WO2023243366A1 - Vehicular heating device - Google Patents

Vehicular heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023243366A1
WO2023243366A1 PCT/JP2023/019674 JP2023019674W WO2023243366A1 WO 2023243366 A1 WO2023243366 A1 WO 2023243366A1 JP 2023019674 W JP2023019674 W JP 2023019674W WO 2023243366 A1 WO2023243366 A1 WO 2023243366A1
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Prior art keywords
heating device
comfort level
power consumption
vehicle
temperature
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PCT/JP2023/019674
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
博 佐藤
晃 坂野
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サンデン株式会社
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Publication of WO2023243366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023243366A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating device for a vehicle, and particularly to a heating system for a vehicle that uses an air conditioner that supplies temperature-controlled air into a vehicle interior and a heating device that heats a space near a seat.
  • vehicle heating systems include, for example, a radiant heat heating system in which a heating element is placed at the foot of a vehicle seat, and an air conditioner that supplies temperature-controlled air into the vehicle interior.
  • a radiant heat heating system in which a heating element is placed at the foot of a vehicle seat, and an air conditioner that supplies temperature-controlled air into the vehicle interior.
  • the mutual ratio between the amount of heat blown out from the feet, which is held by the amount of air blown out from the feet, and the input power of the radiant heat heating system, is such that the occupant's feet have the same thermal sensation.
  • Patent Document 1 states that when the engine water temperature is above a predetermined value, the amount of air blown out from the air conditioner is increased and the power input to the radiant heating device is reduced, and when the engine water temperature is less than the predetermined value, the air conditioning is It is disclosed that by controlling the device to reduce the amount of air blown out from the feet and to increase the power input to the radiant heating device, it is possible to achieve fuel efficiency while satisfying the feeling of warmth under the feet.
  • air conditioning is performed using waste heat from the engine, so after the engine water temperature rises, the amount of air blown out from the air conditioner is increased, and the output of the radiant heating system is reduced. Desired heating can be performed while suppressing power consumption.
  • both the air conditioner and the radiant heating device operate on electric power supplied from the battery.
  • a vehicle heating system which one to use preferentially, an air conditioner or a radiant heating system, in order to achieve the desired heating while suppressing power consumption, varies depending on the driving environment and the desired thermal sensation. . Therefore, the same control method as the above-described conventional vehicle heating system cannot be applied to a vehicle heating system for an electric vehicle or the like.
  • an object of the present invention is to improve occupant comfort while suppressing power consumption in a vehicle heating device that operates using electric power supplied from a running battery.
  • a vehicle heating device includes an air conditioner that supplies temperature-conditioned air into a vehicle interior, a heating device that heats a space near the seat, and a heating device that controls the air conditioner and the heating device.
  • a heating system for a vehicle is provided with a control device that includes a comfort level estimator that estimates a comfort level including a thermal sensation of an occupant, and a comfort level estimating unit that estimates a comfort level including a thermal sensation of an occupant, and a heating system that adjusts the comfort level to a predetermined target comfort level.
  • a power consumption calculation unit that calculates the expected power consumption of the air conditioner and the heating device, respectively, when the air conditioner and the heating device are operated, and the expected power consumption of the air conditioner and the prediction of the heating device;
  • An output control unit that controls at least one of the air conditioner and the heating device based on power consumption.
  • the vehicle heating device of the present invention having such features, it is possible to suppress power consumption while improving passenger comfort in a vehicle heating device that operates using electric power supplied from a driving battery. can.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the interior of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of control in the heating device for vehicles concerning an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the interior of a vehicle in which a vehicle heating device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the vehicle heating device 1.
  • a vehicle heating device 1 is installed in a vehicle 100, and is an air conditioner that heats the interior of a vehicle by blowing temperature-controlled air toward an occupant 102 seated on a seat 101.
  • a heating device 12 that heats the space near the seat 101 to directly warm the occupant 102, and a control device 10 that controls the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 are provided.
  • the air conditioner 11 includes at least an air conditioning unit and a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, etc., which are driven by the running battery of the vehicle 100, and the air conditioner 11 includes a refrigerant circuit that is driven by a running battery of the vehicle 100, and an air conditioning unit.
  • Temperature-controlled air is supplied into the passenger compartment by indirectly exchanging heat through the system.
  • a radiant heater such as an electric heater can be applied to the heating device 12, and directly heats the space near the seat 101, for example, the feet of the occupant 102.
  • the control device 10 functions as part of the vehicle control system of the vehicle 100 in which the vehicle heating device 1 is mounted.
  • the vehicle control system (not shown) includes various sensors and in-vehicle devices necessary for running the vehicle 100, and a plurality of in-vehicle ECUs (Electronic Control Units) that control these, and the control device 10 includes various in-vehicle ECUs and the above-mentioned sensors. , controls the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 in cooperation with electronic devices.
  • the control device 10 and each in-vehicle ECU include, for example, a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), an electric circuit, and a storage element such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a ROM (Read Only Memory). It is composed of Further, part or all of the operations executed by the in-vehicle ECU can also be realized by hardware such as an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), an FPGA (field-programmable gate array), or a GPU (graphics processing unit).
  • a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an MPU (Micro Processing Unit)
  • a storage element such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a ROM (Read Only Memory). It is composed of Further, part or all of the operations executed by the in-vehicle ECU can also be realized by hardware such as an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), an FPGA (field-programmable gate array), or a GPU (graphics processing unit).
  • the control device 10 includes an infrared sensor 71, an inside air sensor 72, a solar radiation sensor 73, a seating sensor 74, a heating device temperature sensor 75, and an air outlet temperature sensor 76, either directly or via an in-vehicle network of a vehicle control system.
  • the data detected by each of these sensors is input.
  • the infrared sensor 71 detects infrared intensity from multiple locations on the occupant and obtains the surface (skin) temperature of the occupant.
  • the inside air sensor 72 detects the temperature inside the vehicle.
  • the solar radiation sensor 73 detects the amount of solar radiation entering the vehicle interior.
  • the seating sensor 74 detects whether or not the occupant is seated on the seat 101 and the position where the occupant is seated.
  • the heating device temperature sensor 75 detects the temperature of the heat generating portion of the heating device 12 .
  • the blowout temperature sensor 76 detects the temperature of the air blown out from the blowout port of the air conditioner 11 . Information detected by each of these sensors can be stored in a storage unit 50, which will be described later, as needed.
  • the control device 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 20, a ROM 30, a RAM 40, and a storage section 50.
  • the CPU 20 executes various processes based on programs stored in the ROM 30.
  • the CPU 20 loads the program stored in the ROM 30 into a memory such as the RAM 40 and executes the program, so that the comfort level estimation section 21, the power consumption calculation section 22, the allowable time calculation section 23 shown in FIG. It functions as an operating time calculation section 24 and an output control section 25.
  • the comfort level estimation section 21, the power consumption calculation section 22, the allowable time calculation section 23, the operating time calculation section 24, and the output control section 25 will be explained below.
  • the comfort level estimating unit 21 estimates the comfort level of the occupant, including the thermal sensation.
  • the comfort level includes the occupant's thermal sensation, that is, the feeling of being hot or cold, and is estimated by evaluating the degree to which the occupant feels "comfortable" in multiple levels.
  • the comfort level is set to "0" as the target comfort level at which the occupant feels "comfortable” without being hot or cold, and the temperature indicated by the target comfort level is almost equal to the temperature indicated by the estimated comfort level. Assume that there is no difference. If the comfort level is greater than 0, the temperature indicated by the estimated comfort level is higher than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level, and the occupant is evaluated as feeling "hot.” On the other hand, if the comfort level is less than 0, the temperature indicated by the specified comfort level is lower than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level, and the occupant is evaluated as feeling "cold.”
