WO2023213052A1 - 一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质 - Google Patents

一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2023213052A1
WO2023213052A1 PCT/CN2022/125401 CN2022125401W WO2023213052A1 WO 2023213052 A1 WO2023213052 A1 WO 2023213052A1 CN 2022125401 W CN2022125401 W CN 2022125401W WO 2023213052 A1 WO2023213052 A1 WO 2023213052A1
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sound source
underwater
signal
distance
waveform envelope
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PCT/CN2022/125401
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French (fr)
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秦继兴
吴禹沈
李整林
王海斌
吴双林
王梦圆
顾怡鸣
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中国科学院声学研究所
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/18—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using ultrasonic, sonic, or infrasonic waves
    • G01S5/30—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location

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  • the invention belongs to the technical fields of hydroacoustic engineering, ocean engineering and sonar, and specifically relates to a deep sea sound source positioning method, computer equipment and storage medium.
  • the ocean environment is complex and changeable, resulting in spatiotemporal changes in underwater acoustic field characteristics, which brings many adverse effects to activities such as target detection and underwater acoustic communications.
  • the sound field characteristics under specific conditions can also reflect information about underwater targets and the marine environment. Therefore, making full use of the characteristics of the ocean sound field can achieve the positioning of underwater sound sources.
  • the underwater glider has the characteristics of low energy consumption, low noise, repeated use and long-term operation. It can be loaded with other instruments and equipment according to needs to carry out multi-machine collaborative observations. It can be used in precision marine environments and It has broad application prospects and plays an important role in global ocean security and environmental observations. Therefore, the acoustic recording system can be loaded on the underwater glider to achieve target identification and tracking.
  • Various sound source localization methods mainly include matching field methods, multi-path arrival structure methods, sound field interference structure methods, etc.
  • Position estimation method based on multi-path arrival structure. For this method, see reference [1] ("Particle filter for multipath time delay tracking from correlation functions in deep water”, published in "J.Acoust.Soc.Am.” in July 2018. ⁇ Issue 144, starting page number is 397), this method analyzes the relationship between the time delay of direct waves and sea surface reflected waves, extracts the time delay difference through the autocorrelation function, and realizes the positioning of broadband moving targets with a single hydrophone.
  • the disadvantages are that the parameters need to be adjusted manually, the calculation is complicated, the bandwidth of the target does not meet the requirements of the delay resolution, and the target needs to move along the radial direction of the hydrophone.
  • the signal Based on the position estimation method of the sound field interference structure method, the signal has an obvious multi-path arrival structure, and the multi-path delay corresponds to the interference period in the frequency domain.
  • the periodicity of the interference fringes can be used to locate the target.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of high complexity and poor maneuverability of deploying a vertical receiving array system based on the sound field interference structure method, and the need for manual parameter adjustment and complex calculation based on the multi-path arrival structure method.
  • the present invention proposes a deep sea sound source positioning method, computer equipment and storage medium.
  • the method includes: deploying at least two underwater gliders in a designated sea area, recording the broadband signals emitted by the broadband sound source respectively, and obtaining the estimated position of the sound source by analyzing and calculating the signals.
  • the method specifically includes:
  • Step 1 Deploy at least two underwater gliders in the designated sea area to record the broadband signals emitted by the broadband sound source;
  • Step 2 Calculate the waveform envelope of the underwater glider recorded signal, and calculate the waveform envelope of the simulated signal;
  • Step 3 Conduct cross-correlation analysis on the underwater glider recorded signal waveform envelope and the simulated signal waveform envelope;
  • Step 4 Obtain the sound source position through geometric relationships.
  • two underwater gliders are deployed in a designated sea area.
  • the distance between the underwater glider system and the sound source is less than 100km, the sound source depth is known, and the sound source frequency is greater than or equal to 200Hz.
