WO2023213714A1 - Ventil zur steuerung der strömung eines fluides - Google Patents
Ventil zur steuerung der strömung eines fluides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023213714A1 WO2023213714A1 PCT/EP2023/061274 EP2023061274W WO2023213714A1 WO 2023213714 A1 WO2023213714 A1 WO 2023213714A1 EP 2023061274 W EP2023061274 W EP 2023061274W WO 2023213714 A1 WO2023213714 A1 WO 2023213714A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- valve member
- spring
- feed channel
- drive device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0644—One-way valve
- F16K31/0655—Lift valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
- F16K1/42—Valve seats
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
- F16K1/32—Details
- F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
- F16K1/42—Valve seats
- F16K1/425—Attachment of the seat to the housing by plastical deformation, e.g. valve seat or housing being plastically deformed during mounting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
- F16K37/0025—Electrical or magnetic means
- F16K37/0033—Electrical or magnetic means using a permanent magnet, e.g. in combination with a reed relays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K39/00—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces
- F16K39/02—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves
- F16K39/022—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves using balancing surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K2200/00—Details of valves
- F16K2200/30—Spring arrangements
- F16K2200/302—Plurality of biasing means, e.g. springs, for opening or closing single valve member
Definitions
- the invention relates to a valve for controlling the flow of a fluid, with a valve housing that delimits a valve chamber into which a feed channel serving to feed fluid and a working channel enabling fluid to exit open, a feed channel mouth of the feed channel being framed by a valve seat facing the valve chamber is, which in the valve chamber is opposite a closure surface arranged on an axial front side of a valve member of the valve, the valve member in the context of a lifting movement which can be caused by a driving force of a drive device of the valve and is oriented in the axial direction of a main axis in a manner with its closure surface resting against the valve seat and thereby separating the feed channel from the valve chamber in a fluid-tight manner, or in at least one open position that is lifted away from the valve seat and thereby enables a fluid connection between the feed channel and the valve chamber, which is in constant fluid connection with the working channel, to be axially movable, and where the valve member is constantly biased towards a closed position by a closing spring of
- a valve of this type known from DE 10 2013 011 759 Al has a valve member that is biased into a closed position by a closing spring, in which it is within a Valve chamber rests on a valve seat framing a feed channel mouth and thereby prevents fluid from entering the valve chamber from a feed channel.
- a closing spring By actuating an electric drive device, which is based on an electrodynamic functional principle, the valve member can be moved into at least one open position that is raised from the valve seat and held in this open position, so that a pressurized fluid fed into the feed channel can flow over into the valve chamber and through can flow out of the valve chamber through a working channel leading to a consumer.
- valve member assumes the closed position when the drive device is deactivated, it is a valve of the "Normally Closed" type. Due to the required power requirement, such a valve has energetic disadvantages in applications that regularly require a much longer maintenance of an open position than maintaining a closed position, since the drive device must be activated for a correspondingly long time.
- a valve described in WO 2017/080602 Al is subject to the same topic.
- EP 1 959 177 B1 and US 6,367,766 B1 describe valves of the “normally open” type, which assume an open position enabling fluid flow when the drive device is deactivated.
- particularly high driving forces must be applied to maintain the closed position, since not only the spring force of an opening spring that constantly acts in the opening direction must be overcome, but also the pressure on the opening. fluid pressure acting in the opening direction. Recourse to a weaker spring to remedy the problem could possibly no longer ensure safe opening when the drive device is deactivated.
- a reduction in the opening force attributable to the fluid pressure could only be achieved with a significantly reduced nominal diameter and correspondingly lower flow rates.
- the spring device in addition to the closing spring, has an opening spring which constantly biases the valve member in the direction of the at least one open position, the closing spring and the closing spring acting in opposite directions in this regard Opening springs are coordinated with one another in terms of their spring forces so that the valve member assumes a basic position without driving forces of the drive device, which is an intermediate open position lying between the closed position and a maximum open position.
- the spring device which has both a closing-acting closing spring and an opening-acting opening spring, holds the valve member in what is referred to as an intermediate open position when the drive device is deactivated, i.e. when no driving forces are exerted on the valve member by the drive device Open position in which a fluid flow from the feed channel into the valve chamber is possible, but at a maximum in comparison Open position lower flow rate.
- the intermediate open position of the valve member is a lifting position in which the closing forces generated by the closing spring and the opening forces generated by the opening spring equalize, which means that there is essentially a zero force point.
- the drive device In order to close the valve from the intermediate open position or to open it further, the drive device requires opposing driving forces, which are, however, lower than those with a pure "normally closed” valve or a pure “normally open” valve of comparable nominal size to the driving forces to be applied.
- the valve can in principle be designed as a valve actuated by fluid power and in particular pneumatically with a correspondingly designed drive device.
- a valve design is preferred whose drive device is of an electrically actuated type and which can be referred to as an electric drive device.
- an electrodynamic drive device based on Lorentz forces or an electromagnetic drive device based on reluctance forces is used.
- a current can expediently be generated in a coil device of the drive device, which generates a force acting in the closing direction and opens the valve member against the spring force acting opening spring presses against the valve seat.
- the Closing driving force can be reduced or removed.
- the intermediate open position is reached, the direction of current flow in the coil device can be reversed, so that a driving force effective in the opening direction is created, which now works against the closing spring and opens the valve further beyond the intermediate open position.