  • the comfort level estimation unit 21 estimates the comfort level of the passenger based on, for example, the surface temperature of the passenger and the surface temperature of the vehicle interior obtained from the infrared sensor 71, the interior air temperature obtained from the interior air sensor 72, and the temperature obtained from the solar radiation sensor 73. This is done based on the amount of solar radiation. At this time, since the comfort level of the occupant varies depending on the physique of the occupant, it is preferable to use the seating position of the occupant specified by the seating sensor 74 to calculate the surface temperature of the occupant. In addition, if a seat heater, a steering wheel heater, etc. are provided in the vehicle interior, or depending on the operating state of the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12, the values detected by the heating device temperature sensor 75 and the blowout temperature sensor 76 may also be used. Comfort level can be estimated accurately.
  • the comfort level estimating unit 21 acquires the detection values of the infrared sensor 71, the internal air sensor 72, the solar radiation sensor 73, the seating sensor 74, the heating device temperature sensor 75, and the air outlet temperature sensor 76, and calculates the values detected by each of these detections.
  • the comfort level is estimated from the value obtained by inputting the value into a predetermined calculation formula for estimating the comfort level. Note that the calculation formula for estimating the comfort level is stored in advance in, for example, the storage unit 50 or the like.
  • the power consumption calculation unit 22 calculates whether the comfort level estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21 is over or under the thermal sensation or comfort level with respect to a predetermined target comfort level, and calculates the degree of comfort estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21.
  • the power consumption calculation unit 22 stores calculation formulas and map data obtained through experiments and numerical analysis in advance in the storage unit 50, and uses these to calculate the expected power consumption.
  • the allowable time calculation unit 23 calculates the amount of time that the heating device 12 has, starting from the operation start time of the heating device 12. 12 is calculated as the "allowable time”. At this time, if the temperature of the heating device 12 has changed since the heating device 12 started operating, the "allowable time” is corrected based on the temperature history. That is, the "allowable time” is calculated based on the history of temperature changes of the heating device 12, and is a time period from the start of operation of the heating device 12 during which the heating device can be operated safely.
  • the temperature history of the heating device 12 can be obtained by, for example, storing in advance in the storage unit 50 temperature information that associates the temperature detected by the heating device temperature sensor 75 with the time when the temperature was detected, and referring to this. can.
  • the allowable time calculation unit 23 calculates the "allowable time" as a time during which the operation can be performed safely without causing low-temperature burns to the occupant 102, taking into account the temperature history of the heating device 12 from the start of operation. .
  • the calculation of the permissible time by the permissible time calculation unit 23 is performed using a calculation formula obtained by experiment or numerical analysis, which is stored in the storage unit 50 in advance.
  • the allowable time calculation unit 23 calculates the "allowable time" of the heating device 12 as follows. (Example 1 of allowable time calculation) In this case, the allowable time calculation unit 23 assumes that if the current temperature of the heating device 12 obtained from the heating device temperature sensor 75 is 50° C., low-temperature burns will occur to the occupant in 30 minutes from the start of operation of the heating device 12. . On the other hand, the allowable time calculation unit 23 refers to the temperature history of the heating device 12, and if the temperature of the heating device 12 is 50° C. from the start of operation, the “allowable time” is set to 15° C. to ensure safety. Calculated as minutes.
  • the allowable time calculation unit 23 assumes that if the current temperature of the heating device 12 obtained from the heating device temperature sensor 75 is 45° C., a low-temperature burn will occur to the occupant 60 minutes after the heating device 12 starts operating. On the other hand, the allowable time calculation unit 23 refers to the temperature history of the heating device 12, and if the temperature of the heating device 12 is 45° C. from the start of operation, the “allowable time” is set to 45° C. to ensure safety. Temporarily calculated in minutes. Furthermore, if the temperature history of the heating device 12 includes a history in which the heating device 12 was used at 50° C. for 15 minutes, the allowable time is shortened to 35 minutes. In this way, safety is ensured by weighting according to the temperature at which the heating device 12 is activated and reflecting it in the allowable time.
  • the operating time calculation unit 24 calculates the time elapsed from the start of operation of the heating device 12 to the present as the "operating time”.
  • the output control unit 25 controls at least one of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 based on the predicted power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the predicted power consumption of the heating device 12 calculated by the power consumption calculation unit 22.
  • the output control unit 25 compares the comfort level estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21 with a predetermined target comfort level, and performs control as follows. That is, the output control unit 25 controls the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 when the temperature indicated by the comfort level is higher than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level and it is estimated that the occupant feels "hot". Alternatively, among the predicted power consumption of the heating device 12, the output of the device exhibiting a higher predicted power consumption is reduced. At this time, regarding the operation of the heating device 12, the operating time calculated by the operating time calculation unit 24 and the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculating unit 23 are compared, and if the operating time exceeds the allowable time, the predicted At least the output of the heating device 12 is reduced regardless of the magnitude of power consumption.
  • the output control unit 25 controls the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11. Alternatively, among the predicted power consumption of the heating device 12, the output of the device with the lowest predicted power consumption is increased. At this time, regardless of the magnitude of the expected power consumption, if the air outlet temperature of the air conditioner 11 obtained from the outlet temperature sensor 76 is below a predetermined value, the output of the heating device 12 is increased.
  • the operation time calculated by the operation time calculation unit 24 and the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculation unit 23 are compared, and if the operation time exceeds the allowable time, the heating device 12 is lowered, and the output of the air conditioner 11 is increased.
  • the heating device 12 can be controlled, for example, as follows based on the result of comparing the operating time and the allowable time.
  • the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculation section 23 is 15 minutes as in the above-mentioned allowable time calculation example 1
  • the operation time is the elapsed time from the start of operation to the present calculated by the operation time calculation section 24. If the operating time exceeds 15 minutes (operating time ⁇ allowable time), the output of the heating device 12 is reduced and the temperature of the heating device 12 is lowered to, for example, 45° C.
  • the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculation section 23 is 35 minutes as in the above-mentioned allowable time calculation example 2, the elapsed time from the start of operation to the present calculated by the operation time calculation section 24 is Determine whether the operating time exceeds 35 minutes, operate the heating device 12 at a temperature of 45°C until the operating time exceeds 35 minutes, and if it exceeds 35 minutes (operating time ⁇ allowable time), The output of the heating device 12 is reduced, and the temperature of the heating device 12 is lowered to, for example, 40°C.
  • the control device 10 monitors the occupant's comfort level, including thermal sensation, at regular intervals. Then, the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
  • the comfort level estimating unit 21 estimates the comfort level of the occupant (step S101), the allowable time calculating unit 23 calculates the allowable time during which the heating device 12 can safely operate (step S102), and calculates the operating time.
  • the calculation unit 24 calculates the operating time when the heating device 12 operates until the comfort level of the occupant reaches the target comfort level (step S103), and the power consumption calculation unit 22 calculates the operating time estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21.
  • the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 is calculated, respectively (step S104).
  • the output control unit 25 calculates the comfort level of the occupant obtained in steps S101 to S104, the allowable time and operating time of the heating device 12, the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11, and the estimated power consumption of the heating device 12. At least one of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 is controlled based on the expected power consumption.
  • the output control unit 25 compares the comfort level estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21 with a predetermined target comfort level (step S105), and if the comfort level is equal to or higher than the target comfort level (the occupant is "comfortable” or If it is estimated that the user is feeling “hot"), the process advances to step S106. If the comfort level and the target comfort level are equal and it is estimated that the occupant feels “comfortable” (step S106), the outputs of the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled to be maintained.
  • the output control unit 25 compares the operating time of the heating device 12 with the allowable time. (Step S107). If the operating time of the heating device 12 is longer than the allowable time, the output of the heating device is reduced (step S108). If the operating time of the heating device 12 is shorter than the allowable time, the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 are compared (step S109), and if the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 is large, reduces the output of the heating device 12 (step S108). In step S109, if the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 is larger than the expected power consumption of the heating device 12, the output of the air conditioner 11 is reduced (step S110).
  • step S105 in comparing the comfort level in step S105 with the target comfort level, if the comfort level is smaller than the target comfort level (if it is estimated that the occupant feels "cold"), step Proceeding to S111, the operating time of the heating device 12 and the allowable time are compared. If the operating time of the heating device 12 is longer than the allowable time, the output of the heating device is reduced (step S112), and the output of the air conditioner 11 is increased (step S116).
