WO2023208755A1 - Storage of carbon dioxide released from lime - Google Patents
Storage of carbon dioxide released from lime Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023208755A1 WO2023208755A1 PCT/EP2023/060399 EP2023060399W WO2023208755A1 WO 2023208755 A1 WO2023208755 A1 WO 2023208755A1 EP 2023060399 W EP2023060399 W EP 2023060399W WO 2023208755 A1 WO2023208755 A1 WO 2023208755A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- formate
- oxalate
- calcium
- produced
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
Links
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 117
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title description 59
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 59
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 title description 8
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 title description 8
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LQHWSGSWNOHVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;oxalate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O LQHWSGSWNOHVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940044170 formate Drugs 0.000 description 20
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 9
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940039748 oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910014813 CaC2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940083608 sodium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium formate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O CBOCVOKPQGJKKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029412 Nightmare Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010352 biotechnological method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004281 calcium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044172 calcium formate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019255 calcium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/41—Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0233—Other waste gases from cement factories
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of converting carbon dioxide (CO2) released from limestone during cement production to calcium oxalate.
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- the calcium oxalate produced provides a means of storage of CO2 and prevents the C02from being released into the environment.
- Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is collecting in the atmosphere and causing global warming problems and unwanted climate changes.
- Manufacturing cement from raw materials such as lime (calcium carbonate) and calcium hydroxide
- raw materials such as lime (calcium carbonate) and calcium hydroxide
- This amount of carbon dioxide is not only detrimental for the environment, but it is also a waste of raw materials that be used for another purpose.
- CN109516912A discloses a method for utilizing and sequestering carbon dioxide produced during any method known in the art.
- sodium carbonate is used as a chemical absorbent of CO2, to produce bicarbonate.
- This method has the disadvantage that a large amount of sodium carbonate has to be present close to the cement plant.
- FR-A-2 669 918 and JP 200309571 1 A attempt to use other starting materials of non-carbonate origin for making of cement.
- the question of final disposal of the carbon dioxide produced is still unacceptable.
- W002083591A describes a carbon dioxide emission-free operation of a cement plant.
- the resulting carbon dioxide is bound to calcium chloride (or other metal oxides/chlorides from sea salt or waste) to form calcium carbonate.
- the newly formed calcium carbonate is then processed again.
- Calcium oxide is produced from calcium chloride and the carbon dioxide produced is not emitted and remains in the circuit.
- EP2257362 provides an alternative where the carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide produced during the process of cement production may be used to produce at least one oxalate.
- carbon monoxide had to be always present in a larger concentration compared to carbon dioxide which is not always the case in cement production.
- the present invention attempts to solve the problems above by providing a method of converting CO2, released from limestone during cement production, to at least one oxalate.
- the oxalate produced is calcium oxalate.
- This method is especially advantageous as then, CO2 is not released to the environment and instead of transporting the isolated CO2 from the exhaust gases elsewhere, the CO2 is converted into a solid, an oxalate salt, which is much easier and cheaper to transport than CO2.
- oxalate salts contain a high amount of CC>2and can be easily stored or transported. Further, this is the least energy consuming conversion of CO2, as only one molecule of H2 is consumed for every two molecules of CO2.
- calcium oxalate is known to bind two moles of carbon per mole of calcium in an extremely stable form. This makes the method according to any aspect of the present invention efficient and reliable for removing CO2 released from the exhaust gases during cement production and converting the CO2 to stable calcium oxalate.
- the extremely stable compound, calcium oxalate with a lower water solubility compared to at least calcium carbonate, is then suitable for use in production of sand and/or stones.
- Calcium oxalate can also be used as a binder or as an additive to hydraulic binders.
- a method of producing calcium oxalate from calcium carbonate comprising the steps of:
- step (b) contacting the CO2 from step (a) with hydrogen to produce at least one formate
- step (c) thermal treatment of the formate of step (b) to produce calcium oxalate and hydrogen.