- valve member for the closing process Since the valve member for the closing process has to be moved from the intermediate open position by a stroke less than the maximum possible, the driving forces to be applied are correspondingly low, so that there is no risk of overheating due to the electrical energy input, even with a large nominal diameter. The same applies to holding the valve member in any open position beyond the intermediate open position, with a cooling effect caused by the fluid flowing through being added here.
- the drive device has a first drive component formed by an electrical coil device and a second drive component which interacts with the energized coil device to generate a drive force acting on the valve member in the axial direction of the main axis.
- One of these two drive components is located on the valve member, the other on the valve housing.
- a solenoid valve can be implemented or, preferably, an electrodynamic operating principle implemented as a plunger armature principle or as a moving coil principle.
- the valve expediently contains control electronics designed to control the drive device.
- the control electronics are designed in particular in such a way that they have a Can cause energization of the drive device, which either has an opening current direction acting on the valve member or a closing current direction acting on the valve member, so that the valve member can be closed or further opened starting from the intermediate open position by selecting a corresponding current direction. If a lifting movement over the full stroke between the closed position and the maximum open position is desired, the control electronics can reverse the direction of the current when passing through the intermediate open position.
- control electronics of the valve can be used to cause the drive device to be energized in both current directions with variable current strength. In this way, any partial open positions can be adjusted continuously between the closed position and the maximum open position.
- a valve can preferably be operated as a proportional valve.
- the control electronics are in particular integrated into the valve housing or mounted on the outside. However, it can also be implemented as a separate component. For example, it contains a circuit board equipped with a microprocessor.
- the valve has a position detection device through which stroke positions of the valve member that can be assumed as part of the stroke movement of the valve member can be detected.
- the position detection device is in particular connected to the optional control electronics, which are used by the position detection device Can process position data of the valve member provided with feedback information.
- the control electronics expediently have a control functionality. In this way, a position-controlled control of the drive device is possible on the basis of the position data available by means of the position detection device.
- the position detection device expediently has at least one Hall sensor or another measuring device for determining the stroke position, whereby the other measuring device can also be designed, for example, for laser-based or ultrasound-based position detection.
- the position detection device expediently has the functionality of a position measuring system designed for continuous position detection.
- the two springs of the spring device acting in opposite directions on the valve member are designed in terms of strength so that the valve member in the intermediate open position at least essentially occupies a half-open position in which the flow available for the fluid passing through the feed channel mouth - Cross section is approximately or exactly half as large as a maximum flow cross section released in the maximum open position of the valve member.
- the valve member in the intermediate open position, assumes a lifting position in which it is located just above the closing point in which the closing surface of the valve member touches the valve seat fixed to the housing.
- Both the closing spring and the opening spring are each expediently a compression spring. Such a design is preferred to that of a return spring.
- Both the closing spring and the opening spring are in particular a coil spring.
- the closing spring and the opening spring are expediently designed in such a way that they have coordinated and expediently different force-path characteristics and/or winding gradients.
- a design is considered particularly advantageous in which the closing spring and the opening spring are designed as individual springs of the spring device that are separate from one another. This promotes the coordinated design of the spring forces on both sides and enables particularly space-saving accommodation in the valve housing, in particular in that the opening spring coaxially encloses the closing spring, or vice versa.
- the spring device could have only a single spring element, which is picked up by the valve member at a point between its two end regions, the tapping point being selected according to the desired spring force ratio.
- the intermediate tap f can be realized, for example, by attaching the valve member to the single spring element at the relevant point, with the length sections of the one-piece spring element adjoining the tap point axially on both sides in one case as an opening spring and in the other In other cases, act as a closing spring.
- the valve member has a hat-shaped front end section, which has a front bottom wall that supports the closure surface, a sleeve-shaped side wall that extends axially from the bottom wall away from the inner feed channel mouth, and a sleeve-shaped side wall that is axially spaced from the front bottom wall has an annular disk-shaped support wall projecting radially outward from the side wall.
- the closing spring is arranged in such a way that it is enclosed by the sleeve-shaped side wall and is supported on the one hand on the bottom wall of the valve member and on the other hand on a housing-fixed support body arranged axially opposite the bottom wall.
- the opening spring is arranged in such a way that it encloses the sleeve-shaped side wall and is supported axially on the one hand within the valve chamber on the valve housing and on the other hand on the support section of the valve member.
- the sleeve-shaped side wall is located radially between the closing spring and the opening spring, the closing spring being enclosed by the opening spring over at least part of its length in a coaxial arrangement.
- the valve member is preferably designed in several parts and has a one-piece valve member base body, on which a preferably disk-shaped sealing element is arranged on the front side facing the inner feed channel mouth as a further component of the valve member, which defines the closure surface cooperating with the valve seat.
- the closure surface of the valve member is expediently formed on a sealing element made of a rubber-elastic material.
- the invention can be applied to any valve
- the design according to the invention is in conjunction with a 2/2-way valve.
- the invention can be implemented both with pure switching valves and with proportional valves.
- the valve seat can be formed directly on the valve housing. It preferably has a collar-like, axially raised structure, defining an annular sealing edge against which the closure surface rests in the closed position of the valve member.
- the valve seat is located on a sleeve-shaped valve seat element that is separate from the valve housing, which is aligned coaxially with the main axis and which is inserted into an inner end section of the feed channel with an axial position that is variable with respect to the main axis and is fixed to the housing .