  • step S113 the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 are compared (step S113), and the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 is lower than the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11. If the expected power consumption of No. 12 is small, the output of the heating device is increased (step S114).
  • step S115 if the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 is larger than the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11, it is determined whether the blowing temperature of the air conditioner 11 is below a predetermined temperature (step S115). When the blowing temperature of the air conditioner 11 is below the predetermined temperature, the output of the heating device 12 is increased (step S114). If it is determined in step S115 that the outlet temperature of the air conditioner 11 is higher than the predetermined temperature, the output of the air conditioner 11 is increased (step S116).
  • the comfort level of the passenger is estimated and the interior space of the vehicle and the vicinity of the seat 101 where the passenger is seated are estimated.
  • the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled so that the temperature reaches the temperature indicated by the target comfort level.
  • the control device 10 estimates the comfort level of the occupant and controls the comfort level of the occupant to reach the target comfort level, taking into consideration whether the comfort level including the thermal sensation is excessive or insufficient with respect to the target comfort level. .
  • the estimated power consumption that is expected to be consumed by the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 is calculated, and the estimated power consumption is calculated.
  • the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled so that Therefore, the vehicle heating device 1 can suppress power consumption while improving passenger comfort.
  • control device 10 calculates the operating time of the heating device 12 and the allowable time for safe operation, and controls the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 so that the target comfort level is achieved. If the operating time exceeds the allowable time, the output of the heating device 12 is reduced regardless of the amount of power consumption, which prevents low-temperature burns, improves safety, and ultimately protects the occupants. Comfort can be further improved.

Abstract

[Problem] To improve occupant comfort while suppressing power consumption. [Solution] Provided is a vehicular heating device comprising: an air conditioning device for supplying temperature-controlled air to the vehicle interior; a heating device for heating air near a seat; and a control device for controlling the air conditioning device and the heating device. The control device is provided with: a comfort estimation unit for estimating an occupant's comfort level that includes feeling hot/cold; a power consumption calculation unit for calculating forecast power consumption amounts which are the power amounts that will be consumed by the air conditioning device and the heating device if the air conditioning device and the heating device are to be operated so as to bring the comfort level to a predetermined target comfort level; and an output control unit for controlling the air conditioning device and/or the heating device on the basis of the forecast power consumption amount of the air conditioning device and the forecast power consumption amount of the heating device.

Description

車両用暖房装置Vehicle heating system
　本発明は、車両用暖房装置、特に、車室内に温調された空気を供給する空調装置と座席シート付近の空間を加熱する加熱装置とを用いた車両用暖房システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a heating device for a vehicle, and particularly to a heating system for a vehicle that uses an air conditioner that supplies temperature-controlled air into a vehicle interior and a heating device that heats a space near a seat.
　従来、車両用暖房装置として、例えば、車両の座席足元に発熱体を配置した輻射熱暖房装置と、車室内に温度調節した空気を供給する空調装置とを備えた、車両用暖房装置が知られている。 Conventionally, vehicle heating systems have been known that include, for example, a radiant heat heating system in which a heating element is placed at the foot of a vehicle seat, and an air conditioner that supplies temperature-controlled air into the vehicle interior. There is.
　例えば、特許文献１の車両用暖房装置では、エンジンを搭載した車両において、足元吹出し風量が保有する足元吹出し熱量と、輻射熱暖房装置の投入電力との相互の割合が、乗員の足において同一温感となるように、車室内空調装置と輻射熱暖房装置を制御している。具体的には、特許文献１には、エンジン水温が所定値以上の場合に空調装置による足元吹き出し風量を増加させると共に輻射熱暖房装置の投入電力を減少させ、エンジン水温が所定値未満の場合に空調装置による足元吹出し風量を減少させると共に輻射熱暖房装置の投入電力を増加させるよう制御することで、足元の温感を満足させつつ省燃費を実現することが開示されている。 For example, in the vehicle heating system disclosed in Patent Document 1, in a vehicle equipped with an engine, the mutual ratio between the amount of heat blown out from the feet, which is held by the amount of air blown out from the feet, and the input power of the radiant heat heating system, is such that the occupant's feet have the same thermal sensation. The vehicle interior air conditioner and radiant heating system are controlled so that Specifically, Patent Document 1 states that when the engine water temperature is above a predetermined value, the amount of air blown out from the air conditioner is increased and the power input to the radiant heating device is reduced, and when the engine water temperature is less than the predetermined value, the air conditioning is It is disclosed that by controlling the device to reduce the amount of air blown out from the feet and to increase the power input to the radiant heating device, it is possible to achieve fuel efficiency while satisfying the feeling of warmth under the feet.
特開２０１２－１９２８２９号公報Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-192829
　上述した従来技術のようなエンジンを搭載した車両では、エンジンの廃熱によって空調を行うため、エンジン水温が上昇した後に空調装置による足元吹き出し風量を増加させ、輻射熱暖房装置の出力を低下させることで消費電力を抑制しながら所望の暖房を行うことができる。 In vehicles equipped with the conventional engine described above, air conditioning is performed using waste heat from the engine, so after the engine water temperature rises, the amount of air blown out from the air conditioner is increased, and the output of the radiant heating system is reduced. Desired heating can be performed while suppressing power consumption.
　しかしながら、エンジンを搭載せずにバッテリから供給された電力で走行する電気自動車等では、空調装置及び輻射熱暖房装置も共にバッテリから供給される電力によって動作する。このため、車両用暖房装置において、消費電力を抑制しつつ所望の暖房を行うために、空調装置又は輻射熱暖房装置のいずれを優先的に用いるかは、走行環境や要求される温熱感によって変動する。したがって、電気自動車等における車両用暖房装置において、上記した従来の車両用暖房装置と同様の制御方法を適用することができない。 However, in an electric vehicle or the like that does not have an engine and runs on electric power supplied from a battery, both the air conditioner and the radiant heating device operate on electric power supplied from the battery. For this reason, in a vehicle heating system, which one to use preferentially, an air conditioner or a radiant heating system, in order to achieve the desired heating while suppressing power consumption, varies depending on the driving environment and the desired thermal sensation. . Therefore, the same control method as the above-described conventional vehicle heating system cannot be applied to a vehicle heating system for an electric vehicle or the like.
　本発明は、このような問題に対処することを課題としている。すなわち、走行用バッテリから供給される電力によって動作する車両用暖房装置において、消費電力を抑制しながら、乗員の快適性を向上させること、などが本発明の課題である。 The present invention aims to address such problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to improve occupant comfort while suppressing power consumption in a vehicle heating device that operates using electric power supplied from a running battery.
　このような課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様は、以下の構成を具備する。
　すなわち、本発明の一態様に係る車両用暖房装置は、温調した空気を車室内に供給する空調装置と、座席シート近傍の空間を加熱する加熱装置と、前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置を制御する制御装置を備えた車両用暖房装置であって、前記制御装置は、乗員の温冷感を含む快適度を推定する快適度推定部と、前記快適度が予め定めた目標快適度となるように前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置を作動させる場合に、前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置が消費する予想消費電力をそれぞれ算出する消費電力算出部と、前記空調装置の予想消費電力及び前記加熱装置の予想消費電力に基づいて、前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置の少なくとも何れか一方を制御する出力制御部と、を備える。 In order to solve such problems, one embodiment of the present invention includes the following configuration.
That is, a vehicle heating device according to one aspect of the present invention includes an air conditioner that supplies temperature-conditioned air into a vehicle interior, a heating device that heats a space near the seat, and a heating device that controls the air conditioner and the heating device. A heating system for a vehicle is provided with a control device that includes a comfort level estimator that estimates a comfort level including a thermal sensation of an occupant, and a comfort level estimating unit that estimates a comfort level including a thermal sensation of an occupant, and a heating system that adjusts the comfort level to a predetermined target comfort level. a power consumption calculation unit that calculates the expected power consumption of the air conditioner and the heating device, respectively, when the air conditioner and the heating device are operated, and the expected power consumption of the air conditioner and the prediction of the heating device; An output control unit that controls at least one of the air conditioner and the heating device based on power consumption.
