WO2023231570A1 - 一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置 - Google Patents

一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023231570A1
WO2023231570A1 PCT/CN2023/086828 CN2023086828W WO2023231570A1 WO 2023231570 A1 WO2023231570 A1 WO 2023231570A1 CN 2023086828 W CN2023086828 W CN 2023086828W WO 2023231570 A1 WO2023231570 A1 WO 2023231570A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blowing
water
filling
mud
water tank
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PCT/CN2023/086828
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郝宇驰
孙慧
陈沁泽
朱平
曲嘉铭
张晴波
李盼盼
陶润礼
吕行行
王盛
齐健璋
严晓威
Original Assignee
中交疏浚技术装备国家工程研究中心有限公司
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Publication of WO2023231570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231570A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
    • E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/18—Reclamation of land from water or marshes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of indoor simulation testing of blowing and filling construction.
  • the layered blowing and filling construction method aims at the above defects, designs the paving thickness of each layer according to the engineering blowing and filling requirements and sand source characteristics, and uses the configured layered blowing and filling device for precise control, so as to accurately lay the blowing and filling materials layer by layer. Go to the bottom of the water to plan the construction location.
  • this method is currently limited to projects with good construction conditions due to its complicated construction technology. For open sea areas with complex hydrological and meteorological environmental conditions such as large water depths and the influence of wind and waves, the existing blowing and filling construction experience and technology are not enough to meet this requirement. Requirements for fine control of layered blowing and filling construction under certain conditions.
  • the invention patent provides an indoor simulation device and test method for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction, which can accurately simulate the actual mobile layered blowing and filling construction methods and effects, has strong operability, and has diversified adjustments.
  • In-depth research on high-precision layered blowing and filling technology provides effective means to improve construction efficiency and management quality.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to disclose a design technical scheme of a mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction indoor simulation device including a mud storage system, a layered blowing and filling device, and a construction environment simulation system, so as to construct a mobile underwater filling and filling construction indoor simulation device respectively.
  • Mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction indoor simulation device including a mud storage system, a layered blowing and filling device, and a construction environment simulation system, so as to construct a mobile underwater filling and filling construction indoor simulation device respectively.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose an indoor simulation device for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction, which can fully simulate the actual mobile layered blowing and filling construction method.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a mobile indoor intelligent simulation test system for underwater layered blowing and filling construction.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose an indoor intelligent simulation test method for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction.
  • the invention can fully simulate the actual mobile layered blowing and filling construction method, and can control construction environmental factors such as wind waves, currents, water depth, etc., as well as the moving speed of the blowing and filling device, distance from the bottom bed, conveying mud flow rate, conveying mud concentration, sediment type, etc.
  • Key construction parameters are diversified and adjusted to provide effective means for in-depth research on high-precision layered blowing and filling technology and improvement of construction efficiency and management quality.
  • a mobile underwater layered blowing and filling indoor simulation device is characterized by including a mud storage system, a layered blowing and filling device, a construction environment simulation system, and a measurement system.
  • the mud storage system includes a storage box 18, a solid collection box 19, and a transportation pipeline.
  • the transportation pipeline includes a water source pipeline 11, a water-sand mixing pipeline 12, and a mud input pipeline 13; water and sand are provided on the water-sand mixing pipeline 12.
  • the storage box 18 is used to store and mix sediment and water; the storage box 18: solid aggregate is provided above it
  • the box 19 is used to put sediment into it, and the solid collecting box 19 is used to store sediment raw materials; water is supplied to the box through the water source pipe 11; a circulation channel is formed through the water and sand mixing pipe 12 and the water and sand mixing centrifugal pump P1.
  • the storage tank, water-sand mixing pipe 12, and water-sand mixing centrifugal pump P1 form a self-circulating system for uniformly mixing water and sediment; they are connected to the layered blowing and filling device through the mud input pipe 13.
  • the construction environment simulation system simulates the ocean through the water tank 31 and is used to simulate wind, wave and current environmental conditions in the open sea.
  • the water tank 31 is used to simulate the construction environment, and a wave machine 32 and a circulating water pump P3 are installed in it;
  • the water tank 31 is a circulating open water tank, the upper layer is a test area, the lower layer is a water circulation area, and the upper and lower layers are isolated.
  • the water circulation area is used to support and protect the test area and ensure the circulation of flowing water.
  • the test area on the upper level is divided into a transition section, a test section and a tailwater section, in which: the wave machine 32 is installed at the front end of the transition section to simulate wave conditions along the length of the water tank; the transition section provides uniformity to the test section.
  • test section is the main functional area of the test; the transition section, tailwater section and lower water circulation area Connected.
  • the circulating water pump P3 is installed in the water circulation area in the lower layer of the water tank, and is used to form a sustainable, cyclic, and capable of simulating ocean currents with flow rates.
  • the layered blowing and filling device includes a blowing and filling machine and a three-dimensional power system.
  • the positioning and movement of the blowing and filling machine in the water tank are controlled by the three-dimensional power system.
  • the blowing and filling equipment includes a transverse transition section pipe 21, a vertical pipe 22, and a transverse pipe 23; the blowing and filling equipment is connected to the mud storage system through the transverse transition section pipe 21 to obtain mud; the blowing and filling equipment
  • the filling machine is connected to the three-dimensional power system through the vertical tube 22; the transverse pipe 23 is the terminal end of the blowing and filling machine, which is parallel to the width of the water tank and has a plurality of pipe sections with outlet openings; the blowing and filling machine passes through its transverse pipe
  • the multiple outlets of the barrel 23 transport mud to the bottom bed of the tank for blowing and filling simulation tests.
  • the three-dimensional power system is designed as a three-dimensional mobile module, which are: a first longitudinal mobile module 24, a second transverse mobile module 25, and a third vertical mobile module 26; wherein, the third vertical mobile module
  • the module 26 carries the blowing and filling equipment to achieve vertical height adjustment in the water tank 31.
  • the second transverse movement module 25 carries the third vertical movement module 26 to achieve transverse width adjustment in the water tank 31.
  • the first longitudinal movement module 24 carries the second transverse movement module 25 to realize displacement adjustment in the length direction of the water tank 31 .
  • the measurement system includes on-site measurement equipment; the on-site measurement equipment includes a flow measurement instrument 41, a flow velocity measurement instrument 42, a first camera 43, a second camera 44, and a probe 45; where the flow measurement instrument 41 is used to display transportation in real time. Mud flow information; among them, the flow velocity measuring instrument 42 moves through a three-dimensional dynamic system to measure the flow velocity at different measuring points; among them, the probe 45 is fixed in the water tank 31 test section through a three-dimensional dynamic system and is used to measure the flow velocity at different measuring points after the test. The thickness of sedimentary sediment.
  • the first camera 43 is fixed on one side of the test section of the water tank 31 through a camera bracket, facing the side wall of the water tank 31 to ensure that the shooting range is the entire test section (including the front view of the water tank test section tape ruler R2 and sedimentation sediment). To take pictures of the front view of the sediment deposited along the length of the flume and along the height of the flume after the blow-fill test.
  • the second camera 44 is fixed above the blowing and filling machine.
  • the camera faces the bottom of the water tank 31 and is used to take top view photos of the sediment deposited after the blowing and filling test along the width and length of the water tank.
  • the shooting position and range are maintained during the shooting process.
  • the pixel size remains unchanged, and the pixel size is set to a uniform size, so that in the later stage, image processing software can be used to process and analyze the front view and top view photos of sedimentation sediment in each working condition, and the water tank test section of the water tank test section is compared with the ruler R2 and the sedimentation sedimentation
  • the proportion of range and height can be used to accurately read the characteristic parameters of blowing and filling such as the diffusion range of sedimentary sediment and the maximum and minimum thickness of sedimentary sediment.
  • a storage box ruler R1 is provided on one side of the storage box 18 to mark the liquid level. Spend.
  • grilles 33 are provided at both entrance and exit ends of the test section to prevent test sediment from contaminating the lower water circulation area.
  • the circulating water pump 33 serves as a water flow power device and can control the flow rate of the external water flow through the solenoid valve 34 .
  • the longitudinal first moving module 24 and the transverse second moving module 25 include rails, sliding blocks with wheels, and power modules.
  • the rails are arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the length direction of the water tank.
  • the sliding block with wheels is engaged with the rail rod, and the power module is installed on the sliding block to drive the overall displacement of the water tank 31 in the length direction;
  • the second transverse movement module 25 is installed on the sliding block along with the first longitudinal movement module.
  • the mobile module 24 is synchronously displaced in the length direction of the water tank 31 .
  • the second transverse moving module 25 includes a rail rod, a sliding block with wheels, and a power module.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the width direction of the water tank 31.
  • the sliding block with wheels and the rail The rod is engaged, and the power module is installed on the sliding block to drive the entire displacement in the width direction of the water tank 31;
  • the vertical third moving module 26 is installed on the sliding block, and the transverse second moving module 25 moves along the water tank 31 Simultaneous displacement in the width direction.
  • the vertical third moving module 26 includes a rail rod, a sliding block with wheels, and a power module.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the vertical direction of the water tank 31.
  • the sliding block with wheels and The rails are engaged, and the power module is installed on the sliding block to drive the entire displacement of the water tank 31 in the vertical direction; the blowing and filling equipment is installed on the sliding block and along with the vertical third moving module 26, the water tank moves in the vertical direction. synchronous displacement.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention is a mobile underwater layered blowing and filling indoor simulation device, which can fully simulate the underwater mobile blowing and filling construction method in the open sea by integrating multiple special subsystems.
  • the system and method of the present invention can diversify the impact of construction environments such as wind waves, currents, and water depth, as well as key construction parameters such as the moving speed of the blowing and filling device, the distance from the bed, the flow rate of the conveyed mud, the concentration of the conveyed mud, and the type of sediment.
  • Adjustment to realize multi-layer repeated mobile construction simulation technology provides an effective means for in-depth research on high-precision layered blowing and filling technology, improving construction efficiency and management quality.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the indoor simulation intelligent test system for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction in Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the mud storage system of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction environment simulation system of Embodiment 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the layered blowing and filling device of Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of each moving module in the three-dimensional power system of the layered blowing and filling device in Embodiment 3;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the control system in the indoor simulation intelligent test system for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction in Embodiment 5;
  • Figure 7 is a flow chart of the indoor simulation test method for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction in Example 6.
