WO2023240612A1 - Plaque d'électrode négative, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif électrique - Google Patents

Plaque d'électrode négative, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif électrique Download PDF

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WO2023240612A1
WO2023240612A1 PCT/CN2022/099515 CN2022099515W WO2023240612A1 WO 2023240612 A1 WO2023240612 A1 WO 2023240612A1 CN 2022099515 W CN2022099515 W CN 2022099515W WO 2023240612 A1 WO2023240612 A1 WO 2023240612A1
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negative electrode
active material
negative
battery
material layer
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PCT/CN2022/099515
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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柴志生
迟庆魁
金海族
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to CN202280062478.XA priority Critical patent/CN117941092A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/099515 priority patent/WO2023240612A1/fr
Publication of WO2023240612A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023240612A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a negative electrode plate, a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack and an electrical device including the negative electrode plate.
  • lithium-ion batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles, people are paying attention to issues such as the vehicle's cruising range and charging time, which have put forward higher requirements for the battery capacity and fast charging capabilities of lithium-ion batteries.
  • This application was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a negative electrode plate, a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack and a power consumption device with good battery capacity and fast charging performance.
  • this application provides a negative electrode plate, which includes:
  • first negative electrode material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector, the first negative electrode material layer including a first negative electrode active material
  • a second negative electrode material layer disposed on the first negative electrode material layer, the second negative electrode material layer including a second negative electrode active material;
  • the first negative electrode material layer has a porosity Q1
  • the second negative electrode material layer has a porosity Q2, and 1.11 ⁇ Q2/Q1 ⁇ 1.45.
  • the negative electrode plate of the present application can enable the secondary battery to have both high battery capacity and good fast charging performance (such as short charging time), achieving a balance between the two.
  • the first negative electrode material layer has a porosity Q1 of 15% to 35%, optionally 20% to 30%.
  • the porosity Q2 of the second negative electrode material layer is 20% to 40%, optionally 25% to 35%.
  • the first negative active material has a median particle diameter of D1
  • the second negative active material has a median particle diameter of D2, and 0.4 ⁇ D2/D1 ⁇ 0.95, optionally 0.6 ⁇ D2/D1 ⁇ 0.8.
  • the material particle size ratio within the above range helps lithium ions in the electrolyte quickly enter the negative electrode material layer, which is beneficial to improving fast charging performance and shortening charging time.
  • the friction coefficient of the first negative active material is ⁇ 1
  • the friction coefficient of the second negative active material is ⁇ 2, and 1 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, optionally 1.1 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.7 .
  • the compressive strength of the first negative active material is P1
  • the compressive strength of the second negative active material is P2, and 1.1 ⁇ P2/P1 ⁇ 2.5, optionally 1.1 ⁇ P2/ P1 ⁇ 2.0
  • the compressive strength is the pressing pressure per unit area when the negative active material is pressed into a compact with a compacted density of 1.7g/ cm3 .
  • the use of negative active materials with the above compressive strength is conducive to further increasing the battery capacity of secondary batteries and improving their fast charging performance.
  • the first negative active material has a resistivity of ⁇ 1
  • the second negative active material has a resistivity of ⁇ 2, and 1 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.5, optionally 1.2 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.4.
  • the first negative active material and the second negative active material are the same or different, and are each independently selected from: carbon-based negative active materials, transition metal oxides or combinations thereof, or carbon-based negative active materials.
  • carbon-based negative active materials transition metal oxides or combinations thereof, or carbon-based negative active materials.
  • the carbon-based negative active material is selected from graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon or a combination thereof;
  • the transition metal oxide is selected from lithium titanate, lithium niobate, lithium ferrite or combinations thereof;
  • the silicon-based negative active material is selected from elemental silicon, silicon-oxygen composite, silicon-carbon composite, silicon-nitride composite, silicon alloy or combinations thereof.
  • the second negative electrode material layer includes 0 to 25 wt%, optionally 0 to 10 wt% of silicon-based negative active material, based on the total weight of the second negative active material count.
  • the first negative electrode material layer includes 0 to 25 wt%, optionally 0 to 10 wt% of silicon-based negative active material, based on the total weight of the first negative active material count.
  • including silicon-based negative active material in the first and/or second negative electrode material layer can reduce the coating weight of the negative electrode sheet, increase battery capacity, and increase the porosity of each material layer.
  • a second aspect of the present application also provides a secondary battery, which includes the negative electrode plate of the first aspect of the present application.
