WO2023229534A1 - Système et configuration de refroidissement de liquide à étages multiples - Google Patents

Système et configuration de refroidissement de liquide à étages multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023229534A1
WO2023229534A1 PCT/SG2023/050366 SG2023050366W WO2023229534A1 WO 2023229534 A1 WO2023229534 A1 WO 2023229534A1 SG 2023050366 W SG2023050366 W SG 2023050366W WO 2023229534 A1 WO2023229534 A1 WO 2023229534A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
cooling system
liquid cooling
fluid
multistage liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2023/050366
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ee Ho Tang
Fuyun Li
Lok Lee Hillary YAP
Yujun Huang
Huan LIU
Original Assignee
St Engineering Innosparks Pte. Ltd.
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Application filed by St Engineering Innosparks Pte. Ltd. filed Critical St Engineering Innosparks Pte. Ltd.
Publication of WO2023229534A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023229534A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels
    • F28D1/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels with an air driving element

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to a multistage liquid cooling system and configuration, and more particularly to the structure of a multistage liquid cooling system incorporated with evaporative cooling and sensible cooling components with enhanced efficiency.
  • Evaporative cooling also known as swamp cooling, leverages a decrease in air temperature that happens when the state change of water from liquid to gas absorbs energy.
  • Evaporative coolers are useful in data centers, for example, where server or infrastructure heat loads are high and frequent downtimes are not acceptable. Additionally, evaporative coolers can be relatively low cost to operate.
  • PCT/SG2022/05032 describes an efficient liquid cooling unit having a cold- water generation unit (CGU) adapted to receive outdoor air from a first outdoor air inlet through a first air stream and to cool water; and a main cooling unit (MCU) adapted to receive outdoor air from a second outdoor air inlet through a second air stream and to cool the outdoor air so received from the second outdoor air inlet.
  • the cold-water generation unit comprises a first evaporative media configured to circulate evaporative cooling water therethrough, wherein airflow through first air stream is separate from airflow through the second streams such that the airflows do not mix with one another, and the main cooling unit and the cold-water generation unit are arranged in fluid communication with the water management system via a first fluid stream.
  • a multistage liquid cooling system has a top and a bottom, and sides connecting the top to the bottom.
  • the multistage liquid cooling system comprises a first fluid inlet adapted to receive warm fluid to be cooled, a first air inlet adapted to receive first air, and a first air outlet adapted to exhaust the first air, a second air inlet adapted to receive second air, such that the second air is isolated in the multistage liquid cooling system from the first air, and a second air outlet adapted to exhaust the second air, a heat recovery unit, a cold-water generation unit, and a main cooling unit.
  • the heat recovery unit is adapted to receive second air from main cooling unit and fluid from the first fluid inlet and cool the fluid at a first stage of cooling.
  • the cold-water generation unit is adapted to receive the first air from the first air inlet, and cooled fluid from the heat recovery unit and further cool the fluid at a second stage of cooling.
  • the main cooling unit is adapted to receive the second air from the second air inlet, further cooled fluid from the cold-water generation unit, and provide a third stage further cooling the fluid.
  • the first air inlet and the second air inlet are each positioned on the side, and the first air outlet is positioned on the top.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a multistage liquid cooling system in accordance with one embodiment where the cold-water generation unit (CGU) and the main cooling unit (MCU) are separated by an airflow divider.
  • CGU cold-water generation unit
  • MCU main cooling unit
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a multistage liquid cooling system in accordance with another embodiment where the CGU is positioned above the MCU.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a multistage liquid cooling system, with first air exhaust outlet(s) and second air outlet(s) positioned on a top of the cooler
  • Fig. 4 shows a fluid trace for the embodiment of Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan schematic view of the top of a multistage liquid cooling system showing a pair of first air outlets and a second air outlet.
  • Fig. 6 shows a plan schematic view of the top of an embodiment of the multistage liquid cooling system showing four first air outlets and a second air outlet.
  • Fig. 7 shows a plan schematic view of the top of an embodiment of the multistage liquid cooling system showing six first air outlets and a second air outlet.
  • FIG. 1 shows a multistage liquid cooling system 100 in accordance with one embodiment comprising a Cold-Water Generation Unit (CGU) 102, a Main Cooling Unit (MCU) 1 14, and a Heat Recovery Unit (HRU) 1 12. Relatively hot fluid flows into the cooler 100 via a fluid inlet 81 (shown in Fig.
