WO2023221428A1 - 一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221428A1
WO2023221428A1 PCT/CN2022/131942 CN2022131942W WO2023221428A1 WO 2023221428 A1 WO2023221428 A1 WO 2023221428A1 CN 2022131942 W CN2022131942 W CN 2022131942W WO 2023221428 A1 WO2023221428 A1 WO 2023221428A1
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Prior art keywords
fault
phase
voltage line
signal
phase high
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PCT/CN2022/131942
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘红文
陈虓
杨金东
杨文呈
黄继盛
罗正娅
张海涛
李雪峰
Original Assignee
云南电网有限责任公司临沧供电局
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Publication of WO2023221428A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221428A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of distribution network fault detection and location, and in particular to a fault finding system and method based on split-phase switches.
  • the most common fault in the distribution network is a single-phase ground fault. If the ground fault is not eliminated in time, continued operation under the fault condition for a long time will cause the fault to further expand, and it is very likely that the single-phase ground fault will evolve into a phase-to-phase short circuit. malfunction, causing an electrical safety accident. Therefore, how to study distribution network fault technology to quickly locate the fault point is of great significance to the safe and reliable operation of the distribution network.
  • distribution automation is usually used to locate faults in the distribution network
  • the equipment usually used to find faults in the distribution network is an insulation megger.
  • this application provides a fault finding based on split-phase switches.
  • this application provides a fault finding system based on a split-phase switch.
  • the system includes:
  • the fault detection sensor one end of the fault detection sensor is connected to the three-phase high-voltage line, and the other end is grounded, configured to obtain the pulse signal emitted by the three-phase high-voltage line, and transmit a strengthened signal to the fault detection device; the strengthened signal is amplified The pulse signal; the three-phase high-voltage line includes: A-phase high-voltage line, B-phase high-voltage line and C-phase high-voltage line.
  • the split-phase switch is connected to the three-phase high-voltage line and is configured to control the on-off of the three-phase high-voltage line;
  • the split-phase switch includes a first switch, a second switch and a third switch; the first switch controls The second switch controls the switching of the A-phase high-voltage line, and the third switch controls the switching of the C-phase high-voltage line.
  • the fault detection device is configured to receive the reinforced signal, determine the location of the fault point according to the reinforced signal, and send out an alarm signal.
  • a pulse signal will be emitted from the three-phase high-voltage line.
  • the fault detection sensor will obtain this pulse signal, amplify the pulse signal, and then send it to the fault detection device.
  • the fault detection device will obtain the amplified pulse signal.
  • the enhanced signal is used to determine the location of the fault point based on the enhanced signal, which can accurately lock the location of the fault point in a short time and speed up the efficiency of inspection personnel in handling faults.
  • the fault detection sensor is a three-phase sensor, and the A-phase wiring, B-phase wiring, and C-phase wiring of the fault detection sensor are connected in parallel and in series with the measurement impedance; the measurement impedance is configured to measure the three-phase The zero-sequence voltage emitted by high-voltage lines.
  • the A-phase wiring, B-phase wiring, and C-phase wiring of the fault detection sensor are respectively provided with coupling capacitors; the A-phase wiring is connected to the A-phase high-voltage line, and the B-phase wiring is connected to the B-phase high-voltage line.
  • the C-phase wiring is connected to the C-phase high-voltage line; the fault detection sensor is provided with a signal transmitting antenna; the signal transmitting antenna is configured to transmit the zero sequence voltage to the fault detection device.
  • the fault detection sensor is a three-phase sensor
  • the A-phase wiring, B-phase wiring, and C-phase wiring of the fault detection sensor include a coupling capacitor connected in parallel with each other and a measurement impedance in series with the coupling capacitor connected in parallel, so
  • the A-phase wiring is connected to the A-phase high-voltage line
  • the B-phase wiring is connected to the B-phase high-voltage line
  • the C-phase wiring is connected to the C-phase high-voltage line
  • the fault detection sensor is equipped with a signal transmitting antenna, so The signal transmitting antenna is configured to transmit the enhanced signal to the fault detection device
  • the coupling capacitor and the measurement impedance are configured to amplify the pulse voltage signal into the enhanced signal and measure the power frequency zero sequence voltage.
  • system also includes:
  • An environmental detection device configured to detect environmental information of three-phase high-voltage lines in real time, generate a danger level signal according to the environmental information, and send the danger level signal to the fault detection device;
  • the environmental information includes: air humidity information, air temperature information and line density.
  • An alarm device is electrically connected to the fault detection device and configured to issue an alarm according to the alarm signal.
  • the inspector obtains the environmental information of the three-phase high-voltage line and determines the danger level signal of the three-phase high-voltage line based on the air humidity, air temperature and other information near the three-phase high-voltage line.
  • the inspection personnel can use the danger level signal to detect this time. Make a preliminary judgment on the danger level of the fault to avoid safety hazards for inspection personnel during the inspection process.
  • an ammeter is provided on the split-phase switch and is configured to monitor the current value of the three-phase high-voltage line in real time.
  • a fault current measuring device is provided on the ammeter, and the fault current measuring device is configured to obtain the fault current value of the three-phase high-voltage line when the current value exceeds a preset range, and send the fault current value to the fault detection device.
  • the fault detection device also includes:
  • a frequency measurement module configured to measure the frequency of the enhanced signal.
  • a data storage module configured to store historical fault signal data received by the fault detection device when a fault occurs on the three-phase high-voltage line.
  • the historical fault signal data received by the fault detection device when a fault occurs on a three-phase high-voltage line can be stored, and the historical fault signal data can be recalled at any time as a reference to determine the possible location of the fault point and the location of the three-phase fault. The health of phase high voltage lines.
  • this application provides a fault finding method based on split-phase switches.
  • the method includes:
  • the A-phase pulse signal, the B-phase pulse signal and the C-phase pulse signal are amplified to obtain the A-phase enhanced signal, the B-phase enhanced signal and the C-phase enhanced signal.
  • fault enhanced signals with frequencies within the fault frequency range are screened, and the fault point and the fault are determined based on the frequency of the fault enhanced signal. Detect the fault distance of the sensor.
  • the fault point location is determined and fault location information is generated.
  • the step of determining the location of the fault point based on the fault distance includes:
  • the method further includes: obtaining the current value of the three-phase high-voltage line, and according to the current value, The amplification ranges of the A-phase pulse signal, the B-phase pulse signal and the C-phase pulse signal are determined.
  • the amplification ranges of the A-phase pulse signal, the B-phase pulse signal and the C-phase pulse signal are determined by current values, ensuring that the amplified A-phase enhanced signal, the B-phase The enhanced signal and the C-phase enhanced signal are amplified in proportion to the current value, so that the enhanced signal can more accurately reflect the signal intensity change at the fault point.
  • the method also includes:
  • the fault information includes the fault type information and the fault location information.
  • the method before the step of obtaining the pulse signals of the A-phase high-voltage line, the B-phase high-voltage line and the C-phase high-voltage line when the split-phase switch is on, the method also includes:
  • the environmental information includes: air humidity information, air temperature information and line density.
