WO2023218422A1 - Système et procédé de protection d'une charge contre les surtensions dans un récepteur d'énergie sans fil - Google Patents

Système et procédé de protection d'une charge contre les surtensions dans un récepteur d'énergie sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023218422A1
WO2023218422A1 PCT/IB2023/054939 IB2023054939W WO2023218422A1 WO 2023218422 A1 WO2023218422 A1 WO 2023218422A1 IB 2023054939 W IB2023054939 W IB 2023054939W WO 2023218422 A1 WO2023218422 A1 WO 2023218422A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
load
value
current
variable resistor
load current
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Application number
PCT/IB2023/054939
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English (en)
Inventor
Mauro Conti
Alessandro BRIGHENTE
Original Assignee
Universita' Degli Studi Di Padova
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Publication of WO2023218422A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023218422A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems and methods for overvoltage protection in a wireless power transfer receiver.
  • the Qi protocol described in the Technical Report "The Qi Wireless Power Transfer System," Version 1.2.3, released by the Wireless Power Consortium in 2017, is currently the industry standard for Wireless Power Transfer.
  • the protocol generally stipulates that overvoltage protection must be implemented at the transmitter, while the receiver takes no action in this regard. Thus, in the event of a defect at the transmitter, overvoltages can be generated at the receiver and damage to its load.
  • the same standard also provides a solution that provides for disconnecting, by acting on a switch, the receiver load if the received voltage exceeds a predefined threshold.
  • the first class of solutions is applied to wireless charging systems that involve a receiver working in resonance with the transmitter. For these systems, it is known to act on the resonant frequency of the receiver to de-tune it from the transmitter and thus reduce the received power.
  • an overvoltage protection device for a receiver for use in resonant wireless power transmission systems is described in U.S. Patent 8,929,043.
  • the receiver includes a resonant circuit for receiving a radio signal transmitted by a transmitter.
  • the overvoltage protector acts on the resonant frequency of the receiver circuit so as to de-tune it, so as to reduce the power of the received signal, in the event of a overvoltage.
  • US 2017/256989 discloses a wireless charging circuit provided with an impedance adjustment module to the load.
  • a module may consist of a variable resistor, or a combination of resistor, capacitor, and transistor. The purpose of this module is to maintain the supply voltage Vout of the load at a desired value.
  • the invention is directed to a method for overvoltage protection of a load in a wireless transmitted power receiver.
  • the method provides for receiving an electromagnetic wave via a receiving circuit and measuring an electric load current, generated by receiving the electromagnetic wave, flowing in a load electrically connected to the receiving circuit.
  • the method provides for estimating by a predictive method at least a future value of the load current, and varying a resistance value of a variable resistor connected in series with the load, so that the voltage drop across the load, in the case of load current equal to the estimated value, does not exceed a critical threshold value.
  • the predictive method used to estimate the future value of the load current makes use of an autoregressive model, specifically an autoregressive moving average model (ARIMA).
  • ARIMA autoregressive moving average model
  • the method provides for estimating a plurality of future values of the load current, and varying the variable resistance such that the voltage drop across the load, in the case of a load current equal to any of the estimated future values of the load current, does not exceed the critical threshold value.
  • the estimation of a plurality of future values of the load current allows greater protection from overvoltage risks in case of incorrect estimation.
  • the method provides for checking whether the value of the measured load current causes a voltage drop across the load exceeding the critical threshold value, and storing in a memory area both the value of the measured load current and an exceeding information indicating whether the voltage at the load exceeds the critical threshold value. The method then provides for estimating future values of the load current based on the measurement taken, on a plurality of stored current values, and on a plurality of stored exceeding information.
  • variable resistor is varied by an iterative algorithm that provides for increasing or decreasing its resistance by a predetermined amount.
  • an algorithm attempts to reduce the variable resistance to maximize the energy transfer to the load, but avoids doing so or even provides for increasing it if future values of the estimated load current predict a risk of overvoltage if the value of the resistance is reduced.