- the axial position of the valve seat element with respect to the valve housing can be adjusted variably and fixed axially immovably on the valve housing in the set target position.
- valve seat element can be pressed into the end section of the feed channel with a variable press-in depth.
- adhesive fixation or screw fixation could also be considered.
- the variability of the axial position during valve assembly offers the advantageous possibility of carrying out a calibration in order to compensate for both the geometric component tolerances and the spring tolerances. If the valve has an electric drive device, the valve seat element and consequently the valve can be seated within the valve housing at ⁇ 0 during calibration, for example for as long as can be shifted until a desired flow rate is achieved for a given electrical current. Especially in order to achieve relatively large nominal diameters and still keep the driving forces to be applied low, it is advantageous to provide special pressure compensation measures with regard to the valve member.
- valve member has a compensation surface oriented axially opposite to the closure surface, which delimits a compensation chamber formed in the valve housing, which constantly communicates via at least one compensation channel passing through the valve member with the area axially upstream of the closure surface.
- the fluid pressure is therefore always at least essentially the same in the area in front of the closure surface and in the compensation chamber, which results in compensation for the pressure force acting axially on the valve member.
- the compensation area of the valve member is at least essentially and preferably exactly the same size as the area of the inner feed channel mouth that can be covered by the valve member, i.e. the area framed by the valve seat.
- the pressure force compensation works both in the closed position and in any open position of the valve member. Consequently, the valve member can be driven to its lifting movement with a very low driving force and held in the respective set lifting position.
- Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the valve according to the invention in a longitudinal section, with the valve member being shown when it assumes the intermediate open position and with additional dash-dotted lines the lifting positions occupied by the valve member in the closed position and in the maximum open position are identified, and
- Figure 2 is an isometric exploded view of the valve illustrated in Figure 1.
- the valve designated in its entirety with reference number 1, has a valve housing 2, which is preferably designed in several parts and which has a valve chamber 3 in its interior.
- valve channels 4, 5 which pass through the valve housing 2 and through which a fluid can flow, open into the valve chamber 3 and are, for example, a feed channel 4 and a working channel 5.
- the feed channel 4 opens out via an external connection opening 4a and the working channel 5 via an external connection opening 5a to an outer surface 6 of the valve housing 2, so that there is in particular the possibility of connecting a further fluid line in each case.
- the feed channel 4 is connected via its external connection opening 4a to an external pressure source P, which provides a pressurized fluid, which is in particular compressed air.
- the working channel 5 is in fluid communication with a consumer A via its external connection opening 5a, which is, for example, a fluid-operated drive.
- the valve 1 enables control of a fluid flow between the feed channel 4 and the working channel 5, namely through the valve chamber 3.
- the valve 1 allows either shutting off, i.e. h Closing the fluid connection between the feed channel 4 and the valve chamber 3 or releasing this fluid connection with the result that the pressurized fluid can flow from the feed channel 4 through the valve chamber 3 into the working channel 5.
- the feed channel 4 opens into the valve chamber 3 with an inner channel mouth, referred to below as the feed channel mouth 7 for better distinction.
- the feed channel mouth 7 is located in the area of a bottom surface 3a of the valve chamber 3 and is framed by an annular valve seat 8 facing the valve chamber 3.
- the valve seat 3 is expediently designed to be raised in a collar-like manner with respect to a surface section of the bottom surface 3a surrounding it.
- the valve 1 has an imaginary main axis 10.
- the feed channel mouth 7 and the valve seat 8 are aligned in the axial direction of this main axis 10, in particular being arranged coaxially therewith.
- the bottom surface 3a extends in particular in a plane orthogonal to the main axis 10.
- the working channel 5 opens at a distance from the feed channel mouth 7 and in particular laterally into the valve chamber 3, its corresponding channel mouth being referred to as the working channel mouth 12. While the fluid connection between the valve chamber 3 and the working channel 5 is constantly open, the fluid connection between the feed channel 4 and the valve chamber 3 can be controlled by means of a valve member 13 of the valve 1. While the valve 1 of the exemplary embodiment is designed as a 2/2-way valve, a design with a different valve functionality is also possible, for example with a 3/2-way valve function. In particular in such cases, the valve 1 can easily have one or more additional valve channels opening into the valve chamber 3.
- the valve member 13 preferably has an elongated shape and, for example, has an imaginary longitudinal axis 14 which coincides with the main axis 10 .
- the valve chamber 3 is formed by the axial end region of a blind hole-like receiving recess 16 of the valve housing 2, into which the valve member 13 is inserted.
- the valve member 13 has an axial front side 15 with which it faces the valve chamber 3 .
- the valve member 13 further has an axial rear side 19 opposite the axial front side 15 in the axial direction of the main axis 10.
- the receiving recess 16 is delimited axially on the inside by a bottom surface 16a formed on the valve housing 2, which forms the bottom surface 3a of the valve chamber 3.
- the receiving recess 16 is closed by, for example, a cover-shaped closure element 11 of the valve housing 2.
- the valve member 13 is located axially between the bottom surface 3a, 16a and the closure element 11, whereby it delimits the valve chamber 3 on a side axially opposite the bottom surface 16a.
- the valve member 13 has an axially oriented end face on its axial front 15, which is one of the food compartments. nal mouth 7 and the valve seat 8 facing closure surface 26 forms.
- the valve member 13 can be driven to a linear lifting movement 28, which is oriented in the axial direction of the main axis 10 and is illustrated in the drawing by a double arrow.
