WO2023213354A1 - Procédé de commande de puissance réactive pour maintenance de tension décentralisée dans un réseau de distribution, et onduleur et procédé de fonctionnement - Google Patents

Procédé de commande de puissance réactive pour maintenance de tension décentralisée dans un réseau de distribution, et onduleur et procédé de fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023213354A1
WO2023213354A1 PCT/DE2023/100315 DE2023100315W WO2023213354A1 WO 2023213354 A1 WO2023213354 A1 WO 2023213354A1 DE 2023100315 W DE2023100315 W DE 2023100315W WO 2023213354 A1 WO2023213354 A1 WO 2023213354A1
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voltage
power
reactive power
limit value
decentralized
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PCT/DE2023/100315
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marian MEYER
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Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen
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Publication of WO2023213354A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023213354A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reactive power control method for the decentralized voltage maintenance of a distribution network, in particular a low-voltage network, with at least one decentralized power generator, wherein a local network voltage of the distribution network is detected at the feed point of the electricity generator, an active power is fed into the distribution network and a reactive power is fed in depending on the local network voltage.
  • the power grid used to transmit and distribute electrical energy between electricity suppliers and consumers is divided into different voltage levels.
  • the power grid in Germany is divided into four voltage levels, which differ in their properties. While the meshed power grid takes care of transport over long distances at the highest and high voltage levels, there is no comparable redundancy in the supply at medium and low voltage levels.
  • the network is supplied with a nominal voltage of 0.4 kV from a central transformer at the transition to the higher-level medium-voltage network, whereby several parallel conductor strands can also be used. This structure enables a clear and cost-effective network structure.
  • the DIN EN 50160 standard defines the requirements for the voltage quality in the distribution networks. These contain specifications for static voltage quality that must be adhered to to ensure a reliable supply.
  • Compliance with the voltage band can be achieved, for example, by feeding in reactive power from the decentralized power generator.
  • the local network voltage of the distribution network is recorded at the feed point of the power generator, at which it feeds the power into the distribution network.
  • This local network voltage is influenced by the power inputs from the other decentralized power generators that are also in the distribution network and are located along the string coming from the central transformer.
  • This local network voltage corresponds to the voltage of the distribution network at the feed point compared to the reference potential.
  • the decentralized power generator also feeds reactive power into the distribution network in order to compensate for a voltage increase caused by the active power feed-in.
  • the strength of this reactive power fed in depends on a predetermined characteristic curve, which specifies the reactive power to be fed in depending on the local grid voltage.
  • the decentralized power generator uses its inverter, which is in particular a grid-following inverter. To maintain the voltage, this is operated in such a way that the reactive power is fed in, ie the reactive power is fed into the distribution network, in accordance with the reactive power control method.
  • the inverter and/or the decentralized power generator Generators either have control and/or regulation devices specifically designed for voltage maintenance or a variable-use computer or microcontroller on which a computer program designed for voltage maintenance is installed.
  • a disadvantage of these known methods is that they start feeding reactive power into the distribution network at local network voltages that are still far from violating the voltage band. Due to this early reactive power feed-in, performance-related system and network losses occur, which are also associated with corresponding financial losses. These will increase with an increased expansion of decentralized power generators. Nevertheless, this early reactive power feed-in is necessary with the known methods, since decentralized power generators located at the start of the string would otherwise not be involved in maintaining the voltage.
  • decentralized power generators located at the beginning of the string also participate in voltage maintenance, even though they cannot yet detect local voltage maintenance problems, since the decentralized power generators at the end of the string would otherwise not be able to maintain the local grid voltage at their feed points, which is influenced by all decentralized power generators.
  • the task of the present invention is therefore to enable voltage maintenance at the feed point by means of reactive power feed-in by decentralized power generators, to reduce the system and network losses caused by the reactive power and thus to increase efficiency.
  • This task is solved in a reactive power control method of the type mentioned at the beginning in that the local grid voltage is regulated as a controlled variable to a voltage limit of the local grid voltage and the reactive power is used as a manipulated variable.
  • the reactive power fed into the distribution network is not adjusted depending on the voltage using a static characteristic curve, but rather the reactive power feed is used as a reference variable to regulate the local network voltage to the voltage limit value.
