WO2023207659A1 - 确定doa的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置 - Google Patents

确定doa的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023207659A1
WO2023207659A1 PCT/CN2023/088739 CN2023088739W WO2023207659A1 WO 2023207659 A1 WO2023207659 A1 WO 2023207659A1 CN 2023088739 W CN2023088739 W CN 2023088739W WO 2023207659 A1 WO2023207659 A1 WO 2023207659A1
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Prior art keywords
target
ris
reference signal
beams
doa
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PCT/CN2023/088739
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭晓江
李�杰
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023207659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023207659A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of communications, and specifically, to a method, device, storage medium, and electronic device for determining DOA.
  • Smart reflective surfaces can effectively improve the coverage of wireless communication signals, especially in the millimeter wave band, which has very broad application prospects. Smart reflective surfaces have become a very important evolution direction for B5G (Beyond 5G) and 6G.
  • B5G Beyond 5G
  • 6G Beyond 5G
  • a small area of smart reflecting surface can produce a very narrow beam. The narrower the beam, the greater the gain of the smart reflective surface, and the more beams that need to be scanned by the smart reflective surface to align with the user terminal, resulting in greater beam scanning resource overhead; as the beam becomes wider, the power brought by the smart reflective surface Gain will be greatly reduced.
  • a commonly used low-overhead beam scanning method for millimeter wave base stations can be roughly summarized as follows: first use wide beam scanning to determine the approximate range of the user terminal, and then use narrow beam scanning within the coverage of the wide beam to determine more accurate The accuracy of this scanning method is ultimately limited by the beam width and scanning interval of the narrow beam used. Obviously, in order to reduce resource overhead, the scanning interval cannot be infinitely reduced.
  • smart reflective surfaces we can learn from the beam scanning method of millimeter wave base stations. Relatively speaking, smart reflective surfaces have a larger reflector area and narrower beam width, so the number of beams that need to be scanned is larger, so high accuracy can be achieved. Beam scanning and tracking are more difficult.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, device, storage medium and electronic device for determining DOA, so as to at least solve the problems of low beam scanning accuracy and high tracking difficulty in related technologies.
  • a method for determining DOA including: determining a target reference signal and a codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal, and configuring the codebook value to a smart reflective surface RIS; obtaining the target reference signal through the RIS After the target reference signal is reflected to the receiving end, the receiving end measures the target reference signal and obtains the measurement result.
  • RIS corresponds to the reflected reference signal according to the codebook value; the target angle of arrival DOA is determined based on the measurement result.
  • a device for determining DOA including: a determining module for determining a target reference signal and a codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal, and configuring the codebook value to the smart reflective surface RIS; acquisition module, used to obtain the target reference signal reflected to the receiving end through RIS, and then the receiving end performs on the target reference signal.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is also provided.
  • a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer program is configured to execute any of the above methods when running. Steps in Examples.
  • an electronic device including a memory and a processor.
  • a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform any of the above. Steps in method embodiments.
  • Figure 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal of a method for determining DOA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method of determining DOA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an RIS implementing coarse coverage of a UE in the beam space through several beams according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of RIS using a narrow beam with stronger power to achieve coverage of UE through estimated DOA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of one-dimensional azimuth DOA estimation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of one-dimensional pitch DOA estimation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of using three beams for two-dimensional DOA estimation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of using four beams for two-dimensional DOA estimation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of using five beams for two-dimensional DOA estimation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a flow chart of RIS estimation of terminal DOA when the terminal transmits a reference signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 11 is a flow chart of RIS estimating terminal DOA when the base station transmits a reference signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 12 is a structural block diagram of a device for determining DOA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a hardware structure block diagram of a mobile terminal for a method of determining DOA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the mobile terminal may include one or more (only one is shown in Figure 1) processors 102 (the processor 102 may include but is not limited to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA) and a memory 104 for storing data, wherein the above-mentioned mobile terminal may also include a transmission device 106 and an input and output device 108 for communication functions.
  • processors 102 may include but is not limited to a processing device such as a microprocessor MCU or a programmable logic device FPGA
  • a memory 104 for storing data
  • the above-mentioned mobile terminal may also include a transmission device 106 and an input and output device 108 for communication functions.
  • the structure shown in Figure 1 is only illustrative, and it does not limit the structure of the above-mentioned mobile terminal.
  • the mobile terminal may also include more or fewer components than shown in FIG. 1 , or have a different configuration than shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the memory 104 can be used to store computer programs, for example, software programs and modules of application software, such as the computer program corresponding to the method for determining DOA in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the processor 102 runs the program stored in the memory 104 Computer programs to perform various functional applications and data processing, that is, to implement the above methods.
  • Memory 104 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or other non-volatile solid-state memory.
  • the memory 104 may further include memory located remotely relative to the processor 102, and these remote memories may be connected to the mobile terminal through a network. Examples of the above-mentioned networks include but are not limited to the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks and combinations thereof.
  • the transmission device 106 is used to receive or send data via a network.
  • Specific examples of the above-mentioned network may include a wireless network provided by a communication provider of the mobile terminal.
  • the transmission device 106 includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, NIC for short), which can be connected to other network devices through a base station to communicate with the Internet.
  • the transmission device 106 may be a radio frequency (Radio Frequency, RF for short) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.
  • NIC Network Interface Controller
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining DOA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the process includes the following steps:
  • Step S202 determine the target reference signal and the codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal, and configure the codebook value to the intelligent reflective surface RIS (Reconfigurable intelligent surface, intelligent reflective surface);
  • Step S204 Obtain the measurement result obtained by measuring the target reference signal by the receiving end after the target reference signal is reflected to the receiving end through the RIS, wherein the RIS is configured according to the codebook. The value corresponds to the reflection of the reference signal;
  • Step S206 Determine the target angle of arrival DOA (Direction of arrival) based on the measurement results.
  • the one that performs the above operations may be the base station, or the processing equipment provided in the base station, or other network elements with similar processing capabilities, etc.
  • the receiving end in step S204 may be a base station or a terminal.
  • the target reference signal is a downlink signal
  • the receiving end is a terminal, that is, the target reference signal needs to be sent to the terminal by the base station through RIS;
  • the target reference signal is When the reference signal is an uplink signal, the above-mentioned receiving end is the base station, that is, the target reference signal needs to be sent by the terminal to the base station through RIS.
  • the two situations will be explained in detail later.
  • the target reference signal is reflected by the RIS to the receiving end according to the codebook value pre-configured by the base station, information interaction between the base station and the RIS is realized, and the code used to reflect the reference signal is adjusted based on the interaction result.
  • This value can quickly realize RIS beam scanning and beam tracking, effectively solving the problems of low beam scanning accuracy and high tracking difficulty in related technologies, thus improving the beam scanning accuracy and reducing the tracking difficulty.
  • determining the codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal includes: determining a target beam between the RIS and the terminal; and determining the codebook value based on the position of the target beam.
  • determining the target beam between the RIS and the terminal includes: determining the strongest beam between the RIS and the terminal whose energy on the RIS side exceeds a predetermined threshold; The beam and the beam that satisfies the target relationship with the strongest beam are determined as the target beam, wherein the beam that satisfies the target relationship with the strongest beam includes at least one of the following: The next strongest beam is adjacent in azimuth, and the next strongest beam is adjacent to the strongest beam in elevation.
  • the strongest beam is usually a wide beam or a narrow beam.
  • the above-mentioned codebook value is determined comprehensively by the beam and the strongest beam in the azimuth direction or the second strongest beam in the elevation direction.
  • synchronization reference signals and beam scanning can be used. Or obtain prior information and other methods.
  • determining the target reference signal includes: configuring a predetermined number of the target reference signals in a time slot. target reference signal, wherein each target reference signal occupies one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol; after determining the target reference signal, the method further includes: notifying the terminal of parameter information of the target reference signal;
  • the parameter information includes at least one of the following: time slot information, OFDM symbols, frequency domain positions, and mother code parameters.
  • the base station configures n reference signals (corresponding to the above-mentioned predetermined number) at one time in a time slot. Each reference signal occupies one OFDM symbol.
  • the base station and the terminal need to know the corresponding parameters of the reference signal (i.e., The above-mentioned parameter information), when transmitting the above-mentioned target reference signal (base station transmission or terminal transmission), the base station or terminal transmits the configured n reference signals on n OFDM symbols at one time in the prescribed time slot.
  • the base station when the above target reference signal is a downlink reference signal, if the base station needs to use the information of multiple panels, for example, when using the information of m panels, the base station configures it all at once in one time slot.
  • mn downlink reference signals each m reference signal is a group and occupies one OFDM symbol. Each group of m reference signals corresponds to m panels of the base station. Each group of m reference signals is the frequency division or code division of an OFDM symbol.
  • the base station transmits the configured mn reference signals on n OFDM symbols at one time in the prescribed time slot.
  • the method further includes: the RIS The codebook indicated by the codebook value corresponding to each target reference signal is sequentially switched on the OFDM symbol where the target reference signal is distributed; wherein, the action time of each codebook is the onset of the OFDM symbol. starting time to ending time.
  • the base station notifies the RIS of the time slots corresponding to the n reference signals and the positions of the n OFDM symbols. At the same time, the base station also needs to configure n codebooks for the RIS, and the reference signals and codebooks need to be connected one by one. correspond.
  • the RIS After receiving the configuration information of the base station, the RIS sequentially switches n codebooks on the n OFDM symbols where the specified n reference signals are located.
  • the effective time of each codebook is from the start time to the end time of the OFDM symbol.
  • the base station notifies the RIS of the time slots corresponding to the mn reference signals and the positions of the n OFDM symbols.
  • the base station also needs to configure n codebooks for the RIS. There needs to be a gap between the n symbols and the codebooks where the reference signals are located.
  • the RIS After receiving the configuration information of the base station, the RIS sequentially switches n codebooks on the n OFDM symbols where the specified n reference signals are located.
  • the effective time of each codebook is from the start time to the end time of the OFDM symbol.
  • the method before obtaining the measurement result, further includes: configuring a target uplink reference signal to a terminal to instruct the terminal to transmit the target uplink reference signal, wherein the target reference signal
  • the signal includes the target uplink reference signal
  • obtaining the measurement result includes: measuring the target uplink reference signal reflected by the RIS to obtain the measurement result.