  • CGU Cold-Water Generation Unit
  • MCU Main Cooling Unit
  • HRU Heat Recovery Unit
  • the multistage liquid cooling system is shown having a bottom wall 160, a top wall 150, and side walls 152, 154 operatively connecting the bottom wall to the top wall.
  • An airflow divider 120 positioned in the cooler cooperates with one or more of the walls to separate a cold-water generation unit (CGU) 102 from a main cooling unity (MCU) 1 14 and a heat recovery unit (HRU) 1 12.
  • the multistage liquid cooling system is also shown with at least one first fan 122, at least one second fan 124, a first water tank 1 16 positioned in the CGU, and a second water tank 1 18 positioned in the MCU.
  • the CGU 102 further comprises a first evaporative media 104 for evaporative cooling water circulating.
  • Side wall 154 has a first air inlet 71
  • top wall 150 has a first air outlet 79.
  • the first fan 122 pulls air from inlet 71 through the first evaporative media 104 and expels the heated air through outlet 79.
  • the first fan 122 in the CGU 102 is arranged in such way that the air leaves the first evaporative media 104 in an upwards direction, and away from the 2 nd air inlet 91.
  • the side walls in this embodiment can have an upper side 152 and a lower side 153 on the left side (as shown in Fig. 1 ), and an upper side 154 and lower side 155 on the right side (as shown in Fig. 1 ).
  • the 2 nd air inlet is shown on one of the side walls 152, below the airflow divider, at the MCU.
  • the side walls are generally perpendicular with respect to the bottom wall 160 and to the top wall 150 and can have, for example, four side walls and a rectangular cross section.
  • the second air is isolated in the multistage liquid cooling system from the first air. That is the two air streams travel different paths in the multistage liquid cooling system until each air stream reaches a separate outlet.
  • the main cooling unity MCU 1 14 comprises a second evaporative media 106 for evaporative cooling water/fluid circulating therethrough and is provided with a second heat exchanger 1 10.
  • the heat recovery unit HRU 1 12 is provided with of a first heat exchanger 108.
  • the second fan 124 is used for moving air through the MCU 1 14 and the HRU 112 from 2 nd air inlet 91 to 2 nd air outlet 99.
  • the first water tank 1 16 and the second water tank 1 18, can comprise containers to hold the water that is being circulated in the multistage liquid cooling system 100.
  • a water pump used for circulating the fluid/water is typically provided.
  • the airflow divider 120 acts to separate the first airflow in the CGU 102 from the second airflow of the MCU 1 14 and the HRU 1 12.
  • the MCU 114 and GCU 102 are arranged in fluid communication as discussed in greater detail in Fig. 4 below.
  • the CGU 102 is positioned next to the MCU 1 14 (which is below the HRU 1 12) such that the CGU is between side wall 154 and airflow divider 120.
  • the overall height of the CGU 102 can be equivalent to a total height of the MCU 1 14 and the HRU 1 12 such that the multistage liquid cooling system 100 fully uses available headroom while reducing the physical footprint.
  • the first water tank 1 16 is placed below the CGU 102 and the second water tank 1 18 is below the MCU 1 14.
  • the components such as the first water tank 1 16, the second water tank 1 18, the CGU 102, the MCU 1 14 can be arranged in numerous ways.
  • the first air fans 122 and second air fans 124 may be arranged as shown in Fig. 1 , with the first air fan outlet on the top wall, and the second air fan outlet at side wall 152. More generally the fan outlets are positioned generally remote from the air inlets. Alternatively, all of the fan outlets may be positioned on the top wall, and can take on one of several different geometries - such as a shape similar to a polygonal prism, having four, six or eight vertical faces.
  • the first fan 122 in the CGU 102 can be located above the first evaporative media 104 such that the air leaves the first evaporative media 104 i.e., airflows (airflow 1 ) in a net upwards direction as shown in Fig.
  • This configuration has advantage over a horizontal or downward air flow direction as it reduces the chances of water droplets being drawn together with the airflow, thus reducing water lift off and eliminating the need to install drift eliminators.
  • This configuration also allows the face velocity of the air through the evaporative media to be higher than the other two flow orientation, thus advantageously contributing to a smaller overall surface area which leads to an overall smaller unit footprint.