  • transverse transition section pipe 22 vertical pipe, 23 transverse pipe, 24 first longitudinal moving module, 25 second horizontal moving module, 26 third vertical moving module, 241 rail rod, 242 sliding block, 243 power module;
  • the mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction indoor simulation device includes a mud storage system, layered blowing and filling device, construction environment simulation system, and measurement system.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the overall structure and scene.
  • a mud storage system used in indoor simulation devices for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction.
  • the mud storage system is an important supporting device for realizing the mobile blowing and filling construction simulation system.
  • Chinese patent application CN107780380A indoor simulated blowing and filling construction test device and test method applied to indoor simulated blowing and filling construction tests, the system consists of: a mud-filled pipe bag, the mud-filled pipe bag has a closed space, so The mud-filling pipe bag is placed in the test tank.
  • the upper surface of the mud-filling pipe bag has a set of blowing and filling pipes.
  • the blowing and filling pipes are connected to the four joints of the shunt device through the slurry transport pipes.
  • the diverting device and the conveying device are connected through connecting pipes.
  • the conveying device includes: a mud storage device, the mud storage device has a tank space, the lower part of the mud storage device has legs, and a discharge valve is installed on the left side of the bottom of the mud storage device.
  • An observation window and a liquid level gauge are respectively installed on the front of the mud storage.
  • a control box is fixed on the outside of the mud storage.
  • a circuit board is installed inside the control box. The outer surface of the control box is equipped with operating buttons and indicators.
  • a mud pump is placed inside the mud storage device, the mud pump is connected to the control box wire, a cover plate is fixed on the upper part of the mud storage device, and a conduit is welded to the cover plate, and the A stop valve is installed in the middle of the conduit, and a feeder is welded to the upper part of the conduit.
  • Chinese patent application CN106592507A is an indoor simulated on-site sand blowing and filling construction device and a blowing and filling method, which is characterized in that it includes a mud storage container, a mixer, a loading machine, and a mud discharge pump.
  • the mud storage system is used to mix water and sediment evenly according to a certain proportion, and then provide a stable mud supply to the layered blowing and filling device through pipelines.
  • the mud storage system includes a storage box 18, a solid collection box 19, and a transportation pipeline.
  • the transportation pipeline includes a water source pipeline 11, a water-sand mixing pipeline 12, a mud input pipeline 13, and a flexible transportation pipeline 14.
  • a water-sand mixing centrifugal pump P1 is provided on the water-sand mixing pipe 12, and a mud input centrifugal pump P2 is provided on the mud input pipe 13;
  • the storage box 18 is used to store and mix sediment and water; the storage box 18:
  • a solid collection box 19 is provided above it to place sediment therein, and the solid collection box 19 is used to store sediment raw materials;
  • a circulation channel is formed by the water and sand mixing pipe 12 and the water and sand mixing centrifugal pump P1.
  • the storage box 18, the water and sand mixing pipe 12 and the water and sand mixing centrifugal pump P1 form a self-circulation system for uniformly mixing water and sediment;
  • the water source pipeline 11 is equipped with a water source pipeline one-way valve F1 to control the on-off and flow of water;
  • the water and sand mixing pipe 12 of the circulation channel is also equipped with a water and sand self-circulating pipe check valve F2 for controlling the flow of the water and sand mixture;
  • the self-circulating system is also equipped with a mud sampling port check valve F3.
  • the mud sampling port 15 is used to collect mud and detect the uniformity of mud mixing;
  • the mud input pipe 13 is equipped with a mud input centrifugal pump P2 to provide power for the input mud, and is equipped with a mud input pipe check valve F4 for regulating the mud input flow;
  • the mud storage system is also provided with a flow measuring instrument 41 .
  • the bottom of the solid collection box 19 is funnel-shaped, with an opening in the center of the bottom and a solid collection box one-way valve F5 that can control the opening area.
  • the water source pipe 11 is fixed on the top of the storage box 18 through a clamp 16, and a water source pipe one-way valve F1 is installed to provide stable and controllable water supply;
  • the storage box 18 is extended from its lower part through the water and sand mixing pipe 12 and then connected to the water and sand mixing centrifugal pump P1, and then connected to the top of the storage box 18 to form a circulation channel; and in the water and sand mixing pipe 12 A mud sampling port 15 is provided through the tee, and a mud sampling port one-way valve F3 is installed to collect mud at any time and detect the uniformity of mud mixing;
  • the mud input pipe 13 is led from the lower part of the storage box 18, and a mud input centrifugal pump P2, a mud input pipe check valve F4, a flow measuring instrument 41, a flexible conveying pipe 14 and a flange 17 are installed in the middle;
  • the flow measuring instrument 41 is used to display mud flow information in real time;
  • the flexible conveying pipe 14 is used to ensure that the layered blowing and filling device will not be disconnected from the mud conveying pipe during movement. It is selected for easy movement, softness and strong elasticity. It is made of PVC steel wire hose with built-in spiral steel wire and has enough length for the layered blowing and filling equipment to move; the flange 17 is used to connect the flexible conveying pipe 14 and the layered blowing and filling device;
  • a storage box ruler R1 is provided on one side of the storage box 18 to mark the liquid level.
  • the self-circulation system replaces the function of the agitator and is more secure and homogeneous.
  • the mud preparation status in the memory can be obtained in real time through the branch of the mud sampling port.
  • a construction environment simulation system applied to the indoor simulation device of mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction is a key device for realizing the simulation of mobile blowing and filling construction.
  • Chinese patent application CN104198365A is an electric wave environment simulation device, which involves an environmental simulation device, including a test chamber, a test bench, a wave pool, a first support platform, a first support base, a motor, a second support base, and a third support base.
  • a test platform is installed on the left side of the test room.
  • a wave pool is installed on the right side of the test room.
  • a first support platform and a second support platform are provided on the upper and lower sides of the wave pool.
  • the electric motor is used to realize the rotation and swing of the wave-making board and quickly simulate the wave splash environment.
  • the structure is simple and the functions are limited.
  • Chinese patent application CN207056586U is a marine climate environment simulation generating device.
  • the rotation of the propeller will drive the movement of sea water, which can provide special ocean climates such as ocean tides and surges, and display the ocean climate more realistically and comprehensively.
  • the blower can simulate atmospheric conditions.
  • the flow can also simulate the hurricane environment, realize the reproduction of the marine environment in the laboratory, and can simulate the real marine environment, but it is not suitable for environments that are strongly related to the marine operations of layered blowing and reclamation construction.
  • the construction environment simulation system simulates the ocean through the water tank 31, and is used to simulate wind and wave current environmental conditions in the open sea.
  • the water tank 31 is used to simulate the construction environment, and a wave machine 32 and a circulating water pump P3 are installed in it;
  • the water tank 31 is a circulating open water tank, which can be designed to be more than 100 meters long, and the upper floor is a test area. (with bottom plate 35), the lower layer is a water circulation area, and the upper and lower layers are isolated.
  • the water circulation area is used to support and protect the test area and ensure the circulation of the flowing water.
  • the test area on the upper level is divided into a transition section, a test section and a tailwater section.
  • the wave machine 32 is installed at the front end of the transition section to simulate wave conditions along the length of the water tank, and can adjust wave height and periodic key waves. elements; the transition section provides uniform and stable water flow conditions for the test section.
  • the test section is the main functional area of the test.
  • the tailwater section is set up to avoid the backflow of the outlet water and affect the test; the transition section and the tailwater section are connected to the lower water circulation area. Pass.
  • the side wall of the test section is made of organic glass or transparent acrylic plate.
  • grilles 33 are provided at both ends of the test section to prevent the test sediment from contaminating the lower layer. water circulation area.
  • a test section ruler R2 is provided on the side wall of the test section along the height direction of the water tank and at the bottom along the length direction of the water tank. That is: there are stickers in both directions, along the height of the sink and along the bottom of the sink along the length of the sink.
  • the circulating water pump P3 is installed in the water circulation area in the lower layer of the water tank, and is used to form a sustainable, cyclic, and capable of simulating ocean currents with flow rates.
  • the circulating water pump 33 serves as a water flow power device and can control the flow rate of the external water flow through the solenoid valve 34 .
  • a layered blowing and filling device used in a mobile underwater layered blowing and filling indoor simulation device.
  • the layered blowing and filling device is the core device for realizing the simulation of mobile blowing and filling construction.
  • CCCC Cianjin
  • Dredging Engineering Co., Ltd. CCCC Tianjin Waterway Bureau Co., Ltd. disclosed a pipeline system for dredging layered blowing and filling (CN209798867U): it belongs to dredging blowing and filling construction equipment and is not used indoors Simulation test.
  • the layered blowing and filling device of the present invention includes a blowing and filling machine tool and a three-dimensional power system.
  • the positioning and movement of the blowing and filling machine tool in the water tank are controlled by the three-dimensional power system.
  • the blowing and filling equipment includes a transverse transition section pipe 21, a vertical tube 22, and a transverse tube 23;
  • the blowing and filling equipment is connected to the mud storage system through the transverse transition section pipe 21 to obtain mud;
  • the blowing and filling equipment is connected to the three-dimensional power system through the vertical tube 22;
  • the transverse tube 23 is the terminal end of the blowing and filling machine, is parallel to the width of the water tank, and has multiple outlets.
  • Pipe section; the blowing and filling equipment transports mud to the bottom bed of the water tank through multiple outlets of its transverse tube 23 for blowing and filling simulation tests.
  • transverse transition section pipe 21 and the flexible conveying pipe 14 are connected through a flange 17 .
  • the three-dimensional power system is designed as a three-dimensional mobile module, which are: a first longitudinal mobile module 24, a second transverse mobile module 25, and a third vertical mobile module 26;
  • the vertical third moving module 26 carries the blowing and filling equipment terminal to realize vertical height adjustment in the water tank 31
  • the horizontal second moving module 25 carries the vertical third moving module 26 to realize vertical height adjustment in the water tank 31.