  • a third aspect of the present application further provides a battery module, which includes the secondary battery of the second aspect of the present application.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application also provides a battery pack, which includes the battery module of the third aspect of the present application.
  • a fifth aspect of the present application also provides an electrical device, which includes at least one selected from the secondary battery of the second aspect, the battery module of the third aspect, or the battery pack of the fourth aspect.
  • the negative electrode plate of the present application and the secondary battery including the negative electrode plate have better overall performance, that is, higher battery capacity and better fast charging performance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the negative electrode plate of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode plate of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a power consumption device using a secondary battery as a power source according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Ranges disclosed herein are defined in terms of lower and upper limits. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit that define the boundaries of the particular range. Ranges defined in this manner may be inclusive or exclusive of the endpoints, and may be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a particular parameter, understand that ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also expected. Furthermore, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2- 3, 2-4 and 2-5.
  • the numerical range “a-b” represents an abbreviated representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers.
  • the numerical range “0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" have been listed in this article, and "0-5" is just an abbreviation of these numerical combinations.
  • a certain parameter is an integer ⁇ 2
  • the method includes steps (a) and (b), which means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially.
  • step (c) means that step (c) may be added to the method in any order.
  • the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c). , may also include steps (a), (c) and (b), may also include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.
  • condition "A or B” is satisfied by any of the following conditions: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists) ; Or both A and B are true (or exist).
  • the present application provides a negative electrode plate, as well as a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack and an electrical device including the negative electrode plate.
  • the present application proposes a negative electrode sheet, which includes:
  • first negative electrode material layer disposed on at least one surface of the current collector, the first negative electrode material layer including a first negative electrode active material
  • a second negative electrode material layer disposed on the first negative electrode material layer, the second negative electrode material layer including a second negative electrode active material;
  • the first negative electrode material layer has a porosity Q1
  • the second negative electrode material layer has a porosity Q2, and 1.11 ⁇ Q2/Q1 ⁇ 1.45.
  • designing the negative electrode plate into a multi-layer structure will help improve the fast charging performance of the battery.
  • the negative electrode sheet has, for example, two negative electrode active material layers, and the porosity of each layer satisfies the above range, the secondary battery can have balanced performance—higher capacity and better performance. Fast charging performance.
  • Q2/Q1 meets the above range, and the battery capacity and fast charging performance reach a better level. This is because during the charging process of the secondary battery, lithium ions from the positive electrode first reach the surface layer of the negative electrode material. At this time, the concentration of lithium ions around the active material in the surface layer (or described as the upper layer, that is, the second negative electrode material layer) is higher.
  • the lithium ions in the electrolyte can be quickly transported to the bottom layer (or described as the lower layer), reducing the lithium ion concentration in the surface layer; and when the surface layer has a large porosity, the ratio of the surface material The surface area is also larger, and lithium ions can quickly migrate from the electrolyte into the solid-phase material (i.e., the negative electrode material), reducing the lithium ion concentration on the surface and preventing lithium ions from being enriched and precipitated on the surface, thereby improving charging capacity.
  • the lithium ion concentration around the active material in the bottom layer is lower than that in the surface layer, so the porosity of the bottom layer can be relatively low to meet higher capacity.
  • the negative electrode material layer close to the current collector is defined as the lower layer (corresponding to the first negative electrode material layer), and the negative electrode material far away from the current collector is defined as the lower layer (corresponding to the first negative electrode material layer).
  • the layer is defined as the upper layer (corresponding to the second negative electrode material layer).
  • the value of Q2/Q1 may be 1.11, 1.18, 1.27, 1.3, 1.36, or 1.45, or a range consisting of any two thereof.
  • the porosity Q1 and Q2 satisfy 1.18 ⁇ Q2/Q1 ⁇ 1.45. Keeping the porosity ratio of the first and second negative electrode material layers within the above range helps to further improve and balance the battery capacity and fast charging performance.
  • the porosity Q1 of the first negative electrode material layer is 15% to 35%, optionally 20% to 30%. In some embodiments, the porosity Q2 of the second negative electrode material layer is 20% to 40%, optionally 25% to 35%.
  • the charging time can be shortened and the secondary battery can have the required battery capacity; at the same time, it can also help to improve the adhesion of the electrode piece, Reduce ohmic impedance.
  • the first negative active material has a median particle diameter of D1
  • the second negative active material has a median particle diameter of D2, and 0.4 ⁇ D2/D1 ⁇ 0.95, optionally 0.6 ⁇ D2/D1 ⁇ 0.8.
