manufacturing the phosphor is not particularly limited as long as it allows for miniaturization, and for example, machining, chemical reaction, etc. can be employed. By using the fluorescent particles 3, the detection device 1 can increase the surface area of the particles 3 that come into contact with the liquid to be detected 25, and increase the probability of reaction with the radiation 27 (FIG. 2). Thereby, detection sensitivity can be improved.

In another embodiment, the particles 3 include first particles having a first particle size and second particles having a second particle size that is 20 times or more the first particle size. By including at least the first particles and the second particles, it is possible to prevent the particles 3 from being excessively densely packed inside the holding part 4, and it is possible to form an appropriate gap between adjacent particles 3. Thereby, the pressure loss when the liquid to be detected 25 flows through the generation section 2 can be reduced, and the liquid to be detected 25 can be made to flow easily. Thereby, the time responsiveness of detection can be improved.

Returning to FIG. 1, the generation section 2 (specifically, the holding section 4) includes a liquid passage section 41 having an opening 42 smaller than the particle size of the particles 3. The liquid to be detected 25 comes into contact with the particles 3 by passing through the openings 42 . By providing the liquid passage portion 41, the radiation dose can be measured by introducing the detection liquid 25 existing outside the detection device 1 into the detection device 1 and bringing it into contact with the particles 3. Further, since the openings 42 are smaller in diameter than the particles 3, leakage of the particles 3 through the openings 42 can be suppressed, and the state in which the particles 3 are held in the holding part 4 can be maintained.

For example, at least two liquid passing portions 41 are provided with the assembly 31 sandwiched therebetween. By arranging the liquid passage parts 41 in this manner, the liquid to be detected 25 that has flowed in from one liquid passage part 41 and has come into contact with the aggregate 31 can flow out from the other liquid passage parts 41 to the outside of the detection device 1. . Thereby, the liquid to be detected 25 can be easily flowed, and the time responsiveness of detection can be improved. In the example of the present disclosure, the liquid passing portion 41 is, for example, a filter. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the liquid passing portions 41 are arranged to face each other.

The liquid passage part 41 is not particularly limited as long as it is made of a material that allows the liquid to be detected 25 to flow into the holding part 4 and can suppress leakage of the particles 3 from the holding part 4, such as metal mesh, sponge, or porous material. , ceramics, zeolite, ore, resin, etc.

It is preferable that at least the surface (inner surface) of the generation section 2 facing the particles 3 is constituted by a light reflecting member. Thereby, the photons 10 (FIG. 2) generated in the generation section 2 can be reflected by the light reflecting member and can be suppressed from going outside the generation section 2. As a result, the number of photons 10 leaking to the outside is reduced, and the number of photons 10 directed toward the detection unit 5 is increased, thereby improving detection sensitivity. That is, by confining the photons 10 inside the holding section 4, detection sensitivity can be improved. The light reflecting member is not limited as long as it is a member (for example, a plate material) that can reflect light, and for example, a metal mesh or the like can be used.

It is preferable that the light reflecting member is provided on at least a portion other than the portion connected to the detection unit 5 (surface 29). This makes it possible to confine the photons 10 and to make it easier for the photons 10 to reach the detection unit 5 . The light reflecting member can be arranged, for example, at least on the inner surface of the liquid passage section 41.

The detection unit 5 detects photons 10 generated by the particles 3. The detection unit 5 is connected to the generation unit 2 via a member (light-transmissive member) that allows photons 10 to pass therethrough. That is, the surface 29 of the generating section 2 on the side of the detecting section 5 is made of a light-transmitting member. Examples of the light-transmitting member include quartz, plastic, resin, and the like.

At least two detection units 5 are provided. Thereby, the detection probability of the photon 10 by the detection unit 5 can be improved, and the detection sensitivity can be improved. In the example of FIG. 1, two detection units 5 are provided so as to face each other.