- Calcium carbonate also known as limestone or lime. Because of the abundance of lime and its relative cheapness, it would be desirable to be able to treat high-calcium lime with a minimum amount of an additive in order to be able to dead burn it to make it usable as a high-temperature refractory which would not be subject to hydration or delayed slaking. It would also, of course, be desirable to be able to use an additive which itself would not add materially to the cost of the final refractory. Accordingly, limestone is used in cement and/or burnt lime production. More precisely, calcium oxide, CaO, is known as quick lime or burnt lime and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is known as hydrated lime.
- CaO calcium oxide
- Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
- the lime applicable to the method according to any aspect of the present invention relates to calcium carbonate (limestone) which is the starting material in the production of cement and/or burnt lime.
- the method according to any aspect of the present invention provides a means to turn lime into burnt lime and calcium oxalate, using hydrogen.
- the method according to any aspect of the present invention provides a CO2 sink that not only prevents CO2 produced during cement production to be emitted into the environment but also allows the CO2 produced to be used in the cement production itself.
- the captured CO2 as calcium oxalate is also in close proximity to the site of production so that costs will be reduced for transportation.
- step (a) calcium carbonate is heated to produce CO2.
- clinker is produced by pyro-processing.
- Calcium carbonate is burned at high temperatures, first calcinating the materials, followed by clinkerization to produce clinker. More in particular, calcination of the limestone takes place at a relatively moderate temperature, typically around 900°C to 1 100°C.
- Calcination of limestone refers to the thermal decomposition of limestone to produce quicklime/ unslaked lime (calcium oxide) and CO2.
- the reaction for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate may be expressed as:
- CO2 may be produced from CaCOs by bringing CaCOs in contact with at least one acid.
- the acid may be selected from the group consisting of HCI, HNO3, and H2SO4, acetic acid, formic acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid.
- the CO2 produced from step (a) is first isolated and then brought into contact with hydrogen to produce formate.
- Any method known in the art may be used to produce formate from CO2.
- a catalytic means may be used to produce at least one formate from CO2.
- the formate may be an alkali formate where an alkali is brought in in contact with at least one alkali to produce an alkali formate.
- CO2 is hydrogenated to produce formic acid.
- the formic acid will be neutralized by sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce the alkali formate.
- the alkali may be selected from the group consisting of barium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, lithium, and potassium hydroxides.
- the alkali brought in contact with CO2 may at least be sodium or potassium hydroxide and the resulting formate produced may be sodium or potassium formate.
- the alkali may be sodium hydroxide and a saturated solution of sodium formate may be produced at around 210°C under high pressure.
- the reaction equation is:
- Different formates may be formed depending on the alkali used. For example, when KOH is used potassium formate is produced, when barium hydroxide is used, then barium formate is produced and the like.
- calcium hydroxide may be used as the alkali and the following reaction takes place:
- any method known in the art may be used.
- any catalyst known to function in such a method may be used in the art.
- Example of catalysts that may be function in step (b) are at least disclosed in Al-Tamreh S.A. Chem Electro Chem (2021) ,8: 3207- 3220.
- Bismuth-Based Catalysts which can also be used in formate production from CO2 are provided at least Chan, W.L in ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (2): 931-937.
- formate may be produced from CO2 using a biotechnological method. This method is disclosed at least by Alissandratos, A., in Bioresour Technol. 2014,164: 7-1 and Maia, L.B. in J. J. G. Moura et al. (eds.), Enzymes for Solving Humankind's Problems.
- hydrogen is used in step (b) as a reducing agent.
- hydrogen is used in both the catalytic and biotechnological means of producing formate from CO2 as a reducing agent.
- the calcium oxalate produced according to any aspect of the present invention, particularly in step (c) may be a calcium oxalate hydrate.
