WO2023217236A1 - Unité d'antenne, sous-réseau et antenne réseau à commande de phase à grand angle d'isolation élevée à ondes millimétriques - Google Patents

Unité d'antenne, sous-réseau et antenne réseau à commande de phase à grand angle d'isolation élevée à ondes millimétriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023217236A1
WO2023217236A1 PCT/CN2023/093550 CN2023093550W WO2023217236A1 WO 2023217236 A1 WO2023217236 A1 WO 2023217236A1 CN 2023093550 W CN2023093550 W CN 2023093550W WO 2023217236 A1 WO2023217236 A1 WO 2023217236A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
antenna
patch
metal plate
phased array
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/093550
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨琬琛
刘宇济
车文荃
薛泉
刘旭夫
冯文杰
朱浩慎
Original Assignee
华南理工大学
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Application filed by 华南理工大学 filed Critical 华南理工大学
Publication of WO2023217236A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023217236A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an antenna unit, a sub-array and a millimeter-wave high-isolation large-angle phased array antenna.
  • 6G is like a huge distributed neural network, integrating communication, perception, computing and other capabilities. It deeply integrates the physical world, the biological world and the digital world, truly opening up a new era of "intelligent connectivity of all things".
  • 6G will transcend the Internet of People, the Internet of Things, and move toward the Intelligent Internet of Everything, bringing technology to every person, every family, and every enterprise, leading a new wave of innovation.
  • phased array is the key technology to solve this problem.
  • millimeter-wave phased array antennas face problems such as narrow beam scanning range and serious deterioration of radiation performance during wide-angle scanning.
  • Traditional array antennas are not only large in size and have high coupling between ports, but also scan beams within a ⁇ 50° range. , there will be a gain drop of up to 4-5dBi. Therefore, designing a phased array antenna with wide beam scanning function and high efficiency is very important for 6G communications.
  • the present invention provides an antenna unit, a sub-array and a millimeter-wave high-isolation large-angle phased array antenna.
  • the invention not only has the characteristics of small size and simple structure, but also ensures that the millimeter wave array can achieve high isolation, low active return loss, large-angle scanning and other performances.
  • An antenna unit includes a first dielectric substrate, a first metal plate, a second dielectric substrate and a second metal plate arranged in close contact from top to bottom.
  • a radiation metal patch is provided on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate.
  • the first metal plate is connected to the second metal plate through metal pillars to form a dielectric cavity structure, and the coaxial line excites the radiation metal patch through the feed point provided on the second metal plate.
  • the coaxial line passes through the feed point and excites the radiation metal patch through an L-shaped probe or gap.
  • the L-shaped probe or slit is provided on the first metal plate and is on the same layer.
  • a sub-array includes 1 ⁇ D antenna units and uses a one-D integrated waveguide feed network to excite and radiate metal patches.
  • the one-to-D integrated waveguide feed network includes at least two one-to-two power splitters, each one-to-two power splitter is arranged on the dielectric substrate and is located between two layers of metal plates.
  • the metal plate is provided with a signal via hole, and the signal via hole includes a metal pillar and a circular metal patch.
  • the one-minute D integrated waveguide feed network is surrounded by a circle of metal columns.
  • a millimeter-wave high-isolation large-angle phased array antenna which consists of N sub-arrays to form an N ⁇ D antenna unit array.
  • the distance between the antenna units on the vertical surface of the antenna is set to 0.38 ⁇ , and decoupling is provided between the two antenna units on the vertical surface of the antenna.
  • the structure is on the same layer as the radiating metal patches, and the spacing is 0.38 ⁇ ; metal patches are provided at the upper and lower ends of the vertical plane of the antenna, on the same layer as the radiating metal patches, and the spacing is 0.38 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the center frequency of the antenna. Free space wavelength.
  • the decoupling structure includes a U-shaped grounding branch.
  • the metal patch is a metasurface unit, a square patch, a rectangular patch, a parallelogram patch or a trapezoidal patch.
  • the present invention effectively expands the beam width of the antenna and improves the isolation between ports by loading a dielectric cavity structure.
  • the present invention achieves a high broadband isolation effect by using the coupling path offset method and loading the ground structure, and improves the active return loss and array scanning capability within the operating frequency band.
  • the present invention effectively improves the scanning performance of the phased array by adding some non-excited metal patches to the scanning surface.
  • the size of the antenna unit of the present invention is only 0.15 ⁇ , and the array spacing of the scanning surface is only 0.38 ⁇ , which effectively improves the scanning capability of the antenna, and the antenna occupies a small area.