The detection unit 5 converts each of the photons 10 generated by the generation unit 2 into an electric pulse signal. By providing such a detection unit 5, generation of photons 10 can be detected by detecting an electric pulse signal. The detection unit 5 is, for example, a photomultiplier tube, an avalanche photodiode, etc., although it is not particularly limited. By using these, each photon 10 can be detected as a single current-amplified electric pulse signal. The electric pulse signal generated by the conversion in the detection unit 5 is input to the counter 6 (FIG. 3).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the detection device 1 of the present disclosure. In FIG. 3, only one detection unit 5 is illustrated for simplicity of illustration. The detection unit 5 is connected to the counter 6 by, for example, an electric signal line. The counter 6 is connected to the analysis device 7 by, for example, an electric signal line. The analysis device 7 is connected to the display device 8 by, for example, an electric signal line.

The counter 6 counts the electrical pulse signals input from the detection unit 5. The counter 6 is not particularly limited as long as it can count electrical pulse signals, and examples thereof include a digital signal processor, a multichannel analyzer, a pulse counter, and the like.

The display device 8 displays the dose rate of the radiation 27 (FIG. 2) converted by the calculation unit 72 (described later). The display device 8 is, for example, a display, a monitor, or the like. The analysis device 7 (described later) and the display device 8 can be configured by, for example, a personal computer or the like.

The analyzer 7 converts the count rate of the electric pulse signals counted by the counter 6 into the dose rate of the radiation 27. "Counting rate of electrical pulse signals" is the number of electrical pulse signals measured per unit time. The analysis device 7 includes a storage section 71 and a calculation section 72. The storage unit 71 includes a database 711, and the database 711 has a correspondence relationship between the count rate of the electric pulse signal and the dose rate of the radiation 27. Using the database 711, the dose rate of the radiation 27 is converted from the count rate of the electric pulse signal.

FIG. 4 shows the contents of the database 711 and is a graph showing the relationship between the count rate and the dose rate. Usually, the count value of photons 10 (FIG. 2) and the energy imparted to the phosphor constituting the particles 3 exhibit a proportional relationship. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, if the counting rate calculated from the measured value of each generated photon 10 can be measured, the dose rate of the radiation 27 can be determined based on the database 711. By using such a relationship, the dose rate of the radiation 27 can be converted from the calculated counting rate of the photons 10.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the analysis device 7. The analysis device 7 is configured to include, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 1011, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 1012, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 1013, and the like. The analysis device 7 is realized by loading a predetermined control program (for example, an analysis method) stored in the ROM 1013 into the RAM 1012 and executing it by the CPU 1011.

FIG. 6 is a graph regarding the electric pulse signal measured when the output of the detection unit 5 is measured. Typically, when a single radiation 27 (FIG. 2) is incident on a particle 3 (FIG. 2), a plurality of photons 10 (FIG. 2) are generated. In the example of the present disclosure, the detection unit 5 detects the photon 10 as a signal 11 that is one electric pulse. That is, a single photon is measured, and specifically, each photon 10 generated by the interaction between the radiation 27 and the particle 3 is measured by the detection unit 5. The photon 10 may be a photon 10 included in a plurality of photons 10 (an aggregate of two or more single photons 10).

Single photon measurement can be performed by attenuating the countless photons 10 generated in the phosphor and measuring the single photon 10 that remains. As a result, as shown by a signal 11, the photon 10 is detected by the detection unit 5 as a steep electric pulse having a time width of, for example, 2 nanoseconds.

It is preferable that the fluorescence lifetime (attenuation time constant) of the phosphor constituting the particles 3 is a time that allows the photons 10 generated by the generation unit 2 (FIG. 1) to be separated into individual photons 10. When the amount of light is large (ie, when the number of photons 10 is large), a continuous waveform is observed as shown by signal 12. However, if the amount of attenuation is increased, the amount of light resulting from the attenuation will be observed as intermittent pulses as shown by signal 11. By doing so, the photons 10 can be measured by measuring the signal 11, so the generation probability of the photons 10 can be increased and the detection sensitivity can be improved.

Although the fluorescence lifetime of such a phosphor is not particularly limited, it can be, for example, 1 μsec or more.

On the other hand, if it has a trend lifetime of, for example, less than 1 μs, it is converted into a signal with a high voltage, as shown in signal 13, and the voltage quickly decays. For this reason, especially when photons 10 are continuously generated, detection sensitivity tends to decrease.