- step (c) The hydrogen released in step (c) is recycled to step (b) for the production of formate. Accordingly, very little hydrogen is needed to carry out the method according to any aspect of the present invention. In particular, since the amount of hydrogen needed to carry out the method according to any aspect of the present invention is not that high, the hydrogen be produced onsite.
- the production of hydrogen may be carried out by a windmill and/or solar panel in combination with an electrolyzer. In another example, the hydrogen may be produced using litter incineration, which also converts through partial oxidation limestone into CaO.
- Thermal treatment of the formate in step (c) to produce the oxalate involves heating the formate at a temperature of about 360 to 420°C. In one example, the heating is done rapidly so that the reaction takes place efficiently. More in particular, the formate according to any aspect of the present invention is heated at a temperature of about 360 to 390°C, 360 to 385, 360 to 380, 360 to 375, 360 to 365, 365 to 390, 365 to 385, 365 to 380, 365 to 375, 365 to 370, 370 to 390, 370 to 385, 370 to 380, 370 to 375, 375 to 390, 375 to 385, 375 to 380, 380 to 390, or 385 to 390.
- the thermal treatment of format in step (c) is carried out at least or at about 360, 365, 370, 375, 380, 385 or 390°C. These lower temperatures compared to those carried out in the past are better to achieve higher selectivity of the desired product.
- the sodium oxalate obtained after the above step may then be converted into calcium oxalate by reacting it with calcium hydroxide to form calcium oxalate:
- the sodium or potassium oxalate is converted to calcium oxalate, which is precipitated, releasing sodium- or potassium hydroxide.
- calcium oxalate is precipitated, because the solubility is much lower than the solubility of sodium or potassium oxalate.
- a method of storing CO2 comprising the steps of:
- step (b) thermal treatment of the formate of step (a) to produce calcium oxalate and hydrogen wherein the CO2 is produced from calcium carbonate.
- the oxalate in step (b) may be a calcium oxalate hydrate.
- the CO2 is produced according to any aspect of the present invention is during the production of burnt lime and/or cement.
- the CO2 is stored in close proximity to the source of CO2 and/or calcium carbonate.
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of producing calcium oxalate from calcium carbonate the method comprising the steps of: (a) producing CO2 by contacting calcium carbonate with at least one acid; (b) isolating the CO2 produced from step (a); (c) contacting the isolated CO2 with hydrogen to produce at least one formate; and (d) thermal treatment of the formate of step (c) to produce calcium oxalate and hydrogen.
Description
STORAGE OF CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASED FROM LIME
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of converting carbon dioxide (CO2) released from limestone during cement production to calcium oxalate. In particular, the calcium oxalate produced, provides a means of storage of CO2 and prevents the C02from being released into the environment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that is collecting in the atmosphere and causing global warming problems and unwanted climate changes. Most industrial processes that are being carried out internationally release inadvertently significant amounts of CO2 in their exhaust fumes. This CO2 is being accumulated in the environment and causing an increase in temperature that is leading to uncontrollable climate changes such as melting of the polar ice caps, increase in sea-level globally, floods and the like.
Manufacturing cement from raw materials such as lime (calcium carbonate) and calcium hydroxide, is an example of a process where at least 200 or 300 kg of carbon dioxide is emitted per 1000kg of cement produced. This amount of carbon dioxide is not only detrimental for the environment, but it is also a waste of raw materials that be used for another purpose.
One way to resolve this issue, is to reduce emissions by increasing the efficiency of cement production or reducing the amount of cement produced. However, this is an arduous task taking into the account the increase in construction in the world and consequently the increase in carbon dioxide emissions. Further, collecting the CO2 released during cement production and transporting it away from the production site is also very cost intensive since transport of CO2 is not only generally expensive but also a logistical nightmare.