  • the fault point location After the fault point location is determined, it is determined whether the fault point location is within the predicted range.
  • a fault finding system based on a split-phase switch includes: a fault detection sensor, a split-phase switch, and a fault detection device.
  • the fault detection sensor acquires the pulse signal emitted by the three-phase high-voltage line, and amplifies the weak pulse signal into a strengthened signal to the fault detection device. After the fault detection device receives the strengthened signal, it determines the location of the fault point based on the strengthened signal; the split-phase switch controls the three phases The switching of high-voltage lines.
  • a fault finding method based on the split-phase switch obtains the pulse signals of the A-phase high-voltage line, the B-phase high-voltage line and the C-phase high-voltage line when the split-phase switch is turned on, and combines the A-phase pulse signal and the B-phase pulse signal and C-phase pulse signal amplification to obtain A-phase enhanced signal, B-phase enhanced signal and C-phase enhanced signal, screen out the fault enhanced signal that conforms to the fault frequency range, and determine the fault distance between the fault point and the fault sensor based on the frequency of the fault enhanced signal. Further determine the location of the fault point.
  • This application amplifies the weak pulse signal emitted when the three-phase high-voltage line fails, obtains a strengthened signal and sends it to the fault detection device, making it easier to capture the pulse signal when the three-phase high-voltage line fails.
  • the faulty high-voltage line and fault distance are determined, and the fault point location can be accurately and quickly located, making it easier for inspection personnel to solve the fault point problem in a timely manner.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a fault finding system based on split-phase switches
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a fault finding system based on split-phase switches
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a fault in the A-phase high-voltage line and C-phase high-voltage line measured by a fault finding system based on a split-phase switch;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a fault finding system based on split-phase switches
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a fault finding method based on split-phase switches
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a fault finding method based on split-phase switches
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a fault finding method based on split-phase switches.
  • this application provides a method based on Fault finding system for split-phase switches.
  • the system includes:
  • One end of the fault detection sensor 1 is connected to a three-phase high-voltage line and the other end is grounded. It is configured to acquire the pulse signal emitted by the three-phase high-voltage line and transmit an enhanced signal to the fault detection device 3; the enhanced signal is the amplified pulse signal; the three-phase high-voltage lines include: A-phase high-voltage line, B-phase high-voltage line and C-phase high-voltage line. Obtaining the pulse signals emitted by the three-phase high-voltage line includes acquiring the A-phase pulse signal, acquiring the B-phase pulse signal and acquiring the C-phase pulse signal.
  • the split-phase switch 2 is connected to the three-phase high-voltage line and is configured to control the on-off of the three-phase high-voltage line;
  • the split-phase switch 2 includes a first switch, a second switch and a third switch; the first switch The switch controls the on-off of the A-phase high-voltage line, the second switch controls the on-off of the B-phase high-voltage line, and the third switch controls the on-off of the C-phase high-voltage line.
  • the fault detection device 3 is configured to receive the reinforced signal, determine the location of the fault point based on the reinforced signal, and send out an alarm signal.
  • the fault detection sensor 1 is a three-phase sensor, and the A-phase wiring, B-phase wiring, and C-phase wiring of the fault detection sensor 1 are connected in parallel and connected in series with the measurement impedance 12; the measurement impedance 12 is configured To measure the zero-sequence voltage emitted by three-phase high-voltage lines.
  • the fault detection sensor 1 is connected to the three-phase high-voltage line, continuously monitors the three-phase high-voltage line, and captures the pulse signal emitted by the three-phase high-voltage line at any time.
  • the fault detection sensor 1 captures the pulse signal, it will be connected in series through the coupling capacitor 11 and the measurement impedance 12
  • the formed resonant circuit amplifies the pulse signal to obtain an enhanced signal, and then transmits the enhanced signal in the form of electromagnetic waves through the signal transmitting antenna 13 in the fault detection sensor 1, making it easier for the fault detection device 3 to capture and receive the enhanced signal.
  • the signal transmitting antenna 13 is connected to the A-phase wiring, B-phase wiring, and C-phase wiring of the fault detection sensor 1.
  • the amplified A-phase pulse signal, B-phase pulse signal and C-phase pulse signal are all transmitted through the signal transmitting antenna 13.
  • the A-phase wiring, B-phase wiring, and C-phase wiring of the fault detection sensor 1 are respectively provided with coupling capacitors 11; the A-phase wiring is connected to the A-phase high-voltage line, and the B-phase wiring is connected to the B-phase high-voltage line.
  • the C-phase wiring is connected to the C-phase high-voltage line; the fault detection sensor 1 is provided with a signal transmitting antenna 13.
  • the signal transmitting antenna 13 is configured to transmit the zero sequence voltage to the fault detection device 3 .
  • the zero sequence voltage may be a pulse signal.
  • the fault detection sensor 1 When the first switch is turned on and the second switch and the third switch are turned off, the fault detection sensor 1 obtains the A-phase zero sequence voltage distribution U A0 ; when the second switch is turned on and the first switch and the third switch are turned off, The fault detection sensor 1 obtains the B-phase zero sequence voltage distribution U B0 ; when the third switch is turned on, and when the first switch and the second switch are turned off, the fault detection sensor 1 obtains the A-phase zero sequence voltage distribution U C0 .
  • multiple fault detection sensors 1 may be connected to the three-phase high-voltage line. If the A-phase high-voltage line is distributed with n fault detection sensors 1, the zero-sequence voltage of each fault detection sensor 1 is U A0i ; if the B-phase high-voltage line is distributed with n fault detection sensors 1, the zero-sequence voltage of each fault detection sensor 1 is is U B0i ; if there are n fault detection sensors 1 distributed on the C-phase high-voltage line, the zero-sequence voltage of each fault detection sensor 1 is U C0i , and i is 1 ⁇ n.
  • the fault phase is first judged by obtaining the zero sequence current. For example, when the measured impedance 12 can obtain the zero-sequence voltage U A0 of phase A, it means that a ground fault has occurred in the high-voltage line of phase A. Then the zero-sequence voltage of each fault detection sensor 1 of the phase A high-voltage line is brought in as U A0i in, when When the maximum value is reached, it indicates that a ground fault has occurred next to the i-th sensor of the A-phase high-voltage line, and the location of the fault point can be determined.
  • the measured impedance 12 can obtain the zero-sequence voltage U A0 of the A-phase high-voltage line, and can also obtain the zero-sequence voltage U B0i of the B-phase high-voltage line, it means that ground faults occurred in the A-phase high-voltage line and the B-phase high-voltage line at the same time.
  • the method for judging the location of the corresponding fault point is the same as the above steps, and will not be repeated here.
  • the measurement impedance 12 can simultaneously obtain the zero-sequence voltage U A0 of the A-phase high-voltage line, the zero-sequence voltage U B0i of the B-phase high-voltage line, and the zero-sequence voltage U C0i of the C-phase high-voltage line.
  • the method for judging the location of the corresponding fault point is the same as the above steps and will not be repeated here.