  • step 2 is specifically: use at least two underwater gliders to record the broadband signals emitted by the broadband sound source, and obtain the waveform of the signal recorded by each underwater glider through Hilbert transform; use the static The parameters of the marine environment are calculated to obtain signals at different distances and depths, and the waveform envelope of the parameter calculated signal is obtained through Hilbert transformation; specifically including:
  • H( ⁇ ) is the Hilbert transform
  • is the absolute value operator
  • j is the Hilbert transform
  • the channel transfer function g(r',z', ⁇ ) at different distances and depths is obtained. Its spectrum is S( ⁇ ), then the signal at the receiving point s cal (r',z',t) can be expressed as:
  • r' is the search distance
  • z' is the search depth
  • ⁇ is the frequency
  • H( ⁇ ) is the Hilbert transform
  • is the absolute value operator
  • j is the Hilbert transform
  • step 3 is specifically: perform cross-correlation analysis on the waveform envelope of the underwater glider recorded signal and the simulated signal waveform envelope obtained by parameter calculation, and calculate the distance between the target and the underwater glider, and the cross-correlation function
  • the position corresponding to the maximum value point is the estimated value of the sound source distance; specifically, it includes:
  • step 4 is specifically: using the estimated value of the sound source distance of the underwater glider and obtaining the sound source position through geometric relationships;
  • the present invention also provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the feature is that when the processor executes the computer program, the following is implemented: The method of any one of claims 5 to 7.
  • the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when executed by a processor, the computer program causes the processor to execute claims 5 to 7 any of the methods described.
  • the method of the present invention can use multiple underwater glider systems to locate deep-sea sound sources. Compared with the traditional method based on vertical linear arrays, there is no need to deploy a large-depth vertical receiving array.
  • the system has low complexity, is easy to deploy and operate, and can Apply over a larger area. By simply analyzing and calculating the data, target positioning can be achieved without manual parameter adjustment. Only the approximate direction of the target movement is known.
  • the working mode of multiple underwater gliders working together in a network is used to eliminate the ranging error caused by a single glider and achieve two-dimensional positioning of underwater targets. Underwater gliders have good maneuverability and can be deployed according to mission needs to achieve target positioning and tracking in a large area.
  • Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the deep sea sound source positioning method
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the sound source and the underwater glider
  • Figure 3(a) shows the change over time of the waveform envelope of the recorded signal and the simulated signal of the first underwater glider in the embodiment
  • Figure 3(b) shows the change over time of the waveform envelope of the recorded signal and the simulated signal of the second underwater glider in the embodiment
  • Figure 4(a) shows the cross-correlation function between the waveform envelope of the recorded signal of the first underwater glider and the waveform envelope of the simulated signal in the embodiment
  • Figure 4(b) shows the cross-correlation function between the waveform envelope of the recorded signal of the second underwater glider and the waveform envelope of the simulated signal in the embodiment
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of target positioning in the embodiment
  • Figure 6(a) shows the position estimation results of the sound source in the offshore experiment in the embodiment
  • Figure 6(b) shows the result of azimuth estimation of the sound source in the offshore experiment in the embodiment.
  • the present invention proposes a deep-sea sound source positioning method, computer equipment, and storage media to solve the existing problems of sound source positioning methods in deep-sea environments that require the deployment of complex vertical receiving arrays or complex calculations. .
  • the present invention proposes a deep-sea sound source positioning method, which includes: deploying at least two underwater gliders in a designated sea area, recording the broadband signals emitted by the broadband sound sources to obtain the waveform envelope of the signal, and then calculating the simulation Calculate the waveform envelope of the signal, perform cross-correlation analysis on the two waveform envelopes, determine the estimated value of the sound source distance, and finally obtain the estimated position of the sound source through geometric relationships.
  • Step 1 Deploy at least two underwater gliders in the designated sea area to record the broadband signals emitted by the broadband sound source.
  • This embodiment takes two underwater gliders as an example.
  • two underwater gliders are deployed in a designated sea area, and the two underwater gliders are used to record the broadband signals emitted by the broadband sound source.
  • the distance between the underwater glider system and the sound source is less than 100km, the sound source depth is known, and the sound source frequency is greater than or equal to 200Hz.
  • Two underwater gliders are deployed in the designated sea area.
  • the sound source gradually moves away from the underwater glider.
  • the horizontal distance between the sound source and the underwater glider is 0km-100km.
  • the underwater glider reception depth is 0 ⁇ 1000m.
  • the underwater glider moves according to the predetermined trajectory. , float and dive, and receive and record sound source signals at the same time, refer to Figure 2.
  • the distances between the sound source and the two underwater gliders are 49.2km and 39.8km respectively
  • the sound source depth is a 200m broadband explosion sound source
  • the explosion sound source is dropped every 6 minutes.
  • Step 2 Calculate the waveform envelope of the underwater glider recorded signal and calculate the waveform envelope of the simulated signal.