- the valve member 13 can either be moved forward in a first direction of movement 28a pointing forward towards the valve seat 8 or backwards in a second direction of movement 28b that is opposite in this respect in the sense of being removed from the valve seat 8.
- the drive device 27 can exert a correspondingly oriented driving force on the valve member 13.
- the valve member 13 can be positioned in different lifting positions.
- One of these lifting positions is an open position, which can be seen from FIG. which is less than a possible maximum amount.
- valve member 13 Other possible lifting positions of the valve member 13 are a closed position 42 and an open position referred to as the maximum open position 43, which are also indicated in FIG. 1 by a dash-dotted line.
- the valve member 13 In the closed position 42, the valve member 13 lies with its closure surface 26 in a sealing manner against the valve seat 8 and at the same time covers the feed channel mouth 7. In this way, the feed channel 4 is fluid-tightly separated from the valve chamber 3 and the working channel 5 which is constantly connected to it in the closed position 42 of the valve member 13.
- the free flow cross section determines the flow rate of the fluid flowing over, which can also be referred to as flow.
- the closure surface 26 is arranged at the greatest possible axial distance from the valve seat 8. This largest possible axial distance is greater than the axial distance existing in the intermediate open position 41 between the closure surface 26 and the valve seat 8.
- the fluid pressure medium fed into the feed channel 4 has a released maximum flow cross section available for passage into the valve chamber 3.
- the released flow cross section is less than the maximum flow cross section.
- valve member 13 By appropriately actuating the drive device 27, the valve member 13 can be positioned either at least in the closed position 42, in the maximum open position 43 or in the intermediate open position 41.
- valve 13 is preferably designed as a continuously adjustable proportional valve in accordance with the illustrated exemplary embodiment. forms, whereby the valve member 13 can be positioned in addition to the intermediate open position 41 - in particular continuously - in any other open positions between the closed position 42 and the maximum open position 43, which can be referred to as partial open positions. In these other partial open positions, the distance between the closure surface 26 and the valve seat 8 is larger or smaller than in the intermediate open position 41.
- the exemplary valve member 13 has a cup-like shape with a bottom wall 17 assigned to the axial front side 15 and a hollow cylindrical side wall 18 projecting from the bottom wall 17 in the direction of the axial back side 19.
- the pot shape defines a valve member interior 22 that faces away from the valve chamber 3 and is also separated in this regard.
- the valve 1 is equipped with a spring device 32 which, as far as the force flow is concerned, is integrated between the valve member 13 and the valve housing 2.
- the spring device 32 holds the valve member 13 in the intermediate open position 41 when the drive device 27 already mentioned above does not exert any driving forces on the valve member 13.
- the intermediate open position 41 represents a basic position of the valve member 13, which the valve member 13 assumes when the drive device is deactivated.
- the valve 1 is therefore (only) partially open when the drive device 27 is deactivated, so that it can be described as a valve of a new type “Normally Partially Open”.
- the spring device 32 has, on the one hand, a closing spring 32a and, on the other hand, an opening voltage spring 32b.
- the closing spring 32a is a spring that constantly acts on the valve member 13 in the direction of the closed position, for example in the first direction of movement 28a, with a spring force that can be referred to as the closing force FS.
- the opening spring 32b is a spring that constantly acts on the valve member 13 in the opening direction, for example in the second direction of movement 28b, with a spring force that can be referred to as the opening force FO.
- the valve member 13 is therefore constantly acted upon in opposite directions of the main axis 10 by spring forces FS, FO, which are provided on the one hand by the closing spring 32a and on the other hand by the oppositely acting opening spring 32b.
- the closing spring 32a and the opening spring 32b which are also referred to as springs 32a, 32b when named together, are coordinated with one another with regard to their spring forces FS, FO so that the valve member 13 reaches the basic position described, i.e., without effective driving forces of the drive device 27 Intermediate open position 41.
- the basic position or intermediate open position 41 there is a balance of forces between the two springs 32a, 32b on the valve member 13, so that one can speak of a zero force point, since no resulting spring forces act on the valve member 13 in the axial direction of the main axis 10.
- Each of the two springs 32a, 32b is supported on the one hand on the valve member 13 and on the other hand directly or indirectly on the valve housing 2.
- springs 32a, 32b are expediently mechanical springs 32a, 32b in accordance with the illustrated exemplary embodiment.
- the drive device 27 is preferably of an electrically actuated design.
- the drive device 27 can cause a driving force acting in the axial direction of the main axis 10 on the valve member 13, which, by overcoming the spring forces FS, FO of the two springs 32a, 32b, causes a lifting movement 28 of the valve member 13 in the first direction of movement 28a or the second direction of movement 28b and through which the valve member 13 can be held in a set lifting position for as long as desired.
- the driving force of the drive device 27 adds up to the closing force FS or the opening force FO, depending on the direction of action.
- the electrically actuable drive device 27 preferably has a first drive component 34 and a second drive component 35 which interacts with the first drive component 34 to generate the drive force.
- One of the two drive components 34 , 35 is arranged on the valve member 13
- the other of the two drive components 34 , 35 is arranged on the valve housing 2 .
- the first drive component 34 is located on the valve member 13 and the second drive component 35 is located on the valve housing.
- One of the two drive components 34, 35 is expediently designed as an electrical coil device 34a which can be energized by applying the aforementioned actuation voltage.