  • system further includes:
  • the environmental detection device 4 is configured to detect the environmental information of the three-phase high-voltage line in real time, generate a hazard level signal according to the environmental information, and send the hazard level signal to the fault detection device 3;
  • the environmental information includes: Air humidity information, air temperature information and line density.
  • the alarm device 5 is electrically connected to the fault detection device 3 and is configured to issue an alarm according to the alarm signal. When the location of the fault point is determined, the alarm device 5 issues an alarm to remind the inspector that the location of the fault point has been determined, which facilitates the inspection personnel to perform maintenance or other processing on the fault point of the three-phase high-voltage line.
  • the environment detection device 4 is externally connected to the three-phase high-voltage line and detects environmental information near the three-phase high-voltage line, such as air humidity information, air temperature information and line density.
  • environmental information near the three-phase high-voltage line such as air humidity information, air temperature information and line density.
  • three-phase high-voltage lines are more likely to have faults, such as leakage and conduction, etc. in areas with high air humidity.
  • the air temperature is too high, it may cause internal fuses in the three-phase high-voltage lines, leading to circuit breakage and other problems.
  • the lines between or outside the three-phase high-voltage lines are relatively dense, faults such as circuit breakage due to line conduction and heat may occur. It makes subsequent inspection and maintenance work extremely difficult.
  • the inspector obtains the environmental information of the three-phase high-voltage line and determines the danger level signal of the three-phase high-voltage line based on the air humidity, air temperature and other information near the three-phase high-voltage line, and sends the danger signal to the fault detection device 3.
  • the inspector can pass the danger signal Level signal to make a preliminary judgment on the danger level of this fault to avoid safety hazards caused by the above faults for inspection personnel.
  • the split-phase switch 2 is provided with an ammeter and is configured to monitor the current value of the three-phase high-voltage line in real time.
  • a fault current measuring device is provided on the ammeter, and the fault current measuring device is configured to obtain the fault current value of the three-phase high-voltage line when the current value exceeds a preset range, and send the fault current value to the fault Detection device 3.
  • the ammeter on the split-phase switch 2 will monitor the current changes of the three-phase high-voltage lines in real time. When the current changes of the three-phase high-voltage lines exceed the preset range, it means that one or more of the three-phase high-voltage lines are faulty.
  • the fault current measuring device will obtain the fault current value of the three-phase high-voltage line at this moment, and send the fault current value to the fault detection device 3, so that the inspection personnel can check the fault current value and compare it with the current value of the three-phase high-voltage line under normal working conditions. Make a comparison and initially determine the type of possible fault.
  • the fault detection device 3 further includes:
  • a frequency measurement module configured to measure the frequency of the enhanced signal. According to the reinforced signal obtained by the fault detection device 3, the frequency of the corresponding strengthened signal is measured, and the detector can determine the faulty high-voltage line among the A-phase high-voltage line, B-phase high-voltage line, and C-phase high-voltage line based on the frequency of the strengthened signal.
  • the fault detection device 3 will receive the A-phase enhanced signal, the B-phase enhanced signal and the C-phase enhanced signal.
  • the frequencies of the A-phase reinforced signal and the C-phase reinforced signal are within the fault frequency range, and the frequency of the B-phase reinforced signal is not within the fault frequency range.
  • Detectors can clearly determine that the A-phase high-voltage line and the C-phase high-voltage line are faulty through the frequencies of the A-phase strengthened signal, B-phase strengthened signal and C-phase strengthened signal in the fault detection device 3.
  • the faulty high-voltage line can be clearly determined, and the fault point can be further searched and locked based on the judged faulty high-voltage line.
  • the data storage module is configured to store historical fault signal data received by the fault detection device 3 when the three-phase high-voltage line fails. Detectors can store the historical fault signal data received by the fault detection device 3 when a fault occurs on the three-phase high-voltage line, and can call up the historical fault signal data at any time as a reference to determine the possible location of the fault point and the three-phase high-voltage line. health status.
  • multiple fault detection sensors 1 can be connected to the three-phase high-voltage line.
  • there are three fault detection sensors 1 connected to the three-phase high-voltage line which are the first fault sensor, the second fault sensor and the third fault sensor. Because the fault point is located on the C-phase high-voltage line, close to the second fault sensor, when the first fault sensor, the second fault sensor and the third fault sensor send the corresponding first C-phase strengthened signal, the second C-phase strengthened signal and the third When the C phase strengthens the signal, the frequency of the second C phase strengthened signal will be significantly greater than the first C phase strengthened signal and the third C phase strengthened signal, indicating that the fault point is located relatively close to the second fault sensor.
  • the detection personnel can use the above information , further determine the fault point location near the second fault sensor.
  • the fault interval section where the fault point is located on the faulty high-voltage line can be determined more quickly, layer by layer. The location of the locked fault point.
  • this application provides a fault finding method based on split-phase switches, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the method includes:
  • S1 Acquire the pulse signals of the A-phase high-voltage line, the B-phase high-voltage line and the C-phase high-voltage line when the split-phase switch 2 is turned on, and obtain the A-phase pulse signal, B-phase pulse signal and C-phase pulse signal.
  • the split-phase switch 2 When the split-phase switch 2 is turned on, the A-phase high-voltage line, the B-phase high-voltage line and the C-phase high-voltage line among the three-phase high-voltage lines will respectively send out pulse signals.
  • the fault detection sensor 1 obtains the A-phase pulse signal, the B-phase pulse signal and the C phase pulse signal.
  • Step S2 Amplify the A-phase pulse signal, the B-phase pulse signal and the C-phase pulse signal to obtain the A-phase enhanced signal, the B-phase enhanced signal and the C-phase enhanced signal.
  • Step S2 is executed by the fault detection sensor 1, which amplifies the A-phase pulse signal, B-phase pulse signal and C-phase pulse signal in equal proportions.
  • S3 From the A-phase enhanced signal, the B-phase enhanced signal and the C-phase enhanced signal, screen the fault enhanced signals with frequencies within the fault frequency range, and determine the relationship between the fault point and the fault frequency based on the frequency of the fault enhanced signal. Describe the fault distance of fault detection sensor 1.
  • a fault occurs in a three-phase high-voltage line, among the phase A reinforced signal, phase B reinforced signal and phase C reinforced signal, there must be a fault reinforced signal with a signal frequency within the fault frequency range.
  • the high voltage line corresponding to this fault reinforced signal That is, there is a faulty high-voltage line with a fault point.
  • the fault frequency range is 40kHz-20MHz.
  • the inspector can use this information to judge that there is a fault point in the A-phase high-voltage line. Only the A-phase high-voltage line is further inspected and repaired, and there is no need to inspect the B-phase high-voltage line and C-phase high-voltage line, which reduces the time for inspection personnel to determine the faulty high-voltage line and improves work efficiency.
  • the fault distance between the fault point and the fault detection sensor 1 can also be determined based on the frequency of the fault enhancement signal. The greater the frequency of the fault enhancement signal, the closer the fault distance between the fault point and the fault detection sensor 1 is.
