WO2023245034A1

WO2023245034A1 - Exercise and training apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2023245034A1
Application number: PCT/US2023/068404
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ron BULLOCH
Original assignee: That's Epic! Llc
Priority date: 2022-06-14
Filing date: 2023-06-14
Publication date: 2023-12-21

Abstract

An exercise and training apparatus that includes a pair of interconnected diverging track sections, a pair of trucks for supporting the feet of a user and traveling along the track sections, and a latching mechanism operable for automatically and repetitively effecting alternating latching of a released truck and releasing of a latched truck as the released truck arrives proximate the apex of the apparatus. Each of the trucks is engageable with right and left rails on an associated track section via at least pulley-style road wheels and a pulley-style friction wheel on a right side wheel assembly and at least pulley-style road wheels and a pulley-style friction wheel on a left side wheel assembly.

Description

EXERCISE AND TRAINING APPARATUS

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to exercise, training, conditioning, and physical therapy devices for humans, particularly such devices for exercising, training, strengthening and conditioning leg and core muscles. Particularly, the present invention relates to devices for exercising, strengthening and conditioning the leg and core muscles of users, who may be ice skaters, for example, hockey players training in proper stride techniques, or others desiring muscle training and conditioning for aesthetic purposes or undergoing physical therapy or rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND

[0002] It has long been recognized that training and exercise activities which are specific to a sport that one wishes to excel in are beneficial and that such exercises can develop improved strength and agility in the actual groups of muscles used when participating in the particular sport. When one exercises for a specific sport, one not only gains strength and endurance, but one also increases their skills in performing that sport. Exercises embodying resistance to muscle movement increase the strength of the muscle groups being exercised. Moreover, it has been found that exercising muscles at the specific angle at which they are utilized in a particular sport significantly improves one’s skill in that sport. Therefore, in order to increase their skill, strength and endurance in a particular sport, athletes will frequently engage in exercises that mobilize specific muscle groups.

[0003] With particular regard to the sport of hockey, the best way to master a maneuver and to train and condition one’s muscles to efficiently perform that maneuver is to practice the maneuver on ice. This requires a considerable amount of practice time on ice or “ice time” which may not be available, particularly in locations where there are limited ice facilities that are heavily scheduled. Hence, Powering Athletics International, LLC of Roanoke, Indiana, developed a hockey exercise and training apparatus commercialized under the designation PowerSkater™ and disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,042,511 (Bulloch) (hereinafter “Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus”).

[0004] Many hockey players do not skate properly because there is muscular weakness in some body part that prevents or inhibits the performance of a certain action. When this is the case, the player often unconsciously makes some adjustment in style in an attempt to use a stronger muscle. This, of course, creates a faulty, often awkward style. For example, players with insufficiently developed quadriceps often fail to bend their knees sufficiently. They do this because, when the knees are bent, the quadriceps are in continuous hard action. If the quadriceps are weak, bending the knee will bring on fatigue or cause the player a sense of insecurity and imbalance due to the muscles quivering under a load they cannot easily handle. The answer, of course, is not to stop bending the knee, but rather to develop the quadriceps through special exercises and persevering in the bent knee action.

[0005] The action of a forward stride, for example, is a basic or fundamental maneuver in hockey which involves particular skate and body positions and movement of a skater's legs. While performing the forward stride, a skater starts with their feet in a "V" or "Arrow Tip" position (semi- squat coiled position) and, after each stride, returns their feet to this position. There are three recognized elements in executing a forward stride: the push-off phase; the glide phase; and the recovery phase. The basic fundamentals are performed in a relaxed posture: flexible ankle bends, flexible knee bends, body leaning forward, back straight, chest up, stomach in, and head up. Although this all seems simple, this posture is uncomfortable unless practiced to the point of subconsciousness.

[0006] Similarly, the action of cross-over or cross-under moves allow a player to execute circles and curves for weaving in and out of traffic, move laterally, skate circles forwards or backwards. Many times a skater needs to skate tight curves and circles at high speeds. Deep knee bends are important, along with body leaning, to cause their skate edges to grip the ice. The body lean should counteract the centripetal and centrifugal forces, and balance is critical.

Stresses are put on the lower body parts (e.g., hips, knees, and ankles) when performing these maneuvers.

[0007] Forward cross-overs involve the outside leg stepping over the inside leg with weight shifting from the inside skate on the outside edge, to the outside leg by stepping or crossing over while gliding on the inside edge.

[0008] With two steps comes two pushes. The pushes are outward and Inward. A skater pushes with the pushing skate while it is directly under the skater's center of gravity, and transfers weight onto the pushing skate. Push first, and cross-over second with weight transfer halfway through, as in forward skating.

[0009] As a further example, backward cross-overs are used mostly in a defensive posture, and certainly by all hockey defensemen. The backward cross-over is a pull/push movement. The inside skate crosses under the outside skate, pulling through and pushing out. The opposite leg is the glide leg and pushes out, whereas the back leg is the leading leg with which the skater steps inwardly to pull and push under the glide leg, with the adductors firing in the pulling movement.

[0010] The PowerSkater™ exercise and training apparatus as commercialized and as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,042,511 facilitates maneuvers such as these, and exercises the core and leg muscles of users desiring muscle conditioning, movement training, or undergoing physical therapy or rehabilitation. It is desirable, however, to provide an improved exercise system and apparatus that that is less expensive to manufacture, includes fewer component parts, moves more smoothly, is cheaper to ship, and provides improved and expanded features.

SUMMARY

[0011] Certain embodiments of present invention provide an exercise, training and conditioning apparatus and/or system which simulates actual "on ice" conditions associated with basic stride techniques, for strengthening and conditioning the muscles of ice skaters, and for training hockey players in proper form and stride techniques. Certain embodiments of tire inventive apparatus and/or system allow a skater to practice the forward stride in a manner which simulates actual conditions on ice. In this regard, such embodiments allow a skater to keep their feet in the "V" or "Arrow Tip" position after each stride and, moreover, allow a skater's feet to move outward and rearward at an angle which will develop the optimum thrust. By bending their knees over the front of their skates and maintaining their back straight and shoulders square, chest up, stomach in, head up while using the exercise and training apparatus according to the present invention, a skater can develop proper form while conditioning their muscles.

[0012] Moreover, certain embodiments of the present invention provide an exercise, training and conditioning apparatus and/or system adapted for the requirements of users desiring to condition or tone core and leg muscles to improve their levels of fitness or for aesthetic purposes, or users undergoing physical therapy or physical rehabilitation.

[0013] The present invention provides an apparatus and/or system that can be used by a user to exercise, strengthen and condition core and leg muscles. Such a user may be a skater, with the inventive apparatus and/or system used for hockey training, including developing basic stride techniques and proper form, and conditioning muscles. Such a user may alternatively be a person desirous of improving muscle tone and development for conditioning and/or aesthetic purposes. Such a user may alternatively be a person undertaking physical therapy and/or rehabilitation.

[0014] A first aspect of the invention is an exercise and training apparatus that includes a pair of interconnected track sections, a pair of trucks for travel along the track sections, and a latching mechanism operable for automatically and repetitively effecting alternating latching of a released truck and releasing of a latched truck as the released truck arrives at an exchange point along the longitudinal length of the associated track section.

[0015] In a first embodiment of the first aspect of the invention (i) each of the track sections have first and second longitudinal ends, right and left laterally spaced rails, and extend at a divergent angle relative to the other track section from the first longitudinal ends, and (ii) each of the trucks are engageable with the right and left rails on an associated one of the pair of track sections for longitudinal reciprocating travel along the associated track section, with each truck including at least a right side wheel assembly, a left side wheel assembly, and a base platform for supporting a foot of an exerciser atop the right and left wheel assemblies.

[0016] In a second embodiment of the first aspect of the invention (i) each of the track sections have first and second longitudinal ends, right and left laterally spaced sides interconnected and extending upward from one or more cross members, an upwardly open T- slot extending along the longitudinal length of the track section intermediate the right and left sides of the track section upward from the one or more cross members, and extend at a divergent angle relative to the other track section from the first longitudinal ends, and (ii) each of the trucks are engageable with the right and left rails on an associated one of the pair of track sections for longitudinal reciprocating travel along the associated track section, with each truck including at least a right side wheel assembly, a left side wheel assembly, and a base platform for supporting a foot of an exerciser atop the right and left wheel assemblies.

[0017] In a third embodiment of the first aspect of the invention (i) each of the track sections have first and second longitudinal ends, right and left laterally spaced sides, an upwardly open slot extending along the longitudinal length of the track section laterally outside each of the right and left sides of the track section, and extend at a divergent angle relative to the other track section from the first longitudinal ends, and (ii) each of the trucks are engageable with the right and left rails on an associated one of the pair of track sections for longitudinal reciprocating travel along the associated track section, with each truck including at least a right side wheel assembly, a left side wheel assembly, and a base platform for supporting a foot of an exerciser atop the right and left wheel assemblies.

[0018] In a fourth embodiment of the first aspect of the invention (i) the pair of interconnected track sections cooperatively define a medial plane, and each of the track sections have first and second longitudinal ends, right and left laterally spaced sides, and extend at a divergent angle relative to the other track section from the first longitudinal ends, (ii) each of the trucks are engageable with the right and left rails on an associated one of the pair of track sections for longitudinal reciprocating travel along the associated track section, with each truck including at least a right side wheel assembly, a left side wheel assembly, and a base platform for supporting a foot of an exerciser atop the right and left wheel assemblies, and (iii) the exercise and training apparatus further includes a pair of raised platforms with each raised platform secured atop a respective base platform and having an uppermost supporting surface having a downward lateral angle towards the medial plane defined by the interconnected track sections for supporting the foot of an exerciser at an everted angle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG 1 is top view of one embodiment of a prior art Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus.

[0020] FIG 2 is a perspective view of the intersecting end of the prior art Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus depicted in FIG 1 .

[0021] FIG 3 is a sectional view of one side of the prior art Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus depicted in FIG 1.

[0022] FIG 4 is an end view of one of the platforms and associated rail or track sections of the prior art Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus depicted in FIG 1.

[0023] FIG 5 is a top perspective view of one end of the rail or track section of the prior art Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus depicted in FIG 4 sans the associated platform.

[0024] FIG 6 is a top view of another embodiment of a prior art Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus.

[0025] FIG 7 is a top view of another embodiment of a latching mechanism component on an Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus. [0026] FIG 8 is top view of yet another embodiment of a latching mechanism component on an Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus.

[0027] FIG 9 is a top view of yet another embodiment of an Original PowerSkater™ Apparatus.

[0028] FIG 10 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of the exercise and training apparatus with attached accessories.

[0029] FIG 11 A is a top perspective view of the latching mechanism component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10 with both catches pivoted into the latching position.

[0030] FIG 1 IB is a top perspective view of the latching mechanism component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10 with both catches pivoted into the release position.

[0031] FIG 11C is an enlarged top view of a portion of the latching mechanism component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10 secured to one of the track sections.

[0032] FIG 12A is a perspective end profile view of the track section component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0033] FIG 12B is an end profile view of the track section component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0034] FIG 13A is a top perspective view of the truck component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10 with attached accessories engaged upon a track section.

[0035] FIG 13B is a bottom perspective view of left truck component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0036] FIG 13C is an end perspective view of a truck component of the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10 engaged upon a track section.

[0037] FIG 13D is an enlarged perspective side view of a wheel assembly subcomponent of the truck component of the exerci se and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10 engaged upon a track section.

[0038] FIG 14A is a top view of the static platform accessory depicted in FIG 10. [0039] FIG 14B is a side view of the static platform accessory depicted in FIG 10.