  • the invention is directed to an overvoltage protection system and to a wireless power receiver incorporating such a system.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a system for wireless energy transfer according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a method for overvoltage protection in a receiver of a wireless power transfer system.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a flowchart of a variant of the method of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a flowchart of a further variant of the method of Figure 2.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the receiver of the system of Figure 1 according to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a variant of the circuit of Figure 5.
  • overvoltage indicates a condition in which an electrical system or part of it, such as a load, is at a voltage above a threshold value for which it was designed.
  • a system 1 for wireless energy transfer comprising a transmitter 2 and a receiver 3, is illustrated.
  • the transmitter 2 in a per se known manner, is connected to a power source 4 and emits an electromagnetic field B that is received by the receiver 3 connected to a load 5, such as a battery.
  • system 1 is of inductive type, i.e., energy transfer is accomplished by electromagnetic coupling between two coils (6 and 7) that form a transformer.
  • An alternating current is circulated in coil 6 of the transmitter, and this generates a variable electromagnetic field B that passes through coil 7 of the receiver into which a current I is induced, which, eventually rectified, supplies the load 5.
  • the system 1 for wireless energy transfer could be of another type, for example, it could be of the resonant inductive coupling type (which as known uses circuits that resonate at the same frequency to improve energy transfer) or of the capacitive type, or of another known type.
  • the receiver may thus be equipped with an antenna, winding or other receiving circuit suitable for receiving wireless energy and supplying a current intended to power a load.
  • controller 302 is configured to implement an overvoltage control method as described below with reference to Figure 2.
  • Controller 302 measures (step 2001) the current Io flowing at the load and stores the value in a memory area (step 2002).
  • Controller 302 then predicts (step 2003) at least one future value of current Ii. More preferably, controller 302 predicts a plurality of future current values, for example, future current values Ii, I2, 13 at future time instants Ti, T2, T3, with Ti ⁇ T 2 ⁇ T 3 .
  • the prediction can be made by any predictive method per se known, such as by the use of an autoregressive model, specifically an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, which, based on the current measured current value Io and based on historical current values (e.g., Ii, I2, 13) previously measured by the controller 302 and stored in the aforementioned memory area, estimates future current values Ii, I 2 , 13.
  • an autoregressive model specifically an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model
  • ARIMA autoregressive integrated moving average
  • the controller 302 calculates (step 2004) a new value of the variable resistor that allows the maximum possible voltage to be maintained at the load while avoiding exceeding a threshold value beyond which damaging overvoltages to the load occurs.
  • This threshold value will depend on the type of load and can be static or dynamic, that is, it can be fixed or time-varying. In the case of batteries, where charging that rises according to certain charging curves is preferable, this threshold will preferably be time-varying.
  • the new value of the variable resistor is chosen in such a way as to cause a voltage drop across the variable resistor 301 such that the voltage at the load results equal to the predetermined or expected threshold value for the corresponding instant of time.
  • the new value of the variable resistor is chosen in such a way as to cause a voltage drop on the variable resistor, such that with any of the estimated values Ii, I2, I3, the voltage at the load always results less than or equal to the predetermined or expected threshold value for the corresponding time instant.
  • the controller 302 checks the variable resistor (step 2005) so that it assumes the newly calculated resistance value.
  • the method provides for testing whether the value of the measured load current results in a voltage at the load exceeding the critical threshold value, and provides for storing in a memory area both the measured value of the load current (step 2002) and an exceeding information (step 2020) indicating whether the voltage at the load exceeds the critical threshold value.
  • the method then provides for (step 2030) estimating future values of the load current based on the measurement made in step 2002, a plurality of stored current values, and a plurality of stored exceeding information.
  • this method essentially provides for varying the variable resistance by means of an iterative algorithm that increases or decreases the resistance by a predetermined amount.
  • this algorithm can also be applied to the method of Figure 3, i.e., in other words, a step of storing the overshoot information can be added to the method of Figure 4 described below, which is used to estimate future current values at the load.
  • the method of Figure 4 begins at step 3000 by setting the value of variable resistor 301 (hereafter referred to as R301) to its maximum value. As an alternative to setting it to its maximum value, it is possible to use another value that is still close, say 15% less, than the maximum value.