- the lifting position currently assumed by the valve member 13 relative to the valve seat 8 depends on the height and polarity of the actuating voltage applied to the electrical coil device 34a.
- the polarity chosen determines one Current direction of the electrical current flowing through the coil device 34a and, accordingly, the effective direction of the driving force that can be generated.
- the first drive component 34 is the coil device 34a.
- the same is arranged, for example, on the valve member 13 and is supported in particular by its side wall 18. It therefore always follows the lifting movement 28.
- the coil device 34a cooperates with the second drive component 35, which is stationary with respect to the valve housing 2.
- the drive device 27 is an electrodynamic drive device 27.
- the second drive component 35 contains a permanent magnet device 35a, which cooperates with the coil device 34a according to the electrodynamic operating principle.
- the permanent magnet device 35a dips into the valve member interior 22 from the axial rear side 19. For example, it sits on a support projection 20 of the closure element 11 which protrudes centrally into the receiving recess 16 and is, for example, rod-shaped.
- the permanent magnet device 35a consists of at least one and, for example, exactly one ring magnet 44, which is coaxial with the main axis 10 and is axially flanked on both sides by an annular disk-shaped ferromagnetic flux guide disk 45f.
- the second drive component 35 preferably also contains a ferromagnetic return sleeve 46 which is stationary with respect to the valve housing 2 and which is coaxially inserted into the receiving recess 16 and the valve member 13 radially on the outside encloses.
- the return sleeve 46 expediently functions at the same time as a guide element for the radial support and linear guidance of the valve member 13 during the lifting movement 28.
- the valve member 13 has a plurality of axially spaced annular collar-like guide ribs 47 on the radial outside, which rest against the inner circumferential surface of the return sleeve 46 in a slidably displaceable manner.
- the coil device 34a which has at least one coil section 48 made of wound wire, is expediently arranged axially between the guide ribs 47.
- the charge carriers flowing therein cooperate with the permanent magnet field of the permanent magnet device 35a, so that the so-called Lorentz force is created, which is effective as a driving force for the valve member 13.
- the direction of the current determines the direction of action of the Lorentz force and consequently of the driving force; the current intensity determines the level of the driving force.
- the electrodynamic drive device 27 is constructed as a moving coil drive.
- an embodiment as a submersible magnet drive with a reversed arrangement of the two drive components 34, 35 and a permanent magnet device 35a that follows the lifting movement 28 is also possible.
- the second drive component 35 is designed as a ferromagnetic device instead of as a permanent magnet device 35a, which interacts with the coil device 34a according to the reluctance principle. It goes without saying that other designs of drive devices 27 can also be provided for actuating the valve member 13.
- the valve member 13 is preferably designed in several parts, and has a particularly one-piece valve member base body 48, which is equipped on the axial front side 15 with a sealing element 49 made of an elastomeric material or another rubber-elastic material.
- a sealing element 49 made of an elastomeric material or another rubber-elastic material.
- the pot shape of the valve member 13 mentioned is predetermined by the shape of the valve member base body 48.
- the bottom wall 17 of the valve member 13 is composed of a bottom portion 48a of the valve member base body 48 and the sealing element 49 attached to this bottom portion 48a at the front.
- the sealing element 43 is preferably designed in the shape of a disk. In the exemplary embodiment, it is buttoned into the bottom section 42a, but can additionally or alternatively, for example, also be glued or welded in place. In any case, the elastically flexible sealing element 43 is supported in the axial direction of the main axis 10 by the bottom section 42a of the valve member base body 42.
- the closure surface 26 is formed on the sealing element 43.
- the closure surface 26 is expediently limited to a central region of the forward-facing front end surface of the sealing element 49.
- the outer diameter of the sealing element 49 is larger overall than the outer diameter of the closure surface 26.
- the closure surface 26 is framed by an annular surface section of the front end surface of the sealing element 49, which extends radially outwards to a radial outer circumferential surface of the sealing element 49.
- the valve 1 expediently contains control electronics 52 designed to electrically control the drive device 27.
- the control electronics 52 which is only indicated schematically, is expediently integrated into the valve housing 2, but can also be arranged outside the valve housing 2, whereby it can either be mounted on the valve housing 2 or can be arranged separately in this regard.
- the control electronics 52 is designed to supply electrical current to the drive device 27 and is connected, for example, to the coil device 34a via at least one electrical control line 53.
- the control line 53 is particularly flexible, so that the permanent magnet device 35a can follow the lifting movement 28 unhindered.
- the control electronics 52 can cause the already explained variable current supply with varying current strength and varying current direction. Operating information for the control electronics 52 can be entered at an electrical input 54 of the control electronics 52, in particular target position information for a desired stroke position of the valve member 13.
- the valve 1 is expediently equipped with a position detection device 55, which is also only indicated schematically, and which contains, for example, a permanent magnet 55a arranged on the movable valve member 13 and a Hall sensor 55b arranged fixedly on the valve housing 2 and there, for example, on the closure element 11.
- a position detection device 55 which contains, for example, a permanent magnet 55a arranged on the movable valve member 13 and a Hall sensor 55b arranged fixedly on the valve housing 2 and there, for example, on the closure element 11.
- the Hall sensor 55b is able to detect lift positions of the valve member 13 that can be assumed within the scope of the lifting movement 28, with stepless detection of each lifting position including the closed position being possible in particular.
- the position detection device 55 has at least one feedback line - Device 56 is electrically connected to the control electronics 52 in order to supply it with the determined position data.