  • S4 Determine the location of the fault point based on the fault distance, and generate fault location information.
  • the step of determining the location of the fault point includes:
  • S401 Determine the first imaginary fault point and the second imaginary fault point whose distance from the fault detection sensor 1 in the direction of the three-phase high-voltage line is the fault distance; the first imaginary fault point and the second imaginary fault point are located at the Fault detection sensor 1 on both sides. After the fault distance is determined, because the fault detection sensor 1 is connected to the three-phase high-voltage line, there are a first imaginary fault point and a second imaginary fault point on both sides of the fault detection sensor 1 at a distance equal to the fault distance. Among the first imaginary fault point and the second imaginary fault point, one of the imaginary fault points may fail, or both imaginary fault points may fail at the same time.
  • S402 Obtain the first pulse signal of the first imaginary fault point and the second pulse signal of the second imaginary fault point.
  • the fault detection device 3 acquires the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • S403 Compare the frequencies of the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal, and determine the fault point based on the comparison result. Determine whether the frequency of the first pulse signal and the frequency of the second pulse signal are within the fault frequency range. If they exist, it means that the corresponding imaginary fault point has a fault and is determined to be the fault point. If the frequency of the first pulse signal and the frequency of the second pulse signal are both within the fault frequency range, it means that both the two imaginary fault points are faulty, and the two fault points are determined. If neither the first pulse signal nor the second pulse signal is within the fault frequency range, the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal can be amplified in equal proportions to obtain the first enhanced signal and the second enhanced signal, and then the fault frequency range can be compared again. Compared.
  • the method further includes:
  • S501 Obtain the current value of the three-phase high-voltage line, and determine the amplification range of the A-phase pulse signal, B-phase pulse signal and C-phase pulse signal based on the current value.
  • the amplification range of the A-phase pulse signal, B-phase pulse signal and C-phase pulse signal needs to be determined according to the current value of the three-phase high-voltage line.
  • the current value is small and the amplification degree of the pulse signal of the three-phase high-voltage line is also small, the frequency of the enhanced signal of the three-phase high-voltage line received by the fault detection device 3 may not be within the fault frequency range.
  • the detector may judge the three-phase high-voltage line based on the detection results. There was no fault, but there was actually a fault in the three-phase high-voltage line. The fault was not eliminated in time, which could easily lead to safety hazards.
  • the amplification range of the A-phase pulse signal, B-phase pulse signal and C-phase pulse signal is determined by the current value, ensuring that the amplified A-phase enhanced signal, B-phase enhanced signal and C-phase enhanced signal are amplified in proportion to the current value.
  • the enhanced signal can more accurately reflect the signal strength changes at the fault point.
  • step S501 the method also includes:
  • S502 Find fault types that meet the amplification range and generate fault type information.
  • the pulse signal emitted by the three-phase high-voltage line is weak. Therefore, the fault type that meets the corresponding range can be found by determining the amplification range of the pulse signal.
  • the frequency of the pulse signal sent out is larger, so the faulty high-voltage line can be detected by amplifying a smaller range. And based on this amplification range, it is judged that an incomplete ground fault may occur on the three-phase high-voltage line, and fault type information of the incomplete ground fault is generated.
  • S503 Send fault information to the fault detection device 3; the fault information includes the fault type information and the fault location information.
  • the fault detection device 3 determines the fault point location and fault type based on the fault type information and fault location information. By amplifying the range of the three-phase high-voltage line, it narrows the range of possible fault types, reduces the time to determine the fault type, and improves detection efficiency.
  • the method further includes:
  • S601 Obtain the environmental information of the three-phase high-voltage line, and generate a hazard level signal according to the environmental information; the environmental information includes: air humidity information, air temperature information and line density. The higher the danger level signal of the three-phase high-voltage line, the higher the possibility of failure of the three-phase high-voltage line.
  • the environmental information of the A-phase high-voltage line, the B-phase high-voltage line, and the C-phase high-voltage line can be obtained respectively, and the danger level signal of the A-phase high-voltage line, the danger level signal of the B-phase high-voltage line, and the danger level signal of the C-phase high-voltage line can be obtained, and the danger level signal of the phase C high-voltage line can be obtained according to the corresponding
  • the hazard level signal is used to determine the possibility of failure of the A-phase high-voltage line, B-phase high-voltage line, and C-phase high-voltage line.
  • the environmental information of the line section of one of the three-phase high-voltage lines can also be determined, and a corresponding hazard level signal can be generated. For example, divide the A-phase high-voltage line into two sections, X and Y, obtain the environmental information of the The hazard level signal of the Y section determines the line section in the A-phase high-voltage line with a high probability of failure.
  • S602 Preliminarily determine the predicted range of the fault point based on the hazard level signal.
  • the prediction range is the range with higher hazard level signal. The higher the hazard level, the higher the possibility of failure in the corresponding range.
  • step S603 After determining the location of the fault point, determine whether the location of the fault point is within the predicted range. After determining the location of the fault point, check whether the location of the fault point is within the predicted range of the fault point in step S602. If it is within the predicted range of the fault point, record the fault type and location of the fault point. When a similar fault occurs again, prioritize Detection of high-voltage lines within the predicted range of fault points.
  • this application provides a fault finding system based on a split-phase switch.
  • the fault detection sensor acquires the pulse signal of the three-phase high-voltage line in the connected state, and amplifies the pulse signal into an enhanced signal to pass through.
  • the fault detection sensor emits electromagnetic waves. After the fault detection device receives the enhanced signal, it determines the location of the fault point in the three-phase high-voltage line based on the enhanced signal. By amplifying the pulse signal, it is easier to detect the pulse signal emitted by the fault point, lock the fault point simply and quickly, and determine the fault type, which greatly shortens the detection time and improves work efficiency.
  • this application provides a fault finding method based on a split-phase switch, by acquiring the pulse signals of the A-phase high-voltage line, the B-phase high-voltage line, and the C-phase high-voltage line among the three-phase high-voltage lines, and amplifying them to obtain the A-phase enhanced signal, the B-phase high-voltage line, and the B-phase high-voltage line. Enhance the signal, C-phase enhancement signal, and screen the fault enhancement signal whose frequency is within the fault frequency range to determine the faulty high-voltage line and further determine the location of the fault point.
  • This method can determine the location of the fault point when multiple faults occur on multiple lines, as well as determine the type of the fault point, and send the fault point location information and fault point type information to the fault detection device at the same time, making it easier for detection personnel to detect faults faster and more accurately. Determine the location and type of fault points to shorten detection time.