[0040] FIGs 15 A-D are schematic views of progressive stages of a forward stride exercise employing the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0041] FIGs 16 A-B are schematic views of progressi ve stages of a single leg push exercise employing the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0042] FIGs 17 A-B are schematic views of progressive stages of a single leg pull/push exercise employing the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0043] FIGs 18 A-B are schematic views of progressive stages of a forward lunge exercise employing the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0044] FIGs 19 A-B are schematic views of progressive stages of a lateral leg push exercise employing the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0045] FIGs 20 A-B are schematic views of progressi ve stages of a forward cross-over exercise employing the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

[0046] FIGs 21 A-B are schematic views of progressi ve stages of a backward cross-over exercise employing the exercise and training apparatus depicted in FIG 10.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

Definitions

[0047] As utilized herein including the claims, the term “generally circular” means at least 180° of the circumference comprising a curve of uniform (round) or gradually varying (e.g., oval, ellipse, egg shaped) curvature or a regular polygon having at least eight sides.

[0048] As utilized herein including the claims, the term “rail” means a longitudinally continuous solid rod fixed atop a support for supporting wheels on a wheeled truck atop the rail and guiding travel of the wheeled truck along the longitudinal length of tire rail, as differentiated from a longitudinally elongated member defining a shaped channel into which wheels of a wheeled truck can be entrapped.

[0049] As utilized herein including the claims, the term “wheel assembly” means an interconnected and cooperating set of at least two road wheels and at least one side friction wheel. [0050] As utilized herein including the claims, the term “road wheel” means a wheel secured to a chassis, configured and arranged to engage and travel along the top of a rail and operable for bearing a payload upon the rail.

[0051] As utilized herein including the claims, the term “side friction wheel” means a wheel secured to a chassis, configured and arranged to engage and travel on either the inside or the outside of a rail, and operable for preventing lateral or sideway shifting of the chassis relative to the rail.

[0052] As utilized herein including the claims, the term “up-stop wheel” means a wheel secured to a chassis, configured and arranged to engage and travel along the underside of a rail, and operable for preventing the chassis from lifting off tire rail.

[0053] As utilized herein including the claims, the term “pulley-wheel” means a peripherally grooved wheel rotatable about a central axis of rotation operable for constraining axial movement of an elongate member engaged within the peripheral groove.

Nomenclature Table

Interpretation Guidelines

[0054] The invention is adaptable to various modifications and al ternative forms, and the specific embodiments thereof shown by way of example in the drawings is herein described in detail. The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are chosen and described so that others skilled in the art may appreciate and understand the principles and practices of the present disclosure. The drawings and detailed description are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claim(s).

[0055] Terms such as “forward”, “rearward”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom” and similar terms of spatial relationship are used in reference to the inventive device as described and shown in the accompanying Figures.

[0056] The terms “right-hand” and “left-hand” are based on the frame of reference of a user positioned on both basic foot platforms and performing a forward stride exercise (see, FIGs 6A-D).

[0057] The various structural terms used throughout this disclosure should not receive a singular interpretation unless it is made explicit herein.

[0058] Headings and subheadings, if any, are used for convenience only and do not limit the disclosure. Introduction

[0059] The invention is directed to improvements upon, modifications to, and novel accessories for the exercise and training apparatus disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,042,511 (hereinafter Original Exercise Apparatus).

Original POWERSKATER™ Apparatus

[0060] Referring to FIGs 1-9, the Original Exercise Apparatus is an apparatus for exercising, strengthening and condition the muscles of ice skaters and in particular for training hockey players in proper form and stride techniques.

[0061] The Original Exercise Apparatus allows a skater to practice the forward stride in a manner which simulates actual conditions on ice. In this regard, the Original Exercise Apparatus allows a skater to keep their feet in the "V" or "Arrow Tip" position after each stride. Moreover, the Original Exercise Apparatus allows a skater’s feet to move outward and rearward at an angle which will develop the optimum thrust. By bending their knees over the front of their skates and maintaining their back straight and shoulders square while using the Original Exercise Apparatus, a skater can develop proper form while conditioning their muscles.

[0062] Referring to FIGs 1, 6 and 9, the Original Exercise Apparatus includes a pair of foot platforms 2, 2' which the user stands on so that one foot can be on each of the platforms. The foot platforms 2, 2' can be coupled to a rail or track assembly which guides movement of the platforms. The rail or track assembly includes two rail or track sections 1, 1' which can be coupled together at an angle. The angle at which the rail or track sections 1, 1’ intersect is preferably 90°. However, this angle can be varied, and the angle at which the rail or track sections 1, 1' intersect can be adjustable.

[0063] Referring to FIGs 2, 7 and 8, the Original Exercise Apparatus includes a latching mechanism 3 which alternatively locks one of the foot platforms 2 or 2’ in a stationary position, while the other foot platform 2 or 2’ is allowed to slide along its respective rail or track section 1, 1'. As the unlocked or unlatched foot platform 2 or 2' engages the latching mechanism 3, that foot platform 2 or 2' becomes latched or locked in a stationary position and the other foot platform 2 or 2' is released by the latching mechanism 3 whereby it is allowed to move along its respective rail or track section 1, 1’. Thus, the latching mechanism 3 can allow foe user to stride alternatively with each foot/leg. This movement simulates foe forward stride as it is actually preformed on ice.

[0064] Referring to FIGs 1, 3, 6 and 9, the Original Exercise Apparatus includes means for applying and adjusting resistance against the sliding movement of the foot platforms 2, 2' along their respective rail or track sections 1, 1'. By applying and adjusting, e.g., increasing, resistance against the sliding movement of the foot platforms 2, 2’, one can strengthen muscles that are used in performing the forward stride. Various means to apply and adjust resistance against the sliding movement of the foot platforms 2, 2' include elastic cables, flexible bows, weights and cable systems, fluid pistons, elastic bands, etc.

[0065] Referring to FIGs 1, 2, 6 and 9, the Original Exercise Apparatus includes two rail or track sections 1, 1’ which can be coupled together at adjacent ends 4, 4' so that the rail or track sections 1, 1' intersect at an angle as shown. The angle at which the track or rail sections 1, 1’ intersect is preferably about 90°. However greater (up to 180°) or smaller (down to 0°) angles can be used if desired. When the rail or track sections 1, 1* are coupled by a pivotal connection, the angle at which they intersect can be easily adjusted.

[0066] Each rail or track section 1, 1' includes a foot platform 2, 2’. The foot platforms 2, 2' can be designed to freely slide along their respective rail or track sections 1, 1’. The foot platforms 2, 2' provide a movable stage upon which a user stands so that the user's feet can be placed on one of the foot platforms 2, 2’. Thus, it is understood that the size of the foot platforms 2, 2’ is such to recei ve a person’s foot. The upper surfaces of the foot platforms 2, 2* can be provided with a medium, e.g., rubber mat, with a roughened surface which increases the frictional forces between a user’s feet and the platform surfaces. Otherwise, the upper surface of the foot platforms 2, 2’ can themselves be roughened to increase the frictional forces between a user's feet and the platform surfaces. In addition, the rear edges of the foot platforms 2, 2' can be provided with small upright structures, against which a user’s feet can abut.

[0067] Referring to FIGs 3, 4 and 6, the foot platforms 2, 2’ can be coupled to the rail or track sections 1, 1’ by wheels or bearings which allow the foot platforms 2, 2' to move freely along the rail or track sections 1, 1'. The rail or track sections 1, 1' guide the movement of the foot platforms 2, 2' and the feet of the user, thus assuring that the user performs a desired stride motion while exercising/training. [0068] Referring to FIGs 1, 2, 6, 7 and 8, a latching mechanism 3 is provided adjacent the point at which the rail or track sections 1, 1’ intersect. The latching mechanism 3 alternatively latches or locks one of the foot platforms 2, 2’ in a stationary position, while allowing the other foot platform 2, 2' to move along its respective rail or track section 1, T.

[0069] Referring to FIGs 2, 3 and 6, resistance forces can be applied to the foot platforms 2, 2’ by attaching elastic or inelastic cables 14 thereto, which cables 14 can extend beneath the foot platforms 2, 2' and within the rail or track sections 1, 1'.

[0070] Referring to FIGs 1 and 2, the rail or track sections 1, 1’ are depicted as being coupled together at adjacent ends 4, 4*, between which latching mechanism 3 is located. The latching mechanism 3 can include opposed pivotal latching arms 5, 5’ which can be spring biased to engage fixed latching arms 6, 6' that can be mounted on the foot platforms 2, 2’. Also, shown in FIG 2, are disengaging projections 32 associated with the latching mechanism 3 which cause the pivotal latching arms 5, 5’ to pivot and become disengaged or unlatched from the fixed latching arms 6, 6' of the foot platforms 2, 2'. The disengaging projections 32 can be attached and extend from the foot platforms 2, 2' or can be attached and extend from the pivotal latching arms 5, S', so that as the disengaging projections 32 strike the pivotal latching arms 5, 5’ or are struck by the foot platforms 2, 2’, the pivotal latching arms 5, 5* pivot to a release position. Although depicted as being straight, the pivotal latching arms 5, S' can be angled (or curved) as necessary to accommodate various angles at which the rail or track sections 1, 1' intersect.

[0071] Referring again to FIGs 1 , 3 4 and 5, the upper edge portions 7 of the rail or track sections 1, 1' can be provided to retain the platform wheel assembly 8 (see FIG 3) of the foot platforms 2, 2' . This platform wheel assembly 8 allows the foot platforms 2, 2' to move easily along the rail or track sections 1, 1'.

[0072] Referring to FIGs 1, 3 and 6, an elastic cable 14 is attached to each of the foot platforms 2, 2’ to provide resistance. As depicted in track or rail section 1, one end of the elastic cable 14 is attached to a fixed location in the track or rail section 1, and the other end of tire elastic cable 14 is attached to platform 2. The elastic cable 14 passes through pulleys 16 and 17 at opposite ends of the track or rail sections 1, 1' so as to apply a forward biasing force to the foot platforms 2, 2'. A bungee cord can be used as the elastic cable 14.

[0073] Referring to FIGs 1, 6 and 9, one or more brace members 18, 18' can be provided between the rear portions of the rail or track sections 1, 1'. The fixed end of the elastic cables 14 can be secured in adjustable positions in or along one of the brace members 18, 18'. In this regard, pulley 16, 17 can be positioned to allow elastic cables 14 to extend along or within one of the brace members 18, 18'. The free end of the elastic cables 14 can be fixed in adjustable positions along the brace member 18, 18' by means of pins, hooks, etc. 28.

[0074] Referring to FIGs 1, 2, 6, 7 and 9, the rail or track sections 1, 1’ can be coupled together by means of a rectangular or triangular platform 19 which supports the latching mechanism 3. Alternatively, the adjacent ends 4, 4' of the rail or track sections 1, 1' can be partially capped with end pieces that can be pivotally coupled together.

[0075] Referring to FIGs 3 and 4, the platform wheel assembly 8 can maintain the vertical position of the foot platforms 2, 2’. That is, as shown, the vertical wheels 11 can be positioned between the bottom 12 of the rail or track sections 1, 1' and the lower surface 13 of the upper edge portions 7 of the rail or track sections 1, 1'. The horizontal wheels 9 engage the inner side surfaces 10 of the rail or track sections 1, 1' and thus maintain the axial position of the foot platforms 2, 2' with respect to the central axes of the rail or track sections 1, 1'.

[0076] Referring again to FIGs 1, 3 and 6, elastic cable 14 extends through pulleys 16 and 17 and is attached at opposite ends to a foot platform 2, 2’ and a fixed position 20 on the associated rail or track sections 1, 1’. Pulleys 16 and 17 can either be attached to ends of the rail or track sections 1, 1' or to bottom portions 12 of the rail or track sections 1, 1' adjacent the ends thereof.