- the control electronics 52 expediently has a control functionality that enables a position-controlled control of the drive device 27 and accordingly allows a very precise positioning of the valve member 13 in the desired target stroke positions.
- the spring device 32 acting on the valve member 13 is preferably designed so that the valve member 13, in the intermediate open position, releases a flow cross section for the fluid passing through the feed channel mouth 7, which is at least substantially and preferably exactly half as large as an in Maximum flow cross section released at the maximum open position of the valve member. In the unactuated operating state, valve 1 is half-open in this case.
- the spring device 32 can be designed in any other way depending on the respective application in order to keep a specifically desired flow cross section open in the intermediate open position.
- the desired design of the spring device 32 can be achieved simply by selecting coordinated force-path characteristics and/or winding pitches for the closing spring 32a and the opening spring 32b.
- the two springs 32a, 32b are designed differently from one another, in particular in such a way that the closing spring 32a has a steeper spring characteristic than the opening spring 32b.
- the force-related design of the spring device 32 is, for example, favored by the fact that the closing spring 32a and the opening spring 32b are separate, individual springs 32a, 32b of the spring device 32.
- each spring 32a, 32b can be manufactured and provided as an independent component, independently of the other spring 32b, 32a.
- Both springs 32a, 32b are preferably designed as compression springs. This applies to the illustrated exemplary embodiment as well as an advantageous design of both springs 32a, 32b as coil springs.
- both the closing spring 32a and the opening spring 32b are designed as a helical compression spring.
- the advantageous possibility of carrying out a coaxial arrangement of the two springs 32a, 32b which is also implemented in the exemplary embodiment, with one of the two springs 32a, 32b coaxially enclosing the other of the two springs 32b, 32a at least over a partial length.
- the two springs 32a, 32b overlap in the axial direction of the main axis 10.
- the closing spring 32a has a smaller diameter than the opening spring 32b, with the opening spring 32b enclosing the closing spring 32a at a radial distance.
- a front end section 58 of the valve member 13 which has the closure surface 26 preferably has a hat-shaped shape.
- the front end section 58 includes the preferably circularly contoured bottom wall 17, which extends from the Edge of the bottom wall 17 in the direction of the axial rear side 19 and thus axially extending away from the feed channel mouth 7 sleeve-shaped side wall 59 and an annular disk-shaped support wall 60 arranged at an axial distance from the bottom wall 17 in a coaxial arrangement on the side wall 59, which from the side wall 59 protrudes radially outwards.
- the sleeve-shaped side wall 59 and the support wall 60 are components of the side wall 18 of the overall pot-shaped valve member 13.
- a sleeve-shaped support wall 62 adjoins the support wall 60 towards the axial rear side 19, which also forms a section of the side wall 18 and which carries the first drive component 34.
- the closing spring 32a is arranged in this valve member interior 22, which is consequently enclosed radially on the outside by the sleeve-shaped side wall 59.
- it is supported on the inner surface of the bottom wall 17 of the valve member 13, which is axially opposite the closure surface 26, and on the other hand, on a housing-fixed support body 23, which is axially opposite the bottom wall 17.
- the support body 63 is advantageously formed by the permanent magnet device 35a.
- the opening spring 32b is located inside the valve chamber 3 outside the valve member interior 22, enclosing the sleeve-shaped side wall 59. In the axial direction of the main axis 10, it is supported on the one hand on the valve member 13 and on the other hand on the valve housing 2. Preferably, the support with respect to the valve member 13 takes place on the surface of the support wall 60 facing the bottom surface 16a and plus the valve housing 2 on the bottom surface 16a of the receiving recess 16.
- valve member 13 When the valve 1 is in operation, the valve member 13 assumes the basic position that defines an intermediate open position 41 as shown in the drawing when the fourth drive device 27 is deactivated due to the lack of available drive forces. Starting from this basic position, the valve member 13 can move in the direction of the closed position 42 or by overcoming the closing spring force FO of the opening spring 32b, depending on the direction of current supply to the coil device 34a controlled by the control electronics 52, or by overcoming the closing spring force t FS of the closing spring 32a can be shifted in the direction of the maximum open position 43.
- control electronics 52 causes a reversal of the current direction in the coil device 34a when passing through the intermediate open position 41.
- the control electronics 52 Starting from the closed position 42, the control electronics 52 initially causes a reduction in the driving force acting in the first direction of movement 28a, with the current direction in the coil device 34a being reversed after overcoming the force zero point in the intermediate open position 41, so that one in the second Driving force acting in the direction of movement 28b is created. Starting from the maximum open position 43, this operating sequence takes place in reverse.
- the maximum open position of the valve member 13 is preferably defined by the fact that the valve member 13 is in its position
- the lifting movement 28 taking place in the second direction of movement 28b comes to rest against a stop 70 fixed to the housing.
- the valve member 13 is pressed against the stop 70 by a correspondingly high drive force of the drive device 27.
- the stop 70 is expediently formed by the support body 23.
- the closed position results from the contact of the closure surface 26 on the valve seat 8 during the lifting movement 28 taking place in the first direction of movement 28a.
- the valve 1 is preferably equipped with means which compensate for the feed fluid pressure present via the feed channel 4 on the valve member 13 in order to keep the actuating forces for switching and holding the valve member 13 as low as possible.