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Abstract

一种基于分相开关（2）的故障查找系统，因配电网故障后，需要电源去检测故障，采用在配电网中使用分相开关（2）提供检测故障的电源，解决故障后需要外接电源去判断检测和定位故障的难题，当故障发生后，分别依次合上分相开关（2）的A相、B相、C相开关，利用故障相会产生脉冲信号，非故障相不会产生脉冲信号进行故障定位，根据零序电压变化情况判断接地故障，故障点的三相合成零序电压最高。可判断线路出现多处故障时的故障点位置，以及判断故障点的类型，将故障点位置信息和故障点类型信息同时发送至故障检测装置（3），便于检测人员更快、更精准地确定故障点位置和类型。

Description

一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法
本申请要求在2022年5月17日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210540745.1、发明名称为“一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及配电网故障检测及定位领域，尤其涉及一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法。
背景技术
配电网中最常见的故障是单相接地故障，若接地故障未被及时排除，长时间在故障状态下继续带电运行会造成故障事态的进一步扩大，极可能由单相接地故障演变为相间短路故障，从而引发电力安全事故。因此，如何研究配电网故障技术以快速定位故障发生点，对于配电网的安全可靠运行意义重大。
现有技术中，对于配电网的故障定位通常采用配电自动化的方式进行，对配电网执行故障查找时通常采用的设备是绝缘摇表。
然而，在配电自动化故障定位技术的实际应用中，要求必须找出故障的根源，才能有效地保证整个配电网的可靠性和安全性。采用配电自动化的方式仅能将故障锁定在一段距离内，不能给出准确故障点；同时，由于绝缘摇表本身容量较小，其仅能适用于长度较短、配电变压器数量较少的线路，当面临线路长度较长、线路复杂等技术场景时，很难在短时间内快速且准确锁定故障点，不仅严重影响供电可靠性，还给运行维护人员造成了极大的工作负担。
发明内容
为了解决现有故障检测及定位技术在对于线路长度较长、线路复杂的技术场景时，难以在短时间内快速且准确的锁定故障点位置，本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统，所述系统包括：
故障检测传感器，所述故障检测传感器的一端连接三相高压线，另一端接地，被配置为获取所述三相高压线发出的脉冲信号，并发射加强信号至故障检测装置；所述 加强信号为放大后的所述脉冲信号；所述三相高压线包括：A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线。
分相开关，连接于所述三相高压线上，被配置为控制所述三相高压线的通断；所述分相开关包括第一开关、第二开关和第三开关；所述第一开关控制A相高压线的通断，所述第二开关控制B相高压线的通断，所述第三开关控制C相高压线的通断。
故障检测装置，被配置为接收所述加强信号，并根据所述加强信号确定故障点位置，并发出报警信号。
采用本实施方式，接通分相开关时，三相高压线中会发出脉冲信号，故障检测传感器会获取此脉冲信号，并将脉冲信号放大，再发送至故障检测装置，故障检测装置获取到放大后的加强信号，并根据加强信号判断故障点位置，可以在短时间内准确地锁定故障点位置，加快检测人员处理故障的效率。
进一步的，所述故障检测传感器为三相传感器，所述故障检测传感器的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线相并联，并与测量阻抗相串联；所述测量阻抗被配置为测量三相高压线发出的零序电压。
所述故障检测传感器的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线上分别设置有耦合电容；所述A相接线与所述A相高压线相连，所述B相接线与所述B相高压线相连，所述C相接线与所述C相高压线相连；所述故障检测传感器设有信号发射天线；所述信号发射天线被配置为向所述故障检测装置发射所述零序电压。
进一步的，所述故障检测传感器为三相传感器，所述故障检测传感器的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线包括一个相互并联的耦合电容以及和相并联的耦合电容串联的测量阻抗，所述A相接线与所述A相高压线相连，所述B相接线与所述B相高压线相连，所述C相接线与所述C相高压线相连；所述故障检测传感器设有信号发射天线，所述信号发射天线被配置为向所述故障检测装置发射所述加强信号；所述耦合电容和所述测量阻抗被配置为将所述脉冲电压信号放大为所述加强信号和测量工频零序电压。
进一步的，所述系统还包括：
环境探测装置，被配置为实时探测三相高压线的环境信息，并根据所述环境信息生成危险等级信号，并将所述危险等级信号发送至所述故障检测装置；所述环境信息包括:空气湿度信息、空气温度信息和线路密度。
报警装置，与所述故障检测装置电连接，被配置根据所述报警信号发出警报。
采用本实施方式，检测人员通过获取三相高压线的环境信息，根据三相高压线附近的空气湿度、空气温度等信息，判断三相高压线的危险等级信号，检测人员可通过危险等级信号，对此次故障的危险程度进行初步判断，避免检测人员在检测过程中发生安全危险。
进一步的，所述分相开关上设置有电流表，被配置为实时监测所述三相高压线的电流值。
所述电流表上设置有故障电流测量装置，所述故障电流测量装置被配置为当电流值超过预设范围时，获取所述三相高压线的故障电流值，发送所述故障电流值至所述故障检测装置。
进一步的，所述故障检测装置还包括：
频率测量模块，被配置为测量所述加强信号的频率。
数据存储模块，被配置为存储所述三相高压线出现故障时所述故障检测装置接收的历史故障信号数据。
采用本实施方式，可将三相高压线出现故障时，故障检测装置接收到的历史故障信号数据进行存储，并可随时调出历史故障信号数据作为参照，判断故障点可能出现的位置，以及判断三相高压线的健康状况。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法，所述方法包括：
获取分相开关接通状态下的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线的脉冲信号，得到为A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号。
放大所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号，得到A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号。
从所述A相加强信号、所述B相加强信号和所述C相加强信号中，筛选频率在故障频率范围内的故障加强信号，根据所述故障加强信号的频率确定故障点与所述故障检测传感器的故障距离。
根据故障距离，确定所述故障点位置，生成故障位置信息。
进一步的，所述根据故障距离，确定故障点位置的步骤包括：
确定三相高压线方向上与所述故障检测传感器之间距离为所述故障距离的第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点；所述第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点位于所述故障检测传感器的两侧。
获取所述第一假想故障点的第一脉冲信号和所述第二假想故障点的第二脉冲信号。
对比所述第一脉冲信号和所述第二脉冲信号的频率，根据对比结果确定所述故障点。
进一步的，所述放大所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号的步骤前，所述方法还包括：获取三相高压线的电流值，根据所述电流值，确定所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号的放大范围。
采用本实施方式，通过电流值来确定所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号的放大范围，保证经放大后的所述A相加强信号、所述B相加强信号和所述C相加强信号与电流值等比例关系放大，使加强信号能更加准确地反映出故障点的信号强度变化。
更进一步的，所述方法还包括：
查找符合所述放大范围的故障类型，生成故障类型信息。
发送故障信息至所述故障检测装置；所述故障信息包括所述故障类型信息和所述故障位置信息。
进一步的，所述获取分相开关接通状态下的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线的脉冲信号的步骤前，所述方法还包括：
获取三相高压线的环境信息，根据所述环境信息生成危险等级信号；所述环境信息包括：空气湿度信息、空气温度信息和线路密度。