FIG. 7 is a system diagram showing the detection system 100 of the present disclosure, in which the liquid to be detected 25 (FIG. 1) flows in one direction with respect to the detection device 1. For simplicity of illustration, the detection device 1 is shown in a simplified manner.

The liquid to be detected 25 flows in the direction of the solid arrow. Therefore, the generation section 2 is configured such that the liquid to be detected 25 that has flowed in through the at least one liquid passage section 41 (FIG. 1) flows out through the at least one liquid passage section 41 after coming into contact with the aggregate 31 (FIG. 1). configured. The forming member 26 includes a main pipe 261 and a sampling pipe 262. The liquid to be detected 25 flows through the main pipe 261 . The sampling pipe 262 connects a starting point and an end point to the main pipe 261, and diverts a part of the liquid to be detected 25 flowing through the main pipe 261 to the sampling pipe 262 for radiation measurement.

The detection system 100 includes a reversing mechanism 28 that reverses the flow direction of the liquid to be detected 25 in the sampling pipe 262. By providing the reversing mechanism 28, clogging of the liquid passing portion 41 can be suppressed. In the illustrated example, the reversing mechanism 28 includes valves 281, 282, 283, and 284. However, the reversing mechanism 28 may be, for example, a pump that can reverse the direction in which the fluid can flow.

The sampling pipe 262 branched from the main pipe 261 further branches into a pipe 263 equipped with a valve 281 and a pipe 264 equipped with a valve 282. Valves 281 and 282 are arranged in parallel. The piping 263 further includes the detection device 1. A valve 283 is provided closer to the main pipe 261 than the confluence of the pipes 263 and 264. A pipe 265 including a valve 284 is connected so as to bypass the detection device 1 . Piping 265 is connected to sampling piping 262 downstream of valve 283 .

By opening the valves 281 and 283 and closing the valves 282 and 284, the liquid to be detected 25 flows from the left to the right in FIG. It flows through part 2.

FIG. 8 is a system diagram showing the detection system 100 of the present disclosure, and is a diagram in which the liquid to be detected 25 (FIG. 1) flows in the other direction with respect to the detection device 1. By closing the valves 281 and 283 and opening the valves 282 and 284, the liquid to be detected 25 moves from the right to the left in FIG. It flows through part 2. By controlling the opening and closing of the valves 281, 282, 283, and 284, the flow direction of the liquid to be detected 25 in the detection device 1 can be changed.

Note that the detection system 100 may include a pump (not shown) that increases the pressure of the liquid to be detected 25 on the upstream side of the detection device 1. By providing the pump, the liquid to be detected 25 can be easily circulated through the detection device 1 . The pump may be placed in the main pipe 261 or in the sampling pipe 262.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the detection device 1 is arranged so as to straddle the forming member 26. As shown in FIG. Therefore, the entire amount of the liquid to be detected 25 flowing through the forming member 26 flowed through the generating section 2 . On the other hand, in the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 9 , the detection device 1 is arranged on the side of the forming member 26 . The inside of the forming member 26 and the inside of the generation section 2 communicate with each other through one liquid passage section 41 . A part of the liquid to be detected 25 flowing through the forming member 26 changes its flow direction, passes through the liquid passage portion 41 (for example, leaks out of the opening 42 ), and reaches the generation portion 2 . The generation unit 2 generates photons 10 (FIG. 2) as described above, and the generated photons 10 are detected by the detection unit 5.

One detection unit 5 is provided at a position opposite to the forming member 26 when viewed from the generation unit 2. By providing only one detection unit 5, the installation space of the detection device 1 can be reduced. The detection unit 5 and the forming member 26 face each other with the generation unit 2 interposed therebetween. In the generating section 2, the surface 30, which is a portion other than the portion connected to the detecting section 5, is preferably constituted by the above-mentioned light reflecting member. Thereby, the photons 10 can be confined inside the generation section 2. Further, it is also preferable that the surface 30 is constituted by a light shielding member. Thereby, the influence of external light can be suppressed. As the light shielding member, the matters explained in connection with the housing can be similarly applied.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. The detection device 1 includes a transmission unit 20 between the generation unit 2 and the detection unit 5, which transmits photons 10 (FIG. 2) generated by the generation unit 2 to the detection unit 5. By providing the transmission section 20, the photons 10 can be transmitted to the detection section 5 with high efficiency, and detection sensitivity can be improved.