　このような特徴を備えた本発明の車両用暖房装置によると、走行用バッテリから供給される電力によって動作する車両用暖房装置において、乗員の快適性を向上させつつ、消費電力を抑制することができる。 According to the vehicle heating device of the present invention having such features, it is possible to suppress power consumption while improving passenger comfort in a vehicle heating device that operates using electric power supplied from a driving battery. can.
本発明の実施形態に係る車両用暖房装置が搭載された車両の車室内を示す説明図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the interior of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る車両用暖房装置の概略構成を示すブロック図である。1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の実施形態に係る車両用暖房装置に制御の流れを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the flow of control in the heating device for vehicles concerning an embodiment of the present invention.
　以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を説明する。以下の説明で、異なる図における同一符号は同一機能の部位を示しており、各図における重複説明は適宜省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same reference numerals in different figures indicate parts with the same function, and redundant explanation in each figure will be omitted as appropriate.
　図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る車両用暖房装置１が搭載された車両の車室内を示し、図２は車両用暖房装置１の概略構成を示している。
　図１及び図２に示すように、車両用暖房装置１は、車両１００に搭載され、座席シート１０１に着座した乗員１０２に向けて温調された空気を吹き出すことで車室内の暖房を行う空調装置１１と、座席シート１０１近傍の空間を加熱して乗員１０２を直接的に加温する加熱装置１２と、空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２を制御する制御装置１０とを備えている。 FIG. 1 shows the interior of a vehicle in which a vehicle heating device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is mounted, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the vehicle heating device 1.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a vehicle heating device 1 is installed in a vehicle 100, and is an air conditioner that heats the interior of a vehicle by blowing temperature-controlled air toward an occupant 102 seated on a seat 101. A heating device 12 that heats the space near the seat 101 to directly warm the occupant 102, and a control device 10 that controls the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 are provided.
　空調装置１１は、車両１００の走行用バッテリによって駆動される圧縮機、凝縮器、膨張弁、蒸発器などを備えた冷媒回路と、空調ユニットとを少なくとも有し、冷媒と直接又は他の熱媒体を介して間接的に熱交換することで温調された空気を車室内に供給する。
　加熱装置１２には、例えば、電気ヒータなどの輻射熱ヒータを適用することができ、座席シート１０１近傍の空間、例えば、乗員１０２の足元を直接的に加熱する。 The air conditioner 11 includes at least an air conditioning unit and a refrigerant circuit including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, etc., which are driven by the running battery of the vehicle 100, and the air conditioner 11 includes a refrigerant circuit that is driven by a running battery of the vehicle 100, and an air conditioning unit. Temperature-controlled air is supplied into the passenger compartment by indirectly exchanging heat through the system.
For example, a radiant heater such as an electric heater can be applied to the heating device 12, and directly heats the space near the seat 101, for example, the feet of the occupant 102.
　制御装置１０は、車両用暖房装置１が搭載される車両１００の車両用制御システムの一部として機能する。車両用制御システム（不図示）は車両１００の走行に必要な種々のセンサや車載機器類とこれらを制御する複数の車載ＥＣＵ（Electronic Control Unit）を含み、制御装置１０は各種車載ＥＣＵや上記センサ、電子機器類と連携して空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２を制御する。 The control device 10 functions as part of the vehicle control system of the vehicle 100 in which the vehicle heating device 1 is mounted. The vehicle control system (not shown) includes various sensors and in-vehicle devices necessary for running the vehicle 100, and a plurality of in-vehicle ECUs (Electronic Control Units) that control these, and the control device 10 includes various in-vehicle ECUs and the above-mentioned sensors. , controls the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 in cooperation with electronic devices.
　制御装置１０及び各車載ＥＣＵは、例えば、ＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）又はＭＰＵ（Micro Processing Unit）等のプロセッサや電気回路、ＲＡＭ（Random Access Memory）やＲＯＭ（Read Only Memory）等の記憶素子を備えて構成されている。また、車載ＥＣＵが実行する動作の一部又は全部を、ＡＳＩＣ（application specific integrated circuit）、ＦＰＧＡ（field-programmable gate array）やＧＰＵ（Graphics Processing Unit）などのハードウェアにより実現することもできる。 The control device 10 and each in-vehicle ECU include, for example, a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), an electric circuit, and a storage element such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a ROM (Read Only Memory). It is composed of Further, part or all of the operations executed by the in-vehicle ECU can also be realized by hardware such as an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), an FPGA (field-programmable gate array), or a GPU (graphics processing unit).
　図２に示すように、制御装置１０には、赤外線センサ７１、内気センサ７２、日射センサ７３、着座センサ７４、加熱装置温度センサ７５、及び吹出温度センサ７６が直接又は車両用制御システムの車載ネットワークを介して接続され、これらの各センサが検出したデータが入力される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the control device 10 includes an infrared sensor 71, an inside air sensor 72, a solar radiation sensor 73, a seating sensor 74, a heating device temperature sensor 75, and an air outlet temperature sensor 76, either directly or via an in-vehicle network of a vehicle control system. The data detected by each of these sensors is input.
　なお、赤外線センサ７１は、乗員の複数箇所から赤外線強度を検出し、乗員の表面（皮膚）温度を取得する。内気センサ７２は、車室内の温度を検出する。日射センサ７３は、車室内に差し込む日射量を検出する。着座センサ７４は、乗員が座席シート１０１に着座しているか否か、着座している位置を検出する。加熱装置温度センサ７５は、加熱装置１２における発熱部の温度を検出する。吹出温度センサ７６は、空調装置１１の吹出口から吹き出される空気の温度を検出する。これらの各センサによって検出された情報は、必要に応じて後述する記憶部５０に記憶させておくことができる。 Note that the infrared sensor 71 detects infrared intensity from multiple locations on the occupant and obtains the surface (skin) temperature of the occupant. The inside air sensor 72 detects the temperature inside the vehicle. The solar radiation sensor 73 detects the amount of solar radiation entering the vehicle interior. The seating sensor 74 detects whether or not the occupant is seated on the seat 101 and the position where the occupant is seated. The heating device temperature sensor 75 detects the temperature of the heat generating portion of the heating device 12 . The blowout temperature sensor 76 detects the temperature of the air blown out from the blowout port of the air conditioner 11 . Information detected by each of these sensors can be stored in a storage unit 50, which will be described later, as needed.
　図２に示すように、本実施形態において、制御装置１０は、ＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）２０、ＲＯＭ３０、ＲＡＭ４０、及び記憶部５０を備えている。
　ＣＰＵ２０は、ＲＯＭ３０に格納されたプログラムに基づいて種々の処理を実行する。本実施形態では、ＣＰＵ２０は、ＲＯＭ３０に格納されたプログラムを例えばＲＡＭ４０等のメモリに読み込んで実行することにより、図２に示す快適度推定部２１、消費電力算出部２２、許容時間算出部２３、作動時間算出部２４、及び出力制御部２５として機能する。以下、快適度推定部２１、消費電力算出部２２、許容時間算出部２３、作動時間算出部２４、及び出力制御部２５について説明する。 As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the control device 10 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 20, a ROM 30, a RAM 40, and a storage section 50.
The CPU 20 executes various processes based on programs stored in the ROM 30. In the present embodiment, the CPU 20 loads the program stored in the ROM 30 into a memory such as the RAM 40 and executes the program, so that the comfort level estimation section 21, the power consumption calculation section 22, the allowable time calculation section 23 shown in FIG. It functions as an operating time calculation section 24 and an output control section 25. The comfort level estimation section 21, the power consumption calculation section 22, the allowable time calculation section 23, the operating time calculation section 24, and the output control section 25 will be explained below.