根据所述危险等级信号初步判断所述故障点的预测范围。
在确定所述故障点位置后，判断所述故障点位置是否位于与所述预测范围内。
本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法，第一方面，一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统，包括：故障检测传感器、分相开关、故障检测装置。故障检测传感器获取三相高压线发出的脉冲信号，并将微弱的脉冲信号放大为加强信号至故障检测装置，故障检测装置接收到加强信号后，根据加强信号确定故障点位置；分相开关控制三相高压线的通断。第二方面，一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法，获取分相开关接通状态下的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线的脉冲信号，并将A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号放大得到A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号，筛选出符合故障频率范围的故障加强信号，并根据故障加强信号的频率确定 故障点与故障传感器的故障距离，进一步确定故障点位置。本申请通过将三相高压线出现故障时发出的微弱的脉冲信号放大，得到加强信号并发送至故障检测装置，更容易捕捉三相高压线出现故障时的脉冲信号。根据筛选加强信号的频率，确定故障高压线路和故障距离，能准确、快速的定位故障点位置，便于检测人员及时解决故障点的问题。
附图说明
图1为一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统的第一种实施例示意图；
图2为一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统的第二种实施例示意图；
图3为一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统所测A相高压线和C相高压线出现故障的示意图；
图4为一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统的第三种实施例示意图；
图5为一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法的第一种实施例示意图；
图6为一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法的第二种实施例示意图；
图7为一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法的第三种实施例示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了解决现有故障检测及定位技术在对于线路长度较长、线路复杂的技术场景时，难以在短时间内快速且准确地锁定故障点位置的问题，第一方面，本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统。
参见图1，所述系统包括：
故障检测传感器1，所述故障检测传感器1的一端连接三相高压线，另一端接地，被配置为获取所述三相高压线发出的脉冲信号，并发射加强信号至故障检测装置3；所述加强信号为放大后的所述脉冲信号；所述三相高压线包括：A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线。其中获取三相高压线发出的脉冲信号包括，获取A相脉冲信号、获取B相脉冲信号和获取C相脉冲信号。
分相开关2，连接于所述三相高压线上，被配置为控制所述三相高压线的通断； 所述分相开关2包括第一开关、第二开关和第三开关；所述第一开关控制A相高压线的通断，所述第二开关控制B相高压线的通断，所述第三开关控制C相高压线的通断。
故障检测装置3，被配置为接收所述加强信号，并根据所述加强信号确定故障点位置，并发出报警信号。
进一步的，所述故障检测传感器1为三相传感器，所述故障检测传感器1的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线相并联，并与测量阻抗12相串联；所述测量阻抗12被配置为测量三相高压线发出的零序电压。
在分相开关2接通状态下，在三相高压线出现故障时，三相高压线的故障点会瞬间产生微弱的脉冲信号。故障检测传感器1连接在三相高压线上，持续监测三相高压线，随时对三相高压线发出的脉冲信号进行捕捉，一旦故障检测传感器1捕捉到脉冲信号，就会通过耦合电容11和测量阻抗12串联所组成的谐振电路将脉冲信号进行放大，得到加强信号，再通过故障检测传感器1中的信号发射天线13将加强信号以电磁波的形式发射，更便于故障检测装置3捕捉并接收加强信号。
需要说明的是，信号发射天线13连接于故障检测传感器1的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线，故障检测传感器1通过A相接口获取的A相脉冲信号、通过B相接口获取的B相脉冲信号和通过C相接口获取的C相脉冲信号。A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号经过放大后的A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号均通过信号发射天线13发射。
所述故障检测传感器1的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线上分别设置有耦合电容11；所述A相接线与所述A相高压线相连，所述B相接线与所述B相高压线相连，所述C相接线与所述C相高压线相连；所述故障检测传感器1设有信号发射天线13。所述信号发射天线13被配置为向所述故障检测装置3发射所述零序电压。所述零序电压可以为脉冲信号。
当接通第一开关，断开第二开关和第三开关时，故障检测传感器1获取A相零序电压分布U A0；当接通第二开关，断开第一开关和第三开关时，故障检测传感器1获取B相零序电压分布U B0；当接通第三开关时，断开第一开关和第二开关时，故障检测传感器1获取A相零序电压分布U C0。
在一些实施例中，三相高压线上可连接多个故障检测传感器1。A相高压线如分布有n个故障检测传感器1，每个故障检测传感器1的零序电压为U A0i；B相高压线如分 布有n个故障检测传感器1，每个故障检测传感器1的零序电压为U B0i；C相高压线如分布有n个故障检测传感器1，每个故障检测传感器1的零序电压为U C0i，i为1～n。
A、B、C相传感器零序电压和函数为
Figure PCTCN2022131942-appb-000001
当
Figure PCTCN2022131942-appb-000002
约等于零时，表明线路无接地故障；当
Figure PCTCN2022131942-appb-000003
不为零时，先通过零序电流的获取情况判断故障相。例如，当测量阻抗12能够获取到A相的零序电压U A0时，说明A相高压线出现了接地故障，再通过将A相高压线每个故障检测传感器1的零序电压为U A0i带入
Figure PCTCN2022131942-appb-000004
中，当
Figure PCTCN2022131942-appb-000005
最大时，说明A相高压线的第i个传感器旁发生了接地故障，进而确定故障点位置。
进一步的，如果测量阻抗12能够获取到A相高压线的零序电压U A0时，也能够获取到B相高压线的零序电压为U B0i时，说明A相高压线和B相高压线同时出现了接地故障，相应故障点位置的判断方法与上述步骤相同，在此不做重复阐述。A、B、C三相高压线同时出现故障时，测量阻抗12能够同时获取到A相高压线的零序电压U A0，B相高压线的零序电压U B0i和C相高压线的零序电压U C0i，相应故障点位置的判断方法与上述步骤相同，在此不做重复阐述。
在一些实施例中，如图2，所述系统还包括：
环境探测装置4，被配置为实时探测三相高压线的环境信息，并根据所述环境信息生成危险等级信号，并将所述危险等级信号发送至所述故障检测装置3；所述环境信息包括:空气湿度信息、空气温度信息和线路密度。
报警装置5，与所述故障检测装置3电连接，被配置根据所述报警信号发出警报。当确定故障点位置后，报警装置5发出警报，提示检测人员已经确定故障点位置，便于检测人员对三相高压线的故障点进行维修或其他处理。
参见图2，环境探测装置4外接于三相高压线外，探测三相高压线附近的环境信息，例如空气湿度信息、空气温度信息和线路密度。当空气潮湿，空气湿度大时，三相高压线在空气湿度大的区间段内更容易出现故障，例如漏电、导电等。当空气温度过高，可能会造成三相高压线内部熔断，导致线路断路等问题。当三相高压线之间或之外的线路较为密集，可能出现线路导电、发热造成的断路等故障。对于后续的检测维修等工作造成极大的难度。