  • the value of D2/D1 may be a range of 0.4, 0.57, 0.6, 0.64, 0.68, 0.8, 0.95, or any two thereof.
  • D2/D1 within the above range helps lithium ions in the electrolyte quickly enter the negative electrode material layer, which is beneficial to improving fast charging performance and shortening charging time.
  • the particle size of the negative active material contained in the upper layer and the lower layer is D2 ⁇ D1, that is, the particle size of the negative active material in the upper layer is relatively small, while the particle size of the negative active material in the lower layer is relatively small. larger.
  • the solid-phase diffusion coefficient of active ions in secondary batteries in the negative active material is small.
  • the active ions may be enriched on the surface of the negative active material layer, which is not only detrimental to fast charging but may also cause other problems.
  • Using materials with smaller particle sizes in the upper layer can help reduce or avoid the enrichment and precipitation of active ions, thereby improving fast charging performance.
  • the term "median particle size" means the particle size at which the cumulative particle size distribution percentage of a sample reaches 50%.
  • the median particle size can be measured by methods well known in the art.
  • the median particle size can refer to the national standard GB/T19077-2016 and be measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer.
  • the first negative active material has a median particle diameter D1 of 8 ⁇ m to 22 ⁇ m, optionally 12 ⁇ m to 21 ⁇ m, and more optionally 16 ⁇ m to 21 ⁇ m.
  • the second negative active material has a median particle diameter D2 of 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, optionally 8 ⁇ m to 17 ⁇ m, and more optionally 11 ⁇ m to 13 ⁇ m.
  • the D1 ranges from 8 ⁇ m to 22 ⁇ m, and the D2 ranges from 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the D1 is from 12 ⁇ m to 21 ⁇ m, and the D2 is from 8 ⁇ m to 17 ⁇ m. D1 and D2 respectively meet the above range and can further improve battery capacity and fast charging performance.
  • the friction coefficient of the first negative active material is ⁇ 1
  • the friction coefficient of the second negative active material is ⁇ 2, and 1 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2, optionally 1.1 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.7 .
  • the value of ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 may be 1, 1.1, 1.43, 1.7, or 2, or a range consisting of any two thereof. ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 satisfying the above range is beneficial to improving battery capacity, improving electrolyte infiltration, reducing impedance, and improving fast charging performance.
  • the coefficient of friction can be determined using methods known in the art. For example, the friction coefficient can be determined as follows: press the negative active material to be tested into two pieces, measure the mass of one sample as m, and then stack the two pieces to be tested. The sample is located on the upper layer, and the lower sample is fixed so that the contact surfaces overlap. Push the sample placed on the upper layer horizontally at a speed of 1mm/s, and record the stable thrust as F.
  • the friction coefficient of the first negative active material is ⁇ 1, and ⁇ 1 is 0.02-0.4, optionally 0.05-0.4, more optionally 0.05-0.3.
  • the friction coefficient of the second negative active material is ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 2 is 0.05-0.6, optionally 0.1-0.5, more optionally 0.2-0.4. Selecting the first and second negative active materials with friction coefficients within the above range is more conducive to further improving the performance of the pole piece and battery.
  • the compressive strength of the first negative active material is P1
  • the compressive strength of the second negative active material is P2, and 1.1 ⁇ P2/P1 ⁇ 2.5, optionally 1.1 ⁇ P2/ P1 ⁇ 2.0
  • the compressive strength is the pressing pressure per unit area when the negative active material is pressed into a compact with a compacted density of 1.7g/ cm3 .
  • the unit of compressive strength is MPa.
  • the value of P2/P1 may be 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, or 2.5, or a range consisting of any two thereof.
  • the compressive strength of each layer of negative active material satisfies the above relationship, which is conducive to further improving the performance of the pole piece and battery.
  • the compressive strength can be determined by referring to the method of GB/T 13465.2-2002.
  • the compressive strength can be measured by the following method: weigh a certain mass of the material to be measured, put it evenly into a hollow cylindrical tank with an internal cross-sectional area S, and use a pressure head (the cross-sectional area is also S) to gradually push the material Press to a certain thickness so that the compacted density is 1.7g/cm 3 and record the pressure as F at this time.
  • the compressive strength of the first negative active material is P1, and P1 is 60MPa to 200MPa, optionally 65MPa to 175MPa, more optionally 70MPa to 80MPa.
  • the compressive strength of the second negative active material is P2, and P2 is 75MPa to 265MPa, optionally 82.5MPa to 262.5MPa, more optionally 90MPa to 210MPa.