[0077] Referring to FIGs 1-6 and 9, the rail or track sections 1, 1* can be made out of metal, wood, composite materials, or any suitably rigid materials. Referring to FIG 4, each rail or track section 1, 1’ can include opposed elongate channel members 21 configured to receive therein the platform wheel assembly 8. The elongate channel members 21 can be configured to include U-shaped bottom portions 22, side walls 23 and upper edge portions 24. The horizontal wheels 9 of the platform wheel assembly 8 can engage the inner side walls 23 of the elongated channel members 21. Similarly, the vertical wheels 11 of the platform wheel assembly 8 engage the bottom portion 22 of the elongate channel members 21 and the lower surface 13 of the upper edge portions 24 of the elongate channel members 21.

[0078] The opposed elongate channel members 21 of each track or rail section 1, 1’ can be coupled together by one or more plate members 25 that can be attached between each elongate channel member 21. The pulleys 16, 17 which guide the elastic or inelastic cables 14 that apply resistance to the foot platforms 2, 2' can be mounted on plate members 25.

Because the facing surfaces 26 of the elongate channel members 21 can be located at a height above the bottom portion 22 thereof, the pulleys 16, 17 can be positioned above the bottom portion 22, providing adequate clearance beneath the plate members 25 for mechanical fasteners to secure the pulleys 16, 17 as depicted.

[0079] Referring to FIG 5, the rail or track sections 1, 1' can be coupled together by an angled piece or plate 27 attached to the leading ends 4,4' of the rail or track sections 1, 1' as depicted. The angled plate 27 can also be attached to the plate member 25 which is attached between the elongate channel members 21. Referring to FIG 6, the rail or track sections 1, T can be coupled together by coupling their angled plates 27 together.

[0080] Referring to FIG 6, the rail or track sections 1, 1' can be coupled together by a triangular platform 19 which can be coupled to the angled plates 27 that can be attached to the adjacent ends 4, 4' of tire rail or track sections 1, 1’. For example, foe triangular platform 19 could be coupled to the angled plate 27 by pins, bolts, or other cooperating engaging structures or mechanical fasteners. The latching mechanism 3 is attached to and supported by triangular platform 19.

[0081] Referring again to FIG 6, two brace members 18, 18' between the rail or track sections 1, 1’ help maintain the angular alignment of the rail or track sections 1, 1’. As depicted, the rear most brace member 18' receives one end of tire elastic cable 14 of each of the rail or track sections 1, 1’ (one shown). In this regard, brace member 18, 18' preferably includes a channel through which the elastic cables 14 extend so as to protect the elastic cables 14. In addition, brace member 18, 18' includes a plurality of spaced apart pins, hook, holes, etc. 28 which allow tire free ends of elastic cables 14 to be attached at different positions along brace member 18, 18’ in order to adjust the resistance applied the foot platforms 2, 2'.

[0082] Referring again to FIG 6, the angle at which the rail or track sections 1, 1’ intersect can be varied by merely varying the angle of the legs of triangular platform 19 and the length of brace members 18, 18’. Alternatively, the angled plates 27 of the rail or back sections 1, 1' can be attached together by a pivotal connection which will allow the angle at which the rail or track sections 1, 1' intersect to be adjusted from 0° to 180°. The rail or track sections 1, 1’ can be folded together for purposes of storing or shipping the device. When assembled, the triangular platform 19 and brace members 18, 18 can be used to maintain the angle between the rail or track members 1, 1'.

[0083] Referring to FIG 7, the latching mechanism 3 includes two opposed pivotal latching arms S, S'. The pivotal latching arms 5, 5' can be opposed in that they include hook projections 29 that extend inwardly toward one another. The pivotal latching arms 5, 5' also include angled cam surfaces 30 on their di stal ends which cooperate with corresponding cam surfaces 35 provided on the fixed latching arms 6, 6'. The pivotal latching arms 5, 5' can be biased inwardly by elastic members 31 attached between the pivotal latching arms S, 5' and the leading edge of the rail or track sections 1, 1’.

[0084] Each foot platform 2, 2' is provided with a fixed latching arm 6, 6' which is cooperatively aligned with a respective pivotal latching arm 5, S'. As discussed above, in use, one platform is secured in a fixed position 20 by the latching mechanism 3, w'hile the other platform slides along its respective rail or track section 1, 1'.

[0085] Referring to FIG 7, foot platform 2' would be engaged by pivotal latching arm 5. Foot platform 2 includes both a fixed latching arm 6 and disengaging projection 32. As foot platform 2 moves toward latching mechanism 3, the disengaging projection 32 contacts pi votal latching arm 5’ and pushes pi votal latching arm 5’ outward so as to disengage pivotal latching firm 5' and fixed latching arm 6' which extends from foot platform 2'. As foot platform 2’ becomes disengaged from the latching mechanism 3, foot platform 2 becomes engaged by the latching mechanism 3. That is, as foot platform 2 moves toward latching mechanism 3, the fixed latching arm 6 on foot platform 2 contacts pivotal latching arm 5, causing the cooperating cam surfaces 35 of thereof to push pivotal latching arm 5 outward and into engagement with fixed latching arm 6 as foot platform 2 continues to move forward. This unlatching/latching process which allows the foot platforms 2, 2’ to alternatively be released and latched in their forward positions is repeated every time one of the foot platforms 2, 2' moves to its forward position.

[0086] Referring to FIG 8, the pi votal latching arms 5, 5’ can be biased inwardly by spring elements 33. The disengaging projections 32 can extend from the pivotal latching arms 5, S'. By providing the disengaging projections 32 on the pivotal latching arms 5, S', the fixed latching arms 6, 6' attached to the foot platforms 2, 2' can abut and strike the disengaging projections 32 while alternatively releasing the foot platforms 2, 2', and engaging the pivotal latching arms S, 5’ in a latching manner. The fixed latching arms 6, 6* can comprise fixed latching structures which include hook projections 34 and cam surfaces 35 without an "arm" structure. Also, the forward edge of the foot platforms 2, 2’ can include an abutting structure which engages the disengaging projections 32 of the latching mechanism 3. The latching mechanism 3 depicted in FIG 8 is a more compact latching mechanism 3 that allow' the elements of the latching mechanism 3 to be concealed.

[0087] Referring to FIG 9, resistance can be applied to the foot platforms 2, 2’ by flexible bows. Cables 14 pass through pulleys 16, 17 which can be located near the end of the rail or track sections 1, 1’ and can be attached to bow elements 36. The bow elements 36 can be flexible elongate elements securely attached to the rail or track sections 1, 1' at one end and provided with free ends 37 to which cables 14 can be attached. Because the bow elements 36 can be flexible, their free ends 37 can be pulled away from the adjacent rail or track sections 1, 1'. The bow elements 36 are preferably stiff enough, so that they provide a desired degree of resistance to being flexed or pulled away from the adjacent rail or track sections 1, 1'.

This resistance is applied to the foot platforms 2, 2’ through inelastic cables 14. Weights that can be pulled upward by a system of cables and pulleys, fluid pistons, elastic bands, etc. can be used as alternatives to the use of flexible bow elements 36.

Invention

[0088] Referring to FIG 10-21, the present invention is an apparatus 122 inspired by and incorporating the basic structure and functionality of the Original Exercise Apparatus depicted in FIGs 1-9, with significant modifications, adjustments, improvements and enhancements to provide an apparatus 122 with advanced performance, innovative features and simplified assembly and disassembly for transport.

CONSTRUCTION

[0089] Referring to FIG 10, system 120 according to the present invention includes apparatus 122, and/or one or more separable accessories described herein.

[0090] The apparatus 122 can include platform assembly 124 and at least one of a pair of longitudinally x elongate track sections 126, 128. Referring to FIGs 10 and 11A-B, platform assembly 124 includes a planar mounting plate or junction 136, which may, as depicted, be substantially square. Mounting plate 136 may be formed of rigid, high density polyethylene ("HDPE") sheet material. The front end 126a of right-hand track section 126 and the front end 128a of left-hand track section 128 may each or both be connected to adjacent edges of mounting plate 136 forming a junction 136.

[0091] Each track section 126, 128 has a front longitudinal x end 126a, 128a, a rear longitudinal end 126b, 128b, a first side 126c, 128c and a second side 126d and 128(1. The first and second laterally y spaced sides 126c, 128c and 126d, 128d respectively, can be interconnected and extend upward from one or more cross-plates or cross members 181. Each track section 126, 128 can have a longitudinal x length of 3 to 8 ft with a general preference for a longitudinal x length of 5 to 8 ft. A length of less than 3 feet is insufficient to accommodate a full stride length for many athletes during exercise while a length greater than 8 feet results in a substantially unused excess length.

[0092] Referring to FIG 11C, both track sections 126 and 128 can be coupled to platform assembly 124 at an apex 123. Front ends 126a, 128a of elongate track sec tions 126 and 128 can be interconnected through platform assembly 124 with a elongate mounting plate connectors 142 attached at opposite ends to mounting plate 136 and the front end 126a, 128a of each track section 126 or 128 using fasteners, such as bolts extending through threaded holes in connector 142. The interconnected elongate track sections 126 and 128 can be arranged at an angle relative to each other, preferably at an orthogonal 90° angle. However, this angle can be different. The angle at which the track sections 126, 128 are arranged relative to each other can be adjustable, the front ends 126a, 128a of track sections 126, 128 can be coupled to each other by a pivotal connection, and/or the angle at which they intersect can be easily adjusted. The adjacent front ends of track sections 126, 128 can be partially capped with end pieces that can be pivotally coupled together.

[0093] Referring to FIG 11C, the bottom portion connector 142 can be formed with one or more, preferably a spaced parallel pair of, down standing T-shaped bosses (not shown) that can be received into a longitudinally x extending mated central connecting feature or T-slot 144 provided in track sections 126, 128. Connectors 142, and/or track sections 126, 128 and their integral connecting features 144 can be formed of aluminum extrusions. A tapped through hole can be provided in the segment of connector 142 received into central connecting features 144 of track sections 126, 128. This hole in connector 142 threadedly receives a bolt that secures connector 142 to track section 126, 128.

[0094] Referring to FIGs 11 A-C, platform assembly 124 can include a pair of elongate receivers (not shown) affixed to the underside of mounting plate 136. Each elongate receiver can be longitudinally x oriented perpendicularly to one of the two adjacent mounting plate 136 edges that abuttingly interface the respective, front -facing end of track sections 126, 128. Each elongate receiver can have a parallel pair of T-slots 144 that match and can be longitudinally x aligned with the parallel pair of T-slots 144 in central connecting features 144 of a track section 126, 128. The downwardly projecting, T-shaped bosses of connector 142 can be slidably received into the T-slots 144 of the extruded recei ver and the T-slots of central connecting features 144, and the front end of each track section 126, 128 can be brought into abutting engagement with the interfacing edge of mounting plate 136 and secured with a bolt. The elongate receiver attached to the underside of mounting plate 136 can be formed of an aluminum extrusion.

[0095] Referring to FIGs 10, 13 A, 13C and 13D, track sections 126, 128 guide the movement of trucks 130, 132 and the feet F of the user (not shown), thus assuring that the user performs a desired stride motion while exercising/training. Right-hand truck 130 and left-hand truck 132 can be respectively assembled to right-hand track section 126 and lefthand track section 128, with operative movement longitudinally x there along.

[0096] Referring to FIG 10, resistance to relative movements between trucks 130, 132 and track sections 126, 128 can be provided by any of the well known biasing devises including specifically, but not exclusively elastic cords, compression springs, expansion springs, leaf springs, helical springs, magnetic attraction, magnetic repulsion, weight stacks, etc. Preferred biasing devices for use in the system 120 include specifically, but not exclusively, cords 134 of a commercially available type, each of which can extend beneath its respective truck 130, 132 and laterally y within the track section 126, 128 of its respective track sections 126 or 128. Movement of each truck 130, 132 away from platform assembly 124 can be induced by the user against the resistance of cord 134.