　快適度推定部２１は、乗員の温冷感を含む快適度を推定する。ここで、快適度とは、乗員の温冷感、すなわち、暑い又は寒いなどの感覚を含み、乗員が「快適」と感じる程度を複数段階で評価し、推定したものである。 The comfort level estimating unit 21 estimates the comfort level of the occupant, including the thermal sensation. Here, the comfort level includes the occupant's thermal sensation, that is, the feeling of being hot or cold, and is estimated by evaluating the degree to which the occupant feels "comfortable" in multiple levels.
　例えば、快適度は、「０」を乗員が暑くも寒くもなく「快適」と感じる目標快適度として設定し、目標快適度によって示される温度と、推定された快適度によって示される温度とに殆ど差がない状態とする。快適度が０より大きい値は、目標快適度によって示される温度よりも推定した快適度によって示される温度が高く、乗員が「暑い」と感じているとして評価する。反対に、快適度が０より小さい値は、目標快適度によって示される温度よりも指定した快適度によって示される温度が低く、乗員が「寒い」と感じているとして評価する。 For example, the comfort level is set to "0" as the target comfort level at which the occupant feels "comfortable" without being hot or cold, and the temperature indicated by the target comfort level is almost equal to the temperature indicated by the estimated comfort level. Assume that there is no difference. If the comfort level is greater than 0, the temperature indicated by the estimated comfort level is higher than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level, and the occupant is evaluated as feeling "hot." On the other hand, if the comfort level is less than 0, the temperature indicated by the specified comfort level is lower than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level, and the occupant is evaluated as feeling "cold."
　快適度推定部２１による乗員の快適度の推定は、例えば、赤外線センサ７１から得られる乗員の表面温度及び車室内表面温度と、内気センサ７２から得られる車室内空気温度と、日射センサ７３から得られる日射量とに基づいて行う。このとき、乗員の体格によって乗員の快適度が異なることから、着座センサ７４により特定される乗員の着座位置を乗員の表面温度の算出に用いることが好ましい。また、車室内にシートヒータやハンドルヒータなどが設けられている場合や、空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２の作動状態に応じて、加熱装置温度センサ７５及び吹出温度センサ７６による検出値も用いることで正確に快適度の推定を行うことができる。 The comfort level estimation unit 21 estimates the comfort level of the passenger based on, for example, the surface temperature of the passenger and the surface temperature of the vehicle interior obtained from the infrared sensor 71, the interior air temperature obtained from the interior air sensor 72, and the temperature obtained from the solar radiation sensor 73. This is done based on the amount of solar radiation. At this time, since the comfort level of the occupant varies depending on the physique of the occupant, it is preferable to use the seating position of the occupant specified by the seating sensor 74 to calculate the surface temperature of the occupant. In addition, if a seat heater, a steering wheel heater, etc. are provided in the vehicle interior, or depending on the operating state of the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12, the values detected by the heating device temperature sensor 75 and the blowout temperature sensor 76 may also be used. Comfort level can be estimated accurately.
　具体的には、快適度推定部２１は、赤外線センサ７１、内気センサ７２、日射センサ７３、着座センサ７４、加熱装置温度センサ７５、及び吹出温度センサ７６における検出値を取得し、これらの各検出値を、予め定めた快適度を推定するための計算式に入力して得られた値から快適度を推定する。なお、快適度を推定するための計算式は、例えば、記憶部５０等にあらかじめ記憶しておく。 Specifically, the comfort level estimating unit 21 acquires the detection values of the infrared sensor 71, the internal air sensor 72, the solar radiation sensor 73, the seating sensor 74, the heating device temperature sensor 75, and the air outlet temperature sensor 76, and calculates the values detected by each of these detections. The comfort level is estimated from the value obtained by inputting the value into a predetermined calculation formula for estimating the comfort level. Note that the calculation formula for estimating the comfort level is stored in advance in, for example, the storage unit 50 or the like.
　消費電力算出部２２は、快適度推定部２１によって推定された快適度の、予め定めた目標快適度に対する温冷感ないしは快適度の過不足を算出し、快適度推定部２１によって推定された快適度が目標快適度となるように空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２を作動させる場合に、空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２が消費する予想消費電力をそれぞれ算出する。一例として、消費電力算出部２２では、予め実験や数値解析により得られた計算式やマップデータを記憶部５０に記憶させておき、これらを用いて予想消費電力の算出を行う。 The power consumption calculation unit 22 calculates whether the comfort level estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21 is over or under the thermal sensation or comfort level with respect to a predetermined target comfort level, and calculates the degree of comfort estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21. When operating the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 so that the comfort level reaches the target comfort level, the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 is calculated. As an example, the power consumption calculation unit 22 stores calculation formulas and map data obtained through experiments and numerical analysis in advance in the storage unit 50, and uses these to calculate the expected power consumption.
　許容時間算出部２３は、加熱装置１２を、加熱装置温度センサ７５から得られる加熱装置１２の現在の温度を維持しながら作動させた場合に、加熱装置１２の作動開始時間から起算して加熱装置１２を安全に作動させることができる時間を「許容時間」として算出する。このとき、加熱装置１２が作動を開始してから現在までに、加熱装置１２の温度が変化している場合には、温度履歴に基づいて、「許容時間」を補正する。つまり、「許容時間」は、加熱装置１２の温度変化の履歴に基づいて算出され、加熱装置１２の作動開始から起算して前記加熱装置を安全に作動させることができる時間である。
　加熱装置１２の温度履歴は、例えば、加熱装置温度センサ７５が検出した温度と当該温度を検出した時刻とを対応付けた温度情報を予め記憶部５０に記憶しておき、これを参照することができる。 When the heating device 12 is operated while maintaining the current temperature of the heating device 12 obtained from the heating device temperature sensor 75, the allowable time calculation unit 23 calculates the amount of time that the heating device 12 has, starting from the operation start time of the heating device 12. 12 is calculated as the "allowable time". At this time, if the temperature of the heating device 12 has changed since the heating device 12 started operating, the "allowable time" is corrected based on the temperature history. That is, the "allowable time" is calculated based on the history of temperature changes of the heating device 12, and is a time period from the start of operation of the heating device 12 during which the heating device can be operated safely.
The temperature history of the heating device 12 can be obtained by, for example, storing in advance in the storage unit 50 temperature information that associates the temperature detected by the heating device temperature sensor 75 with the time when the temperature was detected, and referring to this. can.
　加熱装置１２が輻射熱ヒータである場合、座席シート１０１に着座する乗員１０２を輻射熱ヒータの発熱体によって直接的に加温するため、長時間の使用により乗員１０２に低温やけどを生じさせる虞がある。そこで、許容時間算出部２３では、乗員１０２に低温やけどを生じさせずに安全に作動させることができる時間として、「許容時間」について加熱装置１２の作動開始からの温度履歴を考慮して算出する。許容時間算出部２３による許容時間の算出は、予め実験や数値解析により得られた計算式等を記憶部５０に記憶させておき、この計算式を用いて行う。 If the heating device 12 is a radiant heater, the occupant 102 seated on the seat 101 is directly heated by the heating element of the radiant heater, so there is a risk of low-temperature burns occurring to the occupant 102 when used for a long time. Therefore, the allowable time calculation unit 23 calculates the "allowable time" as a time during which the operation can be performed safely without causing low-temperature burns to the occupant 102, taking into account the temperature history of the heating device 12 from the start of operation. . The calculation of the permissible time by the permissible time calculation unit 23 is performed using a calculation formula obtained by experiment or numerical analysis, which is stored in the storage unit 50 in advance.
　例えば、許容時間算出部２３は、加熱装置１２の「許容時間」を以下のように算出する。
　（許容時間算出例１）
　この場合、許容時間算出部２３は、加熱装置温度センサ７５から得られる加熱装置１２の現在の温度が５０℃の場合、加熱装置１２の作動開始から３０分で乗員に低温やけどが発生すると仮定する。一方、許容時間算出部２３は、加熱装置１２の温度履歴を参照し、加熱装置１２の温度が作動開始時から５０℃である場合には、安全性を担保するために「許容時間」を１５分として算出する。 For example, the allowable time calculation unit 23 calculates the "allowable time" of the heating device 12 as follows.