  • the use of negative active materials with the above-mentioned compressive strength is conducive to further improving the performance of the pole piece and battery.
  • the first negative active material has a resistivity of ⁇ 1
  • the second negative active material has a resistivity of ⁇ 2, and 1 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.5, optionally 1.2 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.5, optionally 1.2 ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1.4.
  • the value of ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 may be 1, 1.2, 1.4, or 1.5, or a range consisting of any two thereof. Choosing such a material can further improve the fast charging performance of the negative electrode piece and reduce the resistance of the entire electrode piece and even the battery.
  • the first negative active material has a resistivity ⁇ 1 of 8 ⁇ 10 -6 to 15 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m, optionally 9 ⁇ 10 -6 to 13 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m , more optionally 10 ⁇ 10 -6 to 12 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m.
  • the resistivity ⁇ 2 of the second negative active material is 7 ⁇ 10 -6 to 18 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m, optionally 11 ⁇ 10 -6 to 16 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m, more optionally 12 ⁇ 10 -6 to 15 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m.
  • resistivity means a physical quantity used to measure the electron transport resistance characteristics of a substance. Resistivity can be determined by methods well known in the art. For example, the resistivity of the negative active material can be measured using a four-probe resistivity tester.
  • the first negative active material and the second negative active material are the same or different, and are each independently selected from: carbon-based negative active materials, transition metal oxides or combinations thereof, or carbon-based negative active materials.
  • the porosity is further improved, thereby improving the fast charging performance.
  • the first negative active material is selected from carbon-based negative active materials, lithium titanate, or combinations thereof.
  • the second negative active material is selected from a combination of a carbon-based negative active material and a silicon-based negative active material or a combination of a transition metal oxide and a silicon-based negative active material.
  • the second negative electrode material layer includes a silicon-based negative electrode material, and the first negative electrode material layer does not include a silicon-based negative electrode material.
  • both the first negative electrode material layer and the second negative electrode material layer include silicon-based negative electrode materials.
  • the carbon-based negative active material is selected from graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, or combinations thereof.
  • the transition metal oxide is selected from lithium titanate, lithium niobate, lithium ferrite, or combinations thereof.
  • the silicon-based negative active material is selected from elemental silicon, silicon oxygen composite (SiOx), silicon carbon composite, silicon nitrogen composite, silicon alloy or combinations thereof.
  • the first negative active material is graphite.
  • the second negative active material is graphite.
  • the graphite may be artificial graphite or natural graphite. Selecting the above-mentioned materials as the first and/or second negative electrode active materials is beneficial to improving the fast charging performance and battery capacity of the secondary battery.
  • the second negative electrode material layer includes 0% to 25% by weight, optionally 0% to 9.65% by weight, optionally 0% to 10% by weight silicon-based negative active material, Based on the total weight of the second negative active material.
  • the second negative electrode material layer includes the above-mentioned amount of silicon-based negative electrode material, the performance of the electrode piece and even the battery is improved.
  • the above content range can be beneficial to maintaining the integrity of the second negative electrode material layer (ie, the upper layer) (making it less likely to be powdered and delaminated) when containing silicon-based materials, thereby improving the performance of the electrode sheet and battery.
  • the first negative electrode material layer includes 0% to 25% by weight, optionally 0% to 9.65% by weight, optionally 0% to 10% by weight silicon-based negative active material, Based on the total weight of the first negative active material.
  • including silicon-based negative active material in the first and/or second negative electrode material layer can reduce the coating weight of the negative electrode sheet, increase battery capacity, and increase the porosity of each material layer.
  • the silicon-based negative electrode material has a median particle size of 0.2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the silicon-based negative electrode material has a friction coefficient of 1 to 3. In some embodiments, the silicon-based negative electrode material has a compressive strength of 50 MPa to 150 MPa. In some embodiments, the silicon-based negative electrode material has a resistivity of 10 1 ⁇ m to 10 2 ⁇ m.
  • the first negative electrode material layer and the second negative electrode material layer have an average compacted density of 1.3 to 1.9 g/cm 3 .
  • the weight of the first negative electrode material layer is 4.5 ⁇ 10 -3 to 7 ⁇ 10 -3 g/cm 2 . In some embodiments, the weight of the second negative electrode material layer is between 4.5 ⁇ 10 -3 and 7 ⁇ 10 -3 g/cm 2 .