[0097] When the biasing device is a resistance cord 134, a cord adjustment bolt 148 can be attached proximate tire rear end 126b, 128b of each track section 126, 128 via a central connecting slot feature 144 at a selectively chosen longitudinal x position via a bolt and T- nut. Between the rear end of track section 126, 128 and the respective cord adjustment bolt 148, a rear cord pulley 150 can be similarly bolted to the central connecting features 144 of the respective track section 126, 128. Relative to each associated track section and truck pair, the opposite ends of cord 134 can be attached to the front of the truck and to track section 126, 128 via cord adjustment bolt 148 at a location distant from platform assembly 124. Between its opposite ends, cord 134 can be routed over front cord pulley 140 attached to platform assembly 124 and routed over rear cord pulley 150 attached to track section 126, 128 rearward of cord adjustment bolt 148.

[0098] Referring to FIGs 13B and 13C, each truck 130, 132 can have a cord attachment bolt 178 attached to the underside of its foot-supporting platform proximate its front edge. The frontmost end of each cord 134 can be secured to cord attachment bolt 178 of its respective truck. When routed over its pulleys 140 and 150, and attached to cord adjustment bolt 148 and cord attachment bolt 178, cord 134 is preferably under at least a minimal amount of tension at all times, and the track 130, 132, biased by its cord 134 toward platform assembly 124.

[0099] In the system 120 and apparatus 122 embodiment shown in FIG 10, respective to each track section 126, 128 and its associated track 130, 132, cord 134 (i) extends forwardly from its front end 126a, 128a, which is atached to cord bolt 178 of truck 130, 132, to engage and ride on the sheave of front cord pulley 140 rotatably attached to mounting plate 136, (ii) extends rearwardly from front cord pulley 140, between laterally y spaced upstanding loadbearing flanges 182 of track section 126, 128 and beneath the truck 130, 132, to engage and ride on the sheave of rear- cord pulley 150, and then (Hi) extends forwardly from rear cord pulley 150 to cord adjustment bolt 148, to which the second end of cord 134 is attached. As shown, cord adjustment bolt 148 and rear cord pulley 150 can be attached to track section 126, 128 through its central connecting features 144, with cord adjustment bolt 148 selectively moveable between various longitudinal x positions to adjust tension in cord 134.

[0100] When under tension, resistance cord 134 biases its connected track 130, 132 forwardly along its track section 126, 128 toward platform assembly 124. With no user on apparatus 122, cord adjustment bolt 148 is preferably positioned along and selectively fixed to track section 126, 128 at a location that places cord 134 in a desired minimal amount of tension that urges track 130, 132 into abutting engagement with platform assembly 124.

[0101] The resistive force acting on a truck 130, 132 by the biasing device 34 is preferably adjustable. One option for achieving adjustability is based upon Hooke’ s Law, that the level of force exerted by a cord 134 in response to tire movement of its truck 130, 132 varies with the distance of the truck 130, 132 from platform assembly 124. Referring to FIG 10, adjustability of the resistive force acting on a truck 130, 132 against which a user exerts muscular force can be provided by a cord adjustment bolt 148 being selectively fixed to track section 126, 128 at different longitudinal x positions there along to increase or decrease the amount of biasing force exerted by the attached resistance band or cord 134. Alternatively or additionally, a second means for adjusting the resistive force exerted on a truck 130, 132 against which a user exerts muscular force can be provided by a plurality of interchangeable resistance bands or cords 34 having different resistive force levels.

[0102] Referring to FIGs 10 and 11 A-B, a latching mechanism 138 can be provided adjacent the location at which track sections 126, 128 intersect with platform assembly 124. The latching mechanism 138 alternatively latches or locks a first one of the two tracks 130, 132 as it reaches an exchange point 139 proximate the platform assembly 124 at the apex 123 into a stationary position while the second one of the two trucks 130, 132 is permitted to be moved along its respective track section 126, 128. The depicted latching mechanism can be a hook assembly or latching mechanism 138 attached to mounting plate 136 at a corner located between the adjacent edges. As the second unlatched or unlocked one of the trucks 130, 132 then engages the hook assembly or latching mechanism 138 at the exchange point 139 proximate the platform assembly 124 at the apex 123, the first, latched or locked one of the trucks 130, 132 is simultaneously released from its stationary position and permitted to be moved along its respective track section 126, 128. Movement of the first one of the two tracks 130, 132 out of engagement with hook assembly or latching mechanism 138 causes the second one of the two truck 130, 132 to become latched or locked into a stationary position against platform assembly 124. Thus, the latching mechanism 138 can allow the user to stride alternatively with each foot/leg F. This movement simulates the forward stride as it is actually performed on ice.

[0103] Referring to FIGs 10 and 11 A-B, hook assembly or latching mechanism 138 can include hook cover 152, springs 153, left-hand hook 154 having right-hand plunger abutment surface 155, and right-hand hook 156 having left-hand plunger abutment surface 157. Hook cover 152 defines housing 158 of hook assembly or latching mechanism 138, within which springs 153 and hooks 154, 156 can be partially disposed. Hook cover 152 and/or hooks 154, 156 can be formed of a suitably durable plastic material, preferably having self-lubricating properties, and springs 153 can be formed of spring steel rod. The latching mechanism can be configured to alternatively secure and release one of the pair of trucks 130, 132 and release and secure the other one of tire pair of the tracks 130, 132, relative to platform assembly 124. Although hooks 154, 156 are depicted as being straight, the pivotable arms of hooks 154, 156 can be angled or curved as necessary to accommodate different angles at which the track sections 126, 128 can be arranged relative to each other as connected through platform assembly 124, and the mounting plate 136 of platform assembly 124 can be a shape other than substantially square.

[0104] Referring to FIGs 13A-D, each track 130, 132 can include a laterally y spaced pair of longitudinally x extending, vertical support members 160. Vertical support members 160 can be formed of an aluminum extrusion.

[0105] Referring to FIGs 13A-C, each truck 130, 132 can include a rigid, planar foot platform 162, best seen in FIGs 1 and 10-16, that can be secured with fasteners to the flat upper surface of upper flange 163 of each elongate vertical support member 160. Foot platform 162 provides a movable stage upon which a user can stand with each of the user's feet on one of the trucks 130, 132. Thus, it is understood that the size of trucks 130, 132 can be such as to receive a person's foot F upon the upper surface of foot platform 162. Foot platforms 162 of trucks 130, 132 can be provided with a traction medium, e.g., a rubber mat or grip tape, with a roughened or non-slip surface which increases the frictional forces between a user's feet and the upper surfaces of foot platforms 162. Alternatively, the upper surface of foot platforms 162 can be roughened to increase traction forces between a user's feet and the upper surfaces of foot platforms 162. Foot platform 162 may be formed of rigid, HOPE sheet material. Referring to FIGs 10-15, 17A and 17B, each vertical support member 160 can have a vertically-centered, laterally -open slot 164 configured to receive a bolt head. Slot 164 can be configured to receive tire round head and square neck of a carriage bolt. Relative to each truck 130, 132, slots 164 of the pair of vertical support members 160 face each other.

[0106] Referring to FIGs 13B-D, trucks 130, 132 can be coupled to track sections 126, 128 by right and left wheel assemblies 159r and 159s (collectively wheel assemblies 159) which allow trucks 130, 132 to roll along their respective track sections 126, 128. Wheels 166 and 168 (collectively pulley wheels 165) on wheel assemblies 159 can be rotatable about the central axis of a bolt extending therethrough. Each track 130, 132 can inchide at least one vertically oriented wheel 166, best seen in FIGs 13B and 13D. A pair of vertical wheels or road wheels 166 can be spaced longitudinally x and attached to each vertical support member 160 of tracks 130, 132. Vertical wheels 166 can be secured to their respective vertical support members 160 with carriage bolts received in slots 164, and nuts. Each truck 130, 132 can be provided with a horizontally oriented wheel 168 disposed longitudinally x intermediate each pair of vertically-oriented wheels 166. Each horizontal wheel or friction wheel 168 can be rotatable about the central axis of a bolt extending through the wheel 168 and a hole in the horizontally extending leg of an L- shaped bracket 170. L-shaped brackets 170 can be formed of an aluminum extrusion. The vertically extending leg of each bracket 170 can be affixed to its respective vertical support member 160 via carriage bolts received into slot 164 and nuts. Wheels 166 and 168 can be identical to each other, with each having a concave peripheral groove 165g or tread profile similar to that of a pulley having a concave sheave. Wheels 166 and 168 can be identical to cord pulleys 140 and 150, include a central bearing through which their attaching bolts extend, and be partially molded of a suitably rigid plastic material preferably having self-lubricating properties.

[0107] Referring to FIGs 12A-B and 13D, each track section 126, 128 can include a pair of laterally y spaced, upstanding load-bearing flanges 182, each having upper edges or rails 184r and 184s (collectively 184) on the right side 126c and 128c and left side 126d and 128d of each track section 126, 128, that wheels 166, 168 engage and roll along. Track section 126, 128 can be extruded from any suitable material possessing the necessary structural integrity such as, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Upstanding load-bearing flanges 182 of track section 126, 128 can be constructed as a single piece with upper edge or rail 184 or as a joined component to a separately formed upper edge or rail 184. Upper edge or rail 184 can be configured to define a lip atop its tipstanding load-bearing flange 182 for the purpose of attaching a truck 130, 132 to track section 126, 128. Trucks 130, 132 allow' users to perform pull and push exercises by moving a track 130, 132 along its respective track section 126, 128.

[0108] Referring to FIGs 13A-B, the latching mechanism can include L-shaped hook catch 172 atached to the frontward end of one of the vertical support members 160 of each truck 130, 132. Referring to FIGs 11A-B, biasing means, such as springs 153, bias left-hand hook 154 and right-hand hook 156 toward their engageable positions in which hooks 154, 156 can engage L-shaped hook catches 172 of their respective truck 130, 132. Hook catches 172 can be formed of any suitable material possessing the necessary structural integrity such as, for example, an aluminum extrusion.

[0109] When hook 154 or 156 is engaged with the hook catch 172 of its respective truck 130, 132, that truck 130, 132 is captured by hook 154 or 156 in a position against platform assembly 124. Rubber bumpers 186 can be provided along edges of mounting plate 136 or alternatively, on the front ends of vertical support members 160, to absorb the impact between tracks 130, 132 and platform assembly 124 when the trucks 130, 132 are moved into their positions as shown in FIG 10.

[0110] Referring to FIGs 13A-B, the latching mechanism can further include plunger 174 which extends forwardly of hook catch 172 on each truck 130, 132 to engage and displace its cooperating plunger abutment surface 155, 157 when the truck 130, 132 is sufficiently proximate to platform assembly 124. Displacement of the cooperating plunger abutment surface 155, 157 of a hook 154, 156 by the cooperating plunger 174 of one of tracks 130, 132, pivotally moves the respective hook 154, 156 for the other one of trucks 130, 132 from its engageable position to its released position, against the biasing force of that hook's spring 153. Movement of one track 130, 132 away from platform assembly 124 along its respective track section 126, 128, moves the plunger 174 thereof out of engagement with its mating plunger abutment surface 155, 157, whereby the hook 154, 156 for the other truck 130, 132 is returned to its engageable position under the influence the respective spring 153. With both trucks 130, 132 positioned against platform assembly 124 as depicted in FIG 10, and their respective plungers 174 abutting and displacing their cooperating plunger abutment surfaces 155, 157, both hooks 154 and 156 are urged into their released positions against the biasing forces of springs 153.

[0111] Referring to FIGs 11A-B, when right-hand truck 130 is moved forwardly by the user's right foot along right-hand track section 126 into close proximity with platform assembly 124, the plunger 174 of right- hand truck 130 abuts, engages and displaces right- hand plunger abutment surface 155 of left-hand hook 154, thereby moving left-hand hook 154 against the bias of its spring 153 from its engageable position (in which left-hand hook 154 is engageable with hook catch 172 of left-hand truck 132) to its released position (in which left-hand hook 154 cannot engage hook catch 172 of left-hand truck 132 and capture left-hand truck 132 relative to platform assembly 124. In other words, hook catch 172 of right-hand truck 130 becomes sufficiently proximate to platform assembly 124, plunger 174 of right-hand truck 130 abuttingly engages and displaces left-hand plunger abutment surface 157 of right-hand hook 156, thereby urging left-hand hook 154 against the biasing force of its spring 153 into its released position for left-hand track 132.