(Example 1 of allowable time calculation)
In this case, the allowable time calculation unit 23 assumes that if the current temperature of the heating device 12 obtained from the heating device temperature sensor 75 is 50° C., low-temperature burns will occur to the occupant in 30 minutes from the start of operation of the heating device 12. . On the other hand, the allowable time calculation unit 23 refers to the temperature history of the heating device 12, and if the temperature of the heating device 12 is 50° C. from the start of operation, the “allowable time” is set to 15° C. to ensure safety. Calculated as minutes.
　（許容時間算出例２）
　許容時間算出部２３は、加熱装置温度センサ７５から得られる加熱装置１２の現在の温度が４５℃の場合、加熱装置１２の作動開始から６０分で乗員に低温やけどが発生すると仮定する。一方、許容時間算出部２３は、加熱装置１２の温度履歴を参照し、加熱装置１２の温度が作動開始時から４５℃である場合には、安全性を担保するために「許容時間」を４５分に仮に算出する。さらに、加熱装置１２の温度履歴に、加熱装置１２が５０℃で１５分間使用されていた履歴がある場合、許容時間を３５分に短縮する。このように、加熱装置１２が作動した温度に応じて重みづけを行い、許容時間に反映させることで安全性を担保する。 (Example 2 of allowable time calculation)
The allowable time calculation unit 23 assumes that if the current temperature of the heating device 12 obtained from the heating device temperature sensor 75 is 45° C., a low-temperature burn will occur to the occupant 60 minutes after the heating device 12 starts operating. On the other hand, the allowable time calculation unit 23 refers to the temperature history of the heating device 12, and if the temperature of the heating device 12 is 45° C. from the start of operation, the “allowable time” is set to 45° C. to ensure safety. Temporarily calculated in minutes. Furthermore, if the temperature history of the heating device 12 includes a history in which the heating device 12 was used at 50° C. for 15 minutes, the allowable time is shortened to 35 minutes. In this way, safety is ensured by weighting according to the temperature at which the heating device 12 is activated and reflecting it in the allowable time.
　作動時間算出部２４は、加熱装置１２の作動開始から現在までに経過した時間を「作動時間」として算出する。 The operating time calculation unit 24 calculates the time elapsed from the start of operation of the heating device 12 to the present as the "operating time".
　出力制御部２５は、消費電力算出部２２において算出される空調装置１１の予想消費電力及び加熱装置１２の予想消費電力に基づいて、空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２の少なくとも何れか一方を制御する。 The output control unit 25 controls at least one of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 based on the predicted power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the predicted power consumption of the heating device 12 calculated by the power consumption calculation unit 22.
　具体的には、出力制御部２５は、快適度推定部２１によって推定された快適度と予め定めた目標快適度とを比較し、次のように制御を行う。
　すなわち、出力制御部２５は、快適度により示される温度が、目標快適度により示される温度よりも高く、乗員が「暑い」と感じていると推定される場合に、空調装置１１の予想消費電力又は加熱装置１２の予想消費電力のうち、高い予想消費電力を示す装置の出力を低下させる。このとき、加熱装置１２の作動について、作動時間算出部２４により算出された作動時間と許容時間算出部２３により算出された許容時間とを比較し、作動時間が許容時間を超える場合には、予想消費電力の大小にかかわらず少なくとも加熱装置１２の出力を低下させる。 Specifically, the output control unit 25 compares the comfort level estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21 with a predetermined target comfort level, and performs control as follows.
That is, the output control unit 25 controls the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 when the temperature indicated by the comfort level is higher than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level and it is estimated that the occupant feels "hot". Alternatively, among the predicted power consumption of the heating device 12, the output of the device exhibiting a higher predicted power consumption is reduced. At this time, regarding the operation of the heating device 12, the operating time calculated by the operating time calculation unit 24 and the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculating unit 23 are compared, and if the operating time exceeds the allowable time, the predicted At least the output of the heating device 12 is reduced regardless of the magnitude of power consumption.
　一方、出力制御部２５は、快適度により示される温度が、目標快適度により示される温度よりも低く、乗員が「寒い」と感じていると推定される場合に、空調装置１１の予想消費電力又は加熱装置１２の予想消費電力のうち、低い予想消費電力を示す装置の出力を上昇させる。このとき、予想消費電力の大小にかかわらず、吹出温度センサ７６から取得された空調装置１１の吹出温度が所定値以下の場合には、加熱装置１２の出力を上昇させる。 On the other hand, when the temperature indicated by the comfort level is lower than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level and it is estimated that the occupant feels "cold," the output control unit 25 controls the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11. Alternatively, among the predicted power consumption of the heating device 12, the output of the device with the lowest predicted power consumption is increased. At this time, regardless of the magnitude of the expected power consumption, if the air outlet temperature of the air conditioner 11 obtained from the outlet temperature sensor 76 is below a predetermined value, the output of the heating device 12 is increased.
　ただし、加熱装置１２の作動について、作動時間算出部２４により算出された作動時間と許容時間算出部２３により算出された許容時間とを比較し、作動時間が許容時間を超える場合には、加熱装置１２の出力を低下させ、空調装置１１の出力を上昇させる。 However, regarding the operation of the heating device 12, the operation time calculated by the operation time calculation unit 24 and the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculation unit 23 are compared, and if the operation time exceeds the allowable time, the heating device 12 is lowered, and the output of the air conditioner 11 is increased.
　出力制御部２５において、作動時間と許容時間とを比較した結果に基づく加熱装置１２の制御は、例えば以下のように行うことができる。
　許容時間算出部２３によって算出された許容時間が、上記した許容時間算出例１のように１５分である場合、作動時間算出部２４によって算出された作動開始から現在までの経過時間である作動時間が１５分を超えるか否かを判定し、作動時間が１５分を超える場合（作動時間≧許容時間）は、加熱装置１２の出力を低下させ、加熱装置１２の温度を例えば４５℃に下げる。 In the output control unit 25, the heating device 12 can be controlled, for example, as follows based on the result of comparing the operating time and the allowable time.
When the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculation section 23 is 15 minutes as in the above-mentioned allowable time calculation example 1, the operation time is the elapsed time from the start of operation to the present calculated by the operation time calculation section 24. If the operating time exceeds 15 minutes (operating time≧allowable time), the output of the heating device 12 is reduced and the temperature of the heating device 12 is lowered to, for example, 45° C.
　一方、許容時間算出部２３によって算出された許容時間が、上記した許容時間算出例２のように３５分である場合、作動時間算出部２４によって算出された作動開始から現在までの経過時間である作動時間が３５分を超えるか否かを判定し、作動時間が３５分を超えるまでは加熱装置１２の温度を４５℃で作動させ、３５分を超えた場合（作動時間≧許容時間）に、加熱装置１２の出力を低下させ、加熱装置１２の温度を例えば４０℃に下げる。 On the other hand, if the allowable time calculated by the allowable time calculation section 23 is 35 minutes as in the above-mentioned allowable time calculation example 2, the elapsed time from the start of operation to the present calculated by the operation time calculation section 24 is Determine whether the operating time exceeds 35 minutes, operate the heating device 12 at a temperature of 45°C until the operating time exceeds 35 minutes, and if it exceeds 35 minutes (operating time ≧ allowable time), The output of the heating device 12 is reduced, and the temperature of the heating device 12 is lowered to, for example, 40°C.
　続いて、このように構成された車両用暖房装置１における空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２の制御フローについて、図３のフローチャートを用いて説明する。
　車両用暖房装置１では、車両用暖房装置１の起動後、車室内温度が所望の温度範囲に到達して安定すると、制御装置１０により一定の周期で乗員の温冷感を含む快適度を監視し、図３に示すフローチャートに従って空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２を制御する。 Next, a control flow of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 in the vehicle heating device 1 configured as described above will be explained using the flowchart of FIG. 3.