  • the thickness of the first negative electrode material layer is 50 ⁇ m to 90 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the second negative electrode material layer is 55 ⁇ m to 110 ⁇ m. In this article, the thickness of the material layer is the thickness measured after disassembly and measurement of a fresh battery (that is, a battery that has been charged and discharged ⁇ 5 times) after being discharged to the lower limit voltage (that is, in this case, all active ions such as lithium ions are released ).
  • the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite in its own thickness direction, and the negative electrode material layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base material.
  • the composite current collector can be formed by forming metal materials (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as polypropylene (PP), polyterephthalate It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PE polyethylene
  • each negative electrode material layer optionally further includes a binder.
  • the binder may be any binder commonly used in the art.
  • the binder may be selected from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), alginic acid At least one of sodium (SA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).
  • each negative electrode material layer optionally further includes a conductive agent.
  • the conductive agent may be selected from at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanofibers.
  • the negative electrode material layer optionally also includes other auxiliaries, such as thickeners (such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)) and the like.
  • auxiliaries such as thickeners (such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)) and the like.
  • the negative electrode sheet can be prepared by dispersing the above-mentioned components for preparing the negative electrode sheet, such as negative active materials, conductive agents, binders and any other components in a solvent (such as deionized water) to form a negative electrode slurry; the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the negative electrode piece can be obtained.
  • a solvent such as deionized water
  • a secondary battery which includes the negative electrode sheet of the present application.
  • a battery module which includes the secondary battery of the present application.
  • a battery pack which includes the battery module of the present application.
  • an electrical device which includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a secondary battery, a battery module or a battery pack of the present application.
  • a secondary battery is provided.
  • a secondary battery typically includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte and a separator.
  • active ions are inserted and detached back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the electrolyte plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the isolation film is placed between the positive electrode piece and the negative electrode piece. It mainly prevents the positive and negative electrodes from short-circuiting and allows ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode film layer includes the positive electrode active material of the first aspect of the present application.
  • the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its own thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on any one or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector.
  • the metal foil aluminum foil can be used.
  • the composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base layer.
  • the composite current collector can be formed by forming metal materials (aluminum, aluminum alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, silver and silver alloys, etc.) on polymer material substrates (such as polypropylene (PP), polyterephthalate It is formed on substrates such as ethylene glycol ester (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PS polystyrene
  • PE polyethylene
  • the cathode active material may be a cathode active material known in the art for batteries.
  • the cathode active material may include at least one of the following materials: an olivine-structured lithium-containing phosphate, a lithium transition metal oxide, and their respective modified compounds.
  • the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as positive electrode active materials of batteries can also be used. Only one type of these positive electrode active materials may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
  • lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, lithium cobalt oxides (such as LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxides (such as LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganese oxides (such as LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium Nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 333 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (can also be abbreviated to NCM 523 ), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25 O 2 (can also be abbreviated to NCM 211 ), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (can also be abbreviated to NCM 622 ), LiNi At least one of 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (also referred to as NCM 811 ), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (such as Li Li
  • the olivine structure contains Examples of lithium phosphates may include, but are not limited to, lithium iron phosphate (such as LiFePO 4 (also referred to as LFP)), composites of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate (such as LiMnPO 4 ), lithium manganese phosphate and carbon. At least one of composite materials, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and composite materials of lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon.
  • lithium iron phosphate such as LiFePO 4 (also referred to as LFP)
  • composites of lithium iron phosphate and carbon such as LiMnPO 4
  • LiMnPO 4 lithium manganese phosphate and carbon.
  • At least one of composite materials, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and composite materials of lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon At least one of composite materials, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and composite materials of lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon.
  • the positive electrode film layer optionally further includes a binder.
  • the binder may include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene At least one of ethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and fluorine-containing acrylate resin.
  • the positive electrode film layer optionally further includes a conductive agent.
  • the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and carbon nanofibers.
  • the positive electrode sheet can be prepared by dispersing the above-mentioned components for preparing the positive electrode sheet, such as positive active material, conductive agent, binder and any other components in a solvent (such as N -methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode piece can be obtained.
  • a solvent such as N -methylpyrrolidone
  • the electrolyte plays a role in conducting ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the type of electrolyte in this application can be selected according to needs.
  • the electrolyte can be liquid, gel, or completely solid.
  • the electrolyte is an electrolyte solution.
  • the electrolyte solution includes electrolyte salts and solvents.