[0112] With left-hand truck 132 held by left-hand hook 154 in position against platform assembly 124 by left-hand hook 154 just prior to the movement of left-hand hook 154 against the bias of its spring 153 into its released position, the transition of left-hand hook 154 from its engageable position to its released position permits left-hand truck 132 to be moved by the user's left foot away from platform assembly 124 along left-hand track section 128 against the biasing force of the cord 134 interconnecting left-hand truck 132 and left- hand track section 128. Simultaneously with the movement of left-hand truck 132 away from platform assembly 124, plunger 174 of left-hand track 132 moves out of abutting engagement wi th left-hand plunger abutment surface 157 of spring-loaded, right-hand hook 156. Under the force of its spring 153, right-hand hook 156 is urged by its spring 153 from its released position to its engageable position, wherein right-hand hook 156 becomes either engaged or engageable with hook catch 172 of right-hand truck 130, depending on the current position of right-hand truck 130 relative to platform assembly 124.

[0113] With right-hand truck 130 still approaching platform assembly 124, when righthand hook 156 reaches its engageable position its hook catch 172 slidably engages the oblique (relative to the direction of right-hand truck 130 travel) surface of right-hand hook 156, and momentarily displace the oblique surface against the biasing force of spring 153 acting on hook 156 until the hook catch 172 of truck 130 moves past the perpendicular (relative to the direction of truck 130 travel) surface of right-hand hook 156 and is moved by the spring 153 rearward of the hook catch 172, thereby capturing right-hand truck 130 relative to platform assembly 124, until left-hand plunger abutment surface 157 of right- hand hook 156 is similarly displaced by the plunger 174 of left-hand truck 132.

[0114] The above-described, momentary displacement of either hook assembly 154 or 156 resulting from the sliding engagement between its oblique surface and the hook catch 172 of its cooperating duck 130, 132 immediately prior to the truck 130, 132 becoming captured relative to platform assembly 124, will also effect momentary transition the other hook assembly between i ts engageable and released positions. The operation, movements and positions of the latching mechanisms discussed above in connection with an exemplary embodiment of system 120 and apparatus 122 applies mutatis mutandis to both trucks 130 and 132, and that one truck 130, 132 held in position against platform assembly 124 will prevent engagement between the other truck 130, 132 and its respective hook 154, 156.

[0115] Referring to FIGs 13B-D, each elongate vertical support member 160 can include an elongate, laterally y extending lower flange 176 that can be substantially parallel with upper flange 163. Relative to each truck 130, 132, each lower flange 176 can have a laterally y inward edge 180. Relative to each track section 126, 128, each elongate track section 126, 128 can have a pair of laterally y spaced, upstanding side flanges 216. Relative to each truck 130, 132 and its respective track section 126, 128, each laterally y inward edge 180 can be disposed laterally y outside and closely adjacent to, but spaced from, an upstanding loadbearing flange 182.

[0116] Referring to FIGs 12A-B and 13D, each longitudinally x extending upstanding load-bearing flange 182 of track section 126, 128 can include an upper rail or edge 184 which can be substantially circular in longitudinal x cross-section. The vertically extending portion of tipstanding load-bearing flange 182 can extend tangentially from the laterally y outward portion of its respective upper rails or edge 184. The pair of upper edges 184 on each track section 126, 128 can extend laterally y inwardly from its respective upstanding load-bearing flange 182. The vertical wheels 166 on the respective lateral y sides of each truck 130, 132, can be configured and arranged to engage the upwardly-facing portion of its corresponding upper edge 184. Like wise, the horizontal wheel 168 on the respective lateral y sides of each truck 130, 132, can be configured and arranged to engage the laterally y inwardly facing portion of its corresponding upper edge 184. Wheels 166 and 168 roll about their respective axes of rotation along upper edges 184, thereby supporting truck 130, 132 vertically and laterally y relative to its respective track section 126, 128. The circumferential surface(s) forming the concave sheave of each wheel 166, 168 engaging its associated upper edge 184 between two circumferentially-spaced endpoints of an arcuate surface segment that partially extends about the substantially circular cross-section of its engaged upper edge 184.

[0117] The concave tread of each wheel 166, 168 can be radiused to match the substantially circular profile of upper edge 184, and provide line contact between wheel 166, 168 and its engaged upper edge 184 circumferentially along the arcuate surface segment of the engaged upper edge 184. Alternatively, the concave tread of each wheel 166, 168 can be configured to provide point contact between wheel 166, 168 and its engaged upper edge 184, at the circumferentially-spaced endpoints of the arcuate surface segment of its engaged upper edge 184.

[0118] Referring to FIGs 10 and 15A-D, mounting plate 136 can provide a large surface area to which a gusset 220 can be attached forwardly of hook cover 152. A separate vertical post or stanchion accessory 222 can be selectively connected to platform assembly 124 via gusset 220. Gusset 220 can be sufficiently spaced from hook cover 152 to accommodate widthwise placement of a shoed foot of a user F on mounting plate 136 to facilitate certain exercises, such as shown in FIGs 19A-B. Gusset 226 can include buttressing wedge 224 affixed to mounting plate 136 and connected to bracket 226 having a vertically extending T- slot 144 selectively receivable of vertical post or stanchion accessory 222, which can then be secured to mounting plate 136. Referring to FIGs 15A-D, vertical post or stanchion accessory 222 can provide various locations along its height for selecti ve attachment of a waist belt 228 worn about the waist of a user. Belt 228 can be configured and arranged for quick attachment to a selected vertical position along the height of post 222 via any suitable means including a strap and carabiner. Post 222 and belt 228 can hold the user's center of gravity at the apex 123 of the apparatus 122, thereby guiding them to maintain a squat position throughout the exercise and learn this technical position by maintaining this posture. This approach can be extremely helpful in training hockey skaters with emphasis on technique. One purpose of providing the optional gusset 220, post 222 and belt 228 is to force a user into the right technical athletic stance while using system 120 and apparatus 122. It prevents the user from standing in an upright position and forces them to stay in a semisquat position on trucks 130, 132, where they must bend their knees with a forward body lean.

[0119] Referring to FIGs 1, 14A-B, 16A-B, 17A-B, 18A-B, 19A-B, 20A-B, and 21A-B, system 120 can include a static platform 200 attachable to track section 126 or 128 in a desired lateral y position away from the corresponding truck 130 or 132. Static platform 200 can be set anywhere along the longitudinal length x of track section 126 or 128 on either lateral y side thereof for the desired workout and amount of leg movement required by the user. Static platform 200 can include anti-slip tape 204 applied to its upper surface. Relative to its position coupled to a track section 126, 128, static platform 200 can include laterally y outward support leg 206 and laterally y inward support leg 208 having L-shaped bracket 210 that includes a downwardly projecting flange 212 to emphasize single leg pushes and pulls, and forward and backward cross-overs and cross-unders. A downwardly projecting flange 212 can be provided on an edge of the static platform 200 for insertion into a channel or upwardly open slot 214 defined between an upstanding load-bearing flange 182 and adjacent upstanding side flange 216 of track section 126, 128.

[0120] Static platform 200 is operable for laterally y offset selective engagement in a stationary position to either side of track section 126, 128 of track section 126 or 128. The user places one foot on the truck 130, 132 moveably disposed on the track section, and places the other foot on the static platform 200. The static platform 200 can be used with an embodiment of the apparatus 122 having only one track section 126, 128 and one truck 130, 132, thereby rendering a latching mechanism 138 superfluous. Referring to FIGs 16A-B, 17A-B, 18A-B, 20A-B, and 21A-B,, the static platform 200 facilitates one-legged push and pull exercises.

[0121] Referring to FIGs 20A-B, and 21 A-B, abduction and adduction muscle movements of the lower body simulate a skating cross-over movement used in skating and can be done with the user facing in either lateral y direction relative to track section 126, 128. With the truck 130, 132 in its starting position at the front of apparatus 122 and unlocked from hook assembly or latching mechanism 138, the user places one foot on the static platform 200 and their other foot on foot platform 162 of the track 130, 132. The user then proceeds to pull the trucks 130, 132 towards the mid-line of their body and pushes the trucks 130, 132 past their body's mid-line, thus training the muscles to pull/push as when performing forward or backward cross-over and cross-under movements.

[0122] Referring to FIGs 10, 13A and 13C, to better simulate the angle of a skater's ankle, a pair of angled platform assemblies 188 can be selectively positioned onto and attached to the upper surface of foot platform 162 of a respective truck 130, 132. Each angled platform assembly 188 can include a rigid, planar raised platform 190 having an upper surface that, as selectively installed onto a truck 130, 132, can be transversely z (i.e., vertically) sloped relative to tire upper surface of foot platform 162 of the respective track 130, 132 for encouraging plantarflexion positioning of a foot resting upon the raised platform 190. Raised platform 190 can be formed of rigid, HDPE sheet material and preferably has approximately the same shape and area as foot platform 162 to which it is attached. The raised platform 190 of each angled platform assembly 188 as installed can be configured and arranged for oblique orientation relative to foot platform 162 for encouraging medial M rotation of a foot resting upon the raised platform 190. Referring to FIG 13C, each angled platform assembly 188 can include a spaced pair of wedges 192 affixed to the underside of raised platform 190 to achieve the desired transverse z slope. Each platform assembly 188 can be attached to a respective foot platform 162 of a respective truck 130, 132 with pins 194 (which may be tire threaded end portions of bolts secured to wedges 192) projecting from the bottom surface of each wedge 192 and selectively received through at least one pair of clearance holes (not shown) in foot platform 162. [0123] Referring to FIGs 10, 13A and 13C, angled platform assembly 188 can include separable foot rests or heel locators 198. Foot rests or heel locators 198 can be small upright structures against which a user’s heel can abut. Each foot rest or heel locator 198 can project upward from the associated foot platform 162 for providing at least a tactile indication of proper foot placement on the foot platform 162 and more preferably provides phy sical guidance into proper foot placement on the foot platform 162 with an upward projecting heelengaging stop surface 199. Each foot rest or heel locator 198 can include a through hole 1961 and a slot 196a through which a pair of bolts 195 r extend and affix the foot rest 198 to foe platform 162 or 190 on which it is mounted. Foot rests 198 can be selectively secured to the rearward upper surface of each raised platform 190 by bolts 195i which extend through at least one pair of clearance holes 196 in each raised platform 190, and can be angularly adjustable relative to the platform surface by positioning the slot 1962 relative to its bolt 195i, and tightening the wingnuts bolts 1952 for encouraging a desired medial M or lateral y rotational position of the foot.

[0124] Alternately foot rests 198 can be selectively secured to the rearward upper surfaces of foot platforms 162 by the holts 195r which extend through at least one pair of clearance boles 196 in foot platforms 162, and can be angularly adjustable relative to the platform surface by positioning foe slot 1962 relative to its bolt 1951, and tightening the wingnuts 1952 as described above.

[0125] Although the present invention has been described with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, from the foregoing description one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of the present invention and various changes and modifications may be made to adapt its various uses and characteristics without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as described by the claims which follow.

[0126] Thus, while exemplary embodiments have been disclosed hereinabove, the invention is not necessarily limited to the disclosed embodiments and can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure using its general principles and departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this present disclosure pertains, and which fall within the limits of the appended claims. USE

[0127] The exercise and training apparatus 122 can be used to develop, improve and advance skating technique and proficiency, muscle strength and memory, and avoid detrimental habits and behaviors, including those described herein.