  • the broadband sound source signals s(r,z,t) are recorded by two underwater gliders within the observation time t 0 ⁇ t ⁇ t 0 + ⁇ t, where r is the underwater glider and the sound source. distance, z is the depth of the underwater glider at the time of recording the signal; perform Hilbert transform on the received signal to obtain the waveform envelope of the underwater glider recorded signal
  • H( ⁇ ) is the Hilbert transform
  • is the absolute value operator
  • j is the Hilbert transform
  • the parabolic equation approximate sound field model RAM-PE and the known SSP data simulation are used to calculate the channel transfer function g (r', z', ⁇ ) at different distances and depths.
  • the transfer function reflects the sound
  • the propagation characteristics between the source and the receiver, its spectrum is S( ⁇ )
  • the signal s cal (r',z',t) at the receiving point can be expressed as:
  • r' is the search distance
  • z' is the search depth
  • ⁇ is the frequency.
  • the sound source frequency ⁇ is selected to be 300Hz as the center frequency
  • the bandwidth is 100Hz
  • the frequency interval is 0.1Hz
  • the corresponding time window length is 10s
  • the search distance r' is 0-100km
  • the search depth z' is 0- 1000m.
  • Step 3 Conduct cross-correlation analysis on the underwater glider recorded signal waveform envelope and the simulated signal waveform envelope obtained by parameter calculation.
  • signals within the reception depth range of 50-850m are selected for analysis, and the underwater glider recorded signal waveform envelope and the simulated signal waveform envelope obtained by parameter calculation are cross-correlated and analyzed to calculate the distance between the target and the underwater glider.
  • the position corresponding to the maximum value point of the cross-correlation function is the estimated value of the sound source distance.
  • the underwater glider signal receiving depth is known, and the underwater glider records the signal waveform envelope. and the simulated signal waveform envelope calculated by parameters Perform cross-correlation analysis:
  • Step 4 Obtain the sound source position through geometric relationships.
  • the sound source distance estimates of two underwater gliders are used to obtain the sound source position through geometric relationships.
  • the approximate direction of the target movement is known, and the sound source distance estimates of the two underwater gliders are used to obtain the sound source position through geometric relationships; with the first underwater glider and the second underwater glider as the center of the circle, respectively, with the distance
  • the estimated value R1 and the estimated distance value R2 are drawn into a circle, and the estimated position of the sound source can be obtained if and only if there is an intersection between the two.
  • O2 is the fixed reference point for measuring distance
  • J15 and J16 represent the positions of the two underwater gliders.
  • the estimated target position and arrival angle are shown in Figure 6.
  • the solid line in Figure 6(a) is the sound source movement trajectory, and the diamond points are the experimentally estimated positions.
  • Figure 6(a) ) is the true azimuth of the target (270°), and the dotted line is the experimentally estimated azimuth angle;
  • O2 is the fixed reference point for measuring distance. It can be seen that the estimated position of the sound source is distributed around the motion trajectory, the root mean square error of the distance estimate is 3km, and the relative error is less than 4%; the estimated target azimuth is consistent with the actual azimuth, and the root mean square error of the azimuth estimate is 3.3°. Actual measurement data verification shows that the method of the present invention can effectively estimate the position of deep sea sound sources.
  • This invention only requires two underwater gliders to locate sound source targets in designated sea areas.
  • the system has low complexity and is easy to deploy and operate.
  • the network cooperation of multiple underwater gliders can cover a large area.
  • the present invention also provides a computer device, including: at least one processor, a memory, at least one network interface, and a user interface.
  • the individual components in the device are coupled together via a bus system. It can be understood that the bus system is used to implement connection communication between these components.
  • the bus system also includes a power bus, a control bus and a status signal bus.
  • the user interface may include a display, a keyboard or a clicking device (for example, a mouse, a track ball, a touch pad or a touch screen, etc.).
  • a clicking device for example, a mouse, a track ball, a touch pad or a touch screen, etc.
  • the memory in the disclosed embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memories.
  • the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.
  • the memory stores the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or a subset thereof, or an extended set thereof: operating system and application programs.
  • the operating system includes various system programs, which are used to implement various basic services and handle hardware-based tasks.
  • Application programs include various applications and are used to implement various application services. Programs that implement methods of embodiments of the present disclosure may be included in application programs.
  • the processor can also call a program or instruction stored in the memory. Specifically, it can be a program or instruction stored in an application program.
  • the processor is used to:
  • the method of Embodiment 1 can be applied in a processor or implemented by the processor.