In the vehicle heating system 1, after the vehicle heating system 1 is activated and the temperature inside the vehicle reaches a desired temperature range and stabilizes, the control device 10 monitors the occupant's comfort level, including thermal sensation, at regular intervals. Then, the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
　制御装置１０では、快適度推定部２１により乗員の快適度を推定し（ステップＳ１０１）、許容時間算出部２３により加熱装置１２が安全に作動可能な許容時間を算出し（ステップＳ１０２）、作動時間算出部２４により、乗員の快適度が目標快適度となるまで加熱装置１２が作動した場合の作動時間を算出し（ステップＳ１０３）、消費電力算出部２２により、快適度推定部２１によって推定された快適度が目標快適度となるように空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２を作動させる場合に、空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２が消費する予想消費電力をそれぞれ算出する（ステップＳ１０４）。 In the control device 10, the comfort level estimating unit 21 estimates the comfort level of the occupant (step S101), the allowable time calculating unit 23 calculates the allowable time during which the heating device 12 can safely operate (step S102), and calculates the operating time. The calculation unit 24 calculates the operating time when the heating device 12 operates until the comfort level of the occupant reaches the target comfort level (step S103), and the power consumption calculation unit 22 calculates the operating time estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21. When operating the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 so that the comfort level reaches the target comfort level, the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 is calculated, respectively (step S104).
　出力制御部２５は、ステップＳ１０５以降において、ステップＳ１０１からステップＳ１０４において得られた乗員の快適度と、加熱装置１２の許容時間及び作動時間と、空調装置１１の予想消費電力と、加熱装置１２の予想消費電力とに基づいて、空調装置１１又は加熱装置１２の少なくとも何れか一方を制御する。 After step S105, the output control unit 25 calculates the comfort level of the occupant obtained in steps S101 to S104, the allowable time and operating time of the heating device 12, the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11, and the estimated power consumption of the heating device 12. At least one of the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 is controlled based on the expected power consumption.
　出力制御部２５は、快適度推定部２１によって推定された快適度と予め定めた目標快適度とを比較し（ステップＳ１０５）、快適度が目標快適度以上である場合（乗員が「快適」又は「暑い」と感じていると推定される場合）に、ステップＳ１０６に進む。快適度と目標快適度が等しく、乗員が「快適」と感じていると推定される場合には（ステップＳ１０６）、空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２の出力を維持するように制御する。 The output control unit 25 compares the comfort level estimated by the comfort level estimation unit 21 with a predetermined target comfort level (step S105), and if the comfort level is equal to or higher than the target comfort level (the occupant is "comfortable" or If it is estimated that the user is feeling "hot"), the process advances to step S106. If the comfort level and the target comfort level are equal and it is estimated that the occupant feels "comfortable" (step S106), the outputs of the air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled to be maintained.
　出力制御部２５は、快適度が目標快適度よりも大きく、乗員が「暑い」と感じていると推定される場合（ステップＳ１０６）には、加熱装置１２の作動時間と許容時間とを比較する（ステップＳ１０７）。加熱装置１２の作動時間が許容時間より長い場合には、加熱装置の出力を低減させる（ステップＳ１０８）。加熱装置１２の作動時間が許容時間より短い場合には、空調装置１１の予想消費電力と加熱装置１２の予想消費電力とを比較し（ステップＳ１０９）、加熱装置１２の予想消費電力が大きい場合には、加熱装置１２の出力を低減させる（ステップＳ１０８）。ステップＳ１０９において、加熱装置１２の予想消費電力よりも空調装置１１の予想消費電力が大きい場合には、空調装置１１の出力を低減させる（ステップＳ１１０）。 If the comfort level is greater than the target comfort level and it is estimated that the occupant feels "hot" (step S106), the output control unit 25 compares the operating time of the heating device 12 with the allowable time. (Step S107). If the operating time of the heating device 12 is longer than the allowable time, the output of the heating device is reduced (step S108). If the operating time of the heating device 12 is shorter than the allowable time, the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 are compared (step S109), and if the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 is large, reduces the output of the heating device 12 (step S108). In step S109, if the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 is larger than the expected power consumption of the heating device 12, the output of the air conditioner 11 is reduced (step S110).
　ステップＳ１０５に戻り、ステップＳ１０５おける快適度と目標快適度との比較において、快適度が目標快適度より小さいである場合（乗員が「寒い」と感じていると推定される場合）には、ステップＳ１１１に進み、加熱装置１２の作動時間と許容時間とを比較する。加熱装置１２の作動時間が許容時間より長い場合には、加熱装置の出力を低減させ（ステップＳ１１２）、かつ、空調装置１１の出力を上昇させる（ステップＳ１１６）。 Returning to step S105, in comparing the comfort level in step S105 with the target comfort level, if the comfort level is smaller than the target comfort level (if it is estimated that the occupant feels "cold"), step Proceeding to S111, the operating time of the heating device 12 and the allowable time are compared. If the operating time of the heating device 12 is longer than the allowable time, the output of the heating device is reduced (step S112), and the output of the air conditioner 11 is increased (step S116).
　加熱装置１２の作動時間が許容時間より短い場合には、空調装置１１の予想消費電力と加熱装置１２の予想消費電力とを比較し（ステップＳ１１３）、空調装置１１の予想消費電力よりも加熱装置１２の予想消費電力が小さい場合には、加熱装置の出力を上昇させる（ステップＳ１１４）。 If the operating time of the heating device 12 is shorter than the allowable time, the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11 and the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 are compared (step S113), and the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 is lower than the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11. If the expected power consumption of No. 12 is small, the output of the heating device is increased (step S114).
　ステップＳ１１３の比較の結果、空調装置１１の予想消費電力よりも加熱装置１２の予想消費電力が大きい場合には、空調装置１１の吹出温度が所定温度以下であるか判定する（ステップＳ１１５）。空調装置１１の吹出温度が所定温度以下である場合には、加熱装置１２の出力を上昇させる（ステップＳ１１４）。ステップＳ１１５において空調装置１１の吹出温度が所定温度より大きいと判定された場合には、空調装置１１の出力を上昇させる（ステップＳ１１６）。 As a result of the comparison in step S113, if the expected power consumption of the heating device 12 is larger than the expected power consumption of the air conditioner 11, it is determined whether the blowing temperature of the air conditioner 11 is below a predetermined temperature (step S115). When the blowing temperature of the air conditioner 11 is below the predetermined temperature, the output of the heating device 12 is increased (step S114). If it is determined in step S115 that the outlet temperature of the air conditioner 11 is higher than the predetermined temperature, the output of the air conditioner 11 is increased (step S116).
　このように構成された車両用暖房装置１では、空調装置１１と加熱装置１２を用いて暖房を行う場合において、乗員の快適度を推定し、車室内空間や乗員が着座する座席シート１０１近傍が目標快適度によって示される温度となるように空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２の制御を行う。このとき、制御装置１０は、乗員の快適度を推定し、目標快適度に対する温冷感を含む快適度の過不足に鑑みて、乗員の快適度が目標快適度となるように制御している。 In the vehicle heating system 1 configured as described above, when heating is performed using the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12, the comfort level of the passenger is estimated and the interior space of the vehicle and the vicinity of the seat 101 where the passenger is seated are estimated. The air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled so that the temperature reaches the temperature indicated by the target comfort level. At this time, the control device 10 estimates the comfort level of the occupant and controls the comfort level of the occupant to reach the target comfort level, taking into consideration whether the comfort level including the thermal sensation is excessive or insufficient with respect to the target comfort level. .
　そして、乗員が快適と感じるように車室内空間や乗員が着座する座席シート１０１近傍を暖房するために、空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２が消費すると予想される予想費電力を算出し、予想消費電力が小さくなるように空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２制御する。このため、車両用暖房装置１では、乗員の快適性を向上させつつ、消費電力を抑制することができる。 Then, in order to heat the interior space of the vehicle and the vicinity of the seat 101 on which the passenger is seated so that the passenger feels comfortable, the estimated power consumption that is expected to be consumed by the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 is calculated, and the estimated power consumption is calculated. The air conditioner 11 and heating device 12 are controlled so that Therefore, the vehicle heating device 1 can suppress power consumption while improving passenger comfort.