  • the method before obtaining the measurement result, further includes: sending a target downlink reference signal to the terminal, wherein the target reference signal includes the target downlink reference signal; obtaining the measurement result
  • the method includes: obtaining and reporting the measurement result obtained by the terminal after measuring the target downlink reference signal reflected by the RIS.
  • This embodiment is an explanation of the downlink reference signal sent by the base station. In this embodiment, the base station will send the determined downlink reference signal to the terminal through the RIS.
  • obtaining the measurement result reported by the terminal includes: obtaining the measurement results of each target downlink reference signal included in the target downlink reference signal that the terminal feeds back once on a predetermined time-frequency resource. Measurement results, wherein the feedback order of each measurement result is consistent with the corresponding transmission order of each target downlink reference signal.
  • determining the target reference signal and the codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal includes: determining the number of the target reference signal and the number of the codebook value based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA. .
  • the codebook values (or codebooks) that need to be configured are different. For example, when performing DOA estimation in one spatial dimension, the RIS configured once The number of codebooks and reference signals is at least 2. If the configured parameters can estimate DOA in two dimensions at one time, then the number of RIS codebooks and reference signals configured at one time is at least 3.
  • the terminal needs to feed back the measurement results of all reference signals at once on the time-frequency resources specified by the base station.
  • These measurement results can be complex numbers or real numbers, and the measurement results are There is a one-to-one correspondence between the feedback sequence and the sending sequence of downlink reference signals.
  • determining the number of the target reference signal based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA includes: based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA and The target panel information determines the number of target downlink reference signals.
  • determining the number of target downlink reference signals based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA and the information of the target panel includes: determining the number of target downlink reference signals as n ⁇ m, where, n is an integer larger than the spatial dimension, m is the number of the target panels; wherein, each m target downlink reference signals are a group and occupy one OFDM symbol, and each group of m target downlink reference signals corresponds to m There are two target panels, and each group of m reference signals is transmitted in one OFDM symbol in a frequency division or code division manner.
  • the base station when the base station needs to use the information of m panels, if the configured parameters can only estimate DOA in one spatial dimension at a time, then the RIS codebook configured at one time is at least 2, that is, n is greater than or equal to 2. , the number of reference signals is mn; if the configured parameters can estimate DOA in two dimensions at one time, then the number of RIS codebooks and reference signals configured at one time is at least 3, that is, n is greater than or equal to 3, and the number of reference signals is mn.
  • the terminal needs to feed back the measurement results of mn reference signals at one time on the time-frequency resources specified by the base station. These measurement results can be complex numbers or real numbers. The feedback sequence of these mn measurement results and the sending sequence of mn reference signals There is a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the method further includes: selecting an RIS beam based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA; and indicating the selected RIS beam to the RIS.
  • selecting the RIS beam based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA includes: when the spatial dimension is one dimension, selecting at least two adjacent RIS beams in the spatial dimension; When the spatial dimension is two-dimensional, at least two adjacent beams in the azimuth phase and at least two adjacent beams in the elevation phase are selected.
  • the base station when performing one-dimensional DOA estimation, the base station selects intelligent reflecting surface beams that are 2 or 3 adjacent beams in this dimension (of course, it can also be more); when performing two-dimensional DOA estimation, the base station selects The selected smart reflector beams should include at least two adjacent beams in the azimuth direction and two adjacent beams in the elevation direction (of course, there can be more).
  • the phase information of the reference signal is used and the phase shift caused by Doppler is unavoidable, the number of required beams needs to be increased by at least one, and the additional beams are a repetition of a certain beam or several beams.
  • indicating the selected RIS beam to the RIS includes: indicating the number of the reference beam included in the RIS beam to the RIS; indicating the number of other reference beams included in the RIS beam.
  • the number offset information of the beam relative to the reference beam is indicated to the RIS, where the other beams are beams other than the reference beam included in the RIS beam.
  • indicating to the RIS the number offset information of other beams included in the RIS beam relative to the reference beam includes: adjusting the other beams included in the RIS beam relative to the The square of the reference beam Phase number offset information and pitch phase number offset information are indicated to the RIS.
  • the base station needs to indicate K beams to the RIS.
  • the base station uses one of the beams as a reference beam and indicates the number of the reference beam to the intelligent reflector.
  • the base station also directs the remaining (K-1) beams to each other.
  • the reference beam's number offset information is indicated to the smart reflector. Number the beams.
  • the beam Beam (ID azi +ID azi, offset , ID ele +ID ele, offset ) deviates from the beam Beam (ID azi , ID ele ) in the azimuth direction by ID azi, offset beams and deviates in the elevation dimension.
  • ID ele, offset beams, where (ID azi , ID ele ) represent the azimuth and elevation numbers respectively, ID azi, offset and ID ele, offset greater than 0 or less than 0 represent the direction of deviation.
  • the base station when performing DOA estimation, if the base station indicates at most 5 beams to the smart reflecting surface. Then the base station selects a reference beam and transmits the reference beam number Beam (ID azi , ID ele ) to the smart reflector.
  • the remaining four beams only require the base station to transmit (ID azi , offset , ID ele, offset ). These four beams only need to use 1 bit information to indicate the azimuth offset ID azi, offset , and 1 bit information to indicate the pitch offset ID ele, offset .
  • the high-precision DOA estimation in this disclosure is to first obtain the beam domain information by changing the codebook of the RIS, and then implement the DOA estimation in the beam domain.
  • the specific principle is as follows:
  • the number of elements in each panel panel of the base station is N bs
  • the number of terminal elements is N ue
  • the number of RIS panel elements is N ris .
  • the channel from RIS to the base station is H ris-bs
  • the dimension is N ris ⁇ N bs
  • the channel from UE to RIS is H ue-ris and the dimension is N ue ⁇ N ris .
  • the weighted value of RIS is:
  • the dimension of H is N ue ⁇ N bs .
  • the received data after being shaped separately on the BS side and the UE side is:
  • Diag() means pulling a diagonal matrix into a column vector and pulling a column vector into a diagonal matrix. For a single-path channel, it can be expressed as
  • ⁇ ue-ris and ⁇ ris-bs represent the complex amplitude of this path
  • a ue-ris and The steering vectors representing the UE side and RIS side of the UE and RIS connection path respectively are vectors related to the UE side angle and RIS side angle of the UE and RIS connection path
  • a ris-bs and The steering vectors respectively represent the RIS side and the BS side of the RIS and BS connection path, and are vectors related to the RIS side angle and the BS side angle of the RIS and BS connection path.
  • ⁇ ue W ue a ue-ris and is a scalar, which is the complex amplitude after shaping this path by the shaping weights on the UE side and the BS side respectively.
  • DOA estimation the essence of the RIS codebook (DOA estimation) is to estimate the steering vector of the RIS
  • the weight of the beam space transformation is diag( ⁇ w ), which is the RIS wide beam codebook that requires multiple switching in this disclosure.
  • this disclosure converts the problem of RIS coverage enhancement of terminals into the problem of DOA estimation of beam space.
  • the essence of RIS's DOA estimation for the terminal is to estimate a more accurate RIS codebook from multiple y( ⁇ w ) in the beam space under different ⁇ w .
  • ⁇ w, optimal f(y( ⁇ w,1 ), y( ⁇ w,2 ),..., y( ⁇ w,K )) (6)
  • f() is the method of estimating DOA in the beam space
  • K is the number of RIS codebooks used in the beam space.
  • the estimated angle The corresponding guidance vector sum It is matched and corresponds to the incident angle and reflection angle of the RIS plate.
  • This steering vector can be used as a codebook for narrow beams.
  • the base station uses the measurement data of the beam space to estimate the terminal's more accurate codebook (or DOA) relative to the RIS, it switches the codebook of the RIS through signaling, allowing the RIS to achieve more accurate beam alignment for the terminal. Tracking and positioning, etc., as shown in Figure 4.
  • This disclosure performs DOA estimation in the beam space and requires the selection of multiple beams. Since there are many beams on the smart reflective surface, if the codebook or beam number of each beam is indicated to the smart reflective surface respectively, the signaling overhead will be very high. Using a certain beam as the benchmark, a signaling indication method with low overhead is given: Assume that the base station needs to indicate K beams to the intelligent reflecting surface. The base station uses one of the beams as the reference beam and indicates the number of the reference beam. To the intelligent reflecting surface, the base station simultaneously indicates the number information of the remaining (K-1) beams relative to the reference beam to the intelligent reflecting surface.
  • the beam Beam (ID azi +ID azi, offset , ID ele +ID ele, offset ) deviates from the beam Beam (ID azi , ID ele ) in the azimuth direction by ID azi, offset beams and deviates in the elevation dimension.
  • ID ele, offset beams where (ID azi , ID ele ) represent the azimuth and elevation numbers respectively, ID azi, offset and ID ele, offset greater than 0 or less than 0 represent the direction of deviation.
  • the transmission information of K beams can be abbreviated as Beam(ID azi , ID ele ), (ID azi, offset_1 , ID ele, offset_1 ),..., (ID azi, offset_K-1 , ID ele, offset_K-1 ), or other sorting format.
  • the selected K beams are determined based on the reference beam and the selected beam pattern, which can be roughly divided into the following categories:
  • the other two beams can be agreed to be the left beam and the right beam that are adjacent in the azimuth direction, or they can be agreed in advance to be the two left beams or the two right beams that are adjacent in the azimuth direction.
  • two or three adjacent different beams can generally be selected.
  • the following beam indication method can be used:
  • the other two beams can be agreed to be the upper beam and the lower beam that are adjacent in the pitch direction, or they can be agreed in advance to be the two upper beams or the two lower beams that are adjacent in the pitch direction.
  • At least three adjacent different beams are selected.
  • the three beams are characterized by two adjacent beams in the azimuth direction and two adjacent beams in the elevation direction.
  • One of the beam patterns is shown in Figure 7.
  • the four beams are characterized by at least two adjacent beams in the azimuth direction and at least two adjacent beams in the elevation direction.
  • One of the beam patterns is shown in Figure 8.
  • the five beams are characterized by at least two adjacent beams in the azimuth direction and at least two adjacent beams in the elevation direction.