  • the first longitudinal mobile module 24 carries the second transverse mobile module 25 (also combined with the third mobile module 26 and the blowing and filling machine terminal) to realize the displacement adjustment in the length direction of the water tank 31;
  • the longitudinal first moving module 24 includes a rail rod 241, a sliding block with wheels 242, and a power module 243.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the length direction of the water tank.
  • the sliding block with wheels engages with the rail rod, and the power module 243 is The module (including motor drive, motor and power supply, etc., which is an existing technology) is installed on the sliding block to drive the overall displacement of the water tank 31 in the length direction;
  • the second transverse movement module 25 is installed on the sliding block 242 Along with the synchronous displacement of the longitudinal first moving module 24 in the length direction of the water tank 31;
  • the second transverse movement module 25 includes a rail rod, a sliding block with wheels, and a power module.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the width direction of the water tank 31.
  • the sliding block with wheels engages with the rail rod.
  • the power module (including motor drive, motor and power supply, etc., which are existing technologies) is installed on the sliding block to drive the overall displacement of the water tank 31 in the width direction;
  • the vertical third moving module 26 is installed on the horizontal second moving module 25
  • the sliding block in the slide block is accompanied by the synchronous displacement of the transverse second moving module 25 in the width direction of the water tank 31;
  • the vertical third moving module 26 includes a rail rod, a sliding block with wheels, and a power module.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the vertical direction of the water tank 31.
  • the sliding block with wheels engages with the rail rod, and the power module
  • the group (including motor drive, motor and power supply, etc., which is an existing technology) is installed on the sliding block to drive the overall displacement of the water tank 31 in the vertical direction; the blowing and filling equipment is installed in the vertical third moving module 26
  • the sliding block is accompanied by a synchronous displacement of the vertical third moving module 26 in the vertical direction of the water tank.
  • a mobile The indoor simulation device for underwater layered blowing and filling construction can fully simulate the underwater mobile blowing and filling construction method in the open sea.
  • the mobile underwater layered blowing and filling indoor simulation device includes a mud storage system, a layered blowing and filling device, a construction environment simulation system, and a measurement system.
  • the mud storage system includes a storage box 18, a solid collection box 19, and a transportation pipeline.
  • the transportation pipeline includes a water source pipeline 11, a water-sand mixing pipeline 12, and a mud input pipeline 13; water and sand are provided on the water-sand mixing pipeline 12.
  • a mud input centrifugal pump P2 is provided on the mud input pipe 13; wherein, the storage box 18 is used to store and mix sediment and water; the storage box 18: solid aggregate is arranged above it The box 19 is used to put sediment into it, and the solid collecting box 19 is used to store sediment raw materials; water is supplied to the box through the water source pipe 11; a circulation channel is formed through the water and sand mixing pipe 12 and the water and sand mixing centrifugal pump P1.
  • the storage tank, water-sand mixing pipe 12, and water-sand mixing centrifugal pump P1 form a self-circulating system for uniformly mixing water and sediment; they are connected to the layered blowing and filling device through the mud input pipe 13.
  • the mud storage system is also provided with a flow measuring instrument 41 .
  • a storage box ruler R1 is provided on one side of the storage box 18 to mark the liquid level.
  • the construction environment simulation system simulates the ocean through the water tank 31 and is used to simulate wind, wave and current environmental conditions in the open sea.
  • the water tank 31 is used to simulate the construction environment, and a wave machine 32 and a circulating water pump P3 are installed in it;
  • the water tank 31 is a circulating open water tank, the upper layer is a test area, the lower layer is a water circulation area, and the upper and lower layers are isolated.
  • the water circulation area is used to support and protect the test area and ensure the circulation of flowing water.
  • the test area on the upper level is divided into a transition section, a test section and a tailwater section, in which: the wave machine 32 is installed at the front end of the transition section to simulate wave conditions along the length of the water tank; the transition section provides uniformity to the test section.
  • the test section is the main functional area of the test; the transition section and tailwater section are connected to the lower water circulation area.
  • grilles 33 are provided at both entrance and exit ends of the test section to prevent test sediment from contaminating the lower water circulation area.
  • the circulating water pump P3 is installed in the water circulation area in the lower layer of the water tank, and is used to form a sustainable, cyclic, and capable of simulating ocean currents with flow rates.
  • the circulating water pump 33 serves as a water flow power device and can control the flow rate of the external water flow through the solenoid valve 34 .
  • the layered blowing and filling device includes a blowing and filling machine and a three-dimensional power system.
  • the positioning and movement of the blowing and filling machine in the water tank are controlled by the three-dimensional power system.
  • the blowing and filling equipment includes a transverse transition section pipe 21, a vertical pipe 22, and a transverse pipe 23; the blowing and filling equipment is connected to the mud storage system through the transverse transition section pipe 21 to obtain mud; the blowing and filling equipment
  • the filling machine passes through the vertical tube 22 and the three-dimensional power system Connection;
  • the transverse tube 23 is the terminal end of the blowing and filling equipment, which is parallel to the width of the water tank and has a plurality of outlet openings; the blowing and filling equipment transports mud to the water tank through the multiple outlets of its transverse tube 23
  • the bottom bed is subjected to blowing and filling simulation tests.
  • the three-dimensional power system is designed as a three-dimensional mobile module, which are: a first longitudinal mobile module 24, a second transverse mobile module 25, and a third vertical mobile module 26; wherein, the third vertical mobile module
  • the module 26 carries the blowing and filling equipment to achieve vertical height adjustment in the water tank 31.
  • the second transverse movement module 25 carries the third vertical movement module 26 to achieve transverse width adjustment in the water tank 31.
  • the first longitudinal movement module 24 carries the second transverse movement module 25 to realize displacement adjustment in the length direction of the water tank 31;
  • the longitudinal first moving module 24 includes a rail rod, a sliding block with wheels, and a power module.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the length direction of the water tank.
  • the sliding block with wheels engages with the rail rod.
  • the power module is installed It is used on the sliding block to drive the overall displacement of the water tank 31 in the length direction;
  • the transverse second moving module 25 is installed on the sliding block to accompany the longitudinal first moving module 24 in the synchronous displacement of the water tank 31 in the length direction;
  • the second transverse moving module 25 includes a rail rod, a sliding block with wheels, and a power module.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the width direction of the water tank 31.
  • the sliding block with wheels and the rail The rod is engaged, and the power module is installed on the sliding block to drive the entire displacement in the width direction of the water tank 31;
  • the vertical third moving module 26 is installed on the sliding block, and the transverse second moving module 25 moves along the water tank 31 Synchronous displacement in the width direction;
  • the vertical third moving module 26 includes a rail rod, a sliding block with wheels, and a power module.
  • the rail rod is arranged on the upper part of the water tank along the vertical direction of the water tank 31.
  • the sliding block with wheels engages with the rail rod, and the power module
  • the group is installed on the sliding block to drive the overall displacement of the water tank 31 in the vertical direction; the blowing and filling equipment is installed on the sliding block to synchronously move the vertical third movement module 26 in the water tank in the vertical direction.
  • the measurement system includes on-site measurement equipment; the on-site measurement equipment includes a flow measurement instrument 41 , a flow velocity measurement instrument 42 , a first camera 43 , a second camera 44 and a probe 45 .
  • the flow measuring instrument 41 is used to display the transportation mud flow information in real time.
  • the flow velocity measuring instrument 42 moves through a three-dimensional dynamic system to measure the flow velocity at different measuring points.
  • the first camera 43 is fixed on the side of the test section of the water tank 31 through the camera bracket, and is facing the side wall of the water tank 31 to ensure that the shooting range is the entire test section (including the front view of the water tank test section ruler R2 and sedimentation sediment). To take pictures of the front view of the sediment deposited along the length of the flume and along the height of the flume after the blow-fill test. photo;
  • the second camera 44 is fixed above the blowing and filling machine.
  • the camera is facing the bottom of the water tank 31. It is used to take top view photos of the sediment deposited after the blowing and filling test along the width and length of the water tank.
  • the shooting position and range are maintained during the shooting process.
  • the pixel size is set to a uniform size, so that image processing software (such as Get Data software, etc.) can be used later to process and analyze the front view and top view photos of sedimentation in each working condition, and the flume test section can be compared by comparing the pictures.
  • the ratio of the ruler R2 to the range and height of sedimentary sediment can be used to accurately read the characteristic parameters of blowing and filling such as the diffusion range of sedimentary sediment and the maximum and minimum thickness of sedimentary sediment.
  • the probe 45 is fixed in the test section of the water tank 31 through a three-dimensional dynamic system, and is used to measure the sediment thickness at different measuring points after the test.
  • Embodiment 1 is further configured with a control system installed in the control cabinet 5 (shown in Figure 1) and an accompanying intelligent measurement system, thereby constructing
  • the invention is an indoor simulation intelligent test system for mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction, which can fully simulate the underwater mobile blowing and filling construction method in the open sea.
  • the control system includes an input module, a control module and an execution module (shown in Figure 6); the measurement system, combined with on-site measurement equipment and the input module and calculation module of the control system, is used to obtain the test delivery mud concentration and delivery flow rate. , water depth, height of the blowing and filling machine from the bottom bed, external water flow velocity, wave height and wave period, moving speed of the blowing and filling machine and other key test parameters.
  • the input module includes three parts: mud mixing parameters, construction environment simulation parameters and layered blowing and filling simulation parameters.
  • the initial values of each parameter need to be set before the test, which is the target data during the test process.
  • each parameter is input through the system human-machine interface.
  • the mud mixing parameters include water quality Mw0 and sediment quality Ms0 ;
  • the construction environment simulation parameters include water tank depth h 0 , water flow velocity v 0 , wave height H w0 and wave period T w0 ;
  • the layered blowing and filling simulation parameters include the input mud concentration C m0 , the input mud flow Q 0 , the initial position of the layered blowing and filling equipment (X 0 , Y 0 , Z 0 ), and the moving direction of the layered blowing and filling equipment (D x0 , D y0 , D z0 ), layered blowing and filling machine moving speed (V x0 , V y0 , V z0 ), layered blowing and filling machine moving distance (S x0 , S y0 , S z0 ), layered blowing and filling machine distance from bed Bottom distance H b0 .