  • the processor may be an integrated circuit chip that has signal processing capabilities.
  • each step of the above method can be completed by instructions in the form of hardware integrated logic circuits or software in the processor.
  • the above-mentioned processor may be a general-purpose processor or other programmable logic device.
  • Each method, step and logical block diagram disclosed in Embodiment 1 can be implemented or executed.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the technology of the present invention can be implemented by executing functional modules (such as procedures, functions, etc.) of the present invention.
  • Software code may be stored in memory and executed by a processor.
  • the memory can be implemented in the processor or external to the processor.
  • the present invention can also provide a non-volatile storage medium for storing computer programs. Each step in the above method embodiment can be implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor.

Abstract

一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质，该方法包括：在指定海域布放至少两台水下滑翔机，分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号（1），得到信号的波形包络，再计算仿真计算信号的波形包络（2），对两个波形包络进行互相关分析（3），确定声源距离估计值，最后通过几何关系得到声源估计位置（3）。该方法无需布放大深度垂直接收阵，系统复杂度低，易于布放和操作，可在较大区域内应用；对数据进行简单分析和计算，无需人为调整参数，仅需已知目标运动大概方位，即可实现目标定位。水下滑翔机具有较好的机动性，可根据任务需要进行布放，实现较大区域内目标定位和追踪。

Description

一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质
相关申请
本申请要求名称为“一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质”、于2022年5月5日提交的中国专利申请号为202210480362.X的优先权，在此通过引用包括该件申请。
技术领域
本发明属于水声工程、海洋工程、声呐技术领域，具体涉及一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质。
背景技术
海洋环境复杂多变，导致水下声场特性通常存在时空变化，给目标探测和水声通信等活动带来诸多不利影响。反之，特定条件下的声场特征也能反映出水下目标和海洋环境的信息。因此充分利用海洋声场特性，可实现对水下声源的定位。水下滑翔机作为一种新型的水下测量平台，具有低能耗、低噪声、反复利用和长时间工作等特点，并可根据需求加载其他仪器设备，进行多机协作观测，在精密化海洋环境和全球海洋安全与环境观测中具有广泛的应用前景，发挥着重要作用。因此可在水下滑翔机上加载声学记录系统，实现目标识别和追踪。
多种声源定位手段主要包括匹配场方法、基于多途到达结构方法，基于声场干涉结构方法等。基于多途到达结构的位置估计方法，该方法参见参考文献[1](“Particle filter for multipath time delay tracking from correlation functions in deep water”，2018年7月发表在《J.Acoust.Soc.Am.》第144期，起始页码为397)，该方法分析直达波和海面反射波时延随时间变化的关系，通过自相关函数提取时延差，实现单水听器宽带运动目标定位。缺点是需要人为调整参数，计算复杂，目标的带宽不满足时延分辨率的要求，且目标需沿水听器径向方向运动。基于声场干涉结构方法的位置估计方法，信号存在明显的多途到达结构，多途时延对应频域的干涉周期，可利用干涉条纹的周期性定位目标。该方法参见参考文献[2](“Source localization by matching sound intensity with a vertical array in the deep  ocean”，2019年12月发表在《J.Acoust.Soc.Am.》第146期，起始页码为477)，利用大深度垂直阵接收信号声强的频率-距离干涉结构，对深海直达声区10-30km范围内的水下声源进行定位，缺点是需要布放大深度垂直接收阵，系统复杂度高，且需要覆盖大深度垂直接收阵的数据，海深需满足一定要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服基于声场干涉结构方法布放垂直接收阵系统复杂性高、机动性差，基于多途到达结构方法需要人为调整参数，计算复杂的缺陷。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质。所述方法包括：在指定海域布放至少两台水下滑翔机，分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号，通过对信号的分析计算得到声源估计位置。
作为上述方法的一种改进，所述方法具体包括：
步骤1：在指定海域布放至少两台水下滑翔机，分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号；