The transmission section 20 is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit the photons 10 to the detection section 5, and examples thereof include a light guide, a lens, an optical fiber, a light pipe, an optical waveguide, and the like. Further, the surface 29 of the generating section 2 on the detecting section 5 side may be constituted by the transmitting section 20. In the example of FIG. 10, the transmission section 20 has a tapered shape that narrows from the generation section 2 toward the detection section 5. Although only one transmission section 20 is provided in the example of FIG. 10, two or more transmission sections 20 may be provided.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. The detection device 1 shown in FIG. 11 is the same as the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 9 described above, but includes at least two detection units 5. By providing at least two detection units 5, detection sensitivity can be improved. The detection section 5 is opposed to the generation section 2 via the generation section 2 . The detection unit 5 is arranged along the direction in which the forming member 26 extends. A transmission section 20 (FIG. 10) may be provided between each detection section 5 and generation section 2. Further, it is preferable that the surface 30 is formed of at least one of a light reflecting member and a light blocking member.

The liquid to be detected 25 that has passed through the liquid passage section 41 and reached the generation section 2 generates photons 10 in the generation section 2 . The generated photons 10 move along the flow direction (the same direction or the opposite direction) of the detection liquid 25 in the forming member 26 and reach the detection section 5 . In the detection unit 5, photons 10 are detected. According to the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 11, since the generation section 2 and the detection section 5 can be arranged in the direction along the forming member 26, the installation space in the direction extending outward from the forming member 26 can be reduced. Moreover, by providing at least two detection units 5, detection sensitivity can be improved.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. The detection device 1 shown in FIG. 12 includes only one detection section 5 in the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 1 above. According to the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 12, since the entire amount of the liquid to be detected 25 is passed through the generation section 2, the response sensitivity can be improved. Furthermore, since only one detection unit 5 is provided, the installation space for the detection device 1 can be reduced.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. In the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 13, the detection device 1 includes a stirring mechanism 21 that stirs the aggregate 31 with the holding part 4. By providing the stirring mechanism 21, the probability of reaction between particles 3 and radiation can be improved, and detection sensitivity can be improved. Further, since the particles 3 can be stirred inside the generation section 2, clogging of the opening 42 of the liquid passage section 41 can be suppressed.

In the illustrated example, the stirring mechanism 21 is provided inside the generation section 2. The stirring mechanism 21 is not particularly limited as long as it can stir the aggregate 31, and examples thereof include a magnetic type such as a magnetic stirrer, and a mechanical type such as a mixer. The driving source for the stirring mechanism 21 is usually electricity, but for example, the liquid flow of the liquid to be detected 25 flowing through the forming member 26 may be used as the driving source. When using a liquid flow as a driving source, for example, by providing a rotor blade (not shown) in the forming member 26 and connecting the rotor blade to the stirring mechanism 21, as the rotor blade rotates due to the liquid flow, Stirring may be performed by the stirring mechanism 21.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. The detection device 1 shown in FIG. 14 is the same as the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 1 described above, and further includes a stirring mechanism 21 shown in FIG. 13 described above. According to the detection device 1 shown in FIG. 14, detection sensitivity can be improved and clogging of the liquid passage section 41 can be suppressed. In particular, in the example shown in FIG. 14, the entire amount of the liquid to be detected 25 flowing through the forming member 26 flows through the generating section 2. Therefore, by suppressing clogging of the liquid passage section 41, the pressure loss of the liquid to be detected 25 in the generation section 2 can be reduced.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. The detection device 1 includes a vibration mechanism 22 that vibrates the liquid passage part 41. By providing the vibration mechanism 22, components attached to the liquid passage part 41 can be removed from the liquid passage part 41 by vibration, and clogging of the opening 42 of the liquid passage part 41 can be suppressed. Components that adhere to the liquid passage section 41 include dust and the like contained in the liquid to be detected 25 on the forming member 26 side, and particles 3 and the like on the generation section 2 side.