检测人员通过获取三相高压线的环境信息，根据三相高压线附近的空气湿度、空气温度等信息，判断三相高压线的危险等级信号，并将危险信号发送至故障检测装置 3，检测人员可通过危险等级信号，对此次故障的危险程度进行初步判断，避免检测人员发生以上故障所造成的安全危险。
在一些实施例中，所述分相开关2上设置有电流表，被配置为实时监测所述三相高压线的电流值。
所述电流表上设置有故障电流测量装置，所述故障电流测量装置被配置为当电流值超过预设范围时，获取所述三相高压线的故障电流值，发送所述故障电流值至所述故障检测装置3。
分相开关2上的电流表会实时监测三相高压线的电流变化，当三相高压线的电流变化超过预设范围时，说明三相高压线中的一条或多条线路出现故障。故障电流测量装置会获取此时刻的三相高压线的故障电流值，并将故障电流值发送至故障检测装置3，便于检测人员查看故障电流值，并与正常工作状态下的三相高压线的电流值进行对比，初步判断可能出现的故障类型。
在一种实施例中，所述故障检测装置3还包括：
频率测量模块，被配置为测量所述加强信号的频率。根据故障检测装置3所获取的加强信号，测量出相应加强信号的频率，检测人员可根据加强信号的频率判断A相高压线、B相高压线、C相高压线中出现故障的高压线路。
如图3所示，此时，故障检测装置3会接收到A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号。在A相高压线和C相高压线出现故障的情况下，A相加强信号和C相加强信号的频率是在故障频率范围内的，B相加强信号的频率不在故障频率范围内。检测人员通过故障检测装置3中的A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号的频率可清晰地判断出A相高压线和C相高压线出现故障。采用本实施方式，对于三相高压线中至少两条高压线路出现故障时，能够清楚地判断出发生故障的高压线路，并根据所判断的故障高压线路，对故障点做进一步查找锁定。
数据存储模块，被配置为存储所述三相高压线出现故障时所述故障检测装置3接收的历史故障信号数据。检测人员可将三相高压线出现故障时，故障检测装置3接收到的历史故障信号数据进行存储，并可随时调出历史故障信号数据作为参照，判断故障点可能出现的位置，以及判断三相高压线的健康状况。
在一种实施例中，三相高压线上可连接多个故障检测传感器1。参见图4，三相高压线上连接有三个故障检测传感器1，分别为第一故障传感器、第二故障传感器和第 三故障传感器。因为故障点位于C相高压线，靠近第二故障传感器处，所以当第一故障传感器、第二故障传感器和第三故障传感器发送对应的第一C相加强信号、第二C相加强信号和第三C相加强信号时，第二C相加强信号的频率会明显大于第一C相加强信号和第三C相加强信号，说明故障点位于第二故障传感器的位置较为接近，检测人员可通过以上信息，在第二故障传感器的附近进一步确定故障点位置。通过以上实施方式，通过设立多个故障检测传感器1，对三相高压线分段进行检测，在确定故障高压线路时，可以更快确定出故障点位于故障高压线路上的故障区间段，逐层递进的锁定故障点位置。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法，如图5所示，所述方法包括：
S1：获取分相开关2接通状态下的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线的脉冲信号，得到为A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号。在分相开关2接通状态下，三相高压线中的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线会分别发出脉冲信号，其中，由故障检测传感器1获取A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号。
S2：放大所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号，得到A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号。S2步骤由故障检测传感器1所执行，等比例放大A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号。
S3：从所述A相加强信号、所述B相加强信号和所述C相加强信号中，筛选频率在故障频率范围内的故障加强信号，根据所述故障加强信号的频率确定故障点与所述故障检测传感器1的故障距离。当三相高压线中出现故障时，在A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号中，一定存在信号频率在故障频率范围内的故障加强信号，此故障加强信号所对应的高压线路，即为存在故障点的故障高压线路。
例如，在一些实施例中，故障频率范围为40kHz-20MHz。在筛选A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号时，仅有A相加强信号的频率在40kHz-20MHz范围内，那么检测人员可通过此信息，判断A相高压线存在故障点，可仅针对A相高压线进行进一步检测和维修，不必再对B相高压线和C相高压线进行检测，减少检测人员确定故障高压线路的时间，提高工作效率。
S3步骤中，还可以根据故障加强信号的频率确定故障点与故障检测传感器1的故障距离，故障加强信号的频率越大，说明故障点与故障检测传感器1的故障距离越近。
S4：根据故障距离，确定所述故障点位置，生成故障位置信息。
如图6所示，在一些实施例中，根据故障距离，确定故障点位置的步骤包括：
S401：确定三相高压线方向上与故障检测传感器1之间距离为所述故障距离的第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点；所述第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点位于所述故障检测传感器1的两侧。当确定故障距离后，因为故障检测传感器1连接于三相高压线上，所以在故障检测传感器1的两侧，距离为故障距离的位置存在第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点。第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点中，可能出现其中一个假想故障点出现故障，也可能出现两个假想故障点同时发生故障。
S402：获取所述第一假想故障点的第一脉冲信号和所述第二假想故障点的第二脉冲信号。故障检测装置3获取以电磁波形式发出的第一脉冲信号和第二脉冲信号。
S403：对比所述第一脉冲信号和所述第二脉冲信号的频率，根据对比结果确定所述故障点。判断第一脉冲信号的频率和第二脉冲信号的频率是否在故障频率范围内，如果存在，即说明对应的假想故障点出现故障，确定为故障点。如果第一脉冲信号的频率和第二脉冲信号的频率都在故障频率范围内，即说明两个假想故障点均出现故障，确定两个故障点。如果第一脉冲信号和第二脉冲信号均不在故障频率范围内，可将第一脉冲信号和第二脉冲信号进行等比例放大得到第一加强信号和第二加强信号，再重新与故障频率范围进行对比。
进一步的，在一些实施例中，在S1和S2的步骤之间，所述方法还包括：
S501:获取三相高压线的电流值，根据所述电流值，确定A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号的放大范围。
A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号的放大范围需要根据三相高压线的电流值确定。当电流值较小，三相高压线的脉冲信号放大程度也较小时，故障检测装置3所接收的三相高压线的加强信号的频率可能不在故障频率范围内，检测人员根据检测结果可能判断三相高压线没有出现故障，但实际三相高压线中是存在故障的，故障没有及时排除，进而容易引发安全隐患。
通过电流值来确定A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号的放大范围，保证经放大后的A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号与电流值等比例关系放大，使加强信号能更加准确地反映出故障点的信号强度变化。
更进一步的，在S501的步骤之后，所述方法还包括：
S502：查找符合所述放大范围的故障类型，生成故障类型信息。
在故障发生时，三相高压线发出的脉冲信号是微弱的。因此，可以通过确定脉冲信号的放大范围来查找符合对应范围的故障类型。
例如，当故障高压线路的电压暂时升高，所发出的脉冲信号频率较大，因此放大较小的范围即可检测出故障高压线路。并根据此放大范围，判断三相高压线可能发生不完全接地故障，并生成不完全接地故障的故障类型信息。
S503：发送故障信息至所述故障检测装置3；所述故障信息包括所述故障类型信息和所述故障位置信息。故障检测装置3根据故障类型信息和故障位置信息确定故障点位置和故障类型，通过对三相高压线的放大范围，缩小可能发生的故障类型的范围，减少判断故障类型的时间，提高检测效率。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，所述获取分相开关接通状态下的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线的脉冲信号的步骤前，所述方法还包括：