步骤2：计算水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络，计算仿真信号波形包络；
步骤3：将水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络和仿真信号波形包络进行互相关分析；
步骤4：通过几何关系，获取声源位置。
作为上述方法的一种改进，在指定海域布放两台水下滑翔机。
作为上述方法的一种改进，所述水下滑翔机系统与声源距离小于100km，声源深度已知，声源频率大于等于200Hz。
作为上述方法的一种改进，步骤2具体为：使用至少两台水下滑翔机分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号，通过希尔伯特变换分别得到每个水下滑翔机记录信号的波形；由静态海洋环境的参数计算得到不同距离深度上的信号，并通过希尔伯特变换得到参数计算信号的波形包络；具体包括：
由水下滑翔机在观测时间t 0<t<t 0+△t内分别记录的宽带声源信号s(r,z,t)，其中，r为水下滑翔机与声源距离，z为记录信号时刻水下滑翔机深度；
通过希尔伯特变换得到水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000002
其中H(·)为希尔伯特变换，|·|为取绝对值算子，j为
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000003
利用抛物方程近似声场模型RAM-PE和已知的SSP数据仿真计算得到不同距离 深度上的信道传输函数g(r',z',ω)，其频谱为S(ω)，则接收点的信号s cal(r',z',t)可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000004
其中，r'为搜索距离，z'为搜索深度,ω为频率；
通过希尔伯特变换得到仿真计算信号的波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000006
其中H(·)为希尔伯特变换，|·|为取绝对值算子，j为
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000007
作为上述方法的一种改进，步骤3具体为：对水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络和参数计算得到的仿真信号波形包络进行互相关分析，计算得到目标与水下滑翔机的距离，互相关函数最大值点对应的位置为声源距离估计值；具体包括：
将一台滑翔机记录信号波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000008
和参数计算得到的信号波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000009
进行互相关分析：
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000010
其中r为真实距离，r'为搜索距离，z'为搜索深度，τ为时延；通过搜索距离r'，可以得到不同距离的数值结果与实验结果的互相关系数ρ 2(r,r')，将ρ 2(r,r')的最大值对应的距离作为声源与滑翔机水平距离估计值R；按同样方法，计算得到声源与其他水下滑翔机估计距离。
作为上述方法的一种改进，步骤4具体为：利用水下滑翔机的声源距离估计值，通过几何关系，获取声源位置；
以每个水下滑翔机为圆心，以距离估计值R为半径作圆，分别绘制得到多个圆，当且仅当多个圆存在交点时得到声源估计位置。
本发明还提供一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法。
本发明还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序当被处理器执行时使所述处理器执行如权利要求5至7任一项所述的方法。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优势在于：
本发明的方法利用多台水下滑翔机系统可对深海声源进行定位，与传统基于垂直线阵的方法相比，无需布放大深度垂直接收阵，系统复杂度低，易于布放和操作，可在较大区域内应用。对数据进行简单分析和计算，无需人为调整参数，仅需已知目标运动大概方位，即可实现目标定位。利用多台水下滑翔机组网协作的工作模式，消除单台滑翔机带来的测距误差，实现水下目标的二维定位。水下滑翔机具有较好的机动性，可根据任务需要进行布放，实现较大区域内目标定位和追踪。
附图说明
图1所示为深海声源定位方法流程图；
图2所示为声源和水下滑翔机相对位置示意图；
图3(a)所示为实施例中第一台水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络与仿真信号的波形包络随时间的变化；
图3(b)所示为实施例中第二台水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络与仿真信号的波形包络随时间的变化；
图4(a)所示为实施例中第一台水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络与仿真信号的波形包络的互相关函数；
图4(b)所示为实施例中第二台水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络与仿真信号的波形包络的互相关函数；
图5所示为实施例中目标定位示意图；
图6(a)所示为实施例中海上实验声源位置估计结果；
图6(b)所示为实施例中海上实验声源方位估计结果。
具体实施方式
为了避免现有技术的不足之处，本发明提出一种深海声源定位方法及计算机设备和存储介质，解决现有深海环境下声源定位方法需要布放复杂的垂直接收阵或计算复杂等问题。
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行详细的说明。
如图1所示，本发明提出一种深海声源定位方法，包括：在指定海域布放至少两台水下滑翔机，分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号得到信号的波形包络，再计算仿真计算信号的波形包络，对两个波形包络进行互相关分析，确定 声源距离估计值，最后通过几何关系得到声源估计位置。
步骤1：在指定海域布放至少两台水下滑翔机，分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号。