- These compensation means include a compensation surface 37 formed on the valve member 13 and oriented axially opposite to the closure surface 26, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed on the back of the bottom wall 17 and delimits a compensation chamber 24 which is formed by a partial space of the valve member interior 22 is formed.
- the compensation chamber 24 communicates via a fluid channel, which is referred to as a compensation channel 36 due to its mode of operation, with the area in the valve housing 2 that is axially in front of the closure surface 26.
- the compensation chamber 24 is, for example, delimited radially by a sleeve-shaped chamber wall 65, which is a component of the valve member 13 and projects away from the bottom wall 17 towards the axial rear side 19. It is coaxially enclosed by the sleeve-shaped side wall 59. Between the sleeve-shaped chamber wall 65 and the sleeve-shaped side wall 59 there is an annular space in which the closing spring 32a extends.
- the compensation chamber 24 is closed by a housing-fixed and in particular piston-shaped closure body 66, which rests with a dynamic seal on the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve-shaped chamber wall 65, which is axially movable with respect to the closure body 66.
- the closure body 66 is arranged on the front side of the support projection 20.
- the compensation channel 36 in particular passes through the bottom wall 17 of the valve member 13, communicating with the compensation chamber 24 at the back and opening out at its front via a tap opening 38 to the closure surface 26.
- the fluid pressure prevailing in the area upstream of the closure surface 26 is tapped through the compensation channel 36, which therefore also prevails at the same level in the compensation chamber 24. Consequently, the closure surface 26 and the compensation surface 37 are subjected to the same pressure, so that the pressure forces are compensated.
- the compensation area 37 is at least essentially and in particular exactly the same size as the cross-sectional area of the feed channel mouth 7 framed by the valve seat 8.
- valve 1 It is expedient if measures are taken in the valve 1 which enable possible geometric component tolerances and/or spring tolerances to be easily compensated for during production. These measures consist of a corresponding calibration option.
- the calibration can be carried out by moving the valve seat 8 relative to the valve housing 2 in the axial direction of the main axis 10 in order to change the axial distance to the bottom surface 16a.
- valve seat 8 In a calibration process that can be carried out during the manufacture of the valve 1, the valve seat 8 is kept as long as axially shifted until a desired flow rate is reached for a given current strength of the electrical current flowing through the coil device 34a, which is measured during the calibration process.
- the displaceability of the valve seat 8, which enables calibration, is realized, for example, in that the valve seat 8 is formed on the end face on a sleeve-shaped valve seat element 67 that is separate from the valve housing 2 and aligned coaxially with the main axis 10.
- the valve seat element 67 is inserted with an axial position that is variable with respect to the axial direction of the main axis 10 into an inner end section 68 of the feed channel 6 opposite the outer connection opening 4a and is fixed to the housing.
- the valve seat element 67 is movable and in particular linearly displaceable in the axial direction of the main axis 10 relative to the valve housing 2 as part of a calibration movement 69 indicated by a double arrow.
- the position of use of the valve seat element 67 set with respect to the valve housing 2 is blocked, so that no undesirable position changes can occur.
- valve seat element 67 is pressed into the inner end section 68 of the feed channel 4 with a variable press-in depth and is fixed in a force-fitting manner.
- an adhesive connection can be provided for fixation.
- valve seat element 67 as a screw element with an external thread that is screwed into an internal thread formed in the inner end section 68. In this case, when the desired position of use is reached during the During calibration, the threaded connection is permanently blocked in a suitable manner.
- the coil device 34a is activated by means of the control electronics 52 or an ex ⁇
- valve member 13 based on the sum of the actuating forces acting on it, i.e. the driving force generated by the applied current as well as the closing force FS and the opening force t0 FO of the two springs 32a, 32b, assumes a certain lifting position, whereupon the valve seat element 67 is adjusted by the calibration movement 69 in the axial direction of the main axis 10 relative to the valve housing 2 until a desired flow is achieved.
- Any flow sensor can be used to measure flow during calibration.
- the valve member 13 is constantly acted upon by the closing spring 32a with a spring force acting in the first direction of movement 28a0, referred to as the closing force FS, and by the opening spring 32b constantly with a spring force acting in the second direction of movement 28b Spring force known as opening force FO is applied.
- the intermediate open position 41 of the valve member 13 is located where, taking into account the spring characteristics of the two springs 32a, 32b, the closing force FS and the opening force FO are equal.
- the intermediate open position 41 which acts as the basic position, can be specified as desired by a correspondingly coordinated design of the two springs 32a, 32b. This can happen in particular as part of a calibration during the manufacture of the valve 1.