  • the controller 302 measures the current Io at the load (step 3001), stores it in the designated memory area (step 3002), and predicts one or more future values of the load current (step 3003), e.g., values Ii, I2, 13.
  • the method of Figure 3 provides for (step 3004) reducing the variable resistor by a predetermined amount AR.
  • the controller Before varying the value of the variable resistor 301, the controller performs an initial check (step 3005) to see if the new value of the variable resistor could, with the previously estimated future current values Ii, h, I3, cause a voltage drop at the load greater than the predetermined threshold.
  • the method provides for storing the new value of the variable resistor and controlling it (step 3006) to set it to the new value.
  • the method provides for checking whether with the current value of the variable resistor (step 3007) a voltage drop at the load above the critical threshold could occur in the future. If not, the value of the variable resistor is kept unchanged (step 3008) and the method is repeated from steps 3001 onward. In the positive case, on the other hand, it is provided to increase the resistance by a fixed value AR (step 3009).
  • Figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of receiver 3 equipped with an overvoltage protection system 30 suitable for implementing the overvoltage protection methods described above.
  • the receiver 3 includes a winding 7 at the ends of which the induced current I ac generated by the variable magnetic field B flows.
  • Receiver 3 further includes a rectifier 303 capable of rectifying the alternating current I ac at the ends of winding 7.
  • rectifier 303 includes a diode 3030 in series with winding 7, a capacitor 3031 and a resistor 3032 in parallel with winding 7.
  • Other types of rectifiers, such as diode bridges, can be used as an alternative to the one described here.
  • variable resistor 301 is preferably a Digitally Controllable Resistor (DCR) that is preferably initialized to its maximum value and then controlled as described above.
  • DCR Digitally Controllable Resistor
  • such a variable resistor may include a generic potentiometer as long as it can be automatically controlled by a microcontroller in controller 302.
  • Controller 302 measures the current I directed to the load and controls the value of variable resistor 301 to protect the load from overvoltages.
  • the controller 302 is a computer system (preferably a chip or circuit board comprising multiple electronic components) that comprises a current meter 3020, a comparator 3021, and a controller 3022.
  • the current meter 3020 measures the rectified current I at fixed instants of time, e.g., set by a system clock, and outputs the Ampere value of the measured signal, e.g., the current value Io.
  • the current measurement can be made in any way per se known, for example, the current measurement can be obtained by reading the voltage at the ends of a low-value resistor placed in series with the variable resistor 301 and preferably before the switch 304. Given the possibility of making measurements in different ways, a generic connection between current meter
  • the current value Io measured by meter 3020 is given as input to both comparator
  • Comparator 3021 based on the current value measured by meter 3020, the current value of the variable resistor 301, and the characteristics of the load - in particular to its resistance- , calculates whether the current I could cause an overvoltage at load 5, that is, whether it could result in a voltage drop (VL) at the load above a maximum threshold (VLTH) allowed by the load.
  • VL voltage drop
  • VLTH maximum threshold
  • Comparator 3021 then returns a binary value (0 or 1) indicating whether load 5 can support the measured current Io. For example, the comparator returns the value 0 if the current can be supported (i.e., if VL VLTH), while it returns the value 1 if it cannot be supported (i.e., if VL > VLTH).
  • comparator 3021 The output of comparator 3021 is given as input to both switch 304 and controller 3022.
  • Controller 3022 which receives as input the current value provided by meter 3020 and the output of comparator 3021, is equipped with a memory unit (such as a register) in which it stores the two input time series for a window of time preferably adjustable by the user through a suitable user interface of receiver 3.
  • a memory unit such as a register
  • Controller 3022 is then configured to control variable resistor 301 by setting it to a new value determined as described above with reference to the methods of Figure 2 (steps 2003 to 2005) or Figure 3 (steps 3003 to 3008).
  • the new resistance value determined by controller 3022 is sent to comparator 3021, which will use this value to assess whether the load current can cause overvoltages.