  • the specified voltage limit value is exceeded when the active power fed in, ie increasing active power feed-in, increases.
  • the system and network losses caused by reactive power can be reduced by 70 - 90% compared to the known method, without reducing the effectiveness in terms of the integration potential, ie the efficiency is increased.
  • the integration potential is a measure of the maximum output of all decentralized power generators that can be connected to the distribution network without violating the voltage tolerance or load capacity of transformers and lines. By reducing system and network losses, significant economic savings can also be achieved for the operators of the electricity network and the electricity generator.
  • the local grid voltage should be regulated to the voltage limit as a reference variable.
  • the voltage in the distribution network is maintained decentrally. There is no need for a central component that maintains the voltage of the entire distribution network. Individual decentralized power generators in the distribution network can independently make a contribution to maintaining the voltage. External instructions, control and/or regulation commands from a central component of the distribution network directed to the at least one decentralized power generator can be avoided.
  • the regulation of the local grid voltage to the voltage limit value can be done decentrally, in particular by the power generator, at whose feed point the local grid voltage is recorded.
  • the method is preferably carried out serverless, in particular implemented in the inverter of the decentralized power generator.
  • a central server which is used for data exchange between components of the distribution network, acts as a central control device and directly or indirectly regulates one or more power generators, acts as a central control device and directly or indirectly controls one or more power generators and/or on which the reactive power control method is carried out, can be dispensed with .
  • the local grid voltage is preferably recorded, in particular exclusively, locally at the feed point. Detection by a central component of the distribution network and in particular an error-prone calculation back to the local network voltage from non-local network parameters of the distribution network can be avoided.
  • the local mains voltage can in particular be measured locally.
  • the local detection of the local grid voltage can be carried out by the decentralized power generator, at whose feed point the local grid voltage is detected.
  • only locally recorded values are used in the method as values of network parameters, such as the local network voltage, the reactive power and/or the active power.
  • network parameters such as the local network voltage, the reactive power and/or the active power.
  • a control deviation is preferably determined from the local mains voltage and the voltage limit value. This control deviation can be used as an input variable for a control device. Based on the control deviation, the control device can determine the reactive power that should be fed into the distribution network by the decentralized power generator. In this way, the reactive power can serve as a manipulated variable in the control loop.
  • the reactive power is only fed in when the voltage limit of the local grid voltage is reached. There is It is possible that no reactive power is fed in if the detected local grid voltage is lower than the voltage limit. In this way, the local grid voltage can be maintained at the voltage limit value when it is reached. Participation of decentralized power generators located at the start of the string, without there being a local voltage band violation at their feed points, in the voltage maintenance of decentralized power generators downstream can be limited to times with a generally high power feed into the distribution network.
  • the voltage limit value can form an upper limit of a voltage dead band in which unnecessary reactive power injection can be prevented. The voltage dead band can reduce losses both in the inverter and in the network operator's lines.
  • the voltage limit value is a variable limit value that is dependent on the active power feed.
  • the voltage limit value as a reference variable can take on a value that changes with the active power fed in.
  • the variable voltage limit value can depend on the active power supply, i.e. H. the active power fed in can be determined at the feed-in point. In this way, the size of the voltage dead band can be changed depending on the power.
  • variable voltage limit value is reduced depending on the active power.
  • reactive power can be fed in at lower local grid voltages than would be the case with lower active powers.
  • reactive power feed-in in the area of smaller active powers can only be achieved at significantly higher local grid levels. Tensions occur.
  • the voltage dead band can be reduced by lowering the variable voltage limit depending on the active power as the active power feed-in increases. The reactive power feed-in and the losses associated with it can be avoided in the area of smaller active powers over a larger range of the local grid voltage than in the case of higher active powers.
  • variable voltage limit value is determined by means of a, in particular continuous and/or monotonically falling, voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic curve depending on the active power feed-in.
  • a voltage limit active power feed-in characteristic curve With a voltage limit active power feed-in characteristic curve, the values of the variable voltage limit can be easily specified for different active power feeds. With a constant voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic, sudden changes in the control process can be avoided. With a monotonically falling voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic curve, an increase in the variable voltage limit value as the active power feed-in increases can be prevented, since the voltage limit value becomes smaller as the active power feed-in increases or remains maximally constant over an active power range.