  • control module is divided into a computing module and a management module
  • the calculation module includes the calculation of mud mixing parameters and layered blowing and filling machine position parameters, which are used to provide the management module; where the mud mixing parameters refer to the mud parameters mixed with water and sediment, represented by the mud concentration C m ,
  • C m represents the mud concentration
  • Ms represents the sediment mass
  • M w represents the water quality
  • the management module includes four management modules: a mud mixing management module, a construction environment simulation module, a layered blowing and filling simulation module, and a key parameter measurement module. They are respectively responsible for the management of the mud storage system, construction environment simulation, and layered blowing and filling simulation devices. Management, as well as analyzing the key test parameters of the measurement system and organizing and outputting experimental data charts and scientific research results. in,
  • the mud mixing management module manages the concentration and mixing uniformity of water and sediment in the mud storage system.
  • Ms 0 represents the initial sediment quality
  • M w0 represents For the initial water quality, mix the water and sediment evenly according to the proportion, obtain a specific volume V of mud from the mud sampling port, and measure the sampled mud mass M, then the mud concentration C m conversion formula is:
  • C m represents the mud concentration
  • ⁇ s represents the sediment density
  • ⁇ w represents the water density
  • M represents the sampled mud mass
  • V represents the mud volume.
  • ⁇ M s represents the newly added sediment mass to achieve the mud concentration change target C m '
  • C m ' represents the changed mud concentration
  • Ms 0 represents the initial sediment mass
  • M w0 represents the initial water quality
  • ⁇ M w Indicates the additional water mass required to achieve the mud concentration change target.
  • the management of the uniformity of mud mixing is to judge the uniformity of mud mixing by taking three samples and comparing the mud quality errors sampled at the same time. If the three mud quality errors do not exceed 5%, the mixing is considered to be uniform. If it exceeds 5%, it is necessary to continue the self-circulation of water and sediment through the centrifugal pump until the uniformity of the sampled mud meets the requirements, and then the mud can be supplied to the layered blowing and filling device for simulation Blow filling.
  • the construction environment simulation module manages and adjusts the status of the water tank circulating water pump P3, the solenoid valve 34, and the working status of the wave generator to meet the setting requirements of the test environment.
  • the layered blowing and filling simulation management module controls and manages the power module in the three-dimensional power system according to the input mud flow and the position, movement speed, direction and distance setting of the layered blowing and filling equipment.
  • the layered blowing and filling simulation management module adjusts the flow rate by regulating the opening of the mud input one-way valve F4, and determines whether the set input is reached by monitoring the data from the flow measuring instrument 16 installed in the mud input pipe. Mud flow Q 0 . If the monitored flow Q is less than Q 0 , the opening n of the mud input check valve F4 needs to be increased. If the monitored flow Q is greater than Q 0 , the opening n of the mud input check valve F4 needs to be decreased.
  • the conversion relationship between the two is as follows:
  • Q 0 represents the initial input mud flow
  • n 0 represents the opening corresponding to the initial input mud flow Q 0 (n 0 changes in the range of 0 to 1, 0 represents no flow, and 1 represents the maximum flow);
  • Q represents the test process.
  • n represents the solenoid valve opening corresponding to the input mud flow Q.
  • the moving speed (V x , V y , V z ) and distance (S x , Sy , S ) of the layered blowing and filling equipment of the three-dimensional power system can be obtained in real time through the input module and the calculation module z ) and direction (D x , D y , D z ) to control the movement of the layered blowing and filling equipment at different speeds, distances and directions, so as to achieve the target position (X 1 , Y 1 , Z 1 ):
  • the key parameter measurement management module includes the management of three key blow-fill characteristic parameters such as mud flow, flow rate at water flow measurement points, and thickness of blow-fill sediment with different characteristics and blow-fill range.
  • the flow rate of the input mud is measured in real time through the flow measuring instrument 41 .
  • the flow velocity of the water flow measurement point is realized by controlling the flow velocity measuring instrument 42 to measure at different water depths at different measurement points.
  • the blowing characteristic parameters they are measured by controlling the first camera, the second camera and the probe.
  • the measurement system combined with on-site measurement equipment and the input module and calculation module of the control system, is used to obtain the concentration of the test conveying mud, the conveying flow rate, the water depth, and the distance between the blowing and filling equipment and the bottom.
  • Key test parameters include bed height, external water flow velocity, wave height and wave period, and moving speed of blowing and filling equipment.
  • the on-site measurement equipment includes a flow measuring instrument 41 , a flow velocity measuring instrument 42 , a first camera 43 , a second camera 44 and a probe 45 .
  • the flow measuring instrument 41 is used to display the transportation mud flow information in real time.
  • the flow velocity measuring instrument 42 moves through a three-dimensional dynamic system to measure the flow velocity at different measuring points.
  • the first camera 43 is fixed on the side of the test section of the water tank 31 through the camera bracket, and is facing the side wall of the water tank 31 to ensure that the shooting range is the entire test section (including the front view of the water tank test section ruler R2 and sedimentation sediment). To take pictures of the front view of the sediment deposited along the length of the flume and along the height of the flume after the blow-fill test;
  • the second camera 44 is fixed above the blowing and filling machine.
  • the camera is facing the bottom of the water tank 31. It is used to take top view photos of the sediment deposited after the blowing and filling test along the width and length of the water tank.
  • the shooting position and range are maintained during the shooting process.
  • the pixel size is set to a uniform size, so that image processing software (such as Get Data software, etc.) can be used later to process and analyze the front view and top view photos of sedimentation in each working condition, and the flume test section can be compared by comparing the pictures.
  • the ratio of the ruler R2 to the range and height of sedimentary sediment can be used to accurately read the characteristic parameters of blowing and filling such as the diffusion range of sedimentary sediment and the maximum and minimum thickness of sedimentary sediment.
  • the probe 45 is fixed in the test section of the water tank 31 through a three-dimensional dynamic system, and is used to measure the sediment thickness at different measuring points after the test.
  • Design key test parameters through the input module Based on the principles of gravity similarity, geometric similarity and dynamic similarity, design and determine the test conveying mud concentration, conveying flow rate, water depth, height of the blowing and filling equipment from the bottom bed, external water flow velocity, wave height and wave period , the initial position and moving speed of the blowing and filling machine and other key test parameters.
  • the flow rate is the set flow rate.
  • the flow velocity measuring instrument 42 is controlled to measure the flow velocity at a specific water depth at a specific measuring point to measure changes in the flow field.
  • the length scale of the application example test is 1:10.
  • the test design parameters and prototype parameters are shown in Table 1.
  • the sampled mud concentration is basically consistent with the design concentration of 20%, the mud is considered to be evenly mixed at this time, otherwise the sediment and water will be adjusted for further mixing.
  • the sampling is completed, immediately close the one-way valve F3 of the mud sampling port, and simultaneously open the one-way valve F2 of the water and sand self-circulation pipe, and keep the mud continuously circulating during the test process to ensure that the input mud of the layered blowing and filling machine is always Mix the mud well.
  • the blowing and filling equipment moves to the end position of the set movement distance, turn off the mud input centrifugal pump P2, and reset the moving speed, direction and distance of the three-dimensional power system so that the blowing and filling equipment does not disturb the deposited sediment.
  • the three-dimensional power system of the installed blowing and filling equipment is used to control the movement of the blowing and filling equipment to the initial position as quickly as possible.
  • a dedicated person is required to assist the steel wire hose conveying pipeline to move synchronously and ensure that the connection is not disconnected.
  • Steps 2)-(7) can realize the indoor simulation test of mobile underwater layered blowing and filling construction with diversified adjustments.
  • simulation devices and test methods can simulate the wind and wave flow construction environment indoors while ensuring the uniform mixing of mud and mobile layered blowing and filling, providing scientific means for in-depth research on precise blowing and filling.