In the illustrated example, the vibration mechanism 22 is arranged inside the generation section 2 in contact with the liquid passage section 41. However, the location of the vibration mechanism 22 is not limited to the illustrated position as long as it can vibrate the liquid passage part 41; It may be the inside of the above-mentioned housing (not shown), etc. The vibration mechanism 22 is not particularly limited as long as it can vibrate the liquid passing portion 41, and examples thereof include a motor type, an ultrasonic type, and the like. The driving source for the vibration mechanism 22 is usually electricity, but for example, the liquid flow of the liquid to be detected 25 flowing through the forming member 26 may be used as the driving source.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a detection device 1 according to another embodiment. The detecting device 1 shown in FIG. 15 is the same as the detecting device 1 shown in FIG. 1 described above, and includes the vibration mechanism 22 shown in FIG. Therefore, the vibration mechanism 22 vibrates each liquid passage part 41. Thereby, clogging of the openings 42 of each liquid passage section 41 can be suppressed. In particular, in the example shown in FIG. 15, since the liquid to be detected 25 flows throughout the generation section 2, clogging in each liquid passage section 41 can be suppressed, resulting in pressure loss of the liquid to be detected 25 in the generation section 2. It is possible to suppress excessive increase in

1 Detection device 10 Photon 100 Detection system 2 Generation section 20 Transmission section 21 Stirring mechanism 22 Vibration mechanism 25 Detection liquid 26 Forming member 261 Main piping 262 Sampling piping 263 Piping 264 Piping 265 Piping 27 Radiation 28 Reversing mechanism 281 Valve 282 Valve 283 Valve 284 Valve 29 Surface 30 Surface 3 Particle 31 Aggregate 4 Holding section 41 Liquid passing section 42 Opening 5 Detection section 6 Counter 7 Analyzer 71 Storage section 711 Database 72 Computing section 8 Display device 9 Nuclide

Claims

a forming member that forms a flow path for the liquid to be detected;
a detection device that detects radiation in the liquid to be detected flowing through the forming member;
The detection device includes:
A generation unit comprising: an aggregate of particles containing a phosphor that generates photons upon incidence of radiation in the liquid to be detected; and a holding unit that holds the aggregate so that the liquid to be detected can come into contact with the particles. and,
A detection system comprising: a detection unit that detects photons generated by the particles.
The holding part includes a liquid passage part having an opening smaller than the particle size of the particles,
The detection system according to claim 1, wherein the liquid to be detected comes into contact with the particles by passing through the opening.
The detection system according to claim 2, further comprising a vibration mechanism that vibrates the liquid passage section.
3. The detection system according to claim 2, wherein at least a surface of the generation section facing the particles is constituted by a light reflecting member.
The detection system according to claim 4, wherein the light reflecting member is provided in at least a portion other than a portion connected to the detection section.
The detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that at least two of the liquid passage parts are provided with the aggregate sandwiched therebetween.
The detection system according to claim 1, further comprising a transmission section that transmits photons generated by the generation section to the detection section between the generation section and the detection section.
The detection system according to claim 1, wherein the detection unit converts each photon generated by the generation unit into an electric pulse signal.
The detection system according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescence lifetime of the phosphor is a time period during which photons generated by the generation unit can be separated into individual photons.
The detection system according to claim 9, wherein the fluorescence lifetime of the phosphor is 1 μsec or more.
The detection system according to claim 1, wherein at least two detection units are provided.
The detection system according to claim 1, further comprising a stirring mechanism that stirs the aggregate in the holding section.
The holding part is
At least two liquid passing parts are provided with the aggregate sandwiched therebetween,
The liquid to be detected, which has flowed in through the at least one liquid passage part, is configured to flow out through the at least one liquid passage part after contacting the aggregate,
The detection system according to claim 1, further comprising a reversing mechanism that reverses the flow direction of the liquid to be detected in the forming member.
The detection system according to claim 1, wherein the particles include first particles having a first particle size and second particles having a second particle size that is 20 times or more the first particle size. .
a generation unit comprising: an aggregate of particles containing a fluorescent substance that generates photons upon incidence of radiation in a liquid to be detected; and a holding unit that holds the aggregate so that the liquid to be detected can come into contact with the particles; ,
A detection device comprising: a detection unit that detects photons generated by the particles.