There are some methods disclosed in the art that attempt to solve this problem. For example, CN109516912A discloses a method for utilizing and sequestering carbon dioxide produced during any method known in the art. In particular, in CN109516912A, sodium carbonate is used as a chemical absorbent of CO2, to produce bicarbonate. This method has the disadvantage that a large amount of sodium carbonate has to be present close to the cement plant. FR-A-2 669 918 and JP 200309571 1 A attempt to use other starting materials of non-carbonate origin for making of cement. However, in addition to the considerable costs of these processes, the question of final disposal of the carbon dioxide produced is still unacceptable.
W002083591A describes a carbon dioxide emission-free operation of a cement plant. The resulting carbon dioxide is bound to calcium chloride (or other metal oxides/chlorides from sea salt or waste) to form calcium carbonate. The newly formed calcium carbonate is then processed again. Calcium oxide is produced from calcium chloride and the carbon dioxide produced is not emitted and remains in the circuit. However, this method is not only costly but also has the disadvantage that the carbonate produced usually cannot be processed further.
EP2257362 provides an alternative where the carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide produced during the process of cement production may be used to produce at least one oxalate. However, in the method disclosed carbon monoxide had to be always present in a larger concentration compared to carbon dioxide which is not always the case in cement production.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art to not only capture CO2 emitted during the production of cement but also to store the CO2 in a form where it may be used not only for another purpose but also be easy to transport.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention attempts to solve the problems above by providing a method of converting CO2, released from limestone during cement production, to at least one oxalate. In particular, the oxalate produced is calcium oxalate. This method is especially advantageous as then, CO2 is not released to the environment and instead of transporting the isolated CO2 from the exhaust gases elsewhere, the CO2 is converted into a solid, an oxalate salt, which is much easier and cheaper to transport than CO2. In particular, oxalate salts contain a high amount of CC>2and can be easily stored or transported. Further, this is the least energy consuming conversion of CO2, as only one molecule of H2 is consumed for every two molecules of CO2. In particular, calcium oxalate is known to bind two moles of carbon per mole of calcium in an extremely stable form. This makes the method according to any aspect of the present invention efficient and reliable for removing CO2 released from the exhaust gases during cement production and converting the CO2 to stable calcium oxalate. The extremely stable compound, calcium oxalate with a lower water solubility compared to at least calcium carbonate, is then suitable for use in production of sand and/or stones. Calcium oxalate can also be used as a binder or as an additive to hydraulic binders.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing calcium oxalate from calcium carbonate the method comprising the steps of:
(a) producing CO2 from calcium carbonate;
(b) contacting the CO2 from step (a) with hydrogen to produce at least one formate; and
(c) thermal treatment of the formate of step (b) to produce calcium oxalate and hydrogen.
Calcium carbonate also known as limestone or lime. Because of the abundance of lime and its relative cheapness, it would be desirable to be able to treat high-calcium lime with a minimum amount of an additive in order to be able to dead burn it to make it usable as a high-temperature refractory which would not be subject to hydration or delayed slaking. It would also, of course, be desirable to be able to use an additive which itself would not add materially to the cost of the final refractory. Accordingly, limestone is used in cement and/or burnt lime production. More precisely, calcium oxide, CaO, is known as quick lime or burnt lime and calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is known as hydrated lime. The lime applicable to the method according to any aspect of the present invention, relates to calcium carbonate (limestone) which is the starting material in the production of cement and/or burnt lime. The method according to any aspect of the present invention provides a means to turn lime into burnt lime and calcium oxalate, using hydrogen. The method according to any aspect of the present
invention, provides a CO2 sink that not only prevents CO2 produced during cement production to be emitted into the environment but also allows the CO2 produced to be used in the cement production itself. The captured CO2 as calcium oxalate is also in close proximity to the site of production so that costs will be reduced for transportation.