Abstract

本发明属于吹填施工室内模拟试验领域。一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置，其特征是，包括泥浆存储系统、分层吹填装置、施工环境模拟系统、测量系统。本发明一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置，通过集成多个特制的子系统，能够充分模拟开敞海域进行水下移动式吹填施工方式。

Description

一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置 技术领域
本发明属于吹填施工室内模拟试验领域。
背景技术
随着疏浚吹填工程的快速发展，对疏浚吹填工程建设条件的需求和限制不断增大，目前国内常用的直接吹填施工方法因不考虑吹填土质差异、且较为粗犷地自定点吹填再逐步推进会导致回填平整度差、后续地基处理困难的缺陷，无法满足对吹填施工精细化控制、高效率以及环保疏浚的要求。分层吹填施工方法针对上述缺陷，按照工程吹填要求和砂源特性，设计每层摊铺厚度，并利用配置的分层吹填装置进行精确控制，以达到将吹填材料逐层精确铺设到水底预定施工位置的目标。但该方法因施工工艺复杂目前仅限于应用在具备良好施工条件的工程中，对于大水深、受风浪影响等水文气象环境条件复杂的开敞海域，现有吹填施工经验和技术不足以满足此条件下分层吹填施工精细化控制的要求。如何控制并实现高精度分层吹填施工仍需要进一步地系统性研究。本发明专利提供的一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置及试验方法，能够准确模拟实际移动式分层吹填施工方式及效果，可操作性强，且具有多元化调整，为深入研究高精度分层吹填技术、提升施工效率和管理质量提供有效手段。
通过对现有室内模拟吹填技术的检索发现，针对受风浪流等水文气象环境影响的开敞海域水下移动式吹填施工工艺研究需求，现有的吹填施工模拟试验装置和试验方法普遍具有定向定点吹填、无法模拟风浪流施工环境、输送泥浆混合均匀性无法得到有效保障等缺陷，不能满足对于移动式分层吹填精细化控制模拟的要求。
发明内容
本发明目的，公开了移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置包括泥浆存储系统、分层吹填装置、施工环境模拟系统的设计技术方案，以分别配套构建一种移 动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置。
进一步的，本发明目的，提出一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置，能够充分模拟实际移动式分层吹填施工方式。
进一步的，本发明目的，提出一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内智能模拟试验系统。
进一步的，本发明目的，提出一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内智能模拟试验方法。本发明能够充分模拟实际移动式分层吹填施工方式，可以对风浪、流、水深等施工环境因素以及吹填装置移动速度、距离底床间距、输送泥浆流量、输送泥浆浓度、泥沙种类等关键施工参数进行多元化调整，为深入研究高精度分层吹填技术、提升施工效率和管理质量提供有效手段。
为实现上述目的，本发明技术方案如下：
实施例4技术方案
一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置，其特征是，包括泥浆存储系统、分层吹填装置、施工环境模拟系统、测量系统。
所述泥浆存储系统包括存储箱18、固体集料箱19、输送管道，其中所述输送管道包括水源管道11、水沙混合管道12、泥浆输入管道13；在水沙混合管道12上设置水沙混合离心泵P1，在所述泥浆输入管道13上设置泥浆输入离心泵P2；其中，所述存储箱18用来存放和混合泥沙及水；所述存储箱18：通过其上方设置固体集料箱19为其投放泥沙，所述固体集料箱19用来存放泥沙原料；通过水源管道11向箱内供水；通过水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1形成循环通道，所述存储箱、水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1构成自循环系统，用于将水和泥沙混合均匀；通过泥浆输入管道13与所述分层吹填装置连通。
所述施工环境模拟系统，通过水槽31模拟海洋，用来实现开敞海域的风浪流环境条件模拟。所述水槽31用于模拟施工环境，其内安装有造波机32、循环水泵P3；所述水槽31为循环开放水槽，上层为试验区，下层为水体循环区，上下两层隔离，所述水体循环区用于支持和保障试验区，保证流动水体的可循环。在上层的试验区：分为过渡段、试验段和尾水段，其中：在过渡段前端安装所述造波机32，用于模拟沿水槽长度方向的波浪条件；过渡段为试验段提供均匀稳定的水流条件，试验段为试验主功能区域；过渡段、尾水段与下层的水体循环区 接通。所述循环水泵P3，设置于水槽下层的水体循环区内，用于形成可持续的，可循环的，能模拟出带有流速的海洋水流。
所述分层吹填装置包括吹填机具、三维动力体系，所述吹填机具在水槽中的定位和移动受控于所述三维动力体系。所述吹填机具包括横向过渡段管道21、竖向管筒22、横向管筒23；所述吹填机具通过所述横向过渡段管道21与所述泥浆存储系统连接从而获得泥浆；所述吹填机具通过竖向管筒22与三维动力体系连接；所述横向管筒23为吹填机具的终端，与水槽宽度平行，具有多个出流口的管段；所述吹填机具通过其横向管筒23的多个出流口输送泥浆到水槽底床进行吹填模拟试验。
所述三维动力体系，设计为三维移动模组，分别为：纵向第一移动模组24、横向第二移动模组25、垂向第三移动模组26；其中，所述垂向第三移动模组26携带吹填机具实现在水槽31中垂向高度调节，所述横向第二移动模组25携带垂向第三移动模组26实现在水槽31中横向宽度调节，纵向第一移动模组24携带横向第二移动模组25实现在水槽31中长度方向的位移调节。
所述测量系统包括现场测量设备；所述现场测量设备包括流量测量仪器41、流速测量仪器42、第一相机43、第二相机44和探针45；其中，流量测量仪器41用于实时显示输送泥浆流量信息；其中，流速测量仪器42通过三维动力体系进行移动来实现测量不同测点流速；其中，探针45通过三维动力体系固定在水槽31试验段，用于试验结束后测量不同测点的沉积泥沙厚度。
所述第一相机43通过相机支架固定在水槽31试验段一侧，其正对水槽31侧壁，保证拍摄范围是整个试验段(包括水槽试验段贴尺R2、沉积泥沙正视图)，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽长度方向和沿水槽高度方向的正视图照片。
所述第二相机44固定在吹填机具的上方，相机正对水槽31底部，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽宽度和水槽长度方向的俯视图照片，拍摄过程中保持拍摄位置和范围不变，像素大小设置为统一大小，这样后期就可以利用图片处理软件对每个工况的沉积泥沙正视图和俯视图照片进行处理分析，通过对比图片的水槽试验段贴尺R2和沉积泥沙范围、高度的比例，来精准读取沉积泥沙的扩散范围、沉积泥沙最大和最小厚度等吹填特征参数。
作为实施例，所述存储箱18的一侧设置有存储箱贴尺R1，用来标记液面高 度。
作为实施例，在试验段的出入两端处设置格栅33，防止试验泥沙污染下层的水体循环区。
作为实施例，所述循环水泵33作为水流动力设备，可通过电磁阀34来控制外界水流流速大小。
基于相同的结构设计，所述纵向第一移动模组24、横向第二移动模组25、包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽长度方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在长度方向的位移；横向第二移动模组25安装于所述滑动块上随同纵向第一移动模组24在水槽31在长度方向的同步位移。
基于相同的结构设计，其中，横向第二移动模组25包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽31宽度方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在宽度方向的位移；垂向第三移动模组26安装于所述滑动块上随同横向第二移动模组25在水槽31在宽度方向的同步位移。
基于相同的结构设计，其中，垂向第三移动模组26包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽31垂直方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在垂直方向上的位移；吹填机具安装于所述滑动块上随同垂向第三移动模组26在水槽在垂直方向的同步位移。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置，通过集成多个特制的子系统，能够充分模拟开敞海域进行水下移动式吹填施工方式。
进一步的，本发明系统和方法可以进行对风浪、流、水深等施工环境影响以及吹填装置移动速度、距离底床间距、输送泥浆流量、输送泥浆浓度、泥沙种类等关键施工参数进行多元化调整，实现多层反复移动式施工模拟技术，为深入研究高精度分层吹填技术、提升施工效率和管理质量提供有效手段。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例4移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟智能试验系统示意图；
图2为实施例1的泥浆存储系统示意图；
图3为实施例2的施工环境模拟系统示意图；
图4为实施例3的分层吹填装置示意图；
图5为实施例3的分层吹填装置中三维动力体系中各移动模组示意图；
图6为实施例5的移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟智能试验系统中控制系统示意图；
图7为实施例6的移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟试验方法流程图。
标记说明：
1泥浆存储系统，2分层吹填装置，3施工环境模拟系统；
11水源管道，12水沙混合管道，13泥浆输入管道，14柔性输送管道，15泥浆取样口，16卡箍，17法兰；18存储箱，19固体集料箱；
21横向过渡段管道，22竖向管筒，23横向管筒，24纵向第一移动模组，25横向第二移动模组，26垂向第三移动模组，241轨杆，242滑动块，243动力模组；
31水槽，32造波机，33格栅，34电磁阀，35底板；
41流量测量仪器，42流速测量仪器，43第一相机，44第二相机，45探针。
具体实施方式
下面结合多个实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。
如图1所示，移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置包括泥浆存储系统、分层吹填装置、施工环境模拟系统、测量系统。图1示意出了整体构造和场景。
实施例1
一种应用于移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置的泥浆存储系统。
本发明中，所述泥浆存储系统是实现移动式吹填施工模拟系统的重要配套装置。