- the valve 1 can optionally be equipped with adjustment means which allow a subsequent change in the spring preload of the closing spring 32a and/or the opening spring 32b in order to be able to vary and adjust the basic position as required even after the valve 1 has been completed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380037422.3A CN119137404A (zh) | 2022-05-04 | 2023-04-28 | 用于控制流体的流动的阀 |
| KR1020247039637A KR20250004014A (ko) | 2022-05-04 | 2023-04-28 | 유체의 흐름을 제어하기 위한 밸브 |
| US18/862,366 US20250283551A1 (en) | 2022-05-04 | 2023-04-28 | Valve for controlling the flow of a fluid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022110949.6 | 2022-05-04 | ||
| DE102022110949.6A DE102022110949A1 (de) | 2022-05-04 | 2022-05-04 | Ventil zur Steuerung der Strömung eines Fluides |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023213714A1 true WO2023213714A1 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
Family
ID=86424679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/061274 Ceased WO2023213714A1 (de) | 2022-05-04 | 2023-04-28 | Ventil zur steuerung der strömung eines fluides |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250283551A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250004014A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119137404A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022110949A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023213714A1 (de) |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2208183A1 (de) | 1972-02-22 | 1973-08-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Magnetventil |
| EP0611349B1 (de) | 1991-11-12 | 1996-02-28 | ITT Automotive Europe GmbH | Drucksteuerventil |
| DE29723707U1 (de) | 1997-12-09 | 1999-01-07 | Mannesmann AG, 40213 Düsseldorf | Stetigventil, insbesondere elektropneumatisches Stetigventil |
| US6273396B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2001-08-14 | Denso Corporation | Electromagnetic valve |
| EP0698738B1 (de) | 1994-07-29 | 2001-10-31 | HOERBIGER KOMPRESSORTECHNIK SERVICES GmbH | Ansaugregelventil für Rotationsverdichter |
| US6367766B1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2002-04-09 | Robert Briant | Proportional flow valve |
| US6598623B2 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2003-07-29 | Siemens Automotive Inc. | Fuel tank pressure control valve |
| DE102013011759A1 (de) | 2013-07-13 | 2015-01-15 | Festo Ag & Co. Kg | Magnetventil |
| DE102014220222A1 (de) | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektromagnetisch betätigbares Proportionalventil |
| EP1959177B1 (de) | 2007-02-14 | 2016-12-14 | Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems Japan Co., Ltd. | Normalerweise geöffnetes, elektromagnetisches Ventil |
| EP3067599B1 (de) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-05-10 | FESTO AG & Co. KG | Ventil |
| WO2017080602A1 (de) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Festo Ag & Co. Kg | Ventil zur steuerung der strömung eines fluides |
| US10865907B2 (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-12-15 | Buerkert Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Solenoid valve |
| US20220034422A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2022-02-03 | Padmini Vna Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd. | An integrated system for determining plunger position in a solenoid valve and method therefore |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2887123A (en) * | 1956-09-17 | 1959-05-19 | Logansport Machine Co Inc | Air pressure regulating unit |
| DE1945805U (de) | 1966-02-01 | 1966-09-08 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Elektromagnet zum betaetigen eines geraetes, insbesondere eines ventils. |
| JP2003065461A (ja) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-05 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電磁駆動弁の制御装置 |
| DE102005022693A1 (de) | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Hydac Fluidtechnik Gmbh | Ventil, insbesondere Proportional-Druckbegrenzungsventil |
| DE102007005465A1 (de) | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-16 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Elektrisch ansteuerbares Ventil |
| US7516940B2 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2009-04-14 | General Electric Company | Electromagnetic actuators |
| DE102018209665A1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Differenzdruckventil und Bremsanlage mit einem solchen Ventil |
-
2022
- 2022-05-04 DE DE102022110949.6A patent/DE102022110949A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-04-28 KR KR1020247039637A patent/KR20250004014A/ko active Pending
- 2023-04-28 WO PCT/EP2023/061274 patent/WO2023213714A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-28 US US18/862,366 patent/US20250283551A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-28 CN CN202380037422.3A patent/CN119137404A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2208183A1 (de) | 1972-02-22 | 1973-08-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Magnetventil |
| EP0611349B1 (de) | 1991-11-12 | 1996-02-28 | ITT Automotive Europe GmbH | Drucksteuerventil |
| EP0698738B1 (de) | 1994-07-29 | 2001-10-31 | HOERBIGER KOMPRESSORTECHNIK SERVICES GmbH | Ansaugregelventil für Rotationsverdichter |
| DE29723707U1 (de) | 1997-12-09 | 1999-01-07 | Mannesmann AG, 40213 Düsseldorf | Stetigventil, insbesondere elektropneumatisches Stetigventil |
| US6273396B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2001-08-14 | Denso Corporation | Electromagnetic valve |
| US6367766B1 (en) | 1999-07-09 | 2002-04-09 | Robert Briant | Proportional flow valve |
| US6598623B2 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2003-07-29 | Siemens Automotive Inc. | Fuel tank pressure control valve |
| EP1959177B1 (de) | 2007-02-14 | 2016-12-14 | Autoliv Nissin Brake Systems Japan Co., Ltd. | Normalerweise geöffnetes, elektromagnetisches Ventil |
| DE102013011759A1 (de) | 2013-07-13 | 2015-01-15 | Festo Ag & Co. Kg | Magnetventil |
| DE102014220222A1 (de) | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektromagnetisch betätigbares Proportionalventil |
| EP3067599B1 (de) * | 2015-03-09 | 2017-05-10 | FESTO AG & Co. KG | Ventil |
| WO2017080602A1 (de) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | Festo Ag & Co. Kg | Ventil zur steuerung der strömung eines fluides |
| EP3234423B1 (de) * | 2015-11-12 | 2018-03-14 | Festo AG & Co. KG | Ventil zur steuerung der strömung eines fluides |
| US10865907B2 (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-12-15 | Buerkert Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Solenoid valve |
| US20220034422A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2022-02-03 | Padmini Vna Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd. | An integrated system for determining plunger position in a solenoid valve and method therefore |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN119137404A (zh) | 2024-12-13 |
| US20250283551A1 (en) | 2025-09-11 |
| DE102022110949A1 (de) | 2023-11-09 |
| KR20250004014A (ko) | 2025-01-07 |
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