  • the electrolyte salt may be selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bisfluorosulfonimide, lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonimide, trifluoromethane At least one of lithium sulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluoroborate, lithium dioxaloborate, lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate and lithium tetrafluoroxalate phosphate.
  • the solvent may be selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, Butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate At least one of ester, 1,4-butyrolactone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone.
  • the electrolyte optionally further includes additives.
  • additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and may also include additives that can improve certain properties of the battery, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, additives that improve battery high-temperature or low-temperature performance, etc.
  • the secondary battery further includes a separator film.
  • a separator film There is no particular restriction on the type of isolation membrane in this application. Any well-known porous structure isolation membrane with good chemical stability and mechanical stability can be used.
  • the material of the isolation membrane can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the isolation film can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, with no special restrictions. When the isolation film is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, and there is no particular limitation.
  • the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece and the separator film can be made into an electrode assembly through a winding process or a lamination process.
  • the secondary battery may include an outer packaging.
  • the outer packaging can be used to package the above-mentioned electrode assembly and electrolyte.
  • the outer packaging of the secondary battery may be a hard shell, such as a hard plastic shell, an aluminum shell, a steel shell, etc.
  • the outer packaging of the secondary battery may also be a soft bag, such as a bag-type soft bag.
  • the material of the soft bag may be plastic, and examples of the plastic include polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, and the like.
  • Fig. 3 shows a square-structured secondary battery 5 as an example.
  • the outer package may include a housing 51 and a cover 53 .
  • the housing 51 may include a bottom plate and side plates connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plates enclose a receiving cavity.
  • the housing 51 has an opening communicating with the accommodation cavity, and the cover plate 53 can cover the opening to close the accommodation cavity.
  • the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece and the isolation film can be formed into the electrode assembly 52 through a winding process or a lamination process.
  • the electrode assembly 52 is packaged in the containing cavity.
  • the electrolyte soaks into the electrode assembly 52 .
  • the number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the secondary battery 5 can be one or more, and those skilled in the art can select according to specific actual needs.
  • secondary batteries can be assembled into battery modules, and the number of secondary batteries contained in the battery module can be one or more. Those skilled in the art can select the specific number according to the application and capacity of the battery module.
  • FIG. 5 is a battery module 4 as an example.
  • a plurality of secondary batteries 5 may be arranged in sequence along the length direction of the battery module 4 .
  • the plurality of secondary batteries 5 can be fixed by fasteners.
  • the battery module 4 may further include a housing having a receiving space in which a plurality of secondary batteries 5 are received.
  • the above-mentioned battery modules can also be assembled into a battery pack.
  • the number of battery modules contained in the battery pack can be one or more. Those skilled in the art can select the specific number according to the application and capacity of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and a plurality of battery modules 4 disposed in the battery box.
  • the battery box includes an upper box 2 and a lower box 3 .
  • the upper box 2 can be covered with the lower box 3 and form a closed space for accommodating the battery module 4 .
  • Multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in the battery box in any manner.
  • the present application also provides an electrical device, which includes at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack provided by the present application.
  • the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack may be used as a power source for the electrical device, or may be used as an energy storage unit for the electrical device.
  • the electric device may include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, and electric golf carts). , electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but are not limited to these.
  • a secondary battery, a battery module or a battery pack can be selected according to its usage requirements.
  • Figure 8 is an electrical device as an example.
  • the electric device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, etc.
  • a battery pack or battery module can be used.
  • the device may be a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, etc.
  • the device is usually required to be thin and light, and a secondary battery can be used as a power source.
  • the pole piece without adding silicon-based materials is prepared as follows:
  • the first negative electrode active material graphite, conductive agent (Super.P), dispersant sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), and binder styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are in a weight ratio of 96.5:0.7:1.0: 1.8 Mix, then add deionized water to it, mix well, and obtain the first negative electrode material slurry with a solid content of 50% and a viscosity of 9000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the negative electrode plate of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the negative electrode plate in Example 6 of the present application.
  • the gray part in the middle is the current collector.
  • the negative electrode material layers On both sides of the current collector are the negative electrode material layers. It can be seen that the negative electrode material layer is in two layers, with the lower layer having smaller porosity and the upper layer having larger porosity.
  • the preparation method is as follows:
  • First negative electrode active material graphite, SiOx (x is between 0 and 2), conductive agent (Super.P), dispersant sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na), adhesive styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is mixed with a weight ratio (96.5-a1): a1:0.7:1.0:1.8 (where a1 is the content of SiOx, see Table 5 for specific values in each embodiment), then add deionized water to it, and mix , the first negative electrode material slurry with a solid content of 50% and a viscosity of 9000 mPa ⁇ s was obtained.