  • One of the beam patterns is shown in Figure 9.
  • the beam domain DOA estimation method does not utilize phase information
  • at least two different beams need to be configured, and these beams are distributed on different symbols in a time slot.
  • the number of reference signals and RIS codebooks that need to be configured at one time is at least 2.
  • One reference signal on each symbol corresponds to one RIS codebook.
  • the beam patterns corresponding to the RIS codebook are adjacent in the estimated dimensions. Beam (as shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6).
  • the typical number of beams, RIS codebooks, and reference signals is 2 or 3.
  • the beams of the base station and the terminal remain unchanged during the entire process of reference signal transmission.
  • the number of each parameter in the above configuration needs to be increased by at least 1. At least two of all configured beams and RIS codebooks are the same. The typical number of beams, RIS codebooks, and reference signals is 3 or 4.
  • the beam patterns corresponding to the RIS codebook are beams with adjacent estimated dimensions (as shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6), and one of the beams needs to be repeated once for Doppler compensation. The beams of the base station and the terminal remain unchanged during the entire process of reference signal transmission.
  • each DOA estimation configuration can only estimate the angle in one dimension, then it needs to be configured again to estimate the angle in another dimension to obtain a complete two-dimensional angle.
  • the base station needs The number of reference signals and RIS codebooks configured at one time is at least 3.
  • One reference signal on each symbol corresponds to one RIS codebook.
  • the beam pattern corresponding to the RIS codebook requires phases to appear in both the azimuth and elevation directions. neighboring beams (as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8 or Figure 9).
  • the typical number of beams, RIS codebooks, and reference signals is 3 or 4. The beams of the base station and the terminal remain unchanged during the entire process of reference signal transmission.
  • the number of each parameter in the above configuration needs to be increased by at least 1. At least two of all configured beams and RIS codebooks are the same. The typical number of beams, RIS codebooks, and parameter signals is 4 or 5.
  • the beam pattern corresponding to the RIS codebook requires adjacent beams to appear in both the azimuth and elevation directions (as shown in Figure 7, Figure 8 or Figure 9), and one of the beams needs to be repeated once for Doppler compensation. The beams of the base station and the terminal remain unchanged during the entire process of reference signal transmission.
  • Reference signals corresponding to different symbols in all the above parameters configured for DOA estimation each time should occupy the same RE or at least the same RB.
  • downlink reference signals are used for DOA estimation and you want to jointly use multiple panel information (assumed to be n)
  • the number of reference signals on each symbol needs to be increased to n times, and n panels should correspond to one symbol.
  • the number of reference signals is equal to n times the number of symbols or the number of RIS codebooks used.
  • the measurement values fed back by the terminal to the base station are complex numbers, and these feedback complex numbers should correspond one-to-one with the panel and RIS codebook.
  • this embodiment is aimed at the terminal transmitting uplink reference signals:
  • Step 1 The base station determines the scanning beam with the strongest energy on the RIS side between the RIS and the terminal (usually a wide beam, but can also be a narrow beam). If necessary, it also needs to determine the azimuth direction of the strongest beam or the next strongest beam in the pitch direction. , this process can be obtained through synchronization reference signals, beam scanning or prior information.
  • Step 2 The base station determines the number of RIS codebooks (i.e., K) required for DOA estimation and the corresponding RIS codebook value ⁇ w, 1 based on the strongest beam of the terminal relative to the RIS and the position of the adjacent second strongest beam in azimuth and elevation.
  • K the number of RIS codebooks required for DOA estimation and the corresponding RIS codebook value ⁇ w, 1 based on the strongest beam of the terminal relative to the RIS and the position of the adjacent second strongest beam in azimuth and elevation.
  • ⁇ w, 2 the RIS codebook pattern, as introduced before, requires the existence of adjacent beams in the azimuth and elevation directions.
  • the base station can set the codebook label of the strongest beam Beam (ID azi , ID ele ), the relative offset of the strongest beam to the adjacent second strongest beam (ID azi , offset_1 , 0), and the pitch phase of the strongest beam.
  • the relative offset of the next strongest beam (0, ID ele, offset_2 ).
  • Step 3 The base station configures the uplink reference signal for DOA estimation at one time to the terminal through signaling based on the number of RIS codebooks required in the previous step. Different reference signals should be on different symbols in a time slot.
  • Step 4 The base station configures the number of codebook values in step 2 to the RIS through signaling.
  • Each set of codebook values corresponds to a set of time domain resource positions of the uplink reference signal in step 3.
  • the action time of the set of codebook values should be able to be from the corresponding Reference signal reception starts until reception ends.
  • Step 5 The terminal transmits multiple sets of uplink reference signals on the corresponding time-frequency resources according to the base station signaling.
  • the RIS synchronously switches the corresponding codebook values according to the base station signaling.
  • the terminal needs to maintain the terminal side during the process of transmitting these uplink reference signals.
  • the assignment weight remains unchanged.
  • the codebook value of RIS remains unchanged when reflecting each set of reference signals.
  • Step 6 The base station receives the uplink reference signal. During the process of receiving these reference signals, the base station needs to keep the receiving beam unchanged.
  • the base station matches the received uplink reference signal with the codebook value of the RIS one-to-one to obtain y( ⁇ w, 1 ) ,y( ⁇ w,2 ),...,y( ⁇ w,K ).
  • the base station uses the DOA estimation method in the beam space to estimate a more accurate RIS codebook or DOA. If the phase value is used in the DOA estimation process, then the initial phase differences of y( ⁇ w,1 ), y( ⁇ w,2 ),..., y( ⁇ w,K ) at different times need to be completed.
  • Step 7 Based on the DOA estimated in the previous step, the base station switches the RIS codebook parameters to achieve more accurate beam alignment, beam tracking, positioning and other operations.
  • the base station, RIS and terminal only interact with some signaling and less data.
  • this embodiment is aimed at base stations transmitting reference signals:
  • Step 1 The base station determines the scanning beam with the strongest energy on the RIS side between the RIS and the terminal (usually a wide beam, but can also be a narrow beam). If necessary, it also needs to determine the azimuth direction of the strongest beam or the next strongest beam in the pitch direction. , this process can be done through Obtained by methods such as synchronization reference signal, beam scanning or prior information.
  • Step 2 The base station determines the number of RIS codebooks required for DOA estimation and the corresponding RIS codebook values ⁇ w, 1 , ⁇ w, 2 based on the terminal's strongest beam relative to the RIS and the adjacent sub-strong beam positions in azimuth and elevation. ,..., ⁇ w, K , the RIS codebook pattern is as introduced above. It requires adjacent beams in the azimuth and elevation directions. If three beams are selected, then the strongest beam and the strongest beam in the azimuth direction can be selected.
  • the second strongest beam, the strongest beam in the elevation direction, and the adjacent second strongest beam (when the Doppler phase influence between different symbols needs to be considered, at least four sets of codebook values are required, of which two sets of codebook values are the same, that is, one of the beams needs to be repeated once, The strongest beam can be repeated once).
  • the base station can set the codebook label of the strongest beam Beam (ID azi , ID ele ), the relative offset of the strongest beam to the adjacent second strongest beam (ID azi , offset_1 , 0), and the pitch phase of the strongest beam.
  • the relative offset of the next strongest beam (0, ID ele, offset_2 ).
  • the 0 element can be omitted to reduce resource overhead.
  • Step 3 The base station configures the downlink reference signal for DOA estimation at one time through signaling to the terminal based on the number of RIS codebooks required in the previous step. Different reference signals should be on different symbols in a time slot. If the base station needs multiple panels to jointly estimate DOA, assuming that n panels are needed, the number of downlink reference signals that need to be configured is n times the number of RIS codebooks, and n frequency-division or code-division reference signals are configured on each symbol.
  • Step 4 The base station configures the codebook value in step 2 to RIS through signaling.
  • Each set of codebook values corresponds to a set of downlink reference signal resource positions on one symbol in step 3.
  • the action time of this set of codebook values should be from The corresponding reference signal starts to be received until the reception is completed.
  • Step 5 The base station transmits multiple sets of downlink reference signals on the configured time-frequency resources.
  • the RIS synchronously switches the corresponding codebook values according to the base station signaling.
  • the base station needs to maintain the shaping rights on the base station side during the process of transmitting these downlink reference signals.
  • the value remains unchanged.
  • the codebook value of RIS remains unchanged when reflecting each set of reference signals.
  • Step 6 The terminal receives the downlink reference signal.
  • the terminal needs to keep the receiving beam unchanged during the process of receiving these reference signals.
  • the measured value is fed back to the base station, such as the strongest path corresponding to the channel time domain tap. Or the complex amplitude of multiple paths.
  • These feedback values should be able to correspond one-to-one with the RIS codebook and panel, and be known to the base station.
  • the feedback sequence can be agreed in advance or indicated by an indication value.
  • the terminal can, but is not limited to, provide feedback through RRC.
  • Step 7 The base station matches the downlink reference signal measurement value fed back by the terminal with the RIS codebook corresponding to each set of reference signals, and obtains y( ⁇ w,1 ), y( ⁇ w,2 ),..., y( ⁇ w, K ). If the base station uses n panels to jointly estimate DOA, then the information fed back by the terminal needs to be expanded n times. The n panels can feed back separately or jointly. Based on the measurement values, RIS codebook values, RIS board parameters, etc. fed back by the terminal, the base station uses the DOA estimation method in the beam space to estimate a more accurate RIS codebook or DOA. If the phase value is used in the DOA estimation process, then the initial phase differences of y( ⁇ w,1 ), y( ⁇ w,2 ),..., y( ⁇ w,K ) at different times need to be completed.
  • Step 8 Based on the DOA estimated in the previous step, the base station switches the RIS codebook parameters to achieve more accurate beam alignment, beam tracking, positioning and other operations.
  • the power of the downlink reference signal is higher, and higher angle measurement accuracy can be achieved.
  • the present disclosure relates to a high-precision DOA estimation method for intelligent reflective surfaces, in particular to intelligent reflective surface RIS in the field of communications. Angle estimation, beam training, beam tracking, etc. This disclosure achieves high-precision angle estimation in the beam domain by changing the shaping weight of the intelligent reflection surface multiple times, which can effectively reduce the number of scanning beams during beam training and enhance the power of the receiving end.