  • the present invention reduces energy leakage by adding a circle of metal pillars outside the feed network, and the phase and amplitude of each port of the feed network can be kept consistent.
  • the present invention has a simple structure, easy processing and relatively low cost. This enables mass production.
  • Figure 1(a) is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the unit structure of the phased array antenna of the present invention.
  • Figure 1(b) is a top view of the unit structure of the phased array antenna of the present invention.
  • Figure 1(c) is a left view of the unit structure of the phased array antenna of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the 1 ⁇ 4 sub-array of the phased array antenna of the present invention
  • Figure 3(a) is a surface schematic diagram of the phased array antenna of the present invention.
  • Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the first-stage one-to-two power splitter layer of the phased array antenna of the present invention
  • Figure 3(c) is a schematic diagram of the second-stage one-to-two power splitter layer of the phased array antenna of the present invention.
  • Figure 3(d) is a schematic diagram of the bottom feed of the phased array antenna of the present invention.
  • Figure 3(e) is a left view of the phased array antenna of the present invention.
  • Figure 4(a) is the S-parameter result diagram after decoupling of the phased array antenna in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4(b) is an S-parameter result diagram before decoupling of the phased array antenna in Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a result diagram of the phased array antenna scanning to 63° at 66GHz in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a result diagram of the phased array antenna scanning from 71 GHz to 62° in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a result diagram of the phased array antenna scanning to 64° at 76GHz in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an active return loss diagram of the phased array antenna during maximum angle scanning in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • an antenna unit that constitutes a phased array with high isolation and large scanning angle is processed using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology, and the dielectric substrate is Ferro A6ME.
  • the first dielectric substrate 6, the first metal plate 15, the second dielectric substrate 7 and the second metal plate 16 are arranged in close contact from top to bottom.
  • a radiation metal patch is provided on the upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 6.
  • the shape of the radiation metal patch is a square patch 1, specifically a square. Other shapes such as a circle, a parallelogram or a rectangular corner can also be selected. structure.
  • the first metal plate 15 is etched with a square opening, and the metal pillar 3 passes through the square opening to connect the first metal plate 15 and the second metal plate 16 to form a dielectric cavity structure 4 .
  • the feed point of the antenna unit is set on the second metal plate 16.
  • the square patch 1 is excited through the L-shaped probe 2 or the gap.
  • the L-shaped probe 2 and the first metal plate 15 are arranged on the first metal plate and are on the same layer.
  • the radiation metal patch is a square patch, its size P_x is 0.64mm, the L-shaped probe is a rectangular metal, its size F_x is 0.52mm, its size F_y is 0.15mm, the dielectric cavity is square, its size C_x1 is 1.6mm, the distance F_l from the L-shaped probe to the medium cavity is 0.44mm, the diameter of the cylindrical metal pillar is 0.1mm, and the center distance Pitch is 0.3mm.
  • the dielectric substrate used is Ferro A6ME, the height H1 of the first dielectric substrate is 0.188mm, the height H2 of the second dielectric substrate is 0.188mm, and the metal conductive band thickness is both 0.008mm.
  • the size of the antenna unit is only 0.15 ⁇ , which can be arranged at a compact spacing.
  • the spacing between the scanning plane (E plane) does not exceed 0.38 ⁇ , which is reduced to 76% of the conventional spacing, which is conducive to realizing large-angle scanning, where ⁇ is the center frequency of the antenna. Free space wavelength.
  • a sub-array constituting a millimeter-wave high-isolation large-scan angle phased array antenna includes 1 ⁇ 4 antenna units and is fed by an integrated waveguide feed network.
  • the sub-array in this embodiment 2 includes a third dielectric substrate 8, a third metal plate 17, a fourth dielectric substrate 9, a fourth metal plate 18, a fifth dielectric substrate 10 and a fifth metal plate 19 arranged closely together.
  • the waveguide opening 22 is an excitation point and is arranged between the fifth metal plate 19 and the fourth metal plate 18 .
  • 1 ⁇ 4 antenna units are arranged on the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate, and a one-to-four integrated waveguide feed network is used to connect the L-shaped probe through the signal via hole on the second metal plate 16, so that the L-shaped probe excites the surface. Radiating metal patches produce polarized radiation characteristics.
  • the one-to-four integrated waveguide feed network includes two-stage one-to-two power dividers, and the second-stage one-to-two power divider 12 is connected through the signal via on the fourth metal floor 18.