  • the first water tank 1 16 is located at the base of the CGU 102, which collects the water that flows from the first evaporative media 104 in the CGU 102, before pumping it to the next stage of the cooling process, which is the second evaporative media 106 of the MCU 1 14.
  • a pump can be in the first water tank 1 16 to circulate the water to the MCU 1 14. Some of the water flows directly to the second water tank 1 18 that is positioned below the MCU 1 14.
  • all the water from the CGU 102 passes through the second evaporative media 106 of the MCU 1 14, such that all the water is cooled to a lower temperature after passing through the MCU unit 1 14.
  • the first water tank 116 and second water tank 1 18 may not be directly fluidly connected to achieve a lower final water temperature.
  • an internal second fluid flow may be provided from the 2 nd water tank 1 18 to the second heat exchanger 1 10, to the first evaporative media 104, from there to the first water tank 1 16, from there to the 2 nd evaporative media 106 and back to the 2 nd water tank 1 18.
  • This second fluid flow allows the second air/second airflow to be pre-cooled first in the second heat exchanger 110, so that upon contact with water at the second evaporative media 106, the final water temperature leaving the second evaporative media can be materially lowered.
  • Second airflow after the first evaporative media is in a net upward direction towards the top.
  • the MCU 1 14 is positioned at side wall 153 adjacent to the CGU 102 and separated by and positioned below the airflow divider 120. This arrangement helps to reduce leakage of air flows between the CGU 102 and the MCU 1 14.
  • Below the MCU 1 14 is the second water tank 1 18 at or near bottom wall 160, which collects the water from the second evaporative media 106 in the MCU 1 14.
  • final cold water is collected, to be circulated to an external unit using this cold water, via an external pump or gravity feed, depending on the application.
  • the second heat exchanger 1 10 is positioned at 2 nd air inlet 91 so as to be upstream of the second evaporative media 106.
  • the function of the second heat exchanger 1 10 is to pre-cool the ambient air that is drawn by the second fan 124 through the 2 nd inlet 91 , such that the air temperature of the second air stream is lowered before being fed to the second evaporative media 106.
  • the size ratio of the second heat exchanger 1 10 to the second evaporative media 106 is preferably 1 :1 , in order that the capacity of the second heat exchanger 1 10 and the second evaporative media 106 is kept uniform.
  • the size ratio could be changed to increase or decrease the cooling capacity of each component to suit the cooling requirements. Specifically, if the size of the second evaporative media 106 is larger than the second heat exchanger 1 10, the temperature of the water entering the second water tank 1 18 is even lower and more water can also flow to the second evaporative media 106. If the second heat exchanger 1 10 size is larger than the second evaporative media 106, the air temperature exiting the second heat exchanger 1 10 is relatively lower, allowing the water temperature to be lower albeit at a lower flow rate.
  • the HRU 1 12 is positioned above the MCU 1 14 that houses heat exchanger 108. As shown, the HRU is positioned above the MCU and above an airflow divider 120, generally adjacent side wall 152, such that the overall size of the heat exchanger 108 is similar to the size of the second heat exchangers 110 in the MCU 1 14. This arrangement helps preserve a face velocity of fluid flowing through the heat exchangers, increasing cooling performance.
  • the first heat exchanger 108 in the HRU 1 12 allows the return heated water from which the liquid cooling apparatus 100 supplies cold water to be partially regenerated by using the cool air that is generated from the MCU 1 14 section to pre-cool the water before circulating the water to the CGU 102 for further cooling and regeneration.
  • Cooling capacity loss is low and the cool air that is generated as a by-product of cooling water in the MCU 1 14 is recycled to cool the heated water, thereby reducing the regeneration needed in the CGU 102, and allowing the size of the CGU 102 to be further trimmed.
  • the 2 nd air fan 124 is positioned between the MCU 1 14 and the HRU 1 12 unit, such that the MCU 1 14 is upstream of the fan 124 and the HRU 1 12 is downstream. This orientation specifically saves most of the space and the fan 124 takes up unused space in the centre of the HRU 1 12, while maintaining a net upwards airflow direction for air existing the MCU second evaporative media 106 i.e., airflow 2 (shown in Fig.1 ).
  • the exhaust air is therefore expelled from the perimeter of the HRU 1 12 back into ambient.