S601：获取三相高压线的环境信息，根据所述环境信息生成危险等级信号；所述环境信息包括:空气湿度信息、空气温度信息和线路密度。三相高压线的危险等级信号较高，说明该三相高压线出现故障的可能性越高。
在一些实施例中，还可以分别获取A相高压线、B相高压线、C相高压线的环境信息，得到A相高压线危险等级信号、B相高压线危险等级信号和C相高压线危险等级信号，并根据相应的危险等级信号，判断A相高压线、B相高压线、C相高压线出现故障的可能性。
在一些实施例中，还可以判断三相高压线其中一条高压线的线路区间段的环境信息，并生成对应的危险等级信号。例如，将A相高压线分为X、Y两段，获取X段的环境信息，生成X段危险等级信号；获取Y段的环境信息，生成Y段危险等级信号，通过对比X段危险等级信号和Y段危险等级信号得出A相高压线中出现故障可能性大的线路区间段。
S602：根据所述危险等级信号初步判断所述故障点的预测范围。预测范围为危险等级信号较高的范围，危险等级越高，说明所对应的范围出现故障的可能性越高。
S603：在确定所述故障点位置后，判断所述故障点位置是否位于与所述预测范围内。在确定故障点位置后，检验故障点位置是否在S602步骤中的故障点的预测范围内，如果在故障点的预测范围内，记录故障点的故障类型和位置，当再次发生相似的故障，优先检测故障点的预测范围的高压线路。
由以上技术方案可知，第一方面，本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统，故障检测传感器获取接通状态下的三相高压线的脉冲信号，并将脉冲信号放大为加强信号通过故障检测传感器以电磁波形式发射，故障检测装置接收到加强信号后，根据加强信号确定故障点在三相高压线中的位置。通过放大脉冲信号的方式，更容易检测出故障点发出的脉冲信号，简单、快速地锁定故障点，并判断故障类型，极大缩短了检测时间，提高了工作效率。第二方面，本申请提供了一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法，通过获取三相高压线中A相高压线、B相高压线、C相高压线的脉冲信号，并放大得到A相加强信号、B相加强信号、C相加强信号，筛选频率在故障频率范围内的故障加强信号，来确定故障高压线路，并进一步确定故障点位置。本方法可判断多条线路出现多处故障时的故障点位置，以及判断故障点的类型，将故障点位置信息和故障点类型信息同时发送至故障检测装置，便于检测人员更快、更精准地确定故障点位置和类型，缩短检测时间。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：
    故障检测传感器，所述故障检测传感器的一端连接三相高压线，另一端接地，被配置为获取所述三相高压线发出的脉冲信号，并发射加强信号至故障检测装置；所述加强信号为放大后的所述脉冲信号；所述三相高压线包括：A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线；
    分相开关，连接于所述三相高压线上，被配置为控制所述三相高压线的通断；所述分相开关包括第一开关、第二开关和第三开关；所述第一开关控制A相高压线的通断，所述第二开关控制B相高压线的通断，所述第三开关控制C相高压线的通断；
    故障检测装置，被配置为接收所述加强信号，并根据所述加强信号确定故障点位置，并发出报警信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于分相开关的故障查找系统，其特征在于，所述故障检测传感器为三相传感器，所述故障检测传感器的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线相并联，并与测量阻抗相串联；所述测量阻抗被配置为测量三相高压线发出的脉冲零序电压和工频零序电压；
    所述故障检测传感器的A相接线、B相接线、C相接线上分别设置有耦合电容；所述A相接线与所述A相高压线相连，所述B相接线与所述B相高压线相连，所述C相接线与所述C相高压线相连；所述故障检测传感器设有信号发射天线；所述信号发射天线被配置为向所述故障检测装置发射所述脉冲零序电压和工频零序电压。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于分相开关的故障查找系统，其特征在于，所述系统还包括：
    环境探测装置，被配置为实时探测所述三相高压线的环境信息，并根据所述环境信息生成危险等级信号，并将所述危险等级信号发送至所述故障检测装置；所述环境信息包括:空气湿度信息、空气温度信息和线路密度；
    报警装置，与所述故障检测装置电连接，被配置根据所述报警信号发出警报。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于分相开关的故障查找系统，其特征在于，所述分相开关上设置有电流表，被配置为实时监测所述三相高压线的电流值；
    所述电流表上设置有故障电流测量装置，所述故障电流测量装置被配置为当电流值超过预设范围时，获取所述三相高压线的故障电流值，发送所述故障电流值至所述故障检测装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于分相开关的故障查找系统，其特征在于，所述故障检测装置还包括：
    频率测量模块，被配置为测量所述加强信号的频率；
    数据存储模块，被配置为存储所述三相高压线出现故障时所述故障检测装置接收的历史故障信号数据。
  6. 一种基于分相开关的故障查找方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    获取分相开关接通状态下的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线的脉冲信号，得到为A相脉冲信号、B相脉冲信号和C相脉冲信号；
    放大所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号，得到A相加强信号、B相加强信号和C相加强信号；
    从所述A相加强信号、所述B相加强信号和所述C相加强信号中，筛选频率在故障频率范围内的故障加强信号，根据所述故障加强信号的频率确定故障点与故障检测传感器的故障距离；
    根据所述故障距离，确定所述故障点位置，生成故障位置信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于分相开关的故障查找方法，其特征在于，所述根据故障距离，确定故障点位置的步骤包括：
    确定三相高压线方向上与所述故障检测传感器之间距离为所述故障距离的第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点；所述第一假想故障点和第二假想故障点位于所述故障检测传感器的两侧；
    获取所述第一假想故障点的第一脉冲信号和所述第二假想故障点的第二脉冲信号；
    对比所述第一脉冲信号和所述第二脉冲信号的频率，根据对比结果确定所述故障点。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的基于分相开关的故障查找方法，其特征在于，所述放大所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号的步骤前，所述方法还包括：获取三相高压线的电流值，根据所述电流值，确定所述A相脉冲信号、所述B相脉冲信号和所述C相脉冲信号的放大范围。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的基于分相开关的故障查找方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    查找符合所述放大范围的故障类型，生成故障类型信息；
    发送故障信息至故障检测装置；所述故障信息包括所述故障类型信息和所述故障位置 信息。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的基于分相开关的故障查找方法，其特征在于，所述获取分相开关接通状态下的A相高压线、B相高压线和C相高压线的脉冲信号的步骤前，所述方法还包括：
    获取三相高压线的环境信息，根据所述环境信息生成危险等级信号；所述环境信息包括:空气湿度信息、空气温度信息和线路密度；
    根据所述危险等级信号初步判断所述故障点的预测范围；
    在确定所述故障点位置后，判断所述故障点位置是否位于与所述预测范围内。
PCT/CN2022/131942 2022-05-17 2022-11-15 一种基于分相开关的故障查找系统及方法 WO2023221428A1 (zh)

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