  • the second-stage one-to-two power divider 12 The 2-power splitter 12 is disposed between the fourth dielectric substrate 9 , the fourth metal floor 18 and the third metal floor 17 , and is connected to the first-stage 1-2 power splitter 11 through the signal via on the third metal floor 17 , the first-stage one-to-two power splitter 11 is arranged between the third dielectric substrate 8, the third metal floor 17 and the second metal floor 16, and is connected to the L probe through the signal via on the second metal floor 16. needle, so that the L-shaped probe excites the square metal patch on the surface to produce polarized radiation characteristics.
  • the one-to-four integrated waveguide feed network can be replaced by a microstrip feed network or a coplanar waveguide feed network.
  • the signal via hole is composed of a metal pillar and a circular metal patch 13, and its function is to transmit energy.
  • the signal via hole can be replaced by etching a rectangular gap in the metal floor.
  • the subarray includes 1 ⁇ D antenna units, a one-D integrated waveguide feed network needs to be used to excite the radiation metal patch.
  • the one-to-D integrated waveguide feed network includes at least two one-to-two power dividers, each one-to-two power divider is arranged on a dielectric substrate, which is located between two layers of metal plates, and the antenna unit is arranged at the most On the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate, each stage of one-to-two power splitter has signal via holes to transmit energy through the metal plate.
  • a circle of metal pillars is added outside the one-to-four integrated waveguide feed network, which can effectively reduce energy leakage and improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • a millimeter-wave high-isolation large-angle phased array antenna includes N sub-arrays to form an N ⁇ D antenna element array.
  • a 4 ⁇ 4 antenna array is composed of four 1 ⁇ 4 sub-array antennas.
  • the distance between the antenna units on the vertical plane (E plane) of the antenna is set to 0.38 ⁇ , which helps to improve the scanning performance of the antenna and reduce the size of the antenna array. total measurement.
  • the phased array adds a decoupling structure on the E side, and the height is consistent with the height of the radiation metal patch 1 without adding additional layers.
  • the decoupling structure includes a U-shaped grounding branch 20 and two metal columns, U The U-shaped ground branch is on the same layer as the antenna unit, and the metal pillar connects the second metal floor 16 and the U-shaped ground branch.
  • the structure is simple without increasing the height and number of layers of the antenna, and can improve large-angle scanning performance.
  • the antenna array adds a non-excited square metal patch 14 on the vertical plane.
  • the height is consistent with the height of the radiating metal patch.
  • the distance between the radiating metal patch and the radiating metal patch is 0.38 ⁇ . It is mainly installed on the vertical plane of the phased array antenna. The top and bottom. After the antenna array is formed, due to the small distance between the units, the dielectric cavities of the units are merged into a large dielectric cavity.
  • a circle of metal pillars 21 is added to the periphery of the integrated waveguide feed network of the antenna, which can effectively reduce the Energy leakage improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
  • the unexcited square metal patch may include an ordinary patch or a metasurface unit, and the shape of the metal patch may be a square, a rectangle, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, etc.
  • arranging the metal patch outside the radiating metal patch on the scanning surface can effectively improve the scanning performance of the antenna and reduce the gain fluctuation during large-angle scanning of the antenna.
  • the scanning capability within the band is greater than ⁇ 62°, and the gain decreases. Less than 2dB.
  • the U-shaped ground branch 20 can improve the isolation between ports and improve the active callback loss during antenna scanning, and the shape of the ground structure can be U-shaped, C-shaped, ⁇ -shaped, n-shaped, etc.
  • the horizontal unit spacing y_array of the phased array is 2.32mm
  • the vertical unit spacing x_array is 1.6mm
  • the Co_y of the U-shaped ground branch is 0.3mm
  • Co_x is 0.5mm
  • the dielectric cavity structure of the phased array Ca_y is 1.7mm
  • Ca_x is 6.5 mm
  • the S_y1 of the first-stage one-to-two power divider is 3.42mm
  • S_x1 is 1.3mm
  • the S_y2 of the second-stage one-to-two power divider is 5.74mm
  • the second metal floor, the third metal floor and the fourth metal floor The diameter of the signal vias on the floor is all 0.4mm
  • the height h3 of the waveguide feed part, the first-stage one-to-two power splitter, and the second-stage one-to-two power splitter are all 0.376mm.
  • the size of the antenna unit is only 0.15 ⁇ and can be arranged at a compact spacing.
  • the spacing between the scanning plane (E plane) does not exceed 0.38 ⁇ , reduced to 76% of the conventional spacing, which is conducive to realizing large-angle scanning, where ⁇ is the free space wavelength of the antenna center frequency.
  • the millimeter wave high isolation large scanning angle phased array antenna has an operating bandwidth of 66-76GHz, the in-band port reflection coefficient is lower than -10dB, and its in-band isolation is greater than 20dB.