本实施例以两台水下滑翔机为例，首先在指定海域布放两台水下滑翔机，使用两台水下滑翔机分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号。水下滑翔机系统与声源距离小于100km，声源深度已知，声源频率大于等于200Hz。
在指定海域布放两台水下滑翔机，声源逐渐远离水下滑翔机，声源与水下滑翔机的水平距离是0km-100km，水下滑翔机接收深度为0～1000m，水下滑翔机按照预定轨迹运动，进行上浮下潜，同时接收记录声源信号，参照图2。在本实施例中，声源与两台水下滑翔机的距离分别为49.2km和39.8km，声源深度为200m宽带爆炸声源，每隔6分钟投掷爆炸声源。
步骤2：计算水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络，计算仿真信号波形包络。
本实施例中，由两台水下滑翔机在观测时间t 0<t<t 0+△t内分别记录得到宽带声源信号s(r,z,t)，其中r为水下滑翔机与声源距离，z为记录信号时刻水下滑翔机深度；对接收信号进行希尔伯特变换，得到水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000012
其中H(·)为希尔伯特变换，|·|为取绝对值算子，j为
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000013
已知声源深度情况下，利用抛物方程近似声场模型RAM-PE和已知的SSP数据仿真计算得到不同距离深度上的信道传输函数g(r',z',ω)，传输函数反映了声源到接收器之间的传播特性，其频谱为S(ω)，则接收点的信号s cal(r',z',t)可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000014
其中，r'为搜索距离，z'为搜索深度,ω为频率。在本实施例中选择声源频率ω以300Hz为中心频率，带宽为100Hz，频率间隔为0.1Hz，对应的时间窗长度为10s，搜索距离r'为0-100km，搜索深度z'为0-1000m。
通过希尔伯特变换得到仿真计算信号的波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000016
其中H(·)为希尔伯特变换，|·|为取绝对值算子，j为
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000017
由此分别得到不同距离处的水下滑翔机记录信号和参数计算信号的波形包络，如图3所示。
步骤3：将水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络和参数计算得到的仿真信号波形包络进行互相关分析。
对水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络和参数计算得到的仿真信号波形包络进行互相关分析，计算得到目标与水下滑翔机的距离，互相关函数最大值点对应的位置为声源距离估计值。
本实施例选取接收深度50-850m范围内的信号进行分析，将水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络和参数计算得到的仿真信号波形包络进行互相关分析，计算得到目标与水下滑翔机的距离，互相关函数最大值点对应的位置为声源距离估计值。
已知水下滑翔机信号接收深度，将水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000018
和参数计算得到的仿真信号波形包络
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000019
进行互相关分析：
Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-000020
其中r为真实距离，r'为搜索距离，z'为搜索深度，τ为时延。通过搜索距离r'，可以得到不同距离的数值结果与实验结果的互相关系数ρ(r,r')，将ρ(r,r')的最大值对应的距离作为声源与水下滑翔机水平距离估计值R。如图4(a)和图4(b)所示,声源与两台水下滑翔机的估计距离R1和R2分别为49.1km和39km。
步骤4：通过几何关系，获取声源位置。
本实施例中利用两台水下滑翔机的声源距离估计值，通过几何关系，获取声源位置。
已知目标运动大致方位，利用两台水下滑翔机的声源距离估计值，通过几何关系，获取声源位置；分别以第一台水下滑翔机和第二台水下滑翔机为圆心，分别以距离估计值R1和距离估计值R2作圆，当且仅当两者存在交点时才能得到声源估计位置。如图5所示，其中O2为测量距离的固定参考点，J15、J16代表两台水下滑翔机的位置。
利用上述步骤对接收到的数据进行处理，估计的目标位置和到达角如图6所示，图6(a)中实线为声源运动轨迹，菱形点为实验估计的位置，图6(a)中实线为目标真实方位(270°)，虚线为实验估计的方位角；其中O2为测量距离的固定参考点。可以看出，声源估计位置分布在运动轨迹周围，距离估计均方根 误差为3km，相对误差小于4％；估计目标方位与实际方位一致，方位估计均方根误差为3.3°。实测数据验证表明，本发明的方法可以有效估计深海声源位置。
本发明只需两台水下滑翔机便可对指定海域内的声源目标进行定位，系统复杂度低，易于布放和操作，多台水下滑翔机组网协作可覆盖较大区域。
本发明还可提供的一种计算机设备，包括：至少一个处理器、存储器、至少一个网络接口和用户接口。该设备中的各个组件通过总线系统耦合在一起。可理解，总线系统用于实现这些组件之间的连接通信。总线系统除包括数据总线之外，还包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线。
其中，用户接口可以包括显示器、键盘或者点击设备(例如，鼠标，轨迹球(track ball)、触感板或者触摸屏等。
可以理解，本申请公开实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。本文描述的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
在一些实施方式中，存储器存储了如下的元素，可执行模块或者数据结构，或者他们的子集，或者他们的扩展集：操作系统和应用程序。
其中，操作系统，包含各种系统程序，用于实现各种基础业务以及处理基于硬件的任务。应用程序，包含各种应用程序，用于实现各种应用业务。实现本公开实施例方法的程序可以包含在应用程序中。
在本上述的实施例中，还可通过调用存储器存储的程序或指令，具体的，可以是应用程序中存储的程序或指令，处理器用于：