现有技术中，中国专利申请CN107780380A室内模拟吹填施工试验装置及试验方法：应用于室内模拟吹填施工试验，系统组成包括：充泥管袋，所述的充泥管袋具有封闭空间，所述的充泥管袋放置在试验槽内，所述的充泥管袋上表面具有一组吹填接管，所述的吹填接管通过输浆管分别与分流装置四个接头连接，所述的分流装置与输送装置通过连接管连接。所述的输送装置包括：储泥器，所述的储泥器具有罐体空间，所述的储泥器下部具有支腿，所述的储泥器底部左侧安装有排放阀，所述的储泥器正面分别安装有观察窗口和液位计，所述的储泥器外部固定有控制箱，所述的控制箱内部装有电路板，所述的控制箱外表面装有操作按钮和指示灯，所述的储泥器内部放置有泥浆泵，所述的泥浆泵与控制箱导线连接，所述的储泥器上部固定有盖板，所述的盖板上焊接有导管，所述的导管中间安装有截止阀，所述的导管上部焊接有送料器。
中国专利申请CN106592507A一种室内模拟现场砂土吹填建筑装置及吹填方法，其特征在于：它包括泥浆存储容器、搅拌机、上料机、排泥水泵。
上述现有技术，储泥器设备设计都很简单，无法为本发明移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置所述泥浆存储系统配套，以保障水和泥沙混合匀质，供应稳定，安全可靠，也无法适应系统试验需求，无法按需控制泥浆的流量和供应。
本发明中，所述泥浆存储系统，用来将水和泥沙按照一定比例混合均匀后，通过管路为分层吹填装置提供稳定的泥浆供应。
如图2所示，所述泥浆存储系统包括存储箱18、固体集料箱19、输送管道，其中所述输送管道包括水源管道11、水沙混合管道12、泥浆输入管道13、柔性输送管道14；在水沙混合管道12上设置水沙混合离心泵P1，在所述泥浆输入管道13上设置泥浆输入离心泵P2；
其中，所述存储箱18用来存放和混合泥沙及水；所述存储箱18：
通过其上方设置固体集料箱19为其投放泥沙，所述固体集料箱19用来存放泥沙原料；
通过水源管道11向箱内供水；
通过水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1形成循环通道，所述存储箱18、水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1构成自循环系统，用于将水和泥沙混合均匀；
通过泥浆输入管道13并经由柔性输送管道14与所述分层吹填装置连通；
进一步的，所述水源管道11安装有水源管道单向阀门F1，用来控制水的通断和流量；
进一步的，所述循环通道的水沙混合管道12还安装有水沙自循环管道单向阀F2，用于控制水沙混合物流量；所述自循环系统还设置有安装泥浆取样口单向阀F3的泥浆取样口15，用于采集泥浆并检测泥浆混合均匀程度；
进一步的，所述泥浆输入管道13安装有泥浆输入离心泵P2用于为输入泥浆提供动力，并安装有泥浆输入管道单向阀F4用于调控泥浆输入流量；
进一步的，所述泥浆存储系统还设置有流量测量仪器41。
作为实施例，所述固体集料箱19的箱底部呈漏斗状，其箱底中心开口并安装可控制开孔面积的固体集料箱单向阀F5。
作为实施例，水源管道11通过卡箍16固定于存储箱18顶部，并安装有水源管道单向阀门F1，用于提供稳定且可控的供水；
作为实施例，所述存储箱18通过水沙混合管道12从其下部伸出后连接所述水沙混合离心泵P1，再连接至存储箱18顶部形成循环通道；并在水沙混合管道12中通过三通设置有泥浆取样口15，并安装有泥浆取样口单向阀F3，用来随时采集泥浆，检测泥浆混合均匀程度；
作为实施例，所述泥浆输入管道13从存储箱18下部引出，中间依次安装泥浆输入离心泵P2、泥浆输入管道单向阀F4、流量测量仪器41、柔性输送管道14和法兰17；所述流量测量仪器41用于实时显示泥浆流量信息；所述柔性输送管道14用于保证所述分层吹填装置在移动过程中不会与输送泥浆管道断开，选择便于移动、柔软、伸缩性强的内置螺旋钢丝的PVC钢丝软管材质并留有足够分层吹填机具移动的长度；所述法兰17用于将柔性输送管道14和所述分层吹填装置连接；
作为实施例，所述存储箱18的一侧设置有存储箱贴尺R1，用来标记液面高度。
本实施例中自循环系统，替代了搅拌器功能，更有安全保障，更加匀质，实时可以通过泥浆取样口分支获得存储器中的泥浆备料情况。
实施例2
一种应用于移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置的施工环境模拟系统。本发明中，所述施工环境模拟系统是实现移动式吹填施工模拟的关键装置。
现有技术中，中国专利申请CN104198365A一种电动海浪环境模拟装置，涉及环境模拟装置，包括测试室、测试台、海浪池、第一支撑台、第一支撑座、电动机、第二支撑座、第二支撑台、造浪板、板轴，所述的测试室内的左边安装测试台，所述的测试室内的右边设置海浪池，所述的海浪池上下两边分别设置第一支撑台和第二支撑台。利用电动机，实现造浪板旋转摆动，快速实现海浪飞溅环境模拟，结构简单，功能局限。
中国专利申请CN207056586U一种海洋气候环境模拟发生装置，其中螺旋桨转动起来会带动海水运动，可以提供海洋潮汐、浪涌等海洋特殊气候，更真实和全面的展示海洋气候，鼓风机吹动可以模拟大气的流动，而且还可以模拟出飓风的环境，实现了实验室内海洋环境的再现，能够模拟海洋真实环境，但不适用于与分层吹填施工海洋作业强相关的环境。
无法配套适用于本发明移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置的施工环境模拟系统，无法形成开敞海域的风浪流环境条件模拟。
本发明中，所述施工环境模拟系统，通过水槽31模拟海洋，用来实现开敞海域的风浪流环境条件模拟。
如图3所示，所述水槽31用于模拟施工环境，其内安装有造波机32、循环水泵P3；所述水槽31为循环开放水槽，可以设计成长一百多米，上层为试验区(带有底板35)，下层为水体循环区，上下两层隔离，所述水体循环区用于支持和保障试验区，保证流动水体的可循环。
在上层的试验区：分为过渡段、试验段和尾水段，其中：在过渡段前端安装所述造波机32，用于模拟沿水槽长度方向的波浪条件，可调节波高、周期关键波浪要素；过渡段为试验段提供均匀稳定的水流条件，试验段为试验主功能区域，尾水段的设置是为了避免出口水流回流从而影响试验；过渡段、尾水段与下层的水体循环区接通。
作为实施例，试验段侧壁选用有机玻璃或透明亚克力板材质制作。
作为实施例，在试验段的出入两端处设置格栅33，防止试验泥沙污染下层 的水体循环区。
作为实施例，在试验段的侧壁沿水槽高度方向和底部沿水槽长度方向设置有试验段贴尺R2。即：在两个方向均有贴尺，沿水槽高度方向及水槽底部沿着水槽长度方向。
所述循环水泵P3，设置于水槽下层的水体循环区内，用于形成可持续的，可循环的，能模拟出带有流速的海洋水流。
作为实施例，所述循环水泵33作为水流动力设备，可通过电磁阀34来控制外界水流流速大小。
实施例3
一种应用于移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置的分层吹填装置。
本发明中，所述分层吹填装置是实现移动式吹填施工模拟的核心装置。
现有技术，中交(天津)疏浚工程有限公司中交天津航道局有限公司公开的一种用于疏浚分层吹填的管路系统(CN209798867U)：属于疏浚吹填施工设备，不是应用于室内模拟试验。
接近现有技术，中国专利申请CN107780380A：室内模拟吹填施工试验装置及实验方法。目前传统室内吹填试验装置，仅简单进行排水之后的研究，而未考虑实际水在吹填过程中横向径流和渗透的自然状态，且为保证试验的可操作性，而忽略了模型结构尺寸及试验方式对试验结果的影响，难以确保真实的施工状态。但该发明申请中，在充泥管袋上表面具有一组吹填接管，吹填接管按四角布置，吹填接管具有外螺纹，吹填接管通过输浆管分别与分流装置四个接头连接，所述的分流装置与输送装置通过连接管连接。该装置的移动性、灵活性极为有限。
如图4所示，本发明所述分层吹填装置包括吹填机具、三维动力体系，所述吹填机具在水槽中的定位和移动受控于所述三维动力体系。
所述吹填机具包括横向过渡段管道21、竖向管筒22、横向管筒23；
所述吹填机具通过所述横向过渡段管道21与所述泥浆存储系统连接从而获得泥浆；
所述吹填机具通过竖向管筒22与三维动力体系连接；
所述横向管筒23为吹填机具的终端，与水槽宽度平行，具有多个出流口的 管段；所述吹填机具通过其横向管筒23的多个出流口输送泥浆到水槽底床进行吹填模拟试验。
作为实施例，所述横向过渡段管道21与柔性输送管道14之间通过法兰17连接。
如图5所示，所述三维动力体系，设计为三维移动模组，分别为：纵向第一移动模组24、横向第二移动模组25、垂向第三移动模组26；
其中，所述垂向第三移动模组26携带吹填机具终端实现在水槽31中垂向高度调节，所述横向第二移动模组25携带垂向第三移动模组26实现在水槽31中横向宽度调节，纵向第一移动模组24携带横向第二移动模组25(同时结合第三移动模组26、吹填机具终端)实现在水槽31中长度方向的位移调节；
其中，纵向第一移动模组24包括轨杆241、带有轮子的滑动块242、动力模组243，轨杆沿水槽长度方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组(包括电机驱动、电机和电源等，为现有技术)安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在长度方向的位移；横向第二移动模组25安装于所述滑动块242上随同纵向第一移动模组24在水槽31在长度方向的同步位移；
设计思路参照上述纵向第一移动模组24：
其中，横向第二移动模组25包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽31宽度方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组(包括电机驱动、电机和电源等，为现有技术)安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在宽度方向的位移；垂向第三移动模组26安装于横向第二移动模组25中的滑动块上随同横向第二移动模组25在水槽31在宽度方向的同步位移；
其中，垂向第三移动模组26包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽31垂直方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组(包括电机驱动、电机和电源等，为现有技术)安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在垂直方向上的位移；吹填机具安装于垂向第三移动模组26中的滑动块上随同垂向第三移动模组26在水槽在垂直方向的同步位移。
实施例4
基于实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、测量系统，构建了本发明一种移动式 水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置，能够充分模拟开敞海域进行水下移动式吹填施工方式。
移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置包括泥浆存储系统、分层吹填装置、施工环境模拟系统、测量系统。
所述泥浆存储系统包括存储箱18、固体集料箱19、输送管道，其中所述输送管道包括水源管道11、水沙混合管道12、泥浆输入管道13；在水沙混合管道12上设置水沙混合离心泵P1，在所述泥浆输入管道13上设置泥浆输入离心泵P2；其中，所述存储箱18用来存放和混合泥沙及水；所述存储箱18：通过其上方设置固体集料箱19为其投放泥沙，所述固体集料箱19用来存放泥沙原料；通过水源管道11向箱内供水；通过水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1形成循环通道，所述存储箱、水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1构成自循环系统，用于将水和泥沙混合均匀；通过泥浆输入管道13与所述分层吹填装置连通。进一步的，所述泥浆存储系统还设置有流量测量仪器41。作为实施例，所述存储箱18的一侧设置有存储箱贴尺R1，用来标记液面高度。
所述施工环境模拟系统，通过水槽31模拟海洋，用来实现开敞海域的风浪流环境条件模拟。所述水槽31用于模拟施工环境，其内安装有造波机32、循环水泵P3；所述水槽31为循环开放水槽，上层为试验区，下层为水体循环区，上下两层隔离，所述水体循环区用于支持和保障试验区，保证流动水体的可循环。在上层的试验区：分为过渡段、试验段和尾水段，其中：在过渡段前端安装所述造波机32，用于模拟沿水槽长度方向的波浪条件；过渡段为试验段提供均匀稳定的水流条件，试验段为试验主功能区域；过渡段、尾水段与下层的水体循环区接通。作为实施例，在试验段的出入两端处设置格栅33，防止试验泥沙污染下层的水体循环区。所述循环水泵P3，设置于水槽下层的水体循环区内，用于形成可持续的，可循环的，能模拟出带有流速的海洋水流。作为实施例，所述循环水泵33作为水流动力设备，可通过电磁阀34来控制外界水流流速大小。
所述分层吹填装置包括吹填机具、三维动力体系，所述吹填机具在水槽中的定位和移动受控于所述三维动力体系。所述吹填机具包括横向过渡段管道21、竖向管筒22、横向管筒23；所述吹填机具通过所述横向过渡段管道21与所述泥浆存储系统连接从而获得泥浆；所述吹填机具通过竖向管筒22与三维动力体系 连接；所述横向管筒23为吹填机具的终端，与水槽宽度平行，具有多个出流口的管段；所述吹填机具通过其横向管筒23的多个出流口输送泥浆到水槽底床进行吹填模拟试验。
所述三维动力体系，设计为三维移动模组，分别为：纵向第一移动模组24、横向第二移动模组25、垂向第三移动模组26；其中，所述垂向第三移动模组26携带吹填机具实现在水槽31中垂向高度调节，所述横向第二移动模组25携带垂向第三移动模组26实现在水槽31中横向宽度调节，纵向第一移动模组24携带横向第二移动模组25实现在水槽31中长度方向的位移调节；
其中，纵向第一移动模组24包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽长度方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在长度方向的位移；横向第二移动模组25安装于所述滑动块上随同纵向第一移动模组24在水槽31在长度方向的同步位移；
基于相同的结构设计，其中，横向第二移动模组25包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽31宽度方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在宽度方向的位移；垂向第三移动模组26安装于所述滑动块上随同横向第二移动模组25在水槽31在宽度方向的同步位移；
其中，垂向第三移动模组26包括轨杆、带有轮子的滑动块、动力模组，轨杆沿水槽31垂直方向布设在水槽上部，带有轮子的滑动块与轨杆咬合，动力模组安装于滑动块上用于驱动整体在水槽31在垂直方向上的位移；吹填机具安装于所述滑动块上随同垂向第三移动模组26在水槽在垂直方向的同步位移。
所述测量系统包括现场测量设备；所述现场测量设备包括流量测量仪器41、流速测量仪器42、第一相机43、第二相机44和探针45。
其中，流量测量仪器41用于实时显示输送泥浆流量信息。
其中，流速测量仪器42通过三维动力体系进行移动来实现测量不同测点流速。
其中，第一相机43通过相机支架固定在水槽31试验段一侧，其正对水槽31侧壁，保证拍摄范围是整个试验段(包括水槽试验段贴尺R2、沉积泥沙正视图)，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽长度方向和沿水槽高度方向的正视图 照片；
其中，第二相机44固定在吹填机具的上方，相机正对水槽31底部，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽宽度和水槽长度方向的俯视图照片，拍摄过程中保持拍摄位置和范围不变，像素大小设置为统一大小，这样后期就可以利用(如Get Data软件等)图片处理软件对每个工况的沉积泥沙正视图和俯视图照片进行处理分析，通过对比图片的水槽试验段贴尺R2和沉积泥沙范围、高度的比例，来精准读取沉积泥沙的扩散范围、沉积泥沙最大和最小厚度等吹填特征参数。
其中，探针45通过三维动力体系固定在水槽31试验段，用于试验结束后测量不同测点的沉积泥沙厚度。
实施例5
基于实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4，进一步本发明还配置有控制系统，安装于控制柜5内(图1所示)以及与之配套的智能测量系统，从而构建了本发明一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟智能试验系统，能够充分模拟开敞海域进行水下移动式吹填施工方式。
所述控制系统包括输入模块、控制模块和执行模块(图6所示)；所述测量系统，结合现场测量设备以及利用控制系统的输入模块、计算模块，用于获得试验输送泥浆浓度、输送流量、水深、吹填机具距离底床高度、外界水流流速、波高波周期、吹填机具移动速度等关键试验参数。
其中，所述输入模块包括泥浆混合参数、施工环境模拟参数和分层吹填模拟参数三部分，在试验前需要设定各参数初始值，是试验过程中的目标数据。作为实施例，各个参数通过系统人机界面输入。
所述泥浆混合参数包括水质量Mw0、泥沙质量Ms0；
所述施工环境模拟参数包括水槽水深h0、水流流速v0、波高Hw0和波周期Tw0；
所述分层吹填模拟参数包括输入泥浆浓度Cm0、输入泥浆流量Q0、分层吹填机具初始位置(X0，Y0，Z0)、分层吹填机具移动方向(Dx0，Dy0，Dz0)、分层吹填机具移动速度(Vx0，Vy0，Vz0)、分层吹填机具移动距离(Sx0，Sy0，Sz0)、分层吹填机具距离床底距离Hb0。
其中，所述控制模块分为计算模块和管理模块；
所述计算模块包括泥浆混合参数和分层吹填机具位置参数的计算，用于提供给管理模块；其中泥浆混合参数是指水和泥沙混合而成的泥浆参数，用泥浆浓度Cm表示，计算公式为
Cm＝Ms/(Ms+Mw)
式中，Cm表示泥浆浓度，Ms表示泥沙质量，Mw表示水质量。
所述管理模块包括泥浆混合管理模块、施工环境模拟模块、分层吹填模拟模块以及关键参数测量模块四部分的管理模块，分别负责对泥浆存储系统、施工环境模拟、分层吹填模拟装置的管理，以及对测量系统的关键试验参数进行分析并实验数据图表以及科研成果整理输出。其中，
具体的，所述泥浆混合管理模块，对泥浆存储系统中水和泥沙的浓度和混合均匀程度进行管理，按照输入模块初始泥浆浓度目标值Cm0，Ms0表示初始泥沙质量，Mw0表示初始水质量，将水和泥沙按照比例进行混合均匀，从泥浆取样口获取特定体积V的泥浆，并测量取样泥浆质量M，则泥浆浓度Cm换算公式为
式中，Cm表示泥浆浓度，ρs表示泥沙密度，ρw表示水密度，M表示取样泥浆质量，V表示泥浆体积。
如果Cm与Cm0误差不超过5％，则认为达到了设计目标，如果需要改变泥浆浓度为Cm’，则需要适当增加水和泥沙进一步混合，增加的泥沙质量计算公式为
式中，ΔMs表示为了达到泥浆浓度变化目标Cm’所新增的泥沙质量，Cm’表示改变后的泥浆浓度，Ms0表示初始泥沙质量，Mw0表示初始水质量，ΔMw表示为了达到泥浆浓度变化目标所新增的水质量。
作为实施例，对泥浆混合均匀程度的管理是通过三次取样，对比同样时间取样的泥浆质量误差来判断泥浆混合均匀程度，如果三次泥浆质量误差均不超过5％，则认为混合均匀。如果超过5％，则需要继续通过离心泵进行水和泥沙自循环，直至取样泥浆均匀程度满足要求，才能将泥浆供向分层吹填装置，用于模拟 吹填。
具体的，所述施工环境模拟模块，对管理和调节水槽循环水泵P3、电磁阀34状态、造波机的工作状态以符合试验环境的设定要求。
具体的，所述分层吹填模拟管理模块，根据输入泥浆流量和分层吹填机具位置、移动速度、方向和距离设定，对三维动力体系中的动力模组进行控制管理。
具体的，所述分层吹填模拟管理模块，通过调控泥浆输入单向阀F4的开度来调整流量大小，通过安装在泥浆输入管道的流量测量仪器16监测数据来判断是否达到设定的输入泥浆流量Q0。如果监测流量Q小于Q0，则需要增加泥浆输入单向阀F4开度n，如果监测流量Q大于Q0，则需要减小泥浆输入单向阀F4开度n。两者换算关系如下：
式中，Q0表示初始输入泥浆流量，n0表示初始输入泥浆流量Q0对应的开度(n0变化范围是0～1,0表示无流量，1表示最大流量)；Q表示试验过程中监测到的泥浆流量，n表示输入泥浆流量Q对应的电磁阀开度。
对分层吹填机具的移动控制，可通过输入模块以及计算模块实时得到三维动力体系分层吹填机具的移动速度(Vx，Vy，Vz)、距离(Sx，Sy，Sz)和方向(Dx，Dy，Dz)来调控分层吹填机具在不同速度、距离和方向的移动，从而达到目标位置(X1，Y1，Z1)：
式中，X1、Y1、Z1分别表示分层吹填机具的目标位置，X0、Y0、Z0分别表示分层吹填机具初始位置，Sx0、Sy0、Sz0分别表示分层吹填机具移动距离。
具体的，所述关键参数测量管理模块，包括泥浆流量、水流测点流速和吹填泥沙不同特点厚度、吹填范围等关键吹填特征参数三个方面的管理。对于泥浆流量，通过流量测量仪器41对输入泥浆的流量进行实时测量。对于水流测点流速，通过控制流速测量仪器42在不同测点不同水深处进行测量实现。对于吹填特征参数，通过控制第一相机、第二相机和探针来测量。
本实施例中，所述测量系统，结合现场测量设备以及利用控制系统的输入模块、计算模块，用于获得试验输送泥浆浓度、输送流量、水深、吹填机具距离底 床高度、外界水流流速、波高波周期、吹填机具移动速度等关键试验参数。
所述现场测量设备包括流量测量仪器41、流速测量仪器42、第一相机43、第二相机44和探针45。
其中，流量测量仪器41用于实时显示输送泥浆流量信息。
其中，流速测量仪器42通过三维动力体系进行移动来实现测量不同测点流速。
其中，第一相机43通过相机支架固定在水槽31试验段一侧，其正对水槽31侧壁，保证拍摄范围是整个试验段(包括水槽试验段贴尺R2、沉积泥沙正视图)，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽长度方向和沿水槽高度方向的正视图照片；
其中，第二相机44固定在吹填机具的上方，相机正对水槽31底部，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽宽度和水槽长度方向的俯视图照片，拍摄过程中保持拍摄位置和范围不变，像素大小设置为统一大小，这样后期就可以利用(如Get Data软件等)图片处理软件对每个工况的沉积泥沙正视图和俯视图照片进行处理分析，通过对比图片的水槽试验段贴尺R2和沉积泥沙范围、高度的比例，来精准读取沉积泥沙的扩散范围、沉积泥沙最大和最小厚度等吹填特征参数。
其中，探针45通过三维动力体系固定在水槽31试验段，用于试验结束后测量不同测点的沉积泥沙厚度。
实施例6
基于实施例5移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟智能试验系统，能够充分模拟开敞海域进行水下移动式吹填施工方式，进一步公开本实施例在室内实施的模拟试验方法(图7中所示)，其步骤包括：