In step (a) according to any aspect of the present invention, calcium carbonate is heated to produce CO2. In particular, clinker is produced by pyro-processing. Calcium carbonate is burned at high temperatures, first calcinating the materials, followed by clinkerization to produce clinker. More in particular, calcination of the limestone takes place at a relatively moderate temperature, typically around 900°C to 1 100°C. Calcination of limestone refers to the thermal decomposition of limestone to produce quicklime/ unslaked lime (calcium oxide) and CO2. The reaction for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate may be expressed as:
CaCOs + Heat <=» CaO + CO2
In another example, CO2 may be produced from CaCOs by bringing CaCOs in contact with at least one acid. In particular, the acid may be selected from the group consisting of HCI, HNO3, and H2SO4, acetic acid, formic acid, succinic acid and oxalic acid.
The CO2 produced from step (a) is first isolated and then brought into contact with hydrogen to produce formate. Any method known in the art may be used to produce formate from CO2. In particular, a catalytic means may be used to produce at least one formate from CO2. The formate may be an alkali formate where an alkali is brought in in contact with at least one alkali to produce an alkali formate. In particular, CO2 is hydrogenated to produce formic acid. The formic acid will be neutralized by sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce the alkali formate. The alkali may be selected from the group consisting of barium, sodium, ammonium, calcium, lithium, and potassium hydroxides. More in particular, the alkali brought in contact with CO2 may at least be sodium or potassium hydroxide and the resulting formate produced may be sodium or potassium formate. Even more in particular, the alkali may be sodium hydroxide and a saturated solution of sodium formate may be produced at around 210°C under high pressure. The reaction equation is:
NaOH + CO2 + H2^ HCOONa + H2O
Different formates may be formed depending on the alkali used. For example, when KOH is used potassium formate is produced, when barium hydroxide is used, then barium formate is produced and the like. In one example, calcium hydroxide may be used as the alkali and the following reaction takes place:
Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 + 2H2-> (HCOO)2Ca + 2H2O
In the catalytic production of formate from CO2, any method known in the art may be used. Also, any catalyst known to function in such a method may be used in the art. Example of catalysts that may be function in step (b) are at least disclosed in Al-Tamreh S.A. Chem Electro Chem (2021) ,8: 3207- 3220. Also, Bismuth-Based Catalysts which can also be used in formate production from CO2 are provided at least Chan, W.L in ACS Catal. 2018, 8 (2): 931-937.
Alternatively, formate may be produced from CO2 using a biotechnological method. This method is disclosed at least by Alissandratos, A., in Bioresour Technol. 2014,164: 7-1 and Maia, L.B. in J. J. G. Moura et al. (eds.), Enzymes for Solving Humankind's Problems.
In the method according to any aspect of the present invention, hydrogen is used in step (b) as a reducing agent. In particular, hydrogen is used in both the catalytic and biotechnological means of producing formate from CO2 as a reducing agent.
The calcium oxalate produced according to any aspect of the present invention, particularly in step (c) may be a calcium oxalate hydrate.
The hydrogen released in step (c) is recycled to step (b) for the production of formate. Accordingly, very little hydrogen is needed to carry out the method according to any aspect of the present invention. In particular, since the amount of hydrogen needed to carry out the method according to any aspect of the present invention is not that high, the hydrogen be produced onsite. The production of hydrogen may be carried out by a windmill and/or solar panel in combination with an electrolyzer. In another example, the hydrogen may be produced using litter incineration, which also converts through partial oxidation limestone into CaO.
Thermal treatment of the formate in step (c) to produce the oxalate involves heating the formate at a temperature of about 360 to 420°C. In one example, the heating is done rapidly so that the reaction takes place efficiently. More in particular, the formate according to any aspect of the present invention is heated at a temperature of about 360 to 390°C, 360 to 385, 360 to 380, 360 to 375, 360 to 365, 365 to 390, 365 to 385, 365 to 380, 365 to 375, 365 to 370, 370 to 390, 370 to 385, 370 to 380, 370 to 375, 375 to 390, 375 to 385, 375 to 380, 380 to 390, or 385 to 390. In one example, the thermal treatment of format in step (c) is carried out at least or at about 360, 365, 370, 375, 380, 385 or 390°C. These lower temperatures compared to those carried out in the past are better to achieve higher selectivity of the desired product.