  • the second negative electrode active material graphite, SiOx (x is between 0 and 2), conductive agent (Super.P), dispersant sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and adhesive styrene-butadiene rubber are used in a weight ratio (96.5 -a2):a2:0.7:1.0:1.8 are mixed (where a2 is the content of SiOx, see Table 5 for specific values in each embodiment), then add deionized water to it, mix well, and obtain a solid content of 50% and a viscosity of 9000mPa ⁇ s second negative electrode material slurry.
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • the positive electrode piece, the isolation film (polyethylene, thickness 9 ⁇ m) and the negative electrode piece are aligned, stacked and tightly attached in order, and then rolled into a cylindrical bare cell. Assemble the bare battery core into the case and inject 55g of electrolyte. After further chemical formation, a secondary battery is obtained.
  • the coating weight area density of the first negative electrode material layer W1 (unit: g/cm 2 ), the coating weight area density of the second negative electrode material layer W2 (unit: g/cm 2 ), and the total coating weight area of the pole piece Density W (unit: g/cm 2 ).
  • the thickness d1 (unit cm) of the first negative electrode material layer and the thickness d2 (unit cm) of the second negative electrode material layer were measured through scanning electron microscopy. Calculate the porosity of each layer of pole pieces according to the following formula:
  • the porosity of the first negative electrode material layer is the porosity of the first negative electrode material layer
  • the porosity of the pole piece described in this application is tested after the pole piece is cleaned and dried after the fresh battery is fully discharged.
  • a Mastersizer 3000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Malvern Panalytical) was used. Deionized water was used as the solvent. The positive active material to be tested was sonicated for 5 minutes before testing.
  • the testing instrument is GDW3-KDY-2 two-probe diaphragm resistance tester (Beijing Zhonghui Tiancheng Technology). Take the pole piece to be tested or prepare the pole piece layer to be tested and make a 4cm ⁇ 25cm sample. The samples were vacuum dried at 85°C for more than 4 hours and tested using the above resistance tester. The test pressure is 0.2-0.4MPa.
  • the full battery is charged with a stepped decreasing current at 35°C.
  • the battery state of charge (SOC) ranges from 10% to 80% SOC.
  • the boundary condition is that the negative electrode potential is >0mV.
  • the test equipment is Xinwei charger and discharger. The specific testing process is as follows:
  • Table 1 shows the effects of porosity Q2, Q1 and particle size D2, D1 in the negative electrode sheet on battery performance. Among them, in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-2, the friction coefficient ⁇ , compressive strength P and resistivity ⁇ of the material for preparing the negative electrode piece are respectively:
  • First material layer ⁇ 1 is 0.27, P1 is 75MPa, ⁇ 1 is 10 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m;
  • Second material layer ⁇ 2 is 0.3, P2 is 90MPa, ⁇ 2 is 12 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m;
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.11
  • P2/P1 is 1.2
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.2.
  • the friction coefficient ⁇ is 0.08, the compressive strength P is 75MPa, and the resistivity ⁇ is 10 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m; in Comparative Example 7, the friction coefficient ⁇ is 0.3, the compressive strength P is 150MPa, and the resistivity The rate ⁇ is 10 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m; in Comparative Example 8, the friction coefficients ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 of the first and second material layers are 0.4 and 0.08 respectively, ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 5, and the compressive strengths P2 and P1 are respectively are 260MPa and 75MPa, P2/P1 is 3.75, the resistivity ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 are 12 and 10 respectively, and ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.2; in Comparative Example 9, the friction coefficients ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 of the first and second material layers are 0.1 respectively.
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 0.33
  • the compressive strength P2 and P1 are 75MPa and 225MPa respectively
  • P2/P1 is 0.33
  • the resistivity ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 1 are 12 and 10 respectively
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.2.
  • the battery obtained by the double-layer negative electrode sheet of the present application has a shorter charging time and a higher battery capacity.
  • the double-layer pole pieces of Comparative Examples 1-2 and 5-6 were unable to achieve good overall performance, which was mainly reflected in the fact that the battery capacity and charging time could not be balanced, the charging time was too long or the capacity was low.
  • the negative electrode sheet is single-layer coated, and there is a problem of uneven performance: the porosity is low, and the resulting battery capacity is high, but the charging time is too long; the porosity is high, The resulting battery capacity has a shorter charging time but a smaller capacity.