  • the fan 124 is placed either upstream of both the MCU 1 14 and the HRU 1 12, or downstream of both the MCU 1 14 and the HRU 112, without any significant performance variation. While the 2nd air outlet 99 may be positioned generally adjacent the side wall 152, 2 nd air outlet 99 may also be extended away from the side wall via additional ducting or separators to bring the exhaust air further away from the air intakes.
  • the location of the 2 nd fan 124 downstream of the second evaporative media 106 is placed to create a more uniform face velocity profile on the second evaporative media 106, which aids in increasing the heat transfer efficiency of the whole second evaporative media 106.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a multistage liquid cooling system 200 where the CGU 202 is positioned directly above the HRU 212, between side walls 252 and 254, and top wall 250.
  • the CGU 202 is positioned above the HRU 212, which is in turn positioned above the MCU 214.
  • the first fan 222 and the second fan 224, as well as the first water tank (not shown in Fig. 2), and the second water tank 218 can be also arranged in numerous ways.
  • the physical footprint is reduced as all components are stacked on top of one another, providing a tall and lean embodiment.
  • the airflow divider 220 is therefore placed under the CGU 202 to separate the airflow flowing in the CGU 202 and that of the MCU 214 and the HRU 212.
  • the first water tank can be positioned at the bottom of the CGU 202, using gravity to collect the water that is fed to the first evaporative media 204, before further flowing it to the second evaporative media 206, in the MCU 214. Also, in this second configuration, a water pump is not required in the first water tank thus saving on costs and energy.
  • the second fan 224 is used to draw air from 2 nd air inlet 291 and move air from the MCU 214 to the HRU 212, and can be placed between the MCU 214 and the HRU 212 to rationalize use of space.
  • the size of the first heat exchangers 208 in the HRU 212 and/or the second heat exchangers 210 is/are reduced to increase the effective face velocity or introduce additional ducting or separators to bring the exhaust air further from the air intakes.
  • the position of the second fan 224 can be relocated such that short-circuiting of the exhaust air is kept low without the need to either reduce the heat exchanger surface area or introduce additional air separators.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of a multistage liquid cooling system 300, where the CGU 302 is positioned above the MCU 314, while the HRU 312 is located centrally remote from side walls 352/353 and 354/355.
  • the HRU is shown at least partially surrounded by both the CGU 302 and the MCU 314, thus using the empty chamber created by the surrounding components of the MCU 314 to house the HRU 312 components.
  • the relative position of the first heat exchanger 308 of the HRU is such that it can bel higher compared to the MCU components, that is, at least a portion of the first heat exchanger 308 is closer to the top wall 350 than the second heat exchanger 310, thus ensuring a net upward flow of the air passing through the second evaporative media 306, and ensuring that the size of the evaporative media can be kept low to reduce the physical footprint.
  • the first heat exchanger 308 can be configured to be at an angle to further increase the use of the empty chamber space to house the component and cater for smoother airflow transition from one component to the next.
  • the sides are perpendicular to the top and the bottom, so as to be aligned generally vertically during normal operation, and the first heat exchangers 308 are positioned at an acute angle with respect to the sides.
  • This configuration advantageously reduces size of the multistage liquid cooling system.
  • the second fans 324 are placed downstream of the MCU 314 and HRU 312 and on the top wall of the apparatus 300 such that the air that is drawn past these two components are exhausted in an upwards direction at outlets 399, to prevent any recirculation back into the apparatus, either via the air inlet to first air/Airflow 1 or the air inlet to second air/Airflow 2.
  • the first air outlet 379 may be positioned at a portion of the top 360 which forms an acute angle with the sides 352/354.
  • the first fan 322 may be positioned at an approximately 45° angle with the side walls.
  • the first air inlet is on the first side wall opposite the second side wall, and the second air inlet is also on the first side wall.
  • the first side wall is 354/355
  • the second side wall is 352/353.
  • First air inlet 371 is at 354 above second air inlet 391 at 355. Both side walls may be generally perpendicular to the top wall 350 and to the bottom wall 360.
  • Fig. 4 shows the embodiment of Fig. 3 with a trace of a water circuit.
  • Fluid in a first fluid stream enters the multistage liquid cooling system at a fluid inlet 81 , typically on one of the side walls. From there, the fluid travels through a series of heat transfer steps.