Hockey Fundamentals

I Posture I

[0128] Posture and skating is as important for athletes as it is in any sport. Skaters need to be relaxed. Practice does not make perfect, but practicing perfectly does. Very little time is spent teaching correct skating posture. The body lean, knee bend, balance, stride, hip, arm and shoulder movement, stomach in, chest high and head up are all key posture attributes for proper skating.

[0129] Trying to develop hockey skills without the foundation of skating is an impossible task. Many coaches give little attention to the development of correct technique because of the shortage of ice and time. The smart hockey player or coach will continually try to improve skating technique and correct bad habits.

[0130] In analyzing hockey skating, it is found that there are several types of skating. These can be placed in the following categories: Free skating is straight away, open ice skating, either with or without the puck, Agility skating is needed to maneuver when puck carrying or checking, trying to shake a covering checker, or breaking away, stopping quickly, and backward skating is important when checking a puck carrier, trying to cover a man, or maneuvering to get free during a ganging attack or power play.

[0131] A hockey player ought to develop top-level efficiency in all three categories. Such ability is rarely seen. Those who are excellent free skaters are quite often not good agility skaters, and vice versa. Too few are good backward skaters, mainly because so little time is spent practicing this extremely important type of skating.

[0132] Athletes, being human, tend to shy away from their weaknesses and concentrate on their strong points. Few who have a weakness in one of these phases of skating get around to doing anything about it. I Body Lean I

[0133] When a skater moves forward they should try to keep their upper body a little ahead of their hips. This will gi ve them maximum forward propulsion just as the proper body lean helps the sprinter on the track. This forward body lean should not be overemphasized or considerable body balance and maneuverability will be lost. Each body type demands a different degree of lean. Experiment to find the lean that seems to provide the maximum speed together with a feeling of balance and comfort. Anywhere from a 10 to 25 degree forward lean of the upper body is sufficient. The forward body lean should be made from tire hips and there should be no forward straining of the head.

[0134] Failure to use a forward body lean is one of the common faults of the average hockey player. It is quite common to see players skating down the ice with their body in erect position. In this position a lot of forward drive is lost when the skate is pressed against the ice, particularly in the pushing off action at the end of each stride. Players who skate with their body erect not only lose forward dri ve but also ran on their skates with a high foot 1 ift. They are easy to knock off their feet.

I Knee Bend I

[0135] Proper knee bend is one of the keys to speed, balance, power and control. The knee should be flexible and bent approximately 2 inches in front of the toes, or to a point where the skater cannot see the toes of their skates. The only time the knee is straightened is when the leg is fully extended during the push just before the skate leaves the ice. As the foot recovers for the next leg thrust the knee must be well bent. By lowering the center of gravity with a knee bend, a skater will have power during the full extension of the leg during the push. The knee bend also allows a skater to keep their skates underneath them for balance and agility, as well as improving stride length, mobility and speed.

[0136] Most athletes do not care to go beyond their comfort zone. Bending the knees is not comfortable, especially trying to achieve a 90 degree bend in the glide leg. Knowing that one shottld bend the knees is one thing, but doing it is another. Players should try to bend the knees lower than what feels comfortable for them, or lower than where they usually skate. If the legs tire not burning (especially in the thigh area) at the end of a practice, the knees are probably not bent into the optimal position. [0137] One can achieve a lower knee bend by pulling the shoulders back and bringing the seat down. Knee bends mean power. Players generally use a low knee bend when they are skating fast because a knee bend isn’t needed when skating slowly. The amount of knee bend of the gliding leg also determines how far a skater can thrust their pushing leg against the ice and away from their body. A deep knee bend allows a skater to push further, producing more speed.

I Balance I

[0138] Balance in skating is very important for it is the proper distribution or transfer of body weight over the skates. Balance also allows greater maneuverability and speed.

Balance is largely controlled by the upper body positioning and by weight transfer over the skates.

[0139] Body weight should always be transferred to the gliding forward foot. As a skater reaches full extension, the other foot is brought forward transferring the weight for the next glide. During recovery, the feet are returned to the "V" position. Each thrust is at a 45 degree angle. When the leg is fully extended, the toes are the last point of contact with body weight shifting midway through the leg drive.

[0140] Lack of balance when skating back ward is a common and often serious weakness. All players, not only those playing defense, should strive to improve their balance on all backwards skating moves. This will make them more versatile in game situations.

[0141] Excellent balance is important on the flats of the blades, the inside edge of either skate, the outside edge of ei ther skate, and on one skate.

! Foot Action I

[0142] After a final thrust has been made at the end of a stride, the foot should come forward with the toes facing dead ahead. After a short forward glide, the toe is turned outward. The skate is then pressed backward and well to the side, and a long push motion is made against the ice. On the way back on the thrusting part of the stride the foot gradually turns outward. When the final push is made the toe of the skate is nearly pointing to the side at the right angle.

[0143] The moment the final push has been made, the foot is brought forward again as quickly as possible and as close to the ice as feasible. The knee should lead this recovery for another stride. It often helps to think of whipping the knee forward again for another stride, instead of the foot. When one foot completes a thrust, it should be brought alongside the other before the next thrust begins.

I Stride I

[0144] There has been in the past a lot of controversy about the importance of stride in skating, especially in free skating. A simple rule is to take as long a stride as is comfortable. After the final thrust of the skate, try to reach forward a little harder with the knee. Then concentrate on gliding a little longer on the forward skate before letting the foot start moving outward to the side for another stride. The length of a skater’s stride depends on the flexibility and length of the muscles used in the skating action, especially hip, back and thigh muscles.

[0145] A player needs to exercise their muscles for strength and flexibility to make long strides. All strides need to be long strides. The time of the glide is the only difference between skating fast or slow. Speed is achieved by rapidly returning the feet to the “V” position, reducing the glide time. The leg extension, push, knee bend, and posture need to be the same for every stride.

[0146] In free skating, such as back-checking or going up with the puck carrier, a skater can use a fairly long stride that will save energy. When carrying the puck or covering a zone man, it is better to use a shorter stride to change direction, stop, or turn quickly.

I Proper Technique i

[0147] Developing proper technique is important at any age in order to avoid or correct bad habits. Correct posture is critical to becoming a good skater. Skating skills are the most important part of hockey and quite often the most neglected due to unknowledgeable coaches, instructors, or lack of ice time. Proper technique is required for all elements of skating, including forward stride, cross-overs, backward skating, stops and starts.

[0148] The proper technique includes (i) knees bent 2 inches over the toes, (ii) shoulder forward and even with the knee, (iii) back straight, (iv) head up, and (v) low body center of gravity. i Arm, Shoulder, Hip and Body Movement i

[0149] Many skaters develop the bad habit of throwing their weight from side to side by swinging their arms and shoulders out to the sides. The shoulders should be kept square and level to body movement. During the push the arms should be in time with the legs, but unlike running where arm and leg movements work in tandem with their opposite appendage, the arm and leg work together in tandem on the same side (left leg, left arm, or right leg and right arm).

[0150] Bring the same arm forward as the pushing leg, and the opposite firm backward, always keeping palms turned slightly upward. Never crossing the mid sagittal plane of the body in the arm swing, trains one to throw their weight forward in time with the lower body movements. To keep proper balance and full coordination in skating, it is necessary to utilize the arm and shoulder action in coordination with the feet. The arms provide rhythm and drive forward.

[0151] The hips are very important in skating. The average player fails to get enough hip action during skating. Each time a forward stride is taken, skaters should lead or start the action with the hip, bringing it around and forward in a definite snap. The upper body then cooperates to free the hips by turning slightly sideways. For example, when taking a forward stride with the right leg, the right hip should be swung around and into the action, moving it into the direction the foot is taking. The right shoulder and arm then go around and forward in the same way and the upper body twists a little to the left from the waist. When drive off the right foot at the completion of the stride, the same thing is done with the left leg, left hip, left shoulder and left arm, the body of course turning to the right. Because the muscles of the hip supply most of the forward propulsion in skating, coordination and flexibility are invaluable in the hip region.

I Toe or Heel Landing I

[0152] Many players place either the toe or the heel of their skate on the ice first at the start of each stride. This spoils the movement of the stride and also affects balance and power. It is caused by either to great a forward body lean (front part of the skate touches the ice first) or to erect a position (in which the heel of the skate touches the ice first). Other causes include reaching with the foot instead of the knee as the leg comes forward to take a stride, and keeping the ankle held stiffly when the foot is being brought forward after the thrust. It is important that the ankle be kept loose and relaxed when the foot is coming forward to take another stride. The lower leg should hang loosely from the knee on the recovery period.

I Muscle Weakness I

[0153] Many players do not skate properly because there is a muscular weakness in some part of the body that prevents the performance of certain actions. When this is tire case the player often unconsciously makes some adjustment in style in an attempt to use a stronger muscle. This, of course, creates a faulty, often awkward, style. For example, players with insufficiently developed quadriceps (muscle on front part of upper leg) often fail to bend their knees sufficiently. They do this because when the knees are bent, the quadriceps are in continuous hard action. If they are weak, bending the knee will bring on fatigue or cause a sense of insecurity and imbalance, for the muscles quiver under a load they cannot easily handle. The answer, of course, is not to stop bending the knees but to develop the quadriceps through special exercises and persevere in the bent knee action.

I Muscle Ankles I

[0154] This is another bogey of aspiring hockey players. It is usually caused by a poor development of the supinator foot muscle. Weakness of the muscles up and down the shin bone creates inefficiency and fatigue during skating. However, any muscular weakness including weak ankle muscles can be overcome through special exercises. In fact, every hockey player, no matter how strong they seem to be, should do special exercises designed to strengthen, stretch, and make flexible the muscles used in skating.

I Forward Skating I

[0155] All strides are technically alike. The basic difference between them is merely the length of the glide (Le., how long one spends gliding before the next foot takes the ice).

There should be no difference in the amount of force exerted on each thrust or in the techniques of the leg drive, weight shift, and leg recovery. Each forward stride must start with the feet close together in the "V" position, with knees turned outward and body centered over top of the feet.

[0156] Push either the left or right foot outward. A proper skating stride must always be backward and outward at a 45 degree angle to the hips. When pushing the skate outward, the foot moves at a 45 degree angle from the hip. The longer the stride with the pushing leg knee straight the greater the speed when free skating. The opposite knee (of glide foot and leg) will be approximately a 90 degree knee bend. The only time either knee should be straightened is during the push and like extension, otherwise the knee must be well bent. Transfer body weight during the leg extensions to the gliding foot while maintaining the center of gravity over the upper body.

[0157] When bringing the foot forward for another stride, the knee should be well bent and the body profile remaining low. The body should not be brought upward. Keep shoulders forward. Always keep the knee in front of the foot. The final thrust from the front of die inside edge is sometimes referred to as the "toe flick". A snap of the ankle and inside edge of the toe against the ice gives the thrust a powerful finish.

[0158] The skater is now' ready to make an opposite foot and leg push.

I Backward Skating I

[0159] Backward skating is a series of backward "C" pushes by alternating legs to build up speed. Skating backwards requires correct posture similar to forward skating. Weight must be evenly balanced. The gliding leg determines direction and must point straight backward in the direction of traveling. Knees must be well bent, covering the toes.

Shoulders kept back, back straight, head up, and eyes forward. Lowering the head causes body weight to shift forward, resulting in the body leaning over the toes and a loss of balance - slowing the skater down or risking a fall. The stick should be held in the top hand only.

[0160] Transfer body weight as the foot is pushed out from directly under the body at a 45-degree push, to a full extension forming a ”C” in the ice while the oilier foot glides straight ahead. Dig the inside edge of the skate into the ice. Drive the leg powerfully out against the edge, using a forceful snapping action of the leg. After completing the "C" cut, the pushing legs should come back to its original position. Keep hips square throughout the stride. i Cross-overs i

[0161] Cross-overs are used for swerving in and out of traffic, zigzagging and weaving and circling. Cross-overs also help a skater to gain speed when circling. Cross-overs require use of tire blade edges. [0162] A forward cross-over/cross-under involves crossing one leg in front of the other leg to turn either left or right. The inside leg pushes out with the outer edge of the skate, while the outside forward leg pulls and glides in the direction of the turn. Body weight is placed over the outside skate. Each push starts with the pushing foot well under the body and ends with the pushing leg and knee fully extended away from the body. Knees are kept bent and body weight is centered over the pushing leg.