  • the method according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform. Of course, it can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is Better implementation.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product in essence or that contributes to the existing technology.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM/RAM, disk, CD), including several instructions to cause a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • This embodiment also provides a device for determining DOA, which is used to implement the above embodiments and preferred implementations. What has already been described will not be described again.
  • the term "module” may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function.
  • the apparatus described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.
  • Figure 12 is a structural block diagram of a device for determining DOA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, the device includes:
  • the first determination module 122 is used to determine the target reference signal and the codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal, and configure the codebook value to the intelligent reflective surface RIS;
  • the acquisition module 124 is used to acquire the measurement results obtained after the target reference signal is measured by the receiving end after the target reference signal is reflected to the receiving end through the RIS, wherein the RIS is configured according to the The codebook value corresponds to the reflected reference signal;
  • the second determination module 126 is configured to determine the target angle of arrival DOA based on the measurement results.
  • the first determination module 122 is configured to determine the codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal in the following manner: determine the target beam between the RIS and the terminal; determine based on the position of the target beam The codebook value.
  • the first determining module 122 is configured to determine the target beam between the RIS and the terminal in the following manner: determining that the RIS side energy between the RIS and the terminal exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the strongest beam determine the strongest beam and the beam that satisfies the target relationship with the strongest beam as the target beam, wherein the beam that satisfies the target relationship with the strongest beam includes at least one of the following One: the next strongest beam adjacent to the strongest beam in azimuth, and the next strongest beam adjacent to the strongest beam in elevation.
  • the first determining module 122 is configured to determine the target reference signal in the following manner: configuring a predetermined number of the target reference signals in a time slot, wherein each of the target reference signals occupies a positive Cross-frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols; after determining the target reference signal, the method further includes: notifying the terminal and the RIS of parameter information of the target reference signal, wherein the parameter information includes at least one of the following: Time slot information, OFDM symbols, frequency domain positions, and mother code parameters.
  • the above-mentioned RIS is configured to, after receiving the OFDM symbols of the target reference signal notified by the base station and being configured with the codebook value, on the OFDM symbols where the multiple target reference signals are distributed.
  • the codebooks indicated by the codebook values corresponding to each of the target reference signals are sequentially switched; wherein the action time of each codebook is from the starting time to the end time of the OFDM symbol.
  • the above device is further configured to configure a target uplink reference signal to a terminal before obtaining the measurement result to instruct the terminal to transmit the target uplink reference signal, wherein the target reference signal include The target uplink reference signal; obtaining the measurement result includes: measuring the target uplink reference signal reflected by the RIS to obtain the measurement result.
  • the above device is further configured to send a target downlink reference signal to the terminal before obtaining the measurement result, wherein the target reference signal includes the target downlink reference signal; obtaining the measurement result includes : Obtain the measurement result obtained and reported by the terminal after measuring the target downlink reference signal reflected by the RIS.
  • the above-mentioned device is configured to obtain the measurement result reported by the terminal in the following manner: obtain each measurement result included in the target downlink reference signal that is fed back once by the terminal on a predetermined time-frequency resource.
  • the first determining module 122 is configured to determine a target reference signal and a codebook value corresponding to the target reference signal in the following manner: determining a value of the target reference signal based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA. quantity and the number of said codebook values.
  • the determining module 122 is configured to determine the number of the target reference signal based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA in the following manner: The spatial dimension of the target DOA and the information of the target panel determine the number of the target downlink reference signals.
  • the first determination module 122 is configured to determine the number of the target downlink reference signal based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA and the information of the target panel in the following manner: The number is determined to be n ⁇ m, where n is an integer greater than the spatial dimension, and m is the number of the target panels; wherein, every m target downlink reference signals are a group and occupy one OFDM symbol, and each A group of m target downlink reference signals corresponds to m target panels, and each group of m reference signals is transmitted in an OFDM symbol according to frequency division or code division.
  • the apparatus is further configured to: select an RIS beam based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA; and indicate the selected RIS beam to the RIS.
  • the device is configured to select an RIS beam based on the spatial dimension of the target DOA in the following manner: when the spatial dimension is one-dimensional, select an adjacent RIS beam in the spatial dimension. At least two of the RIS beams; if the spatial dimension is two-dimensional, at least two adjacent beams in the azimuth phase and at least two adjacent beams in the elevation phase are selected.
  • the device is configured to indicate the selected RIS beam to the RIS in the following manner: indicating the number of the reference beam included in the RIS beam to the RIS; Number offset information of other beams included in the RIS beam relative to the reference beam is indicated to the RIS, where the other beams are beams included in the RIS beam other than the reference beam.
  • the apparatus is configured to indicate to the RIS the number offset information of other beams included in the RIS beam relative to the reference beam in the following manner: The azimuth phase number offset information and the elevation phase number offset information of other beams relative to the reference beam are indicated to the RIS.
  • each of the above modules can be implemented through software or hardware.
  • it can be implemented in the following ways, but is not limited to this: the above modules are all located in the same processor; or the above modules can be implemented in any combination.
  • the forms are located in different processors.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer-readable storage medium.
  • a computer program wherein the computer program is configured to execute the steps in any one of the above method embodiments when running.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may include but is not limited to: U disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, referred to as RAM) , mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store computer programs.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • mobile hard disk magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store computer programs.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor.
  • a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to perform the steps in any of the above method embodiments.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device may further include a transmission device and an input-output device, wherein the transmission device is connected to the above-mentioned processor, and the input-output device is connected to the above-mentioned processor.
  • modules or steps of the present disclosure can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices, and they can be concentrated on a single computing device, or distributed across a network composed of multiple computing devices. They may be implemented in program code executable by a computing device, such that they may be stored in a storage device for execution by the computing device, and in some cases may be executed in a sequence different from that shown herein. Or the described steps can be implemented by making them into individual integrated circuit modules respectively, or by making multiple modules or steps among them into a single integrated circuit module. As such, the present disclosure is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

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Abstract

本公开实施例提供了一种确定DOA的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置，其中，该方法包括：确定目标参考信号以及与目标参考信号对应的码本值，并将码本值配置给智能反射面RIS；获取通过RIS将目标参考信号反射到接收端后，由接收端对目标参考信号进行测量后所得到的测量结果，其中，RIS按照码本值对应反射参考信号；基于测量结果确定目标波达角DOA。

Description

确定DOA的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开基于2022年4月25日提交的发明名称为“确定DOA的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置”的中国专利申请CN202210441609.7，并且要求该专利申请的优先权，通过引用将其所公开的内容全部并入本公开。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及通信领域，具体而言，涉及一种确定DOA的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置。
背景技术
智能反射面能够有效提高无线通信信号的覆盖范围，尤其是在毫米波波段具有十分广阔的应用前景，智能反射面已经成为了B5G(Beyond 5G)和6G的一个非常重要的演进方向。在实际通信系统中，为了提高智能反射面的功率增益，通常需要增加智能反射面面积并采用窄波束实现对用户终端的覆盖。在毫米波波段，一块很小面积的智能反射面就能产生一个很窄的波束。波束越窄，智能反射面的增益越大，智能反射面对准用户终端所需要扫描的波束数目也越多，带来的波束扫描资源开销越大；波束变宽，智能反射面带来的功率增益会大大降低。
目前对智能反射面波束扫描和追踪方面的研究很少，针对毫米波基站的波束扫描有较多研究。当前针对毫米波基站一种常用的低开销波束扫描方法大致可以概括为：先采用宽波束扫描，确定用户终端的大致范围，再在宽波束的覆盖范围内通过窄波束扫描，确定更为精确的位置，这种扫描方法的精度最终受限于所采用窄波束的波束宽度和扫描间隔，显然为了降低资源开销扫描间隔不可能无限缩小。对智能反射面来说，可以借鉴毫米波基站的波束扫描方法，相对来说智能反射面由于反射板面积更大，窄波束的波束宽度更窄，需要扫描的波束数目更多，因此实现高精度波束扫描和追踪的难度更大。
针对相关技术中存在的波束扫描精度低，追踪难度大的问题，目前尚未提出有效的解决方案。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供了一种确定DOA的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置，以至少解决相关技术中存在的波束扫描精度低，追踪难度大的问题。
根据本公开的一个实施例，提供了一种确定DOA的方法，包括：确定目标参考信号以及与目标参考信号对应的码本值，并将码本值配置给智能反射面RIS；获取通过RIS将目标参考信号反射到接收端后，由接收端对目标参考信号进行测量后所得到的测量结果，其中，RIS按照码本值对应反射参考信号；基于测量结果确定目标波达角DOA。
根据本公开的另一个实施例，提供了一种确定DOA的装置，包括：确定模块，用于确定目标参考信号以及与目标参考信号对应的码本值，并将码本值配置给智能反射面RIS；获取模块，用于获取通过RIS将目标参考信号反射到接收端后，由接收端对目标参考信号进行 测量后所得到的测量结果，其中，RIS按照码本值对应反射参考信号；确定模块，用于基于所述测量结果确定目标波达角DOA。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被设置为运行时执行上述任一项方法实施例中的步骤。
根据本公开的又一个实施例，还提供了一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器被设置为运行所述计算机程序以执行上述任一项方法实施例中的步骤。
附图说明
图1是本公开实施例的确定DOA的方法的移动终端的硬件结构框图；
图2是根据本公开实施例的确定DOA的方法的流程图；
图3是根据本公开实施例的RIS通过若干个波束在波束空间实现对UE的粗覆盖的示意图；
图4是根据本公开实施例的通过估计的DOA，RIS利用功率更强的窄波束实现对UE的覆盖的示意图；
图5是根据本公开实施例的进行一维方位向DOA估计的示意图；
图6是根据本公开实施例的进行一维俯仰向DOA估计的示意图；
图7是根据本公开实施例的采用三个波束进行二维DOA估计的示意图；
图8是根据本公开实施例的采用四个波束进行二维DOA估计的示意图；
图9是根据本公开实施例的采用五个波束进行二维DOA估计的示意图；
图10是根据本公开实施例的终端发射参考信号时，RIS对终端DOA估计的流程图；
图11是根据本公开实施例的基站发射参考信号时，RIS对终端DOA估计的流程图；
图12是根据本公开实施例的确定DOA的装置的结构框图。
具体实施方式
下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本公开的实施例。
需要说明的是，本公开的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
本公开实施例中所提供的方法实施例可以在移动终端、计算机终端或者类似的运算装置中执行。以运行在移动终端上为例，图1是本公开实施例的一种确定DOA的方法的移动终端的硬件结构框图。如图1所示，移动终端可以包括一个或多个(图1中仅示出一个)处理器102(处理器102可以包括但不限于微处理器MCU或可编程逻辑器件FPGA等的处理装置)和用于存储数据的存储器104，其中，上述移动终端还可以包括用于通信功能的传输设备106以及输入输出设备108。本领域普通技术人员可以理解，图1所示的结构仅为示意，其并不对上述移动终端的结构造成限定。例如，移动终端还可包括比图1中所示更多或者更少的组件，或者具有与图1所示不同的配置。
存储器104可用于存储计算机程序，例如，应用软件的软件程序以及模块，如本公开实施例中的确定DOA的方法对应的计算机程序，处理器102通过运行存储在存储器104内的 计算机程序，从而执行各种功能应用以及数据处理，即实现上述的方法。存储器104可包括高速随机存储器，还可包括非易失性存储器，如一个或者多个磁性存储装置、闪存、或者其他非易失性固态存储器。在一些实例中，存储器104可进一步包括相对于处理器102远程设置的存储器，这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至移动终端。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
传输装置106用于经由一个网络接收或者发送数据。上述的网络具体实例可包括移动终端的通信供应商提供的无线网络。在一个实例中，传输装置106包括一个网络适配器(Network Interface Controller，简称为NIC)，其可通过基站与其他网络设备相连从而可与互联网进行通讯。在一个实例中，传输装置106可以为射频(Radio Frequency，简称为RF)模块，其用于通过无线方式与互联网进行通讯。
在本实施例中提供了一种确定DOA的方法，图2是根据本公开实施例的确定DOA的方法的流程图，如图2所示，该流程包括如下步骤：
步骤S202，确定目标参考信号以及与所述目标参考信号对应的码本值，并将所述码本值配置给智能反射面RIS(Reconfigurable intelligent surface，智能反射面)；
步骤S204，获取通过所述RIS将所述目标参考信号反射到接收端后，由所述接收端对所述目标参考信号进行测量后所得到的测量结果，其中，所述RIS按照所述码本值对应反射所述参考信号；
步骤S206，基于所述测量结果确定目标波达角DOA(Direction of arrival，波达角)。
其中，执行上述操作的可以是基站，或者是基站内设置的处理设备，或者是其他的具备类似处理能力的网元等等。步骤S204中的接收端可以是基站也可以是终端，其中，当上述目标参考信号是下行信号时，上述接收端为终端，即，该目标参考信号需要由基站通过RIS发送给终端；当上述目标参考信号是上行信号时，上述接收端为基站，即，该目标参考信号需要由终端通过RIS发送给基站。后续会对两种情况分别进行具体说明。
在上述实施例中，由于目标参考信号是由RIS按照基站预先配置的码本值所反射到接收端的，因此，实现了基站与RIS的信息交互，基于交互结果来调整用于反射参考信号的码本值，从而快速实现了RIS波束扫描和波束追踪，有效解决了相关技术中存在的波束扫描精度低，追踪难度大的问题，进而提高了波束扫描精度以及降低追踪难度的目的。
在一个示例性实施例中，确定所述目标参考信号对应的码本值包括：确定所述RIS和终端之间的目标波束；基于所述目标波束的位置确定所述码本值。
在一个示例性实施例中，确定所述RIS和终端之间的目标波束包括：确定所述RIS和所述终端之间的所述RIS侧能量超过预定阈值的最强波束；将所述最强波束以及与所述最强波束之间满足目标关系的波束确定为所述目标波束，其中，与所述最强波束之间满足目标关系的波束包括以下至少之一：与所述最强波束在方位相相邻的次强波束、与所述最强波束在俯仰相相邻的次强波束。在本实施例中，最强波束通常为宽波束，也可以为窄波束，在确定上述码本值时，可以进基于该最强波束来确定，当然，如果有必要，还可以基于该最强波束以及该最强波束的方位向或者俯仰向次强波束来综合确定上述码本值，其中，在确定该最强波束的方位向或者俯仰向次强波束时，可以通过同步参考信号、波束扫描或者先验信息等方法获取。
在一个示例性实施例中，确定目标参考信号包括：在一个时隙里配置预定数量的所述目 标参考信号，其中，每个所述目标参考信号占用一个正交频分复用OFDM符号；在确定目标参考信号之后，所述方法还包括：将所述目标参考信号的参数信息通知给终端以及所述RIS，其中，所述参数信息包括以下至少之一：时隙信息、OFDM符号、频域位置、母码参数。在本实施例中，基站在一个时隙里面一次性配置n个(对应于上述的预定数量)参考信号，每个参考信号占用一个OFDM符号，基站和终端需要知道参考信号的相应参数(即，上述的参数信息)，在进行上述目标参考信号的发射时(基站发射或者终端发射)，基站或者终端在规定的时隙里面，一次性在n个OFDM符号上发射配置的n个参考信号。另外，还需要说明的是，当上述目标参考信号为下行参考信号时，如果基站需要用到多个面板的信息，例如，用到m个面板的信息时，基站在一个时隙里面一次性配置mn个下行参考信号，每m个参考信号为一组且占用一个OFDM符号，每组m个参考信号对应基站的m个panel，每组m个参考信号是一个OFDM符号里面频分或者码分，基站在规定的时隙里面，一次性在n个OFDM符号上发射配置的mn个参考信号。
在一个示例性实施例中，在将所述目标参考信号的OFDM符号通知给所述RIS以及在将所述码本值配置给所述RIS之后，所述方法还包括：所述RIS在多个所述目标参考信号分布所在的OFDM符号上依次切换与每个所述目标参考信号所分别对应的码本值所指示的码本；其中，每个码本的作用时间为所述OFDM符号的起始时刻至结束时刻。在本实施例中，基站将上述n个参考信号对应的时隙及所在的n个OFDM符号位置通知RIS，同时基站还需要给RIS配置n个码本，参考信号和码本之间需要一一对应。RIS接收到基站的配置信息后，在规定的n个参考信号所在的n个OFDM符号上依次切换n个码本，每个码本的作用时间为OFDM符号的起始时刻至结束时刻。或者，基站将上述mn个参考信号对应的时隙及所在的n个OFDM符号位置通知RIS，同时基站还需要给RIS配置n个码本，参考信号所在的n个符号和码本之间需要一一对应。RIS接收到基站的配置信息后，在规定的n个参考信号所在的n个OFDM符号上依次切换n个码本，每个码本的作用时间为OFDM符号的起始时刻至结束时刻。
在一个示例性实施例中，在获取所述测量结果之前，所述方法还包括：将目标上行参考信号配置给终端，以指示所述终端发射所述目标上行参考信号，其中，所述目标参考信号包括所述目标上行参考信号；获取所述测量结果包括：对通过所述RIS反射过来的所述目标上行参考信号进行测量，得到所述测量结果。本实施例是对终端发送上行参考信号进行的说明，在本实施例中，基站在确定了上行参考信号之后，会将该上行参考信号配置给终端，进而由终端通过RIS将该上行参考信号发送给基站。
在一个示例性实施例中，在获取所述测量结果之前，所述方法还包括：向终端发送目标下行参考信号，其中，所述目标参考信号包括所述目标下行参考信号；获取所述测量结果包括：获取所述终端对通过所述RIS反射的所述目标下行参考信号进行测量后所得到并上报的所述测量结果。本实施例是对基站发送下行参考信号进行的说明，在本实施例中基站会将其所以确定的下行参考信号通过RIS发送给终端。
在一个示例性实施例中，获取所述终端上报的所述测量结果包括：获取所述终端在预定时频资源上一次性反馈的与所述目标下行参考信号包括的每一个目标下行参考信号的测量结果，其中，每个所述测量结果的反馈顺序与对应的每一个所述目标下行参考信号的发送顺序一致。
在一个示例性实施例中，确定目标参考信号以及与所述目标参考信号对应的码本值包括：基于所述目标DOA的空间维度确定所述目标参考信号的数量以及所述码本值的数量。在本实施例中，在执行不同纬度的DOA估计时，所需要配置的码本值(或称为码本)是不同的，例如，在进行一个空间维度的DOA估计时，那么一次配置的RIS码本和参考信号数目至少为2，如果配置的参数能够一次进行两个维度的DOA估计，那么一次配置的RIS码本和参考信号数目至少为3。在本实施例中，如果采用下行参考信号的模式，那么终端需要在基站规定的时频资源上一次性反馈全部参考信号的测量结果，这些测量结果可以是复数也可能是实数，且测量结果的反馈顺序和下行参考信号的发送顺序是一一对应的。
在一个示例性实施例中，当所述目标参考信号包括目标下行参考信号的情况下，基于所述目标DOA的空间维度确定所述目标参考信号的数量包括：基于所述目标DOA的空间维度以及目标面板的信息确定所述目标下行参考信号的数量。
在一个示例性实施例中，基于所述目标DOA的空间维度以及目标面板的信息确定所述目标下行参考信号的数量包括：将所述目标下行参考信号的数量确定为n×m个，其中，n为大于所述空间维度的整数，m为所述目标面板的数量；其中，每m个所述目标下行参考信号为一组且占用一个OFDM符号，每组m个目标下行靠考信号对应m个所述目标面板，每组m个参考信号在一个OFDM符号里面按照频分或者码分的方式传输。在本实施例中，当基站需要用到m个panel的信息时，如果配置的参数每次只能进行一个空间维度的DOA估计，那么一次配置的RIS码本至少为2，即n大于等于2，参考信号数目为mn；如果配置的参数能够一次进行两个维度的DOA估计，那么一次配置的RIS码本和参考信号数目至少为3，即n大于等于3，参考信号数目为mn。另外，终端需要在基站规定的时频资源上一次性反馈mn个参考信号的测量结果，这些测量结果可以是复数也可能是实数，这mn个测量结果的反馈顺序和mn个参考信号的发送顺序是一一对应的。
在一个示例性实施例中，所述方法还包括：基于所述目标DOA的空间维度选择RIS波束；将选择出的所述RIS波束指示给所述RIS。
在一个示例性实施例中，基于所述目标DOA的空间维度选择RIS波束包括：在所述空间维度为一维的情况下，选择所述空间维度上相邻的至少两个所述RIS波束；在所述空间维度为二维的情况下，选择方位相至少两个相邻波束以及俯仰相至少两个相邻波束。在本实施例中，进行一维DOA估计时，基站选择的智能反射面波束为该维度相邻的2或者3个波束(当然，也可以是更多个)；进行二维DOA估计时，基站选择的智能反射面波束应至少包含方位向两个相邻波束、俯仰向相邻两个波束(当然，也可以是更多个)。当利用到参考信号的相位信息且Doppler(多普勒)产生的相位偏移不可避免时，所需的波束数目至少需要增加1个，增加的波束为某个波束或某几个波束的重复。
在一个示例性实施例中，将选择出的所述RIS波束指示给所述RIS包括：将所述RIS波束中包括的基准波束的编号指示给所述RIS；将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS，其中，所述其他波束为所述RIS波束中包括的除所述基准波束之外的波束。
在一个示例性实施例中，将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS包括：将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的方 位相编号偏移信息以及俯仰相编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS。在本实施例中，假设基站需要向RIS指示K个波束，基站以其中一个波束作为基准波束，并将该基准波束的编号指示给智能反射面，基站同时将其余(K-1)个波束相对该基准波束的编号偏移信息指示给智能反射面。对波束进行编号，波束Beam(IDazi+IDazi，offset，IDele+IDele，offset)相对波束Beam(IDazi，IDele)在方位向偏离了IDazi，offset个波束、在俯仰维偏离了IDele，offset个波束，其中(IDazi，IDele)分别表示方位向和俯仰向编号，IDazi，offset和IDele，offset大于0或者小于0表示偏离的方向。在本实施例中，在进行DOA估计时，如果基站最多向智能反射面指示5个波束。那么基站选择一个基准波束，并将该基准波束的编号Beam(IDazi，IDele)传给了智能反射面，那么剩下4个波束只需要基站向智能反射面传输(IDazi，offset，IDele，offset)即可，这4个波束只需要用1bit信息指示方位向偏移IDazi，offset，1bit信息指示俯仰向偏移IDele，offset即可。
下面对本公开的原理进行说明：
由于RIS端不能够进行数据采集，但是可以改变RIS的码本，因此本公开中的高精度DOA估计是先通过改变RIS的码本获得波束域信息，然后在波束域实现DOA估计。具体原理如下所示：
假设基站每个面板panel的阵子数为Nbs，终端阵子数为Nue，RIS面板阵子数为Nris。RIS到基站的信道为Hris-bs，维度为Nris×Nbs。UE到RIS的信道为Hue-ris，维度为Nue×Nris。RIS的加权权值为：
BS、RIS、UE的级联信道可以表示为：
H＝Hue-risΦwHris-bs                 (2)
H的维度为Nue×Nbs。
假设BS侧赋形权值为Wbs，其维度为1×Nbs；UE侧赋形权值为wue，其维度为1×Nue。那么经过BS侧和UE侧分别赋形后的接收数据为：
其中diag()表示将对角阵拉成列向量，将列向量拉成对角阵。对于单条径的信道可以表示为
其中和分别表示UE到RIS、RIS到BS的单条径的信道；αue-ris和αris-bs表示这条径的复幅度；aue-ris和分别表示UE和RIS连接路径UE侧和RIS侧的导向矢量，是和UE与RIS连接路径的UE侧角度、RIS侧角度有关的向量；aris-bs和分别表示RIS和BS连接路径RIS侧和BS侧的导向矢量，是和RIS和BS连接路径的RIS侧角度、BS侧角度有关的向量。那么对于单条径来说，式(3)的接收数据可以表示为：
其中βue＝Wueaue-ris和为标量，分别为UE侧和BS侧赋形权值对这条径赋形后的复幅度。式(5)中，RIS码本(DOA估计)的本质是估计RIS的导向矢量而波束空间变换的权值为diag(Φw)，即为本公开中需要多次切换的RIS宽波束码本。这样本公开就将RIS对终端的覆盖增强问题转换成了波束空间的DOA估计问题。RIS对终端的DOA估计的本质是在不同的Φw下的波束空间中从多个y(Φw)中估计出更为精确的RIS码本，此时需要保持UE侧赋形权值Wue和基站侧板赋形权值Wbs不变。后续的DOA估计采用常用的基于波束空间的DOA估计方法即可，y(Φw)为波束空间的测量值。更为精确的RIS码本(从中可以获取对应的DOA)的估计可以用如下公式表示：
Φw，optimal＝f(y(Φw，1)，y(Φw，2)，...，y(Φw，K))       (6)
其中f()为波束空间中估计DOA的方法，K为波束空间中所采用的RIS码本的个数。
显然估计出来的角度对应的导向矢量和是匹配的，刚好对应RIS板入射角和反射角有关，该导向矢量可以用来作为窄波束的码本。
本公开在确定终端相对于RIS的粗略波束后，需要保持基站和终端两侧的赋形权值不变，同时切换RIS多个不同码本，覆盖终端相对于RIS的可能位置，如图3所示。
当基站利用波束空间的测量数据估计出终端相对于RIS的更为精确的码本(或DOA)后，通过信令切换RIS的码本，从而使得RIS对终端实现更为精确的波束对准、追踪和定位等，如图4所示。
本公开在波束空间进行DOA估计，需要选择多个波束，由于智能反射面的波束非常多，如果分别将每个波束的码本或者波束编号指示给智能反射面，那么信令开销很大，本公开以某个波束为基准，给出了一种开销小的信令指示方法：假设基站需要向智能反射面指示K个波束，基站以其中一个波束作为基准波束，并将该基准波束的编号指示给智能反射面，基站同时将其余(K-1)个波束相对该基准波束的编号信息指示给智能反射面。
对波束进行编号，波束Beam(IDazi+IDazi，offset，IDele+IDele，offset)相对波束Beam(IDazi，IDele)在方位向偏离了IDazi，offset个波束、在俯仰维偏离了IDele，offset个波束，其中(IDazi，IDele)分别表示方位向和俯仰向编号，IDazi，offset和IDele，offset大于0或者小于0表示偏离的方向。
如果基站选择了一个基准波束，并将该基准波束的编号Beam(IDazi，IDele)传给了智能反射面，那么剩下(K-1)个波束，只需要基站向智能反射面传输(IDazi，offset，IDele，offset)即可。例如，最多选择5个波束，即K＝5，那么除了指示基准波束的编号Beam(IDazi，IDele)，其余每个波束只需要用1bit信息指示方位向偏移IDazi，offset，1bit信息指示俯仰向偏移IDele，offset即可。K个波束的传输信息可以简写为Beam(IDazi，IDele)、(IDazi，offset_1，IDele，offset_1)、...、(IDazi，offset_K-1，IDele，offset_K-1)，或者别的排序形式。
除了上述方式外，还可以额外定义一些固定波束图样，根据基准波束和选择的波束图样确定选择的K个波束，大致可以分为如下几类：
1、进行一维方位向DOA估计
如图5所示，当只进行方位向DOA估计时，一般可以选择两个或者三个相邻不同波束。为了降低复杂度可以采用下述波束指示方式：
当采用两个波束进行方位向DOA估计时，可以只指示其中一个波束的标号，另外一个波束默认为其相邻的方位向左波束或者右波束。
当采用三个波束进行方位向DOA估计时，可以只指示其中一个波束的标号，另外两个波束的位置可以实现设定好。如另外两个波束可以实现约定为其方位向相邻左波束和右波束，也可以事先约定为其方位向相邻的左侧两个波束或者右侧两个波束。
2、进行一维俯仰向DOA估计
如图6所示，当只进行俯仰向DOA估计时，一般可以选择两个或者三个相邻不同波束。为了降低复杂度可以采用下述波束指示方式：
当采用两个波束进行俯仰向DOA估计时，可以只指示其中一个波束的标号，另外一个波束默认为其相邻的俯仰向上波束或者下波束。
当采用三个波束进行俯仰向DOA估计时，可以只指示其中一个波束的标号，另外两个波束的位置可以实现设定好。如另外两个波束可以实现约定为其俯仰向相邻上波束和下波束，也可以事先约定为其俯仰向相邻的上侧两个波束或者下侧两个波束。
3、采用三个不同波束进行二维DOA估计
当进行二维DOA估计时，最少选择三个相邻不同波束，三个波束的特征在于在方位向有两个相邻波束、在俯仰向也有两个相邻波束。其中一种波束图样如图7所示。
4、采用四个不同波束进行二维DOA估计
当进行二维DOA估计时，如果选择四个相邻不同波束，四个波束的特征在于至少在方位向有两个相邻波束、至少在俯仰向也有两个相邻波束。其中一种波束图样如图8所示。
5、采用五个不同波束进行二维DOA估计
当进行二维DOA估计时，如果选择五个相邻不同波束，五个波束的特征在于至少在方位向有两个相邻波束、至少在俯仰向也有两个相邻波束。其中一种波束图样如图9所示。
如果每次DOA估计，只估计一个维度的角度，相关配置要求如下：
当Doppler(多普勒效应)引起的不同符号上的相位偏移可以忽略或者波束域DOA估计方法没有利用相位信息时，那么至少需要配置两个不同波束，这些波束分布在一个时隙的不同符号里面，此时需要一次性配置的参考信号数目和RIS码本数目至少为2，每个符号上的1个参考信号对应1个RIS码本，RIS码本对应的波束图样为估计维度相邻的波束(如图5或者图6所示)。典型的波束数、RIS码本数、参考信号数为2或者3。参考信号发射的整个过程中保持基站和终端的波束不变。
当Doppler引起的不同符号上的相位偏移不可忽略且波束域DOA估计方法利用到相位信息时，上述配置的各个参数数目至少需要加1。配置的所有波束和RIS码本中至少有两个相同。典型的波束数、RIS码本数、参考信号数为3或者4。RIS码本对应的波束图样为估计维度相邻的波束(如图5或者图6所示)，其中1个波束需要重复1次用来进行Doppler补偿。参考信号发射的整个过程中保持基站和终端的波束不变。
需要说明的是，如果每次DOA估计的配置只能估计出一个维度的角度，那么需要再配置一次估计出另外一个维度的角度，才能获取完整的二维角度。
如果每次DOA估计，直接估计出二维的角度，相关的配置要求如下：
当Doppler引起的不同符号上的相位偏移可以忽略或者波束域DOA估计方法没有利用相位信息时，那么至少需要配置三个不同波束，这些波束分布在一个时隙的不同符号里面，此时基站需要一次性配置的参考信号数目和RIS码本数目至少为3，每个符号上的1个参考信号对应1个RIS码本，RIS码本对应的波束图样为需要在方位向和俯仰向均出现相邻的波束(如图7、图8或者图9所示)。典型的波束数、RIS码本数、参考信号数为3或者4。参考信号发射的整个过程中保持基站和终端的波束不变。
当Doppler引起的不同符号上的相位偏移不可忽略且波束域DOA估计方法利用到相位信息时，上述配置的各个参数数目至少需要加1。配置的所有波束和RIS码本中至少有两个相同。典型的波束数、RIS码本数、参信号数为4或者5。RIS码本对应的波束图样为需要在方位向和俯仰向均出现相邻的波束(如图7、图8或者图9所示)，其中1个波束需要重复1次用来进行Doppler补偿。参考信号发射的整个过程中保持基站和终端的波束不变。
以上所有每次进行DOA估计配置的参数中不同符号对应的参考信号应占据相同的RE或者至少占据相同的RB。
如果进行DOA估计采用的是下行参考信号，且希望联合使用多个panel信息(假设为n)，那么需要将每个符号上参考信号的数目增加到n倍，n个panel应该对应一个符号上频分或者码分的n个参考信号，此时参考信号数目等于所采用的符号数或RIS码本数的n倍。终端向基站反馈测量值为复数，这些反馈的复数应和panel、RIS码本一一对应。
下面结合具体实施例对本公开进行说明：
具体实施例1，该实施例针对的是终端发射上行参考信号：
当终端发射参考信号时，具体实施流程图如图10所示。包括如下步骤：
步骤1：基站确定RIS和终端之间的RIS侧能量最强的扫描波束(通常为宽波束，也可以为窄波束)，如有必要还需要确定最强波束的方位向或者俯仰向次强波束，该过程可以通过同步参考信号、波束扫描或者先验信息等方法获取。
步骤2：基站根据终端相对于RIS的最强波束、方位俯仰相邻次强波束位置确定用于DOA估计所需的RIS码本数量(即，K)和对应的RIS码本值Φw，1，Φw，2，...，Φw，K，RIS码本图样如前面所介绍的，需要在方位和俯仰向存在相邻波束，如选择三个波束，那么可以选择最强波束、方位向最强波束相邻次强波束、俯仰向最强波束相邻次强波束(当需要考虑不同符号间Doppler相位影响时，至少需要四组码本值，其中两组码本值相同，即其中一个波束需要重复一次)。基站可以将最强波束的码本标号Beam(IDazi，IDele)、最强波束的方位向相邻次强波束的相对偏移(IDazi，offset_1，0)、最强波束的俯仰向相邻次强波束的相对偏移(0，IDele，offset_2)，当选择三个波束的时候，可以省去0元素(即，偏移是0)从而降低资源开销。
步骤3：基站根据上一步所需的RIS码本数量通过信令给终端一次性配置用于DOA估计的上行参考信号，不同的参考信号应在一个时隙里面的不同符号上。
步骤4：基站通过信令给RIS配置步骤2中数目的码本值，每组码本值对应一组步骤3中上行参考信号的时域资源位置，该组码本值作用时间应能从对应参考信号开始接收直到接收结束。
步骤5：终端根据基站信令在相应的时频资源上发射多组上行参考信号，RIS根据基站信令同步的切换相应的码本值，终端在发射这些上行参考信号的过程中需要保持终端侧赋形权值不变。RIS在反射每组参考信号的时候其码本值保持不变。
步骤6：基站接收上行参考信号，在接收这些参考信号过程中基站需要保持接收波束不变，基站将接收到的上行参考信号和RIS的码本值一一对应，获取y(Φw，1)，y(Φw，2)，...，y(Φw，K)。基站根据接收的上行参考信号、RIS码本值、RIS板参数，基站在波束空间中利用DOA估计方法估计出更为精确的RIS码本或DOA。如果DOA估计过程中利用到了相位值，那么需要补齐不同时刻y(Φw，1)，y(Φw，2)，...，y(Φw，K)的初始相位差。
步骤7：基站根据上一步骤估计的DOA，切换RIS码本参数实现更为精确的波束对准、波束追踪、定位等操作。
通过该实施例，基站、RIS和终端只有若干信令交互，交互数据少。
具体实施例2，该实施例针对的是基站发射参考信号：
当基站发射参考信号时，具体实施流程图如图11所示。包括如下步骤：
步骤1：基站确定RIS和终端之间的RIS侧能量最强的扫描波束(通常为宽波束，也可以为窄波束)，如有必要还需要确定最强波束的方位向或者俯仰向次强波束，该过程可以通过 同步参考信号、波束扫描或者先验信息等方法获取。
步骤2：基站根据终端相对于RIS的最强波束、方位俯仰相邻次强波束位置确定用于DOA估计所需的RIS码本数量和对应的RIS码本值Φw，1，Φw，2，...，Φw，K，RIS码本图样如上面介绍的，需要在方位和俯仰向存在相邻波束，如选择三个波束，那么可以选择最强波束、方位向最强波束相邻次强波束、俯仰向最强波束相邻次强波束(当需要考虑不同符号间Doppler相位影响时，至少需要四组码本值，其中两组码本值相同，即其中一个波束需要重复一次，可以将最强波束重复一次)。基站可以将最强波束的码本标号Beam(IDazi，IDele)、最强波束的方位向相邻次强波束的相对偏移(IDazi，offset_1，0)、最强波束的俯仰向相邻次强波束的相对偏移(0，IDele，offset_2)，当选择三个波束的时候，可以省去0元素从而降低资源开销。
步骤3：基站根据上一步所需的RIS码本数量通过信令给终端一次性配置用于DOA估计的下行参考信号，不同的参考信号应在一个时隙里面的不同符号上。如果基站需要多个panel联合估计DOA，假设需要采用n个panel，那么需要配置的下行参考信号数目为RIS码本数的n倍，每个符号上配置n个频分或者码分的参考信号。
步骤4：基站通过信令给RIS配置步骤2中的码本值，每组码本值对应一组步骤3中1个符号上的下行参考信号资源位置，该组码本值作用时间应能从对应参考信号开始接收直到接收结束。
步骤5：基站在配置的时频资源上发射多组下行参考信号，RIS根据基站信令同步的切换相应的码本值，基站在发射这些下行参考信号的过程中需要保持基站侧的赋形权值不变。RIS在反射每组参考信号的时候其码本值保持不变。
步骤6：终端接收下行参考信号，终端在接收这些参考信号过程中需要保持接收波束不变，对下行参考信号进行测量后，将测量值反馈给基站，如反馈信道时域抽头对应的最强径或者多条径的复幅度。这些反馈值应能和RIS码本、panel一一对应，并使得基站知晓，可以提前约定反馈顺序或者采用指示值指示，终端可以但不限于通过RRC进行反馈。
步骤7：基站将终端反馈的下行参考信号测量值和每组参考信号对应的RIS码本一一对应，获取y(Φw，1)，y(Φw，2)，...，y(Φw，K)。如果基站用到n个panel联合估计DOA，那么终端反馈的信息需要扩大n倍，可以n个panel分别反馈也可以联合反馈。根据终端反馈的测量值、RIS码本值、RIS板参数等，基站在波束空间中利用DOA估计方法估计出更为精确的RIS码本或DOA。如果DOA估计过程中利用到了相位值，那么需要补齐不同时刻y(Φw，1)，y(Φw，2)，...，y(Φw，K)的初始相位差。
步骤8：基站根据上一步骤估计的DOA，切换RIS码本参数实现更为精确的波束对准、波束追踪、定位等操作。
通过该实施例，下行参考信号功率较高，可以达到较高的测角精度。
本公开涉及一种智能反射面高精度DOA估计方法，尤其涉及通讯领域智能反射面RIS 的角度估计、波束训练、波束追踪等方面。本公开通过多次改变智能反射面赋形权值实现波束域高精度角度估计，可以有效降低波束训练过程中扫描波束数目，增强接收端功率。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到根据上述实施例的方法可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件，但很多情况下前者是更佳的实施方式。基于这样的理解，本公开的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质(如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘)中，包括若干指令用以使得一台终端设备(可以是手机，计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本公开各个实施例所述的方法。
在本实施例中还提供了一种确定DOA的装置，该装置用于实现上述实施例及优选实施方式，已经进行过说明的不再赘述。如以下所使用的，术语“模块”可以实现预定功能的软件和/或硬件的组合。尽管以下实施例所描述的装置较佳地以软件来实现，但是硬件，或者软件和硬件的组合的实现也是可能并被构想的。
图12是根据本公开实施例的确定DOA的装置的结构框图，如图12所示，该装置包括：
第一确定模块122，用于确定目标参考信号以及与所述目标参考信号对应的码本值，并将所述码本值配置给智能反射面RIS；
获取模块124，用于获取通过所述RIS将所述目标参考信号反射到接收端后，由所述接收端对所述目标参考信号进行测量后所得到的测量结果，其中，所述RIS按照所述码本值对应反射所述参考信号；