  • the isolation when no U-shaped grounding branches are loaded is above 15dB. By comparison, it is found that the port isolation increases by 5dB after loading U-shaped grounding branches.
  • the scanning performance of the millimeter wave high isolation large scanning angle phased array antenna during large angle scanning When the port phase difference is 150°, at the low frequency of 66GHz, the phased array antenna can scan up to 63 °, the grating lobe is low, and the gain drops by about 1.17dB; at the intermediate frequency 71GHz, the phased array antenna can scan to a maximum of 62°, with no obvious grating lobe, and the gain drops by about 1.07dB; at the high frequency 76GHz, the phased array antenna It can scan to a maximum of 64°, with no obvious grating lobes, and the gain drops by about 1.75dB.
  • the active return loss of the millimeter-wave high isolation large scanning angle phased array antenna when scanning at large angles, and the active S parameters of all ports when scanning to the maximum angle are lower than -10dB in the band.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention divulgue une unité d'antenne, un sous-réseau et une antenne réseau à commande de phase à grand angle d'isolation élevée à ondes millimétriques. L'unité d'antenne comprend un premier substrat diélectrique, une première plaque métallique, un second substrat diélectrique et une seconde plaque métallique, qui sont étroitement fixés de haut en bas, une plaque métallique de rayonnement étant disposée sur une surface supérieure du premier substrat diélectrique ; la première plaque métallique est reliée à la seconde plaque métallique au moyen de colonnes métalliques, de façon à former une structure de cavité diélectrique ; et une ligne coaxiale excite la plaque métallique de rayonnement au moyen d'un point d'alimentation qui est disposé sur la seconde plaque métallique. Certaines plaques métalliques non excitées sont ajoutées à une surface de balayage de l'antenne réseau à commande de phase, ce qui permet d'améliorer la capacité de balayage d'un réseau à commande de phase. La présente invention peut être facilement usinée, a un faible coût et un profil bas, est appropriée pour une conception de réseau d'antennes planes, et est appliquée à une production de masse.
PCT/CN2023/093550 2022-05-12 2023-05-11 Unité d'antenne, sous-réseau et antenne réseau à commande de phase à grand angle d'isolation élevée à ondes millimétriques WO2023217236A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210513242.5A CN114914687A (zh) 2022-05-12 2022-05-12 一种天线单元、子阵及毫米波高隔离大角度相控阵列天线
CN202210513242.5 2022-05-12

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114914687A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-16 华南理工大学 一种天线单元、子阵及毫米波高隔离大角度相控阵列天线

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CN105190998A (zh) * 2014-03-12 2015-12-23 华为技术有限公司 阵列天线
CN107196049A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2017-09-22 东南大学 一种阵列天线
US20200350696A1 (en) * 2018-12-29 2020-11-05 AAC Technologies Pte. Ltd. Millimeter wave array antenna module and mobile terminal
CN111952722A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-17 中国信息通信研究院 一种反射阵列天线单元、反射阵列天线和制作方法
CN112838361A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-25 华南理工大学 耦合抵消路径枝节及基于其的高隔离毫米波相控阵列天线
CN214477884U (zh) * 2021-03-26 2021-10-22 广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司 双极化天线、双极化阵列天线及雷达系统
CN114267938A (zh) * 2021-12-07 2022-04-01 重庆邮电大学 基于基片集成同轴线的宽带高增益背腔拱形贴片开缝阵列天线
CN114914687A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-16 华南理工大学 一种天线单元、子阵及毫米波高隔离大角度相控阵列天线

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105190998A (zh) * 2014-03-12 2015-12-23 华为技术有限公司 阵列天线
CN107196049A (zh) * 2017-06-15 2017-09-22 东南大学 一种阵列天线
US20200350696A1 (en) * 2018-12-29 2020-11-05 AAC Technologies Pte. Ltd. Millimeter wave array antenna module and mobile terminal
CN111952722A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2020-11-17 中国信息通信研究院 一种反射阵列天线单元、反射阵列天线和制作方法
CN112838361A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-25 华南理工大学 耦合抵消路径枝节及基于其的高隔离毫米波相控阵列天线
CN214477884U (zh) * 2021-03-26 2021-10-22 广东纳睿雷达科技股份有限公司 双极化天线、双极化阵列天线及雷达系统
CN114267938A (zh) * 2021-12-07 2022-04-01 重庆邮电大学 基于基片集成同轴线的宽带高增益背腔拱形贴片开缝阵列天线
CN114914687A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-08-16 华南理工大学 一种天线单元、子阵及毫米波高隔离大角度相控阵列天线

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