[0163] A backward cross-over involves reaching the back forward leg outward, in the direction of travel, and pulling the body backward, followed by crossing the legs under the opposite glide leg. The leg is pushed under to a full extension. Power is developed by pushing under of the inside leg. Knees tire kept bent and body weight is transferred from inside to outside during the push and cross-over.

[0164] Backward cross-overs are used for defending against an attacking player as they swerve or zigzag or weave down the ice. They are also commonly used to accelerate and, as in forward cross-overs, they are an effective way of accelerating backward. Knees are to be kept bent at all times.

I Starts I

[0165] Hockey is a very fast sport where the game can be won or lost in a few seconds. Players must be able to accelerate into high gear from a complete stop from any position or they will find themselves hopelessly left behind. Hockey is a sport of short bursts and quick changes in directions. Explosive starts require quick, running-type strides (i.e., strides so rapid they appear choppy since the skates do not have time to glide). These leg drives need to be extremely powerful, complete and rapid. The three keys to achieving explosive acceleration are: quickness, power, and projecting body weight in the desired direction of travel. There are three basic starts: forward, side, and backward.

[0166] A forward start begins wi th the skates directly under the body forming the letter “V”, with heels together and knees turned outward. It is very important to maintain this narrow base of the lower body throughout the start. Knees are bent about two inches out over the toes of the skates (90 degrees). The body is thrust forward by applying 100% of the body weight to the pushing foot's front part of the inside edge (the toe of the skate), followed by landing on the front part of the inside edge of the other foot (with this skate directly under the body) and then exploding off the landing foot even further forward while springing forward and not upward. Head up, chest held high and aims driven forward in time with the legs. The initial three to four strides should come from the toe part of the inside of the skate blade. This provides an explosive running motion.

[0167] A side (cross-over) start is often used following a stop in order to change direction. In the hockey stop position the player is turned sideways, ready to drive off sideways into the side start. Start by crossing the outside leg over the inside leg. The inside leg pushes under the outside leg. With knees bent, project the body weight into the direction of travel. The first few steps are rapid, powerful tunning steps. A combination of powerful leg drives and quick feet are desired.

[0168] Backward cross-over starts avoid the unwanted movement of turning around backward to a play. A defender must be able to start backwards quickly to stay ahead of and face an onrushing attacker. The backward cross-overs begins with a powerful C-cut push to a full extension before crossing over the opposite leg. The inside leg is then crossed under the body with a scissor push as the other leg (now the free leg) crosses over. As in all starts, drive the legs rapidly and powerfully.

I Stops I

[0169] Change of direction using a quick stop (both forward and backward) is a vital fundamental part of hockey. There are several stops from elementary to difficult, including (i) two-foot snow plow (forward and backwards), (ii) one-foot snow plow (forward and backwards), (iii) T- stop, (iv) hockey stop, and (v) one-foot stop.

[0170] Forward hockey stops involve bending the knees so deep that it feels like sitting down in a chair. Head is kept up and back kept straight. Hips turned 90 degrees from the direction of last travel, with both skates turning at the same time. The outside skate slides along the top of the ice on an inside edge. The inside skate trails the outside skate and also slides on top of the ice but on an outside edge. For beginners the feet should be wide and parallel. For more advanced skaters, the feet should be wide and staggered at this point (not parallel) with the inside foot in front of the outside foot by a full skate length or more. The body weight should be distributed with a greater percentage to the outside skate (inside edge). If too much weight is over the inside foot (outside edge), then the skates will slide out from underneath the skater causing a fall or at least a temporary loss of balance. The stop should be counterbalanced with the upper body, by keeping the shoulders parallel to the ice rather than leaning or dropping the inside shoulder down towards the ice.

[0171] Backward hockey stops involve bending the knees over the toes while keeping the head up and back straight. Hips should face the direction of last travel. Turn the knees outward and bring the heels in under the shoulders (both skates turn at the same time). Upon gaining control of the slide, dig the inside edges of the skates into the ice harder to come to a stop (drop ankles in). Body weight should be centered directly over both skates, avoiding to much forward lean that will cause a loss of balance. Step up onto the toes and explode forward for a quicker start in another direction.

I Turns I

[0172] Turns are the ability to change body direction instantly from forwards to backwards and vice versa. Turns utilize the edges of the skates. In executing a turn, the upper body and hips must rotate in the direction of travel before changing feet. The feet step around after the body has arrived.

I Pivots I

[0173] Pivoting means reversing forward skating to backwards skating and vice versa, while continuing the same direction w ithout stopping. This skill is particularly important for defensemen. The key in pivoting is the ability to shift weight quickly and with good balance. A pivot begins by rotating one skate outward, bringing it on the other side of the gliding skate but facing the opposite direction, followed by backward rotation of the shoulders.

Skating Flaw Remediation Training

[0174] Skaters who move their upper body up and down as they skate are dubbed “bobbing skaters”. They bend low during the push with the 90 degree knee band but then pop up during the recovery.

[0175] Bobbing skaters typically have weak muscles. Maintaining a squat is stressful and tiring. When a player brings their body up in the return they take the load off of their glide leg. To be an efficient and powerful skater they need to train the muscles to be able to squat and stay low. With a mentor or a mirror, a player using the system 120 can observe their body bobbing and know that they need to develop their muscles. [0176] Skaters who skate tense are dubbed “stiff skaters”. Stiff skaters are to tense and have not learned to relax. When a skater tightens every muscle in their body to skate they waste their energy and tire quickly. The result is strain and stress on the body with restricted movement.

[0177] Stiff skaters commonly worry about falling or getting hit. With a mentor or a mirror, a player using the system 120 can observe their rigid, stiff and strained body posture when skating and while in a non-threatening environment with running shoes on can learn proper posture and stride techniques. This will build up their muscles and teach them to skate well, giving them the confidence, strength, and balance they need to relax.

[0178] Skaters who bang their feet down into the ice with each stride are dubbed “clydesdale skaters”. Feet should be pick up off the ice just high enough to bring the foot forward and then placed smoothly back onto the ice for a push.

[0179] The system 120 prevents a user from lifting their feet off the truck 130, 132, thereby training a player to keep their feet low to the ice whereby they will set their feet down back onto the ice softer over time.

[0180] Skaters who skate with knees pointed in resulting in feet also turned in are dibbed “straight line skaters”. They appear to be skating in a straight line, with the blade on the pushing foot failing to fully grip the ice and pushing in a straight line. This skating style is very unstable.

[0181] The system 120 dictates angled leg movement, requiring the user to slide their feet in and out as they move back and forth. With repeated training on the system 120 the player achieves mind and muscle memory on the proper stride movement.

[0182] Skaters who lift their feet and knees too high are dubbed “prancers”. This skating style wastes energy, impairs balance and slows the skater down

[0183] The system 120 prevents a user from lifting their feet off the truck 130, 132. The push and return are identical each and every time and prevent the user from lifting their knee. Over time the player will learn to keep their feet low with proper returns in a squat position.

[0184] Skaters who take abnormally short strides are dubbed “railroad skaters”. They look like they’re skating down a railroad track with each skate following one of the tracks. Their strides are short, taking far more steps to cover the same ground as a skater with a 90 degree knee bend and a full leg push. They have not learned to fully recover their pushing leg. They tire quickly and are often slow skaters.

[0185] The system 120 prevents a user from pushing until their leg is fully returned underneath their body. The glide leg is locked and will not allow the player to push the glide leg until the pushing leg returns. Over time the player gains muscle and mind memory to bring their feet back underneath them.

[0186] Skaters who sway from side to side as the skate are dubbed “pitchfork skaters”. They often have both hands on the hockey stick. The arms and shoulders throw body weight side to side instead of forward. The feet and hips are working to move the body forward while the arms and shoulders are working to move the body in die opposite direction.

[0187] With a mentor or a mirror, a player using the system 120 can observe their tendency to sway from side-to-side. Once observed, with focus and repetition the player can gain mind and muscle memory to avoid the side-to-side movement and move their upper body correctly.

[0188] Skaters who remain upright throughout a stride are dubbed “upright skaters”. They have simply never learned to get low, hence their stride is short with a high center of gravity. This is common among weak muscle skaters and tall above average players. To be an efficient and powerful skater they need to train the muscles to be able to squat and stay low. With a mentor or a mirror, a player using the system 120 can observe their upright posture and know that they need to develop their muscles.

Training Techniques Using the System 120

I Improving Stride Length I

[0189] A player should first establish their maximum comfortable stride length on the system 120 and mark this initial stride length position on the track sections 126, 128 with masking tape or similar- temporary indicia. Promptly move the initial stride length positions 1 -2 inches further back on the track sections 126, 128. The player should then exercise with stride lengths reaching the new mark until that becomes comfortable, and thereafter repeating over time until they are fully extended. The ultimate goal is a 90 degree bend in the glide leg. I Forward Stride Exercise I

Starting Position

[0190] Begin by optionally adjusting the foot rest 198 to the foot size of the user. Referring to FIGs 15A-D, with the trucks 130, 132 locked at the apex 123 of the apparatus 122 and wearing shoes rather than skates, step onto each truck 130, 132 from inside the triangle of the apparatus 122 with feet flat on top of each truck 130, 132 and each foot resting against the foot rest 198. Each forward stride starts with the feet close together in the “V” position, knees turned outward and body centered over top of the feet (more commonly known as an athletic stance in hockey).

[0191] With tlie foot rests 198 positioned perpendicular to the track sections 126, 128, each push will result in a 45° hip opening. Younger and less skilled skaters should start with their hips open at a 45° angle. More proficient skaters may prefer a 30° angle setting for the foot rest 198. Regardless of the hip opening angle each leg extension will end up at a 45° behind the glide leg.

Starting Posture

[0192] Key posture techniques to proper skating include body lean, knee bend, square shoulders, chest up, back straight, arms relaxed in front of the lap, and head up. Standing on both trucks 130, 132 with feet in the “V” position, bend the knees under the body until the knees are 2 to 3 inches past the toes. Lean the body forward at the hips by pivoting at the hip, with back straight, until tire shoulders are vertically in front of each knee. Bend at the elbow at an 85 to 90° angle with hands free, with head up, chest up and looking forward.

Forward Stride

[0193] Push either tire left or right foot outward. A proper skating stride must always be backward and outward laterally y at a 30° to 45° hip opening. With the foot rests 198 set at 45°, push the truck 130, 132 backward traveling at a 45° angle from behind the body and at a 45° opening at the hip. When making a stride, take as long a stride as is comfortable. The longer the stride to achieving a straight pushing leg knee, will result in greater speed when free skating. Do not move the body’s center of gravity backward in the push, but rather keep the butt over top of the apex 123 of the apparatus 122. The opposite knee (glide foot and leg) should be at approximately a 90° knee bend. The only time either knee should be straightened is during the push and leg extension, otherwise the knees must be well bent. Transfer body weight during the leg extensions to the locked gliding foot, maintaining the body’s center of gravity over die upper body.

[0194] When bringing the foot forward for another stride, the knee should be well bent and body profile low. Do not bring the body upward. Make tire lower body do all the work. Keep shoulders forward. Always keep the knee in front of the glide foot. As soon as the final push has been made, the toe of the foot should be in control of the truck 130, 132 returning to the “V” stopped position. The bias placed on the truck 130, 132 automatically returns the truck 130, 132 ready for the locked glide position, preparing for an opposite foot and leg push.