The sodium oxalate obtained after the above step may then be converted into calcium oxalate by reacting it with calcium hydroxide to form calcium oxalate:
Na2C2O4 + Ca(OH)2 - CaC2O4 + 2NaOH
In this example, the sodium or potassium oxalate is converted to calcium oxalate, which is precipitated, releasing sodium- or potassium hydroxide. In particular, calcium oxalate is precipitated, because the solubility is much lower than the solubility of sodium or potassium oxalate.
In another example, the following reaction takes place from calcium formate to produce calcium oxalate:
(HCOO)2Ca CaC2O4+ H2
The hydrogen produced according to this method may then be recycled in step (a) and the calcium oxalate may be isolated used a method known in the art.
In particular, none or no measurable amount of CO is present in any of steps (a), (b) and (c).
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of storing CO2, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting isolated CO2 with hydrogen to produce at least one formate; and
(b) thermal treatment of the formate of step (a) to produce calcium oxalate and hydrogen wherein the CO2 is produced from calcium carbonate.
The oxalate in step (b) may be a calcium oxalate hydrate. In particular, the CO2 is produced according to any aspect of the present invention is during the production of burnt lime and/or cement. In particular, the CO2 is stored in close proximity to the source of CO2 and/or calcium carbonate.
Claims
1 . A method of producing calcium oxalate from calcium carbonate the method comprising the steps of:
(a) producing CO2 by heating calcium carbonate;
(b) contacting the CO2 from step (a) with hydrogen to produce at least one formate; and
(c) thermal treatment of the formate of step (b) to produce calcium oxalate and hydrogen wherein the thermal treatment of the formate in step (c) to produce the oxalate involves heating the formate at a temperature of about 360 to 390°C.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the calcium oxalate in step (c) is a calcium oxalate hydrate.
3. The method according to either claim 1 or 2, wherein the formate in step (b) is produced by a catalytic or biotechnological means using hydrogen as a reducing agent.
4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogen released in step (c) is recycled to step (b) for the production of formate.
5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formate in step (b) is produced by a catalytic means where the CO2 is brought into contact with at least one alkali in the presence of hydrogen.
6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formate produced in step (b) is an alkali formate.
7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the formate produced in step (b) is sodium or potassium formate.
8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein none or no measurable amount of CO is present in any of steps (a), (b) and (c).
9. A method of storing CO2, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting isolated CO2 with hydrogen to produce at least one formate; and
(b) thermal treatment of the formate of step (a) to produce calcium oxalate and hydrogen wherein the CO2 is produced from calcium carbonate; and wherein the thermal treatment of the formate in step (c) to produce the oxalate involves heating the formate at a temperature of about 360 to 390°C.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the oxalate in step (b) is a calcium oxalate hydrate.