  • the switch 304 provided in the example of Figure 5 serves to provide safety in the event that the estimate of future current values is wrong and enough current may reach the load to cause a voltage drop above a maximum allowable threshold for the load itself. Although this is not advisable, the switch 304 could also be omitted.
  • Figure 6 shows a variant of the receiver of Figure 5, wherein the controller 302 is connected to a branch of the circuit parallel to the one wherein the load is connected.
  • the meter 3020 measures a current I that is a fraction of the II current flowing to the load since the same voltage falls on the two branches.
  • the two currents I and II are related by the relationship
  • Rcon is the value of the resistance in input to the controller 302
  • R301 is the value of variable resistance 301
  • RL is the resistance value of load 5.
  • the controller 3022 and the comparator 3021 can calculate the measurement of the load current and perform the same operations as described above with reference to the circuit in Figure 5.
  • the measurement of the current Ic should also be understood as an indirect measurement of the load current. Both indirect measurement of the load current (e.g., Fig. 6) and direct measurement of the load current (Fig. 5) fall under the concept of measuring the load current.
  • indirect measurement of the load current e.g., Fig. 6
  • direct measurement of the load current Fig. 5

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de protection d'une charge dans un récepteur de transfert d'énergie sans fil contre des surtensions. Le procédé comprend la réception d'une onde électromagnétique à travers un circuit de réception et la mesure (2001) d'un courant électrique, généré par réception de l'onde électromagnétique, circulant dans une charge connectée électriquement au circuit de réception et le stockage (2002) de la valeur du courant mesuré. Le procédé comprend l'estimation (2003) d'au moins une valeur future du courant de charge, et la mise en variation (2004, 2005) d'une valeur de résistance d'une résistance variable connectée en série à la charge, de sorte que la chute de tension à travers la charge à un courant de charge égal à la valeur estimée ne dépasse pas une valeur seuil critique.
PCT/IB2023/054939 2022-05-13 2023-05-12 Système et procédé de protection d'une charge contre les surtensions dans un récepteur d'énergie sans fil WO2023218422A1 (fr)

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IT102022000009941 2022-05-13
IT102022000009941A IT202200009941A1 (it) 2022-05-13 2022-05-13 Sistema e metodo per proteggere da sovratensioni un carico in un ricevitore di potenza trasmessa senza fili

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Citations (4)

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US20150207338A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2015-07-23 Rohm Co., Ltd. Wireless power receiver circuit
US20170256989A1 (en) * 2016-03-01 2017-09-07 Rohm Co., Ltd. Contactless communication medium and electronic device using the same
WO2020118586A1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-18 华北电力大学扬中智能电气研究中心 Procédé et dispositif de prédiction de consommation d'énergie
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KR102042498B1 (ko) 2012-01-11 2019-11-11 삼성전자주식회사 공진 방식 무선 전력 수신 장치용 과전압 보호 장치 및 그 제어 방법
US9130369B2 (en) 2012-08-29 2015-09-08 Qualcomm Incorporated Wireless power overvoltage protection circuit with reduced power dissipation
US9640976B2 (en) 2015-02-26 2017-05-02 Ut-Battelle, Llc Overvoltage protection system for wireless power transfer systems
CN111668941A (zh) 2019-03-05 2020-09-15 恩智浦美国有限公司 用于无线电力接收器的过电压保护电路系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150207338A1 (en) * 2012-10-01 2015-07-23 Rohm Co., Ltd. Wireless power receiver circuit
US20170256989A1 (en) * 2016-03-01 2017-09-07 Rohm Co., Ltd. Contactless communication medium and electronic device using the same
WO2020118586A1 (fr) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-18 华北电力大学扬中智能电气研究中心 Procédé et dispositif de prédiction de consommation d'énergie
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PIEDRAHITA-ECHAVARRIA E Y ET AL: "Model Predictive Control of a Z-Source Power Converter for Wireless Power Transfer Applications", 2021 IEEE SOUTHERN POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (SPEC), IEEE, 6 December 2021 (2021-12-06), pages 1 - 6, XP034088053, DOI: 10.1109/SPEC52827.2021.9709453 *

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