(1)通过输入模块设计关键试验参数：根据重力相似、几何相似和动力相似原则，设计并确定试验输送泥浆浓度、输送流量、水深、吹填机具距离底床高度、外界水流流速、波高波周期、吹填机具初始位置、移动速度等关键试验参数。
(2)通过输入模块设定水深、速度和波浪条件：向水槽31注水至试验水深，开启水槽循环水泵P3，按照试验设计外界流速设定电磁阀状态，调整水槽内水流流速为设计流速。按照试验波浪条件，调节并设定造波机的波高和波周期参数 为设计波浪条件。
(3)通过管理模块混合均匀泥浆：开启固体集料箱单向阀F5和水源管道单向阀F1，按照试验泥浆浓度将固定比例和质量的泥沙和水注入存储箱，开启水沙自循环管道单向阀F2，同时开启水沙混合离心泵P1，运行1min后，通过泥浆取样口取泥浆进行检测泥浆混合均匀程度。在取样时，开启泥浆取样口单向阀F3，同步关闭水沙自循环管道单向阀F2，通过泥浆取样口定时取泥浆，测量取样泥浆质量三次，换算得到三次平均取样泥浆浓度。若取样泥浆浓度与设计浓度基本保持一致，此时认为泥浆混合均匀，否则调整泥沙和水进一步混合。取样结束后，立刻关闭泥浆取样口单向阀F3，同步开启水沙自循环管道单向阀F2，并在试验过程中始终保持泥浆在不断循环，从而保障分层吹填机具的输入泥浆始终是混合均匀的泥浆。
(4)通过管理模块开始第一层移动式吹填：开启泥浆输入单向阀F4和泥浆输入离心泵P2，控制泥浆输入单向阀F4开度，使得流量测量仪器41测量的泥浆输入管道泥浆流量为设定流量。设定分层吹填装置的三维动力体系的移动速度、移动方向和移动距离，使得通过控制安装吹填机具的三维动力体系同步控制吹填机具按照设定移动速度沿水槽方向进行移动直至到达设定位置，模拟第一层移动式吹填过程。在试验过程中，根据试验需求，控制流速测量仪器42测量特定测点特定水深处流速，用来测量流场变化。
(5)通过管理模块完成第一层移动式吹填：待吹填机具移动至设定移动距离终点位置，关闭泥浆输入离心泵P2，重新设定分层吹填装置的三维动力体系的移动速度、移动方向和移动距离，使得分层吹填机具在不扰动沉积泥沙的情况下，通过控制安装吹填机具的三维动力体系尽量快速控制吹填机具移动至初始位置，分层吹填装置在移动期间需要专人协助钢丝软管输送管道同步移动并保证不断开连接。
(6)通过管理模块重复步骤(4)-(5)，直至实现目标n层(n≥1)移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟试验；
(7)通过测量系统测量吹填试验特征参数：待该工况多层移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟试验结束后，停止试验，由管理模块关闭造波机32、水槽循环水泵P3、泥浆输入离心泵P2、水沙混合离心泵P1和所有单向阀，待水槽内 泥沙沉淀至清水后，缓慢放空试验水槽内的水，利用测量系统中的相机1和相机2分别对试验段沉积泥沙进行拍照，用于后期利用图像处理软件测量吹填范围、最多及最小吹填厚度等吹填特征参数，并利用探针精确测量特定测点的吹填厚度；利用测量系统的关键试验参数由管理系统以实验数据图表整理输出。
(8)清理水槽试验区泥沙，根据试验需求可改变输送泥浆浓度、输送流量、吹填机具距离底床高度、外界水流流速、波高、波周期、吹填机具移动速度等关键参数，在管理模块下重复(2)-(7)步骤，即可实现多元化调整的移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟试验。
实施例7
应用例试验的长度比尺为1：10，试验设计参数与原型参数见表1。
表1本实例参数表
(2)向水槽31注水至试验水深，开启循环水泵P3，按照试验设计外界流速设定电磁阀34转速，调整水槽内水流流速为设计流速0.237m/s。
(3)开启固体集料箱单向阀F5和水源管道单向阀F1，按照试验泥浆浓度将固定比例和质量的泥沙和水注入存储箱，开启水沙自循环管道单向阀F2，同时开启水沙混合离心泵P1，运行1min后，通过泥浆取样口15取泥浆进行检测泥浆混合均匀程度。在取样时，开启泥浆取样口单向阀F3，同步关闭水沙自循环管道单向阀F2，通过泥浆取样口定时取泥浆，测量取样泥浆质量三次，换算得到三次平均取样泥浆浓度。若取样泥浆浓度与设计浓度20％基本保持一致，此时认为泥浆混合均匀，否则调整泥沙和水进一步混合。取样结束后，立刻关闭泥浆取样口单向阀F3，同步开启水沙自循环管道单向阀F2，并在试验过程中始终保持泥浆在不断循环，从而保障分层吹填机具的输入泥浆始终是混合均匀的泥浆。
(4)开启泥浆输入单向阀F4和泥浆输入离心泵P2，控制泥浆输入单向阀F4开度，使得流量测量仪器41测量的泥浆输入管道泥浆流量为设定流量0.006m3/s。设定三维动力体系的初始位置、移动速度、移动方向和移动距离，使得通过控制安装吹填机具的三维动力体系同步控制吹填机具按照设定移动速度沿水槽方向进行移动直至到达设定位置，模拟第一层移动式吹填过程。在试验过程中，根据试验需求，控制流速测量仪器测量特定测点特定水深处流速，用来测量流场变化。
(5)待吹填机具移动至设定移动距离终点位置，关闭泥浆输入离心泵P2，重新设定三维动力体系的移动速度、移动方向和移动距离，使得吹填机具在不扰动沉积泥沙的情况下，通过控制安装吹填机具的三维动力体系尽量快速控制吹填机具移动至初始位置，分层吹填装置在移动期间需要专人协助钢丝软管输送管道同步移动并保证不断开连接。
(6)重复步骤(4)-(5)，直至实现目标3层移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟试验；
(7)待该工况多层移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟试验结束后，停止试验，关闭造波机、水槽循环水泵P3、泥浆输入离心泵P2、水沙混合离心泵P1和所有单向阀门，待水槽内泥沙沉淀至清水后，缓慢放空试验水槽内的水，利用第一相机43和第二相机44分别对试验段沉积泥沙进行拍照，用于后期利用图像处理软件测量吹填范围、最多及最小吹填厚度等吹填特征参数，并利用探针45精确测量特定测点的吹填厚度。
(8)清理水槽试验区泥沙，根据试验需求可改变输送泥浆浓度、输送流量、吹填机具距离底床高度、外界水流流速、波高、波周期、吹填机具移动速度等关键参数，重复(2)-(7)步骤，即可实现多元化调整的移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟试验。
综上所述，采用模拟装置及试验方法可以在室内模拟风浪流施工环境下，同时保证泥浆混合均匀的移动式分层吹填，为深入研究精准吹填提供科学手段。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方案，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种移动式水下分层吹填施工室内模拟装置，其特征是，包括泥浆存储系统、分层吹填装置、施工环境模拟系统、测量系统。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述泥浆存储系统包括存储箱18、固体集料箱19、输送管道，其中所述输送管道包括水源管道11、水沙混合管道12、泥浆输入管道13；在水沙混合管道12上设置水沙混合离心泵P1，在所述泥浆输入管道13上设置泥浆输入离心泵P2；其中，所述存储箱18用来存放和混合泥沙及水；所述存储箱18：通过其上方设置固体集料箱19为其投放泥沙，所述固体集料箱19用来存放泥沙原料；通过水源管道11向箱内供水；通过水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1形成循环通道，所述存储箱、水沙混合管道12、水沙混合离心泵P1构成自循环系统，用于将水和泥沙混合均匀；通过泥浆输入管道13与所述分层吹填装置连通。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述施工环境模拟系统，通过水槽31模拟海洋，用来实现开敞海域的风浪流环境条件模拟。所述水槽31用于模拟施工环境，其内安装有造波机32、循环水泵P3；所述水槽31为循环开放水槽，上层为试验区，下层为水体循环区，上下两层隔离，所述水体循环区用于支持和保障试验区，保证流动水体的可循环。在上层的试验区：分为过渡段、试验段和尾水段，其中：在过渡段前端安装所述造波机32，用于模拟沿水槽长度方向的波浪条件；过渡段为试验段提供均匀稳定的水流条件，试验段为试验主功能区域；过渡段、尾水段与下层的水体循环区接通。所述循环水泵P3，设置于水槽下层的水体循环区内，用于形成可持续的，可循环的，能模拟出带有流速的海洋水流。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述分层吹填装置包括吹填机具、三维动力体系，所述吹填机具在水槽中的定位和移动受控于所述三维动力体系。所述吹填机具包括横向过渡段管道21、竖向管筒22、横向管筒23；所述吹填机具通过所述横向过渡段管道21与所述泥浆存储系统连接从而获得泥浆；所述吹填机具通过竖向管筒22与三维动力体系连接；所述横向管筒23为吹填机具的终端，与水槽宽度平行，具有多个出流口的管段；所述吹填机具通过其横向管筒23的多个出流口输送泥浆到水槽底床进行吹填模拟试验。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述三维动力体系，设计为三维移 动模组，分别为：纵向第一移动模组24、横向第二移动模组25、垂向第三移动模组26；其中，所述垂向第三移动模组26携带吹填机具实现在水槽31中垂向高度调节，所述横向第二移动模组25携带垂向第三移动模组26实现在水槽31中横向宽度调节，纵向第一移动模组24携带横向第二移动模组25实现在水槽31中长度方向的位移调节。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述测量系统包括现场测量设备；所述现场测量设备包括流量测量仪器41、流速测量仪器42、第一相机43、第二相机44和探针45；其中，流量测量仪器41用于实时显示输送泥浆流量信息；其中，流速测量仪器42通过三维动力体系进行移动来实现测量不同测点流速；其中，探针45通过三维动力体系固定在水槽31试验段，用于试验结束后测量不同测点的沉积泥沙厚度。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述第一相机43通过相机支架固定在水槽31试验段一侧，其正对水槽31侧壁，保证拍摄范围是整个试验段(包括水槽试验段贴尺R2、沉积泥沙正视图)，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽长度方向和沿水槽高度方向的正视图照片。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述第二相机44固定在吹填机具的上方，相机正对水槽31底部，用来拍摄吹填试验后沉积泥沙沿水槽宽度和水槽长度方向的俯视图照片，拍摄过程中保持拍摄位置和范围不变，像素大小设置为统一大小，这样后期就可以利用图片处理软件对每个工况的沉积泥沙正视图和俯视图照片进行处理分析，通过对比图片的水槽试验段贴尺R2和沉积泥沙范围、高度的比例，来精准读取沉积泥沙的扩散范围、沉积泥沙最大和最小厚度等吹填特征参数。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，所述存储箱18的一侧设置有存储箱贴尺R1，用来标记液面高度。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征是，在试验段的出入两端处设置格栅33，防止试验泥沙污染下层的水体循环区。
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