  • First is the first heat exchanger 308 in the HRU, and from there to the first evaporative media 304, shown in this embodiment at least partially above the first heat exchanger 308 (that is, closer to the top wall 350). From there fluid can travel to the 2nd evaporative media 306 and then be collected in the second water tank 318. From there the cooled water may be directed out of the multistage liquid cooling system.
  • the configuration of the HRU with respect to the MCU and CGU advantageously reduces water lift-off from the first and second evaporative media 304, 306 and increases face velocity to achieve a compact system physical footprint.
  • the airflow divider 320 separates the airflow in the CGU 302 from that of the MCU 314 and HRU 312, such that two separate air streams driven by different fans 322, 324.
  • the embodiment shown in Figs. 3-4 allow for enhanced control and flexibility of both airflow streams, allowing individual control of the capacity for the CGU 302, the MCU 314, and the HRU 312. This embodiment allows flexibility for a variable capacity multistage liquid cooling system in differing modes of operation, whereby the power consumption is reduced, that is, few components of the liquid cooling apparatus 300 are nonfunctional to reduce power.
  • the second fan 324 for the MCU 314 and the HRU 312 is not operatable, hence providing additional electrical savings.
  • the MCU 314 and the HRU 312 also operate individually without the CGU 302 operation.
  • an internal second fluid flow may be provided from the 2 nd water tank 318 to the second heat exchanger 310, to the first evaporative media 304, from there to the first water tank 316, from there to the 2 nd evaporative media 306 and back to the 2 nd water tank 318.
  • This second fluid flow allows the second airflow to be pre-cooled first in the second heat exchanger 310, so that upon contact with water at the second evaporative media 306, the final water temperature leaving the second evaporative media can be materially lowered.
  • the airflow divider 320 is placed to separate the airflow flowing in the CGU 302 from that of the MCU 314 and the HRU 312.
  • the airflow divider can also be at a slanted position to help smooth airflow within the system and eliminate any dead space.
  • the first fan 322 of this embodiment is also placed above the first evaporative media 304 of the CGU 302 (closer to the top wall than the first evaporative media 304) and on top of the multistage liquid cooling system 300 such that the air exhausted is upwards and away from the apparatus air intakes.
  • the air outlets 379, 399 can have any number of sides for air intake.
  • the first air inlet and the second air inlet can be on the same side or a different side.
  • Fig. 5 shows one example which can be used with any of the embodiments discussed above.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view of a pair of first fans 322 and a second fan 324 positioned between the two first fans 322.
  • the first fans 322 and second fan 324 are both positioned on the top wall 350 of the apparatus.
  • the first fans may be presented on a portion of the top wall forming an acute angle with another portion of the top wall where the second air outlet and second fan is located.
  • the MCU 314 and the HRU 312 are shown as a combined section with airflow divider 320 positioned between the CGU 302 and the combined section (314 and 312).
  • the multistage liquid cooling system disclosed here may have a generally rectangular cross section, at least near the top wall.
  • Fig. 6 shows a plan view another exhaust fan arrangement where four first fans 322 are positioned at 90° intervals around a centrally located second fan. As with the embodiment of Fig. 5, all the fans are positioned on the top wall and the portions may not necessarily be uniformly planar taken together. Air dividers 320 are shown isolating the CGU from the MCU/HRU sections.
  • the multistage liquid cooling system disclosed here may have a generally square cross section, at least near the top wall.
  • the plurality of first exhaust fans 322 may advantageously spread the relatively hot exhaust air and further reduce potential issues with short circuiting. Since the first air outlet corresponds to the first fan, when there are four first fans, there are four first air outlets positioned circumferentially around the second air outlet.
  • Fig. 7 shows a plan view of another exhaust fan arrangement where six first fans 322 are positioned at 60° intervals on the top wall circumferentially surrounding a centrally located second fan 324. As with the embodiments of Figs. 5-6, all the fans are positioned on the top wall and the portions of the top wall may not necessarily be uniformly planar taken together. Air dividers 320 are shown isolating the CGU from the MCU/HRU sections.
  • the multistage liquid cooling system disclosed here may have a generally hexagonal cross section, at least near the top wall.
  • the plurality of first exhaust fans 322 may advantageously spread the relatively hot exhaust air and further reduce potential issues with short circuiting. Since the first air outlet corresponds to the first fan, when there are six first fans, there are six corresponding first air outlets, and these first air outlets may be positioned circumferentially and equidistantly on the top around the second air outlet.
  • the liquid cooling apparatus 300 contains a Cold-Water Generation Unit (CGU) 302, a Heat Recovery Unit (HRU) 312, a Main Cooling Unit (MCU) 314, water tanks 316, 318, fans 322 and 324 for moving first and second air streams, respectively, a circulation water pump and an airflow divider 320 to separate the airflow in the Cold- Water Generation Unit 302 from the Main Cooling Unit 314 and the heat recovery unit HRU 312.
  • Fluid flow through the multistage liquid cooling systems disclosed herein to cool circulating water to a temperature lower than ambient wet bulb can comprise a multi-stage process of temperature reduction.
  • first stage warm to hot first fluid is introduced into the multistage liquid cooling system at a fluid inlet 81 , passing the first fluid through the first heat exchanger 308 positioned in the HRU and exchanging heat with the second air stream there to cool the fluid.
  • the fluid travels to the first evaporative media 304 positioned in the CGU where heat is exchanged with the first air stream, further reducing the temperature of the fluid, and is collected in the first water tank 316.
  • the fluid is transferred to the MCU and second evaporative media 306, and heat is exchanged with the second air stream to cool the fluid a third time.
  • the cooled fluid is collected in the second water tank 318, and eventually pumped or otherwise delivered to the outlet for use, such as for cooling data centers and other places where substantially cooling is required.
  • Water may drip from or otherwise be operatively connected to the second evaporative media 306 into the second water tank, so a direct physical connection is not required.
  • the ability to cool the water to a temperature sufficiently low (in this case, close or below to the wetbulb temperature) and then send out to provide cooling is advantageous by reducing the cooling load and dependency on conventional cooling technology (such as refrigerants and chiller water, which runs on compressors and are energy intensive).
  • conventional cooling technology such as refrigerants and chiller water, which runs on compressors and are energy intensive.
  • heat from the data hall is traditionally passed to the chilled water running in a cooling unit or a fan coil unit.
  • the cooled water may also be sent to the fan coil unit and take up some of the heat load, (for example, around 40-50% of the total load), so that less load needs to be cooled by the chilled water, which runs on compressors.
  • the multistage liquid cooling systems disclosed herein can help data centers reduce their electricity consumption and attendant costs. From the foregoing disclosure and detailed description of certain embodiments, it will be apparent that various modifications, additions and other alternative embodiments are possible without departing from the true scope of the invention.
  • the embodiments discussed were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to use the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.

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Abstract

Un système de refroidissement de liquide à étages multiples comprend une première entrée de fluide qui reçoit un fluide à refroidir, une première entrée d'air reçoit un premier air, une première sortie d'air évacue le premier air, une seconde entrée d'air reçoit un second air, et une seconde sortie d'air évacue le second air. Une unité de récupération de chaleur reçoit un second air provenant d'une unité de refroidissement principale et un fluide provenant de la première entrée de fluide et refroidit le fluide à une première étape de refroidissement. Une unité de génération d'eau froide reçoit un premier air provenant de la première entrée d'air et un fluide refroidi provenant de l'unité de récupération de chaleur, et refroidit davantage le fluide à une seconde étape de refroidissement. Une unité de refroidissement principale reçoit un second air provenant de la seconde entrée d'air, et un fluide refroidi davantage provenant de l'unité de génération d'eau froide. La première entrée d'air et la seconde entrée d'air sont sur un côté, et la première sortie d'air est sur la partie supérieure.
PCT/SG2023/050366 2022-05-27 2023-05-25 Système et configuration de refroidissement de liquide à étages multiples WO2023229534A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5076065A (en) * 1990-12-20 1991-12-31 Aztec Sensible Cooling, Inc. High saturation efficiency indirect and indirect/direct evaporative cooling process and apparatus
CN207350627U (zh) * 2017-10-09 2018-05-11 西安工程大学 一种干燥炎热地区用板管式间接-直接蒸发冷却冷水机组

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5076065A (en) * 1990-12-20 1991-12-31 Aztec Sensible Cooling, Inc. High saturation efficiency indirect and indirect/direct evaporative cooling process and apparatus
CN207350627U (zh) * 2017-10-09 2018-05-11 西安工程大学 一种干燥炎热地区用板管式间接-直接蒸发冷却冷水机组

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