第二确定模块126，用于基于所述测量结果确定目标波达角DOA。
在一个示例性实施例中，第一确定模块122用于通过如下方式确定所述目标参考信号对应的码本值：确定所述RIS和终端之间的目标波束；基于所述目标波束的位置确定所述码本值。
在一个示例性实施例中，第一确定模块122用于通过如下方式确定所述RIS和终端之间的目标波束：确定所述RIS和所述终端之间的所述RIS侧能量超过预定阈值的最强波束；将所述最强波束以及与所述最强波束之间满足目标关系的波束确定为所述目标波束，其中，与所述最强波束之间满足目标关系的波束包括以下至少之一：与所述最强波束在方位相相邻的次强波束、与所述最强波束在俯仰相相邻的次强波束。
在一个示例性实施例中，第一确定模块122用于通过如下方式确定目标参考信号：在一个时隙里配置预定数量的所述目标参考信号，其中，每个所述目标参考信号占用一个正交频分复用OFDM符号；在确定目标参考信号之后，所述方法还包括：将所述目标参考信号的参数信息通知给终端以及所述RIS，其中，所述参数信息包括以下至少之一：时隙信息、OFDM符号、频域位置、母码参数。
在一个示例性实施例中，上述RIS用于接收到基站通知的所述目标参考信号的OFDM符号以及被配置了所述码本值之后，在多个所述目标参考信号分布所在的OFDM符号上依次切换与每个所述目标参考信号所分别对应的码本值所指示的码本；其中，每个码本的作用时间为所述OFDM符号的起始时刻至结束时刻。
在一个示例性实施例中，上述装置还用于在获取所述测量结果之前，将目标上行参考信号配置给终端，以指示所述终端发射所述目标上行参考信号，其中，所述目标参考信号包括 所述目标上行参考信号；获取所述测量结果包括：对通过所述RIS反射过来的所述目标上行参考信号进行测量，得到所述测量结果。
在一个示例性实施例中，上述装置还用于在获取所述测量结果之前，向终端发送目标下行参考信号，其中，所述目标参考信号包括所述目标下行参考信号；获取所述测量结果包括：获取所述终端对通过所述RIS反射的所述目标下行参考信号进行测量后所得到并上报的所述测量结果。
在一个示例性实施例中，上述装置用于通过如下方式获取所述终端上报的所述测量结果：获取所述终端在预定时频资源上一次性反馈的与所述目标下行参考信号包括的每一个目标下行参考信号的测量结果，其中，每个所述测量结果的反馈顺序与对应的每一个所述目标下行参考信号的发送顺序一致。
在一个示例性实施例中，第一确定模块122用于通过如下方式确定目标参考信号以及与所述目标参考信号对应的码本值：基于所述目标DOA的空间维度确定所述目标参考信号的数量以及所述码本值的数量。
在一个示例性实施例中，当所述目标参考信号包括目标下行参考信号的情况下，确定模块122用于通过如下方式实现所述目标DOA的空间维度确定所述目标参考信号的数量：基于所述目标DOA的空间维度以及目标面板的信息确定所述目标下行参考信号的数量。
在一个示例性实施例中，第一确定模块122用于通过如下方式实现基于所述目标DOA的空间维度以及目标面板的信息确定所述目标下行参考信号的数量：将所述目标下行参考信号的数量确定为n×m个，其中，n为大于所述空间维度的整数，m为所述目标面板的数量；其中，每m个所述目标下行参考信号为一组且占用一个OFDM符号，每组m个目标下行靠考信号对应m个所述目标面板，每组m个参考信号在一个OFDM符号里面按照频分或者码分的方式传输。
在一个示例性实施例中，所述装置还用于：基于所述目标DOA的空间维度选择RIS波束；将选择出的所述RIS波束指示给所述RIS。
在一个示例性实施例中，所述装置用于通过如下方式实现基于所述目标DOA的空间维度选择RIS波束：在所述空间维度为一维的情况下，选择所述空间维度上相邻的至少两个所述RIS波束；在所述空间维度为二维的情况下，选择方位相至少两个相邻波束以及俯仰相至少两个相邻波束。
在一个示例性实施例中，所述装置用于通过如下方式将选择出的所述RIS波束指示给所述RIS：将所述RIS波束中包括的基准波束的编号指示给所述RIS；将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS，其中，所述其他波束为所述RIS波束中包括的除所述基准波束之外的波束。
在一个示例性实施例中，所述装置用于通过如下方式将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS：将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的方位相编号偏移信息以及俯仰相编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS。
需要说明的是，上述各个模块是可以通过软件或硬件来实现的，对于后者，可以通过以下方式实现，但不限于此：上述模块均位于同一处理器中；或者，上述各个模块以任意组合的形式分别位于不同的处理器中。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计 算机程序，其中，该计算机程序被设置为运行时执行上述任一项方法实施例中的步骤。
在一个示例性实施例中，上述计算机可读存储介质可以包括但不限于：U盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，简称为ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，简称为RAM)、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储计算机程序的介质。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种电子装置，包括存储器和处理器，该存储器中存储有计算机程序，该处理器被设置为运行计算机程序以执行上述任一项方法实施例中的步骤。
在一个示例性实施例中，上述电子装置还可以包括传输设备以及输入输出设备，其中，该传输设备和上述处理器连接，该输入输出设备和上述处理器连接。
本实施例中的具体示例可以参考上述实施例及示例性实施方式中所描述的示例，本实施例在此不再赘述。
显然，本领域的技术人员应该明白，上述的本公开的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上，它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现，从而，可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行，并且在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤，或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本公开不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种确定DOA的方法，包括：
    确定目标参考信号以及与所述目标参考信号对应的码本值，并将所述码本值配置给智能反射面RIS；
    获取通过所述RIS将所述目标参考信号反射到接收端后，由所述接收端对所述目标参考信号进行测量后所得到的测量结果，其中，所述RIS按照所述码本值对应反射所述参考信号；
    基于所述测量结果确定目标波达角DOA。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，确定所述目标参考信号对应的码本值包括：
    确定所述RIS和终端之间的目标波束；
    基于所述目标波束的位置确定所述码本值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，确定所述RIS和终端之间的目标波束包括：
    确定所述RIS和所述终端之间的所述RIS侧能量超过预定阈值的最强波束；
    将所述最强波束以及与所述最强波束之间满足目标关系的波束确定为所述目标波束，其中，与所述最强波束之间满足目标关系的波束包括以下至少之一：
    与所述最强波束在方位相相邻的次强波束、与所述最强波束在俯仰相相邻的次强波束。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
    确定目标参考信号包括：在一个时隙里配置预定数量的所述目标参考信号，其中，每个所述目标参考信号占用一个正交频分复用OFDM符号；
    在确定目标参考信号之后，所述方法还包括：将所述目标参考信号的参数信息通知给终端以及所述RIS，其中，所述参数信息包括以下至少之一：时隙信息、OFDM符号、频域位置、母码参数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，在将所述目标参考信号的OFDM符号通知给所述RIS以及在将所述码本值配置给所述RIS之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述RIS在多个所述目标参考信号分布所在的OFDM符号上依次切换与每个所述目标参考信号所分别对应的码本值所指示的码本；
    其中，每个码本的作用时间为所述OFDM符号的起始时刻至结束时刻。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
    在获取所述测量结果之前，所述方法还包括：将目标上行参考信号配置给终端，以指示所述终端发射所述目标上行参考信号，其中，所述目标参考信号包括所述目标上行参考信号；
    获取所述测量结果包括：对通过所述RIS反射过来的所述目标上行参考信号进行测量，得到所述测量结果。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，
    在获取所述测量结果之前，所述方法还包括：向终端发送目标下行参考信号，其中，所述目标参考信号包括所述目标下行参考信号；
    获取所述测量结果包括：获取所述终端对通过所述RIS反射的所述目标下行参考信号进行测量后所得到并上报的所述测量结果。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，获取所述终端上报的所述测量结果包括：
    获取所述终端在预定时频资源上一次性反馈的与所述目标下行参考信号包括的每一个目标下行参考信号的测量结果，其中，每个所述测量结果的反馈顺序与对应的每一个所述目标下行参考信号的发送顺序一致。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，确定目标参考信号以及与所述目标参考信号对应的码本值包括：
    基于所述目标DOA的空间维度确定所述目标参考信号的数量以及所述码本值的数量。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，当所述目标参考信号包括目标下行参考信号的情况下，基于所述目标DOA的空间维度确定所述目标参考信号的数量包括：
    基于所述目标DOA的空间维度以及目标面板的信息确定所述目标下行参考信号的数量。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，基于所述目标DOA的空间维度以及目标面板的信息确定所述目标下行参考信号的数量包括：
    将所述目标下行参考信号的数量确定为n×m个，其中，n为大于所述空间维度的整数，m为所述目标面板的数量；
    其中，每m个所述目标下行参考信号为一组且占用一个OFDM符号，每组m个目标下行靠考信号对应m个所述目标面板，每组m个参考信号在一个OFDM符号里面按照频分或者码分的方式传输。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述方法还包括：
    基于所述目标DOA的空间维度选择RIS波束；
    将选择出的所述RIS波束指示给所述RIS。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，基于所述目标DOA的空间维度选择RIS波束包括：
    在所述空间维度为一维的情况下，选择所述空间维度上相邻的至少两个所述RIS波束；
    在所述空间维度为二维的情况下，选择方位相至少两个相邻波束以及俯仰相至少两个相邻波束。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，将选择出的所述RIS波束指示给所述RIS包括：
    将所述RIS波束中包括的基准波束的编号指示给所述RIS；
    将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS，其中，所述其他波束为所述RIS波束中包括的除所述基准波束之外的波束。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS包括：
    将所述RIS波束中包括的其他波束相对于所述基准波束的方位相编号偏移信息以及俯仰相编号偏移信息指示给所述RIS。
  16. 一种确定DOA的装置，包括：
    确定模块，用于确定目标参考信号以及与所述目标参考信号对应的码本值，并将所述码本值配置给智能反射面RIS；
    获取模块，用于获取通过所述RIS将所述目标参考信号反射到接收端后，由所述接收端对所述目标参考信号进行测量后所得到的测量结果，其中，所述RIS按照所述码本值对应反射所述参考信号；
    确定模块，用于基于所述测量结果确定目标波达角DOA。
  17. 一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现所述权利要求1至15任一项中所述的方法的步骤。
  18. 一种电子装置，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其中，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现所述权利要求1至15任一项中所述的方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2023/088739 2022-04-25 2023-04-17 确定doa的方法、装置、存储介质及电子装置 WO2023207659A1 (zh)

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