  • the voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic curve has a power threshold value above which the dependency between the active power feed-in and the voltage limit value changes.
  • a power threshold By using a power threshold, the voltage limit-active power injection characteristic can be divided into at least two different regimes. In these regimes, the active power-dependent change behavior of the voltage limit value can differ from one another.
  • the power threshold can be in the range from 20% to 80%, especially in the range from 50% to 70%, preferably in the range from 55% to 65%, particularly preferably at 60%, of the nominal power of the power generator.
  • variable voltage limit value assumes a constant value when active power is fed in below the power threshold value.
  • a voltage dead band of constant size can be specified for active power feeds below the power threshold value.
  • the constant value can be in the range from 106% to 110%, in particular in the range from 107% to 109%, preferably in the range from 107.5% to 108.5%, particularly preferably at 108%, of the nominal voltage of the distribution network.
  • variable voltage limit value falls, in particular linearly, with active power feed-in above the power threshold value as the active power feed-in increases.
  • the voltage dead band can shrink in this way, so that the reactive power feed-in occurs at increasingly smaller local grid voltages.
  • the variable voltage limit value preferably assumes a minimum value when the active power feed corresponds to the nominal power of the power generator.
  • the nominal power of the power generator can be the nominal active power that the power generator can achieve at its maximum. When the nominal power is reached, the maximum possible active power can be fed in by the power generator.
  • the minimum value that the variable voltage limit value assumes at the rated power can be a predeterminable voltage offset below the constant value that the variable voltage limit value assumes for low active power feeds below the power threshold value.
  • the minimum value can be in the range from 103% to 107%, in particular in the range from 104% to 106%, preferably in the range from 104.5% to 105.5 %, particularly preferably 105%, of the nominal voltage of the distribution network.
  • a maximum reactive power is specified, up to which the reactive power to be fed in can be increased. Up to this maximum reactive power, the variable voltage limit can be prevented from being exceeded.
  • the reactive power fed in can reach saturation from the maximum reactive power.
  • the maximum reactive power can correspond in particular to a maximum shift factor of 0.90.
  • the control can remain active, but can initially no longer influence the manipulated variable and thus the local grid voltage. Only after a drop in the local grid voltage or a reduction in the active power feed-in, in particular due to influences outside the control system, can the control system influence the local grid voltage again.
  • the reactive power control method cannot cause a further increase in the reactive power feed-in, especially when the local grid voltage and/or active power feed-in increases.
  • the decentralized power generator can continuously feed the maximum reactive power into the distribution network, regardless of a further increase in the local grid voltage.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that only inductive reactive power is fed in. In this way, there is no need to feed in capacitive reactive power. An undesirable increase in voltage Exercise using capacitive reactive power can be excluded in this way.
  • a control loop without a stationary setpoint deviation is used.
  • a control loop without a stationary setpoint deviation cannot have a control deviation or control difference between the controlled variable and the specified reference variable in the steady state.
  • this can be achieved with a control loop that has an integrating control behavior.
  • Such a control loop can contain at least one pure integrator.
  • the control loop can be equipped as an I, PI or PID controller.
  • control takes place in discrete time steps. Nevertheless, the regulation can also take place continuously.
  • the reactive power feed-in can be done in particular using the equation
  • Qt+1 Qt + K (Umess, t - Umax) can be determined.
  • Q t +i indicates the reactive power to be fed in at time t+1, which consists of the reactive power Qt fed in at time t, a weighting factor K indicating the transient response over time and the difference between the local mains voltage Umess measured at time t, t and the Voltage limit Umax is determined.
  • Qt+1 Qt + K (Urness,t - Umax(P) ) can be used.
  • Qt+1 max(Qt + K ( Umess,t - Umax(P)), 0) can be used, in which only an inductive reactive power, ie when using the consumer counting arrow system, a reactive power with a positive value, is fed in.
  • the computer program of the type mentioned is proposed to include commands which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause it to carry out the reactive power control method described above, which results in the advantages described in connection with the reactive power control method.
  • the computer program can be executable by a computer that controls the decentralized power generator, in particular an inverter of the decentralized power generator.
  • the decentralized power generator in particular its inverter, can have detection means for detecting the local grid voltage.
  • the computer program controlling the decentralized power generator can read out the detected local grid voltage and/or cause the detection means to detect the local grid voltage.
  • a computer-readable medium is also proposed on which the previously described computer program is stored, which results in the advantages described in connection with the computer program.
  • an inverter of the type mentioned at the outset it is proposed to solve the above-mentioned problem that it has means, in particular a control device, for decentralized voltage maintenance in the manner described above, in particular for executing the computer program described above.
  • a control device can specify a control loop in terms of circuitry, in particular include a hardware implementation of the control loop, such as a controller.
  • the control device can have a memory for storing a voltage limit value or the voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic curve.
  • the control device can have a readout device for reading out the active power-dependent value of the variable voltage limit value from the voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic curve.
  • the means for maintaining the voltage can also be a computer or a programmable computer chip installed in the inverter, on which the previously described computer program is stored and can be executed to maintain the voltage.
  • the inverter can have a detection means for detecting the local grid voltage.
  • Each of the decentralized power generators can be assigned a means for decentralized voltage maintenance. This means that each of the decentralized power generators can contribute to maintaining voltage locally and decentrally. The resources and in particular the decentralized power producers cannot exchange data with each other. In particular, the means for decentralized voltage maintenance can be part of the decentralized power generator.
  • a control device can specify a control loop in terms of circuitry, in particular include a hardware implementation of the control loop, such as a controller.
  • the control device can have a memory for storing a voltage limit value or the voltage limit value-active power feed characteristic curve.
  • the control device can have a readout device for reading out the active power-dependent value of the variable voltage limit from the voltage limit-active power feed characteristic curve.
  • the respective means for voltage maintenance can also be a computer or a programmable computer chip installed in the respective decentralized power generator, on which the previously described computer program is stored and can be executed for voltage maintenance.
  • Fig. 1 the strand of a distribution network with several decentralized
  • Fig. 2 the control circuit of the reactive power control method according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 a voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic curve
  • Fig. 4 the control behavior of the reactive power control with increasing active power feed-in.
  • the distribution network 2 in the form of a low-voltage network, which is connected to the higher-level medium-voltage network 200 via a central transformer 100. Starting from the central transformer 100, the distribution network 2 extends as a strand 3.
  • the distribution network 2 has several decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4 arranged between the start of the strand 3.1 and the end of the strand 3.2, which are in particular photovoltaic systems. These decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4 generate electricity at various points in the distribution network 2 and, together with this, feed active power P into the strand 3 of the distribution network 2 via their respective feed points 4. Without correction, this additional and generally not constant power feed into the distribution network 2 would lead to significant location-dependent fluctuations in the voltage of the distribution network 2.
  • the voltage quality required to ensure a stable power supply for the end consumers also located in the distribution network 2 could not be maintained in this way, since the local voltage of the distribution network 2 is not in a voltage band predetermined by predetermined voltage tolerances, typically +/- 10%>, around a nominal voltage could be held.
  • the decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4 record the local network voltage U of the distribution network 2 at their respective feed points 4 in order to achieve decentralized voltage maintenance on this basis.
  • the individual decentralized power generators do not exchange data with each other or with a central control device of the distribution network 2.
  • the decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4 feed not only an active power P into the distribution network 2 at their feed points 4, but also a reactive power Q dependent on the local grid voltage U.
  • the control circuit 2 shows a control circuit 1 with which the reactive power control method according to the invention for decentralized voltage maintenance of the distribution network 2 is carried out.
  • the control circuit 1 is described below as the control circuit of the decentralized power generator PV4, although the other power generators PV1 to PV3 of the distribution network 2 can also have control circuits 1 designed in the same way.
  • the local mains voltage U is used as a controlled variable, which is recorded as described above and regulated by the control circuit 1 to maintain the voltage.
  • the control circuit uses 1 a voltage limit value Umax as a reference variable to which the local mains voltage U should be regulated.
  • a control deviation E is determined from the local network voltage U and the voltage limit value Umax and used as an input variable of the control device 6. Based on the control deviation E, the control device 6 determines the reactive power Q, which is fed into the distribution network 2 by an inverter of the decentralized power generator PV4 and thus serves as a manipulated variable of the control circuit 1.
  • the control device 6 can use the control deviation E, which corresponds to the difference between the local grid voltage U and the voltage limit value Umax, to determine whether the local grid voltage U is smaller than the voltage limit value Umax. If the local network voltage U is below the voltage limit Umax, the control device 6 can ensure that no reactive power Q is fed into the distribution network 2. In this way, the reactive power Q is only fed in when the voltage limit Umax of the local grid voltage U is reached.
  • the fed-in reactive power Q causes a change in the local grid voltage U through the control behavior 8.
  • the active power feed-in and reactive power feed-in from the other decentralized power generators PV1 to PV3 and others also influence Influences the local grid voltage U at feed-in point 4 of the decentralized power generator PV4.
  • These influences on the local grid voltage U, which are not directly caused by the decentralized power generator PV4, are summarized in the disturbance behavior 9 of the controlled system 7, which affects the local grid voltage U as a disturbance variable Z.
  • Both the disturbance variable Z and the fed-in reactive power Q. in combination cause a change in the local grid voltage U at the feed-in point 4 of the decentralized power generator PV4. This changed local mains voltage U is then recorded and compared again with the voltage limit value Umax the next time the control circuit 1 runs.
  • This reactive power control can take place either in discrete time steps or as a continuous-time control.
  • the control device 6 can have an integrating control behavior.
  • the control device 6 and thus also the control circuit 1 contains a pure integrator. It can be designed as an I, PI or PID controller.
  • the voltage limit value Umax can be specified as a power-independent limit value, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the voltage limit value Umax is a variable limit value that is dependent on the active power P fed in, ie the active power feed P, and is in particular lowered depending on the active power.
  • a voltage limit value-active power feed-in characteristic curve 5 is used, as shown, for example, in FIG. 3. This constant and monotonically falling voltage limit value active power feed-in characteristic curve 5 indicates the value of the voltage limit value Umax depending on the active power P fed in by the decentralized power generator PV4.
  • the voltage limit active power feed-in characteristic curve 5 is described as a characteristic curve for regulating the decentralized power generator PV4, although the other power generators PV1 to PV3 of the distribution network 2 are also regulated with the aid of the same voltage limit active power feed-in characteristic curve 5 can.
  • the voltage limit value Umax is given in FIG. 3 as a multiple of the nominal voltage of the distribution network 2, which corresponds to 230 V, for example.
  • the active power P fed in is given as a multiple of the nominal power of the decentralized power generator PV4, whereby the nominal power is the active power P which the decentralized power generator PV4 can feed into the distribution network 2 at most under ideal conditions.
  • the voltage limit value active power feed characteristic curve 5 has a power threshold value P rei , which divides the voltage limit value active power feed characteristic curve 5 into two areas with different dependencies of the voltage limit value Umax on the active power feed P.
  • this power threshold Prei is 60% of the nominal power of the decentralized power generator PV4.
  • variable voltage limit value Umax has a constant value Umax,i. 3, this constant value Umax,i is 108% of the nominal voltage of the distribution network 2.
  • this constant value Umax,i is 108% of the nominal voltage of the distribution network 2.
  • the variable voltage limit value Umax drops from the value Umax,i by the voltage offset Uoffset to its minimum value Umax, 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows the control behavior of the reactive power control with increasing active power feed P as an example for the distribution network 2 shown in FIG Reactive power control procedure is regulated.
  • the local grid voltage U is plotted at the respective feed points 4 of the decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4.
  • the local network voltage U is given as a multiple of the nominal voltage of the distribution network 2.
  • the fed-in active power P of the individual decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4 is, as already shown in FIG. 3, as a factor of the nominal power of the respective decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4.
  • the local grid voltages U at the feed points 4 of the decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4 increase linearly as the active power feed P increases. As long as the active power feed P has not yet reached the power threshold value Prei and the local network voltages U have not yet reached the voltage limit value active power feed characteristic curve 5, the curves are in a comparatively wide voltage dead band B, in which no reactive power Q is fed into the distribution network 2 .
  • this voltage dead band B decreases as the active power P increases until the voltage dead band B reaches its narrowest width in the nominal output of the decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4.
  • the curves of the four power generators PV1 to PV4 are initially still below the voltage limit value active power feed-in characteristic curve 5, so that no reactive power is initially fed in.
  • the local grid voltage U at the feed point 4 of the decentralized power generator PV4 reaches the voltage limit value Umax applicable to this active power P, so that the reactive power feed Q to maintain the voltage, ie to maintain the voltage band of the distribution network 2, is started by the decentralized power generator PV4 . Since the local grid voltages U of the remaining decentralized power generators PV1 to PV3 have not yet reached the voltage limit value Umax with this power feed P, the decentralized power generators PV1 to PV3 do not yet feed any reactive power Q into the distribution network 2.
  • the regulated decentralized power generator PV4 feeds increasingly more reactive power Q into the distribution network 2, which leads to a reduction in the local network voltages U of all decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4, without the predetermined voltage band of the distribution network 2 being violated.
  • the increase in the reactive power feed Q of the decentralized power generator PV4 continues with increasing active power feed P until at point S2 a maximum reactive power specified, in particular by the manufacturer of the inverter, is fed into the distribution network 2 by the decentralized power generator PV4.
  • the decentralized power generator PV4 cannot feed any reactive power that exceeds this maximum reactive power into the distribution network 2.
  • the decentralized power generator PV4 also feeds in If the voltage limit value Umax is exceeded, only the maximum reactive power continues to enter the distribution network 2.
  • the local grid voltage U at the feed-in point 4 of the decentralized power generator PV3 finally reaches the voltage limit value Umax applicable to this active power P, so that the decentralized power generator PV3 begins feeding in reactive power Q to maintain the voltage.
  • this voltage maintenance by the decentralized power generator PV3 also causes a decrease in the local grid voltages U until the decentralized power generator PV3 also feeds its maximum reactive power into the distribution network 2 at point S4.
  • the decentralized power generator PV3 only feeds its maximum reactive power into the distribution network 2, so that the local grid voltages U increase again as the active power feed P increases.
  • the increase in the local grid voltage U with increasing active power feed P continues until the local grid voltage U at feed point 4 of the decentralized power generator PV2 reaches the active power-dependent voltage limit value Umax at point S5. From point S5, the decentralized power generator PV2 begins to feed reactive power Q into the distribution network 2 until, with further increased active power feed P, this takes on the value of the maximum reactive power at point S6, which the decentralized power generator PV2 can maximally feed into the distribution network 2 . As the active power feed P continues to increase, the decentralized power generator PV2 continues to feed this maximum reactive power constantly into the distribution network 2 as reactive power Q. Since the power generators PV1 to PV4 only feed inductive reactive power Q into the distribution network 2, the local grid voltage U drops during the phases in which the reactive power feed Q increases and does not increase, as is the case when capacitive reactive power Q is fed in were.
  • the reactive power control method described can be used to prevent the local grid voltage U at one of the feed points 4 of the decentralized power generators PV1 to PV4 from violating the predetermined voltage band of the distribution network 2, even if the power generator PV1 to PV4 is the one from The reactive power Q. fed into the distribution network 2 can no longer increase. Even the local network voltage U of the downstream decentralized power generator PV4 does not exceed the limit of 108% of the nominal voltage of the distribution network 2 with no active power P fed in and is permanently in a 10% voltage band around the nominal voltage of the distribution network 2.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande de puissance réactive pour maintenance de tension décentralisée dans un réseau de distribution (2), en particulier dans un réseau basse tension, comprenant au moins un générateur de puissance décentralisé (PV1-PV4), dans lequel une tension de réseau local (U) du réseau de distribution (2) est mesurée au niveau du point d'alimentation (4) du générateur de puissance (PV1-PV4), une puissance active (P) est introduite dans le réseau de distribution (2) et une puissance réactive (Q) est alimentée sur la base de la tension de réseau local (U), la tension de réseau local (U) étant commandée en tant que variable commande à une valeur limite de tension (Umax) de la tension de réseau local (U), et la puissance réactive (Q) est utilisée en tant que variable manipulée.
PCT/DE2023/100315 2022-05-05 2023-05-02 Procédé de commande de puissance réactive pour maintenance de tension décentralisée dans un réseau de distribution, et onduleur et procédé de fonctionnement WO2023213354A1 (fr)

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