[0195] Skaters tend to be stronger in the push off phase (concentric muscle movement) and weaker on the return (eccentric muscle movement). When skating on ice a skater need only raise the returning foot an inch or so off the ice. When training on the apparatus 122, a user must keep their foot on the trucks 130, 132. This will train the user’s muscle to be faster, stronger, and more flexible, translating into greater speed. Push off and return at equal speed. As an example push off at a 1 .. 2.. 3.. steady cadence count, then return to a 1 ..2..3.. count at the same cadence. Avoid slamming of the trucks 130, 132 into components at the apex 123 of the apparatus 122. Focus on form.

Weight and Balance

[0196] When making forward strides, weight should always be on the gliding foot. When using the apparatus 122, weight should be transferred to the foot on the locked truck 130, 132 simulating the glide. Al ways keep shoulders level, and head up. Avoid leaning on any object or placing hands on hips or knees. Maintain balance of the upper torso directly over the “V” position of the apparatus 122.

[0197] awkward weight and balance movements are commonly experienced during the early stages of training using the apparatus 122, with an occasional sense of an impending fall off die trucks 130, 132. This is a common feeling until a user learns to achieve timely weight shifts and maintenance of the center of gravity directly under the body. Push with the feet. Avoid wiggling (i.e., rotating the hips and/or pivoting the knees outward before the foot moves). After a few short workouts, balance begins to improve. Placing a mirror in front during a workout helps wi th form and technique as form is observed. A hockey stick can be held in one hand (out to the side) after balance is achieved, but should never be used as prop or crutch for balance. Arm and Shoulder Movement

[0198] Proper turn and shoulder movements are important in skating to help propel foe body in the forward direction. A skater’s arms and shoulders should not be thrown from side to side as this detracts from forward momentum. Arms should be moved in time with foot and leg pushes (left arm forward - left leg outward, right arm forward - right leg outward). Avoiding any tendency to cross the sagittal midpoint of the body during an arm swing, trains the body to throw the tipper body forward in time with the lower body. As an example, push with the left foot, then swing the left arm forward with the palm of the left hand turned slightly up - never crossing the sagittal midline of the body. Coordinated same-side action of the arms and shoulders with the feet helps maintain proper balance and coordination in skating.

I Cross-overs i

[0199] Cross-over moves allow a player to execute circles and curves for weaving in and out of traffic, move laterally, and skate circles forwards or backwards. Centripetal and centrifugal forces come into play when performing these moves. Centripetal forces are necessary to keep an object moving in a curved path and that is directed inward toward the center of rotation. Centrifugal force is felt by an object moving in a curved path that acts outwardly away from the center of rotation.

[0200] Many times a skater needs to skate tight curves and circles at high speeds. Deep knee bends are important along with learning to use their edges to grip the ice. The body should counteract the centripetal and centrifugal forces. Balance is critical with a body lean. Stresses are put on the lower body (hips, knees, and ankles) to perform these moves.

[0201] A strong core is extremely important to control the center of gravity because the upper body leans outward as the lower body leans inward with deep knee bends.

[0202] Forward cross-overs involve the outside leg stepping over the inside leg with weight shifting from the inside skate on the outside edge to the outside leg (stepping) crossing over gliding on the inside edge. With two steps comes two pushes. Push with the pushing skate directly under the center of gravity and place weight on the pushing skate. Push first, cross-over second with weight change halfway through like forward skating. Pushes are outward and inward. [0203] Backward Cross-over are used mostly in a defensive posture and certainly by all defensemen. A backward cross-over is a pull/push movement. The inside skate crosses under the outside skate, pulling through and pushing out. The opposite leg is the glide leg and pushes out while the back leg is the leading leg and steps inward to pull and push under the glide leg. The adductors fire in the pull skating movement.

[0204] The static platform 200 strengthens the pull/push muscle groups for backward skating and forward cross-overs. The static platform 200 is placed next to the track section 126, 128 and extends away from the line of travel for the truck 126, 128. When skating backward the leading leg is the back leg which now is the leading leg. For the backward cross-under the forward leg becomes the glide leg (facing away from the track section 126, 128) and the back leg is doing the pull/push on the truck 130, 132. The static platform 200 can be moved to the other track section 126, 128 to perform backwards cross-unders with the opposite leg by lifting up the static platform 200 and placing it aside the other track section 126, 128.

[0205] For forward skating cross-overs, face toward the track section 126, 128 and place the side leg on the truck 130, 132 with the back glide leg on the static platform 200. Then pull and push the forward leg past the back glide leg. The static platform 200 can be moved to the other track section 126, 128 to perform forward cross-overs with the opposite leg by lifting up the static platform 200 and placing it aside the other track section 126, 128.

Claims

An exercise and training apparatus, comprising:

(a) a pair of interconnected track sections each having first and second longitudinal ends and right and left laterally spaced rails, and extending at a divergent angle relative to each other from the first longitudinal ends,

(b) a pair of trucks, each engageable with the right and left rails on an associated one of the pair of track sections for longitudinal reciprocating travel along the associated track section, with each truck including at least a right side wheel assembly, a left side wheel assembly, and a foot platform for supporting a foot of an exerciser atop the right and left wheel assemblies, and

(c) a latching mechanism operable for automatically and repetitively effecting alternating latching of a released truck and releasing of a latched truck as the released truck arrives at an exchange point along the longitudinal length of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a means for biasing each truck towards the first longitudinal end of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pair of elastic cords, each in operable communication with an associated one of the trucks for biasing the associated truck towards the first longitudinal end of the associated track and providing resistance against longitudinal travel of the associated truck along the associated track section away from the first end. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first longitudinal ends of the track sections converge at a junction and the apparatus further comprises an upright stanchion removably secured to the apparatus proximate the junction. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a static platform releasably engageable with a side of one of the track sections for selective fixation of the static platform to the frack section at a desired longitudinal location for designating a static foot placement position projecting laterally aside the track section for performing a cross-under training exercise. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a heel locator projecting upward from each foot platform for providing a tactile indication of proper foot placement on the foot platform. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 6 wherein the heel locator further provides physical guidance into proper foot placement on the foot platform and an upward projecting heel-engaging stop surface. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1, wherein the right side wheel assembly and the left side wheel assembly each include pulley wheels having peripheral grooves configured and arranged to accommodate the right side and left side rails within the peripheral grooves respectively. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1, wherein the right side wheel assembly and the left side wheel assembly are each limited to two road wheels, and at least one and no more than two side friction wheels, sans any up-stop wheels. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 8, wherein at least tire side friction wheels arc pulley wheels. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1, wherein each track section has a longitudinal length of 3 to 8 ft. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 1, wherein each track section is linear and the track sections diverge at an orthogonal angle. An exercise and training apparatus, comprising:

(a) a pair of interconnected track sections each having first and second longitudinal ends, right and left laterally spaced sides interconnected and extending upward from one or more cross members, an upwardly open T-slot extending along the longitudinal length of the track section intermediate the right and left sides of the track section upward from the one or more cross members, the track sections extending at a divergent angle relative to each other from the first longitudinal ends,

(b) a pair of trucks, each engageable with the right and left rails on an associated one of the pair of track sections for longitudinal reciprocating travel along the associated track section, with each truck including at least a right side w'heel assembly, a left side wheel assembly, and a foot platform for supporting a foot of an exerciser atop the right and left wheel assemblies, and

(c) a latching mechanism operable for atitomatically and repetitively effecting alternating latching of a released truck and releasing of a latched truck as the released truck arrives at an exchange point along the longitudinal length of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a means for biasing each truck towards the first longitudinal end of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a pair of elastic cords, each in operable communication with an associated one of the trucks for biasing the associated truck towards the first longi tudinal end of the associated track and providing resistance against longitudinal travel of the associated truck along the associated track section away from the first end. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first longitudinal ends of the track sections converge at a junction and the apparatus further comprises an upright stanchion removably secured to the apparatus proximate the junction. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 13 further comprising a static platform releasably engageable with a side of one of the track sections for selective fixation of the static platform to the track section at a desired longitudinal location for designating a static foot placement position projecting laterally aside the track section for performing a cross-under training exercise. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 13 further comprising a heel locator projecting upward from each platform for providing a tactile indication of proper foot placement on the platform. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 18 wherein the heel locator further provides physical guidance into proper foot placement on the platform and an upward projecting heel-engaging stop surface. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 13, wherein each track section has a longitudinal length of 3 to 8 ft. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 13, wherein each track section is linear and the track sections diverge at an orthogonal angle. An exercise and training apparatus, comprising:

(a) a pair of interconnected track sections each having first and second longitudinal ends, right and left laterally spaced sides, an upwardly open slot extending along the longitudinal length of the track section laterally outside each of the right and left sides of the track section, and extending at a divergent angle relative to each other from the first longitudinal ends,

(c) a latching mechanism operable for automatically and repetitively effecting alternating latching of a released truck and releasing of a latched truck as the released truck arrives at an exchange point along the longitudinal length of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a means for biasing each truck towards the first longitudinal end of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a pair of elastic cords, each in operable communication with an associated one of the trucks for biasing the associated truck towards the first longitudinal end of the associated track and providing resistance against longitudinal travel of the associated truck along the associated track section away from the first end. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 22, wherein the first longitudinal ends of the track sections converge at a junction and the apparatus further comprises an upright stanchion removably secured to the apparatus proximate the junction. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 22 further comprising a static platform releasably engageable with a side of one of the track sections for selective fixation of the static platform to the track section at a desired longitudinal location for designating a static foot placement position projecting laterally aside the track section for performing a cross-under training exercise. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 22 further comprising a heel locator projecting upward from each platform for providing a tactile indication of proper foot placement on the platform. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 27 wherein the heel locator further provides physical guidance into proper foot placement on the platform and an upward projecting heel-engaging stop surface. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 22, wherein each track section has a longitudinal length of 3 to 8 ft. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 22, wherein each track section is linear and the track sections diverge at an orthogonal angle. An exercise and training apparatus, comprising: (a) a pair of interconnected track sections cooperatively defining a medial plane and each having first and second longitudinal ends, right and left laterally spaced sides and extending at a divergent angle relative to each other from the first longitudinal ends,

(b) a pair of trucks, each engageable with the right and left rails on an associated one of the pair of track sections for longitudinal reciprocating travel along the associated track section, with each truck including at least a right side wheel assembly, a left side wheel assembly, and a foot platform for supporting a foot of an exerciser atop the right and left wheel assemblies,

(c) a pair of raised platforms, each secured atop a respective foot platform and having an uppermost supporting surface having a downward lateral angle towards the medial plane defined by the interconnected track sections for supporting the foot of an exerciser at an everted angle, and

(d) a latching mechanism operable for automatically and repetitively effecting alternating latching of a released truck and releasing of a latched truck as the released truck arrives at an exchange point along the longitudinal length of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31, further comprising a means for biasing each track towards the first longitudinal end of the associated track section. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31 , further comprising a pair of elastic cords, each in operable communication with an associated one of the trucks for biasing the associated track towards the first longitudinal end of the associated track and providing resistance against longitudinal travel of the associated track along the associated track section away from the first end. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31, wherein the first longitudinal ends of the track sections converge at a junction and the apparatus further comprises an upright stanchion removably secured to the apparatus proximate the junction. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31 further comprising a static platform releasably engageable with a side of one of the track sections for selective fixation of the static platform to the track section at a desired longitudinal location for designating a static foot placement position projecting laterally aside the track section for performing a cross-under training exercise. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31 further comprising a heel locator projecting upward from each platform for providing a tactile indication of proper foot placement on the platform. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 36 wherein the heel locator further provides physical guidance into proper foot placement on the platform and an upward projecting heel-engaging stop surface. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31 , wherein each raised platform is selectively attachable and detachable to the foot platform prior to each workout on the apparatus. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31, wherein each track section has a longitudinal length of 3 to 8 ft. The exercise and training apparatus of claim 31, wherein each track section is linear and the track sections diverge at an orthogonal angle.