执行实施例1的方法的步骤。
实施例1的方法可以应用于处理器中，或者由处理器实现。处理器可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是通用处理器或者其他可编程逻辑器件。可以实现或者执行实施例1中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
可以理解的是，本发明描述的这些实施例可以用硬件、软件、固件、中间件、微码或其组合来实现。
对于软件实现，可通过执行本发明的功能模块(例如过程、函数等)来实现 本发明技术。软件代码可存储在存储器中并通过处理器执行。存储器可以在处理器中或在处理器外部实现。
本发明还可提供一种非易失性存储介质，用于存储计算机程序。当该计算机程序被处理器执行时可以实现上述方法实施例中的各个步骤。
最后所应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制。尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，都不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种深海声源定位方法，包括：在指定海域布放至少两台水下滑翔机，分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号，通过对信号的分析计算得到声源估计位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述深海声源定位方法，具体包括：
    步骤1：在指定海域布放至少两台水下滑翔机，分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号；
    步骤2：计算水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络，计算仿真信号波形包络；
    步骤3：将水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络和参数计算得到的仿真信号波形包络进行互相关分析；
    步骤4：通过几何关系，获取声源位置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的深海声源定位方法，其特征在于，在指定海域布放两台水下滑翔机。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的利用水下滑翔机的深海声源定位方法，其特征在于，所述水下滑翔机系统与声源距离小于100km，声源深度已知，声源频率大于等于200Hz。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的深海声源定位方法，其特征在于，步骤2具体为：使用至少两台水下滑翔机分别记录宽带声源发出的宽带信号，通过希尔伯特变换分别得到每个水下滑翔机记录信号的波形；由静态海洋环境的参数计算得到不同距离深度上的信号，并通过希尔伯特变换得到参数计算信号的波形包络；具体包括：
    由水下滑翔机在观测时间t 0<t<t 0+△t内分别记录得到宽带声源信号s(r,z,t)，其中，r为水下滑翔机与声源距离，z为记录信号时刻水下滑翔机深度；
    通过希尔伯特变换得到水下滑翔机记录信号的波形包络
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100002
    其中H(·)为希尔伯特变换，|·|为取绝对值算子，j为
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100003
    利用抛物方程近似声场模型RAM-PE和已知的SSP数据仿真计算得到不同距离 深度上的信道传输函数g(r',z',ω)，其频谱为S(ω)，则接收点的信号s cal(r',z',t)可以表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100004
    其中，r'为搜索距离，z'为搜索深度,ω为频率；
    通过希尔伯特变换得到仿真计算信号的波形包络
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100006
    其中H(·)为希尔伯特变换，|·|为取绝对值算子，j为
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100007
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的深海声源定位方法，其特征在于，步骤3具体为：对水下滑翔机记录信号波形包络和参数计算得到的信号波形包络进行互相关分析，计算得到目标声源与水下滑翔机的距离，互相关函数最大值点对应的位置为声源距离估计值；具体包括：
    将一台滑翔机记录信号波形包络
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100008
    和参数计算得到的信号波形包络
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100009
    进行互相关分析：
    Figure PCTCN2022125401-appb-100010
    其中r为真实距离，r'为搜索距离，z'为搜索深度，τ为时延；通过搜索距离r'可以得到不同距离的数值结果与实验结果的互相关系数ρ 2(r,r')，将ρ 2(r,r')的最大值对应的距离作为声源与滑翔机水平距离估计值R；按同样方法，计算得到声源与其他水下滑翔机估计距离。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的深海声源定位方法，其特征在于，步骤4具体为：利用滑翔机的声源距离估计值，通过几何关系，获取声源位置；
    以每个水下滑翔机为圆心，以距离估计值R为半径作圆，分别绘制得到多个圆，当且仅当多个圆存在交点时得到声源估计位置。
  8. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法。
  9. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序当被处理器执行时使所述处理器执行如权利要求5至7任一项所述的方法。
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