　一方、制御装置１０は、加熱装置１２の作動時間と安全に作動可能な許容時間とを算出して、目標快適度となるように空調装置１１及び加熱装置１２を制御した場合に、加熱装置１２の作動時間が許容時間を超える場合には、消費電力の大小にかかわらず、加熱装置１２の出力を低減するので、低温やけどを防止することができ、安全性が向上し、延いては乗員の快適性をより向上させることができる。 On the other hand, the control device 10 calculates the operating time of the heating device 12 and the allowable time for safe operation, and controls the air conditioner 11 and the heating device 12 so that the target comfort level is achieved. If the operating time exceeds the allowable time, the output of the heating device 12 is reduced regardless of the amount of power consumption, which prevents low-temperature burns, improves safety, and ultimately protects the occupants. Comfort can be further improved.
　以上、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳述してきたが、具体的な構成はこれらの実施の形態に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計の変更等があっても本発明に含まれる。また、上述の各実施の形態は、その目的及び構成等に特に矛盾や問題がない限り、互いの技術を流用して組み合わせることが可能である。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments, and the design may be changed without departing from the gist of the present invention. Even if there is, it is included in the present invention. Moreover, the above-described embodiments can be combined by using each other's technologies unless there is a particular contradiction or problem in the purpose, structure, etc.
１：車両用暖房装置、１０：制御装置、１１：空調装置、１２：加熱装置、
２０：ＣＰＵ、２１：快適度推定部、２２：消費電力算出部、２３：許容時間算出部、２４：作動時間算出部、２５：出力制御部、３０：ＲＯＭ、４０、ＲＡＭ、５０：記憶部、
７１：赤外線センサ、７２：内気センサ、７３：日射センサ、７４：着座センサ、７５：加熱装置温度センサ、７６：吹出温度センサ、
１００：車両、１０１：座席シート、１０２：乗員 1: vehicle heating device, 10: control device, 11: air conditioner, 12: heating device,
20: CPU, 21: Comfort level estimation section, 22: Power consumption calculation section, 23: Allowable time calculation section, 24: Operating time calculation section, 25: Output control section, 30: ROM, 40, RAM, 50: Storage section ,
71: infrared sensor, 72: internal air sensor, 73: solar radiation sensor, 74: seating sensor, 75: heating device temperature sensor, 76: blowout temperature sensor,
100: Vehicle, 101: Seat, 102: Passenger

Claims (7)

  1. 　温調した空気を車室内に供給する空調装置と、座席シート近傍の空間を加熱する加熱装置と、前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置を制御する制御装置を備えた車両用暖房装置であって、
    　前記制御装置は、
    　乗員の温冷感を含む快適度を推定する快適度推定部と、
    　前記快適度が予め定めた目標快適度となるように前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置を作動させる場合に、前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置が消費する予想消費電力をそれぞれ算出する消費電力算出部と、
    　前記空調装置の予想消費電力及び前記加熱装置の予想消費電力に基づいて、前記空調装置及び前記加熱装置の少なくとも何れか一方を制御する出力制御部と、を備えた車両用暖房装置。     A heating device for a vehicle, comprising an air conditioning device that supplies temperature-controlled air into a vehicle interior, a heating device that heats a space near the seat, and a control device that controls the air conditioning device and the heating device,
    The control device includes:
    a comfort level estimation unit that estimates the comfort level including the thermal sensation of the occupant;
    a power consumption calculation unit that calculates the expected power consumption of the air conditioning device and the heating device when the air conditioning device and the heating device are operated so that the comfort level reaches a predetermined target comfort level;
    A heating device for a vehicle, comprising: an output control unit that controls at least one of the air conditioner and the heating device based on the expected power consumption of the air conditioner and the expected power consumption of the heating device.
  2. 　前記出力制御部は、
    　前記快適度により示される温度が、前記目標快適度により示される温度よりも高い場合に、前記空調装置の予想消費電力又は前記加熱装置の予想消費電力のうち、高い予想消費電力を示す方の出力を低下させる、請求項１記載の車両用暖房装置。     The output control section includes:
    When the temperature indicated by the comfort level is higher than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level, the output of the predicted power consumption of the air conditioner or the predicted power consumption of the heating device, whichever shows the higher predicted power consumption. The vehicle heating device according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle heating device lowers the temperature.
  3. 　前記出力制御部は、
    　前記快適度により示される温度が、前記目標快適度により示される温度よりも低い場合に、前記空調装置の予想消費電力又は前記加熱装置の予想消費電力のうち、低い予想消費電力を示す方の出力を上昇させる、請求項１記載の車両用暖房装置。     The output control section includes:
    When the temperature indicated by the comfort level is lower than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level, the output of the predicted power consumption of the air conditioner or the predicted power consumption of the heating device, whichever shows the lower predicted power consumption. The vehicle heating device according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle heating device raises the temperature of the vehicle.
  4. 　前記出力制御部は、
    　前記快適度により示される温度が、前記目標快適度により示される温度よりも低く、かつ、前記空調装置の吹出温度が所定温度以下の場合に、前記加熱装置の出力を上昇させる、請求項３記載の車両用暖房装置。     The output control section includes:
    4. The output of the heating device is increased when the temperature indicated by the comfort level is lower than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level and the outlet temperature of the air conditioner is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature. vehicle heating system.
  5. 　前記制御装置は、
    　前記加熱装置を安全に作動させることができる許容時間を算出する許容時間算出部と、
    　前記加熱装置の作動開始から現在までに作動した作動時間を算出する作動時間算出部と、をさらに備え、
    　前記出力制御部は、前記作動時間が前記許容時間を超える場合に、前記加熱装置の出力を低下させるように制御する、請求項１記載の車両用暖房装置。     The control device includes:
    an allowable time calculation unit that calculates an allowable time during which the heating device can be safely operated;
    further comprising an operation time calculation unit that calculates the operation time of the heating device from the start of operation to the present,
    The heating device for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the output control unit controls the output of the heating device to be reduced when the operating time exceeds the allowable time.
  6. 　前記出力制御部は、
    　前記快適度により示される温度が、前記目標快適度により示される温度よりも低く、かつ、前記作動時間が前記許容時間を超える場合に、
    　前記加熱装置の出力を低下させると共に、前記空調装置の出力を上昇させるように制御する、請求項５記載の車両用暖房装置。     The output control section includes:
    When the temperature indicated by the comfort level is lower than the temperature indicated by the target comfort level and the operating time exceeds the allowable time,
    The heating device for a vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the heating device is controlled to reduce the output of the heating device and to increase the output of the air conditioner.
  7. 　前記許容時間は、前記加熱装置の温度変化の履歴に基づいて算出され、前記加熱装置の作動開始から起算して前記加熱装置を安全に作動させることができる時間である、請求項５記載の車両用暖房装置。
    　     The vehicle according to claim 5, wherein the allowable time is calculated based on a history of temperature changes of the heating device, and is a time during which the heating device can be safely operated starting from the start of operation of the heating device. heating equipment.
PCT/JP2023/019674 2022-06-16 2023-05-26 Vehicular heating device WO2023243366A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011069601A (en) * 2009-05-11 2011-04-07 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd Apparatus management device and program
JP2012192827A (en) * 2011-03-16 2012-10-11 Denso Corp Vehicular heating device
JP2019123364A (en) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-25 株式会社東芝 Vehicle air-conditioning control device, vehicle air-conditioning control method and program
US20210114433A1 (en) * 2018-02-19 2021-04-22 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Motor vehicle thermal management system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011069601A (en) * 2009-05-11 2011-04-07 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd Apparatus management device and program
JP2012192827A (en) * 2011-03-16 2012-10-11 Denso Corp Vehicular heating device
JP2019123364A (en) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-25 株式会社東芝 Vehicle air-conditioning control device, vehicle air-conditioning control method and program
US20210114433A1 (en) * 2018-02-19 2021-04-22 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Motor vehicle thermal management system

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