  • Table 2 shows the influence of porosity Q2, Q1 and resistivity ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 in the negative electrode sheet on battery performance.
  • the particle size D, compressive strength P and resistivity ⁇ of the material for preparing the negative electrode sheet are respectively:
  • D1 is 18.5 ⁇ m
  • P1 is 75MPa
  • ⁇ 1 is 10 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m
  • Second material layer D2 is 12.5 ⁇ m, P2 is 150MPa, ⁇ 2 is 12 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m;
  • D2/D1 is 0.68
  • P2/P1 is 2
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.2.
  • Table 3 shows the effects of porosity Q2, Q1 and compressive strength P1, P2 in the negative electrode sheet on battery performance.
  • the particle size D, friction coefficient ⁇ and resistivity ⁇ of the material for preparing the negative electrode sheet are respectively:
  • First material layer D1 is 18.5 ⁇ m, ⁇ 1 is 0.27, ⁇ 1 is 10 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m;
  • Second material layer D2 is 12.5 ⁇ m, ⁇ 2 is 0.3, ⁇ 2 is 12 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m;
  • D2/D1 is 0.68
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.1
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.2.
  • Table 4 shows the influence of porosity Q2, Q1 and resistivity ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 in the negative electrode piece on battery performance.
  • the particle size D, friction coefficient ⁇ and compressive strength P of the material for preparing the negative electrode sheet are respectively:
  • D1 is 18.5 ⁇ m, ⁇ 1 is 0.27, P1 is 75MPa;
  • Second material layer D2 is 12.5 ⁇ m, ⁇ 2 is 0.3, P2 is 150MPa;
  • D2/D1 is 0.68
  • ⁇ 2/ ⁇ 1 is 1.1
  • P2/P1 is 2.
  • Table 5 shows embodiments including silicon-based negative electrode materials in the first and/or second negative electrode material layers.
  • the particle size D, friction coefficient ⁇ , compressive strength P and resistivity ⁇ of the material for preparing the negative electrode sheet are respectively:
  • First material layer graphite material D1 is 18.5 ⁇ m, ⁇ 1 is 0.27, P1 is 75MPa, ⁇ 1 is 10 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m;
  • Second material layer graphite material D2 is 12.5 ⁇ m, ⁇ 2 is 0.3, P2 is 150MPa, ⁇ 2 is 12 ⁇ 10 -6 ⁇ m;
  • the Dv50 of the silicon-based negative electrode material is 7um, the pressure resistance P is 140MPa, and the powder resistivity ⁇ is 20 ⁇ m.

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Abstract

La présente demande concerne une plaque d'électrode négative. La plaque d'électrode négative comprend : un collecteur de courant ; une première couche de matériau d'électrode négative, qui est disposée sur au moins une surface du collecteur de courant et comprend un premier matériau actif d'électrode négative ; et une seconde couche de matériau d'électrode négative, qui est disposée sur la première couche de matériau d'électrode négative et comprend un second matériau actif d'électrode négative, la première couche de matériau d'électrode négative ayant une porosité Q1, la seconde couche de matériau d'électrode négative ayant une porosité Q2, et 1,11 ≤ Q2/Q1 ≤ 1,45. De plus, la présente demande concerne en outre une batterie secondaire, un module de batterie, un bloc-batterie et un dispositif électrique, qui comprennent la plaque d'électrode négative. La plaque d'électrode négative, la batterie secondaire, le module de batterie, le bloc-batterie et le dispositif électrique de la présente demande présentent une capacité de batterie et une performance de charge améliorées.
PCT/CN2022/099515 2022-06-17 2022-06-17 Plaque d'électrode négative, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif électrique WO2023240612A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2022/099515 WO2023240612A1 (fr) 2022-06-17 2022-06-17 Plaque d'électrode négative, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif électrique

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110867560A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-06 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种负极极片及二次电池
CN113497218A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2021-10-12 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 负极极片、二次电池和包含二次电池的装置
CN113875046A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-12-31 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池、其制备方法及含有该二次电池的装置
CN113875049A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-12-31 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池、其制备方法和含有该二次电池的装置

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110867560A (zh) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-06 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 一种负极极片及二次电池
CN113497218A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2021-10-12 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 负极极片、二次电池和包含二次电池的装置
CN113875046A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-12-31 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池、其制备方法及含有该二次电池的装置
CN113875049A (zh) * 2020-04-30 2021-12-31 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 二次电池、其制备方法和含有该二次电池的装置

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