The method according to either claim 9 or 10, wherein the CO2 is produced during the production of burnt lime and/or cement. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11 , wherein the CO2 is stored in close proximity to the source of CO2 and/or calcium carbonate. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein none or no measurable amount of CO is present in step (a).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22170250 | 2022-04-27 | ||
EP22170250.9 | 2022-04-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023208755A1 true WO2023208755A1 (en) | 2023-11-02 |
Family
ID=81388906
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2023/060399 WO2023208755A1 (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2023-04-21 | Storage of carbon dioxide released from lime |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2023208755A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2669918A1 (en) | 1990-12-04 | 1992-06-05 | Davidovits Joseph | Process for obtaining a geopolymer cement without emission of carbon dioxide CO2 and products obtained by this process |
WO2002083591A1 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-24 | Co2 Solution Inc. | A process and a plant for the production of portland cement clinker |
JP2003095711A (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-03 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Unburned hardened cement, and production method |
WO2009117753A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Knoch, Kern & Co. Kg | Process and plant for producing products, in which carbon dioxide is released |
CN109516912A (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-26 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of method of sequestration of carbon dioxide |
CN113278995A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Method for preparing oxalic acid from carbon dioxide or bicarbonate or carbonate |
-
2023
- 2023-04-21 WO PCT/EP2023/060399 patent/WO2023208755A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2669918A1 (en) | 1990-12-04 | 1992-06-05 | Davidovits Joseph | Process for obtaining a geopolymer cement without emission of carbon dioxide CO2 and products obtained by this process |
WO2002083591A1 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2002-10-24 | Co2 Solution Inc. | A process and a plant for the production of portland cement clinker |
JP2003095711A (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-03 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Unburned hardened cement, and production method |
WO2009117753A1 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2009-10-01 | Knoch, Kern & Co. Kg | Process and plant for producing products, in which carbon dioxide is released |
EP2257362A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2010-12-08 | Knoch, Kern & CO. KG | Process and plant for producing products, in which carbon dioxide is released |
CN109516912A (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2019-03-26 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of method of sequestration of carbon dioxide |
CN113278995A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Method for preparing oxalic acid from carbon dioxide or bicarbonate or carbonate |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
ALISSANDRATOS, A: "in Bioresour Technol", vol. 164, 2014, pages: 7 - 1 |
AL-TAMREH S.A, CHEM ELECTRO CHEM, vol. 8, 2021, pages 3207 - 3220 |
CHAN, W.L, ACS CATAL, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, pages 931 - 937 |
ENZYMES FOR SOLVING HUMANKIND'S PROBLEMS |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9285116B2 (en) | Method and a system for converting carbon dioxide into chemical starting materials | |
CN110022964B (en) | Method for separating and fixing carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide in waste gas | |
US20100028241A1 (en) | Hydrogen Production and Carbon Sequestration in Coal and Natural Gas-Burning Power Plants | |
US20100196244A1 (en) | Method and device for binding gaseous co2 to sea water for the flue gas treatment with sodium carbonate compounds | |
US8529856B2 (en) | Method and apparatus to sequester CO2 gas | |
US6994839B2 (en) | Carbonate recycling in a hydrogen producing reaction | |
GB2516141A (en) | Method and system of activation of mineral silicate minerals | |
AU2014370454B2 (en) | Method of producing metal carbonate from an ultramafic rock material | |
EP3129125B1 (en) | Method of activation of mineral silicate minerals | |
CN108499339A (en) | A variety of waste gas treatment process | |
NO343140B1 (en) | Process for sustainable energy production in a power plant comprising a solid oxide fuel cell | |
WO2023208755A1 (en) | Storage of carbon dioxide released from lime | |
KR102068065B1 (en) | Mineral carbonation method using carbon dioxide membrane | |
US4425314A (en) | Method for the manufacture of metal oxide and hydrochloric acid from metal chloride | |
US20150291500A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for production of formate from carbon dioxide | |
KR101778846B1 (en) | Method for carbon dioxide fixation using wollastonite | |
KR20140103676A (en) | Method of concentrating carbon dioxide | |
JP2007051181A (en) | Method for recovering sensible heat of coke oven gas | |
RU2482904C2 (en) | Method and plant for making products whereat carbon dioxide is released | |
WO2011149517A2 (en) | Methods for recycling carbonate byproducts in a hydrogen producing reaction | |
EP3356574B1 (en) | Low temperature vapor phase digestion of graphite | |
RU2542983C2 (en) | Method and installation for conversion of carbon monoxide and water into carbon dioxide and hydrogen with removal of one or more products | |
KR102438061B1 (en) | Methods for storage and mineralization of carbon dioxide in the papermaking process | |
KR102092825B1 (en) | Mineral carbonation system using carbon dioxide membrane | |
KR102305659B1 (en) | Apparatus and Method for Mineralizing Carbon Dioxide Using Integrated Process |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23721370 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |