WO2023206754A1

WO2023206754A1 - Beam alignment method and apparatus, base station and computer readable storage medium

Info

Publication number: WO2023206754A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/100149
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陈智; 李玲香; 陈文荣
Original assignee: 四川太赫兹通信有限公司
Priority date: 2022-04-27
Filing date: 2022-06-21
Publication date: 2023-11-02
Also published as: CN114553284B; CN114553284A

Abstract

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a beam alignment method and apparatus, a base station and a computer readable storage medium, relating to the technical field of wireless communications. The method comprises: a first base station acquiring an optimal beam allocation ratio at a current moment; generating a first beam at the current moment according to the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment, the first beam being used for sensing an environment at the current moment by means of an allocated sensing resource, and being also used for communicating with a user device by means of an allocated communication resource; transmitting the first beam to the user device in a set period, and detecting whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user device by means of the first beam; and, if the first base station does not detect the obstacle by means of the first beam, communicates with the user device via the first beam, and receives a first beam alignment notification transmitted by the user device, determining completion of beam alignment. By means of the method, the problem of beam misalignment in millimeter wave and terahertz communication methods can be relieved.

Description

Beam alignment method, device, base station and computer-readable storage medium

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a beam alignment method, device, base station and computer-readable storage medium.

Background technique

With the development of wireless communication technology, millimeter Wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) frequency band communications have become an important and promising technology. Since signals in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands have both high-speed data transmission capabilities and high-precision sensing capabilities, and the communication function modules and sensing function modules in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands can be integrated on hardware, therefore, using millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands can Terahertz frequency band communication can reduce the transmission delay between the communication module and the sensing module while realizing Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology.

However, when communicating using millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band signals, there is a problem of beam misalignment. The improvement of beam misalignment in the existing technology mainly focuses on the signal processing perspective. For example, in patent CN112751596A, the base station sends multiple beams to the user equipment. The user equipment receives the multiple beams and selects the beam with the best communication quality, and notifies the base station to communicate with the beam with the best communication quality. In this prior art, if the multiple beams sent by the base station to the user equipment are all misaligned, then the user equipment cannot return the beam to the base station, the beam alignment cannot be completed, and the base station will not be able to communicate with the user equipment.

Therefore, the existing technology still cannot completely solve the problem of beam misalignment affecting communication quality.

Contents of the invention

The inventor of the present application has discovered through long-term practice that due to the short wavelength of signals in the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, they are easily blocked by obstacles during the transmission process, or when the user equipment is in a mobile state, the user equipment moves too fast, causing the user equipment to malfunction. The inability to accept the signal at the next moment causes the beam state of millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band signals to change from beam alignment to beam misalignment. Therefore, this application proposes a beam alignment method, device, base station and computer-readable storage medium, which assists beam alignment between the base station and user equipment from a system perspective through sensing information. Specifically, it senses whether there are obstacles between the base station and the user equipment by sensing signals, senses whether there are obstacles near the user equipment, senses the user's moving speed, senses whether there are obstacles in the moving path, and develops beams based on the sensing results. Alignment strategies, such as switching to another base station to perform a beam alignment strategy with the user equipment when there are obstacles, sending additional beams when the user equipment moves too fast, etc. This can effectively solve the problems of beams existing in millimeter wave and terahertz communication methods. Inaccuracy problem.

In the first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a beam alignment method. The method includes: S110. The first base station obtains network parameters, sensing resource grid parameters and random geometric models at the current moment, wherein the network at the current moment The parameters include center frequency f _c , symbol length T _s , subcarrier spacing f _scs , network node density λ _B of the first base station, network node density λ _M of the user equipment, and network node density λ of the obstacle. _S , the number of beams of the first base station n _b , the number of beams of the user equipment n _m , the density of beam switching points μ _g , and

The sensing resource grid parameter N _re is the number of total resource grids occupied by sensing resources, and the random geometric model is a function of the beam misalignment probability and the beam allocation ratio α

Among them, x ₁ =μ _g v _max t, x ₂ =μxv _min t,

t is the set period, c is the speed of light, v _max is the maximum possible user speed preset by the first base station, v _min is the minimum possible user speed preset by the first base station,

ω ₁ =(λ _M +λ _S )*2r _B , r _B is the radius of the network node,

erfc(x) is the complementary error function, and

And the first base station obtains the current time based on the network parameters, sensing resource grid parameters and random geometric model at the current time.

The minimum beam allocation ratio α is used as the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The optimal beam allocation ratio is used to allocate the sensing resources and communication resources of the beam when the beam misalignment probability is minimum. The beam misalignment probability is is the probability that the beam emitted by the first base station cannot be aligned with the user equipment; S120. Generate the first beam at the current time according to the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current time, and the first beam is used for the sensing resources obtained through allocation Perceive the environment at the current moment, and also communicate with the user equipment through the allocated communication resources; S130. Send the first beam to the user equipment at a set period, and detect the first beam through the first beam. Whether there is an obstacle between a base station and the user equipment; S140. If the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam, and the first base station communicates with the user equipment through the first beam, The user equipment communicates and receives the first beam alignment notification sent by the user equipment, then the beam alignment is completed.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application also provide a beam alignment device, which includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment in step S110 described in claim 1. The optimal beam allocation ratio is used to allocate the sensing resources and communication resources of the beam under the minimum beam misalignment probability, which is the probability that the beam emitted by the first base station cannot be aligned with the user equipment; the beam generation unit, Used to generate the first beam at the current moment according to the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment, the first beam is used to sense the environment at the current moment through the allocated sensing resources, and is also used to use the allocated communication resources to communicate with the The user equipment communicates; a first sending unit is used to send the first beam to the user equipment; a judgment unit is used to detect whether there is a connection between the first base station and the user equipment through the first beam Obstacle; processing unit, configured to: if the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam, and the first base station communicates with the user equipment through the first beam, and receives Upon receiving the first beam alignment notification sent by the user equipment, the beam alignment is completed.

In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a base station, including: one or more processors; a memory; and one or more application programs, wherein the one or more application programs are stored in the memory and Configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs are configured to perform the above method.

In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores program code, and the program code can be called by a processor to execute the above method.

To sum up, this application has at least the following technical effects:

1. This application obtains the optimal beam allocation ratio and generates the first beam based on the optimal beam allocation ratio, so that the first beam can achieve better sensing functions and communication functions at the same time, thereby providing prerequisites for beam alignment.

2. This application detects whether there are obstacles during the communication process between the first base station and the user equipment by sending the first beam generated according to the optimal beam allocation ratio to the user equipment. When no obstacles are detected, the application receives the first beam sent by the user equipment. A beam alignment notification to achieve the effect of beam alignment.

3. This application achieves the effect of beam alignment by performing inter-cell beam switching when an obstacle is detected to avoid communication being blocked by obstacles.

4. This application performs intra-cell beam switching when no obstacle is detected but the speed of the user equipment is too fast to prevent the user equipment from being too fast to receive the first beam at the next moment and achieve beam alignment. Effect.

5. This application improves the accuracy of the sensing function by increasing the sensing resource grid parameters so that the first beam obtains more sensing resources when no obstacles are detected or the user speed is too fast, thereby achieving the goal of Alignment effect.

Therefore, the solution provided by this application can alleviate the beam misalignment problem existing in millimeter wave and terahertz communication methods.

Description of the drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 shows a schematic flow chart of the beam alignment method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 2 shows another schematic flowchart of the beam alignment method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 3 shows another schematic flowchart of the beam alignment method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of generating a first beam provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of inter-cell beam switching provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of intra-cell beam switching provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 7 shows the relationship between the beam misalignment probability and the number of wave numbers provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 8 shows the relationship between the beam misalignment probability and the time-frequency resource allocation ratio provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 9 shows the relationship between the beam misalignment probability and the first beam occupied bandwidth provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;

Figure 10 shows a block diagram of a beam alignment device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;

Figure 11 shows a block diagram of a base station for performing the beam alignment method according to the embodiment of the present application provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application;

Figure 12 is a storage unit provided by Embodiment 4 of the present application for storing or carrying the program code for implementing the beam alignment method of the embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those in the technical field to better understand the solutions of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only These are part of the embodiments of this application, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Below, the technical terms involved in this application are first introduced.

A base station is used for mobile communications and is a form of radio station. Specifically, a base station refers to a radio transceiver station that transmits information with user terminals through a mobile communications switching center in a certain radio coverage area. The signal coverage of each base station constitutes a cell. There can be multiple base stations in this application, and each base station can be randomly distributed. Therefore, the communication scenario in this application can be a network scenario composed of multiple randomly distributed base stations.

Terahertz refers to electromagnetic waves with frequencies from 0.1THz to 10THz. Specifically, the frequency of terahertz is the frequency between the high-frequency edge (300GHz) of the millimeter-wave band of electromagnetic radiation and the low-frequency edge of the far-infrared spectrum band (3000GHz). The corresponding wavelength of radiation in this frequency band range is 0.03 mm to 3mm.

Millimeter wave refers to electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 26.5GHz to 300GHz, and the corresponding wavelength range is 1mm to 10mm. It is located in the overlapping wavelength range of microwaves and far-infrared waves, so it has the characteristics of both spectrums. Millimeter waves are microwave bands extending to high frequencies, while the terahertz wave spectrum is between microwaves and far-infrared light. The low-wavelength band is adjacent to millimeter waves, and the high-wavelength band is adjacent to infrared light.

Communication sensing integration technology refers to a new information processing technology that simultaneously realizes sensing functions and communication functions based on software and hardware resource sharing or information sharing, which can effectively improve system spectrum efficiency, hardware efficiency, and information processing efficiency. Among them, the perception function is mainly realized by analyzing the direct, reflected, and scattered signals of radio waves to obtain information about the target object or the environment. Specifically, the position, distance, and speed of the target object can be obtained, and the environment can also be obtained. image. In communication sensing integration technology, communication systems can use the same spectrum and even reuse hardware or signal processing modules to complete different types of sensing functions. The sensing results can be used to assist communication access or management and improve communication quality.

At present, on the one hand, when using millimeter waves and terahertz for communication, due to the large signal strength attenuation of terahertz and millimeter waves, the coverage of millimeter wave and terahertz communication networks is smaller. User equipment is using millimeter waves and terahertz. Frequent beam switching is required in terahertz communication networks. Moreover, due to the short wavelengths of terahertz and millimeter waves, they are easily blocked by obstacles during signal transmission, causing interruption of communication lines, making it impossible to complete beam switching, resulting in millimeter waves and millimeter waves. The beam state of the terahertz band signal changes from beam alignment to beam misalignment. On the other hand, when the user equipment is in a mobile state, the beam switching cannot be completed because the user moves too fast, causing beam misalignment.

Therefore, in order to solve the above defects, embodiments of the present application provide a beam alignment method. The method includes: the first base station obtains the network parameters at the current moment, the sensing resource grid parameters and the random geometric model. The random geometric model is the The function of beam misalignment probability and beam allocation ratio α

The minimum beam allocation ratio α is used as the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The optimal beam allocation ratio is used to allocate the sensing resources and communication resources of the beam to minimize the probability of beam misalignment; the first base station determines the beam allocation ratio according to the beam. The optimal allocation ratio generates the first beam at the current moment. The first beam is used to sense the environment at the current moment, such as the location, speed, obstacles, etc. of the user equipment. The first beam is also used to communicate with the user equipment, such as receiving the A beam alignment notification; the first base station sends the first beam generated at each cycle time to the user equipment at a set period, and detects whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment through the first beam; if the first base station If no obstacle is detected, the first beam communicates successfully with the user equipment, and the first base station receives the first beam alignment notification sent by the user, the beam alignment is completed.

By sending the first beam generated according to the optimal beam allocation ratio to the user equipment, it detects whether there are obstacles during the communication process between the first base station and the user equipment, and performs inter-cell beam switching when obstacles are detected to avoid communication being blocked by obstacles. , thereby completing beam alignment and alleviating the beam misalignment problem existing in millimeter wave and terahertz communication methods. The beam alignment method involved in this application is introduced below.

Example 1

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic flowchart of a beam alignment method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application. In this embodiment, the beam used by the first base station is terahertz and/or millimeter wave, and the beam alignment method may include the following steps:

Step S110: The first base station obtains the network parameters, sensing resource grid parameters and random geometric model at the current moment, wherein the network parameters at the current moment include the center frequency f _c , symbol length T _s , and subcarrier spacing f _scs . The network node density of the first base station λ _B , the network node density of the user equipment λ _M , the network node density of the obstacle λ _S , the number of beams of the first base station n _b , the beams of the user equipment number n _m , beam switching point density μ _g , and

Among them, x ₁ =μ _g v _max t, x ₂ =μ _g v _min t,

t is the set period, c is the speed of light, v _max is the maximum possible user speed preset by the first base station, v _min is the minimum possible user speed preset by the first base station, ω ₁ = ( λ _M +λ _S )*2r _B , r _B is the radius of the network node,

erfc(x) is the complementary error function, and

The minimum beam allocation ratio α is used as the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The optimal beam allocation ratio is used to allocate the sensing resources and communication resources of the beam when the beam misalignment probability is minimum. The beam misalignment probability is is the probability that the beam emitted by the first base station cannot be aligned with the user equipment.

Among them, communication resources refer to resources in radio waves that can be used to implement communication functions. Sensing resources refer to resources in radio waves that can be used to implement sensing functions, such as direct, reflected, and scattered signals of radio waves.

Specifically, this application uses communication and sensing integration technology to use terahertz and/or millimeter wave signals to simultaneously realize sensing functions and communication functions for beam alignment. In terahertz and/or millimeter wave signals, if too many signal resources are allocated to the communication function, it may affect the sensing function of the signal, leading to inaccurate obstacle detection or user speed detection, affecting beam switching. If allocated to sensing If there are too many functional signal resources, the communication function of the signal may be affected, which may cause the total network throughput to decrease and affect the communication between the base station and user equipment.

In the embodiment of this application, the beam sent by the first base station not only needs to detect the communication environment through the sensing function to ensure that the beam can be aligned, but also needs to contact the user equipment through the communication function to ensure that the user equipment can receive the beam alignment of the base station. announcement of. Therefore, the first base station obtains the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The optimal beam allocation ratio means that when the probability of beam misalignment is minimal, that is, the beam sent by the first base station can simultaneously achieve optimal communication functions and In the case of sensing function, the allocation ratio of beam communication resources and sensing resources.

In this embodiment of the present application, the first base station can continuously send beams at different times in a scanning manner. Since the network status within the coverage area of the base station may be different at different times, the optimal beam allocation ratio obtained by the base station at different times may also be different. .

Among them, the network parameters at the current moment include frame structure related parameters, such as center frequency f _c , symbol length T _s , subcarrier spacing f _scs , and also include the density of nodes in the network, such as the network node density λ _B of the first base station. , the network node density of user equipment λ _M , the network node density of obstacles λ _S , and the number of beams used by communication nodes, such as the number of beams used by the first base station n _b , the number of beams used by user equipment n _m .

The different types of nodes considered in this application are independently and randomly distributed in the network and obey the Poisson point process distribution.

According to the random distribution characteristics of the network, the distribution of inter-cell beam switching and intra-cell beam switching points in the network satisfies the exponential distribution. According to the extracted base station density and the number of beams used by the base station, the beam switching point density μ _g can be calculated using the following formula :

The sensing resource grid parameter N _re is the number of total resource grids occupied by sensing resources, and the sensing resource grid parameter N _re is a value preset by the first base station.

The speed resolution that can be achieved by the first beam sensing resource at the current moment

c is the speed of light, T _SSB is the duration of the first beam.

The distance resolution that can be achieved by the first beam communication resource at the current moment

Under the density of network nodes and obstacles at the current moment, the probability that the direct path transmission of terahertz and/or millimeter wave signals is not blocked by obstacles can be modeled as a function related to the transmission distance r

The probability density function according to the signal transmission distance r:

The average probability that the direct path transmission of the signal is not blocked is:

Among them, ω ₁ =(λ _M +λ _S )*2r _B , r _B is the radius of the network node,

erfc(x) is the complementary error function, and:

When there are too few sensing resources resulting in insufficient speed resolution and distance resolution, the first base station may underestimate the speed of the user equipment, resulting in beam misalignment. Therefore, the beam misalignment probability caused by insufficient velocity resolution and range resolution is modeled as the following event:

Where, d _b is the coverage range of a single beam, t is the setting period, v _max is the maximum possible user speed preset by the first base station, and v _min is the minimum possible user speed preset by the first base station. .

By substituting the average probability E[P _UB ], the velocity resolution Δv, and the distance resolution Δd _b of the signal's direct path transmission into the beam misalignment probability modeling, the random geometric model can be obtained as the beam misalignment probability and beam allocation ratio function of α

in:

Among them, x ₁ =μ _g v _max t, x ₂ =μ _g v _min t,

In the embodiment of the present application, the optimal beam allocation ratio α _opt refers to the beam allocation ratio corresponding to the minimum beam misalignment probability. Beam misalignment probability function

Derive with respect to the beam allocation ratio α,

When, α=α _opt . exist

, only the defined variable x ₃ is related to the beam allocation ratio α,

When the derivative is 0, the following expression can be obtained:

According to this expression, the optimal beam allocation ratio can be obtained:

As shown in Figure 3, in the exemplary embodiment, step S101 and step S102 may also be included before step S110.

Step S101: The first base station sends a detection beam in a beam scanning manner, and the detection beam is used to communicate with terminal equipment within the coverage of the first base station.

Step S102: The first base station receives the user connection notification sent by the terminal equipment within the coverage of the first base station, and confirms that the terminal equipment is the user equipment.

In this embodiment of the present application, before the first base station confirms the user equipment, the first base station sends a detection beam to its coverage area in a beam scanning manner. The detection beam is terahertz and/or millimeter wave, which can be used to communicate with terminal equipment that may need to communicate within the coverage area of the first base station, and can also be used to sense obstacles existing within the coverage area of the first base station. and detecting the speed of movement of the user equipment, the direction of movement of the user equipment, and the location of the user equipment.

If there is a terminal device that needs to communicate with the first base station, the terminal device receives the detection beam and sends a user connection notification to the first base station. After receiving the user connection notification, the first base station can confirm that the terminal equipment is the user equipment that needs to communicate, and perform beam alignment with the user equipment.

Step S120: Generate the first beam at the current time according to the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current time. The first beam is used to sense the environment at the current time through the allocated sensing resources, and is also used to interact with the allocated communication resources through the allocated sensing resources. communicate with the user equipment described above.

In this embodiment of the present application, the first beam may be a synchronization signal block (Synchronization Signal Block, SSB).

In this embodiment of the present application, the first beam is used to sense the environment at the current moment through the allocated sensing resources. It may mean that the first beam is used to detect obstacles within the signal coverage of the first base station and the user equipment through the sensing resources. speed, path and other environments.

In the embodiment of the present application, the first beam is also used to communicate with the user equipment through the allocated communication resources. It may mean that the user equipment can receive the base station beam alignment notification sent by the base station through the first beam.

In this embodiment of the present application, the first base station can continuously send the first beam at different times in a scanning manner. Since the optimal beam allocation ratio obtained by the base station at different times may be different, the first beam generated by the base station at different times may also be different. different.

As shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment of the present application, the first beams pointing in different directions may be sent in a scanning manner and transmitted in a time-frequency multiplexing manner. A group of first beams covering all directions constitutes a first beam burst set, which is transmitted with a set period t. In the time domain, the number of symbols occupied by a first beam is N _S = N _re α _opt , that is, the duration of the first beam T _SSB = T _S N _S ; in the frequency domain, the number of symbols occupied by a first beam is The number of carriers is

That is, the occupied bandwidth of the first beam is B _SSB =f _scs N _f .

Step S130: Send the first beam to the user equipment at a set period, and detect whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment through the first beam.

As an optional implementation manner, to detect whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment through the first beam, the first base station may collect the echo returned by the first beam, and determine the relationship between the first base station and the user equipment by analyzing the echo. Are there any obstacles between the devices? Specifically, the first base station continues to send the first beam to its coverage area. The first base station can detect the user equipment moving speed, user equipment moving direction and user equipment location at the previous moment through the detection beam or the first beam sent at the previous moment. , and can estimate the subsequent position of the user equipment; within a period when the first base station sends the first beam in a scanning form, the first beam can be sent to all areas within the coverage of the first base station. If the first base station receives the The echo returned by a beam marks at least one location where the echo is generated within the coverage area of the first base station as at least one obstacle location. As an optional implementation manner, the at least one obstacle location includes the location of other terminal devices that have not sent user connection notifications to the first base station, excluding the location of the terminal device confirmed as the user equipment in step S102.

In an exemplary embodiment, step S130 may further include sub-step S131.

Sub-step S131: Send the first beam to the user equipment at a set period, and use the first beam to detect whether there is the obstacle near the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment.

As an optional implementation manner, the first base station can detect the user equipment moving speed, the user equipment moving direction and the user equipment location at the previous moment through the detection beam or the first beam sent at the previous moment, and can estimate the user equipment's subsequent location, thereby obtaining the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment.

As an optional implementation manner, detecting whether the obstacle exists near the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment may be: the first base station sends a first beam near the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment, and collects By analyzing the echo returned by the first beam, it is determined whether there are obstacles near the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment.

In an exemplary embodiment, step S130 may further include sub-step S132.

Sub-step S132: Detect the moving speed and moving path of the user equipment through the first beam, and detect that when the user equipment moves according to the moving speed and the moving path, the first base station and Whether there are obstacles between the user equipments.

In this embodiment of the present application, the user equipment may be in a stationary state or in a moving state.

As an optional implementation manner, when the user equipment is in a mobile state, the first base station continues to send the first beam to its coverage area, and the first base station can detect the moving speed of the user equipment at the previous moment through the first beam sent at the previous moment. , the moving direction of the user equipment and the location of the user equipment, and can estimate the subsequent moving speed and moving path of the user equipment.

As an optional implementation, detecting whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment while the user equipment is moving according to the movement speed and movement path may be: the first base station sends a message to the movement path range of the user equipment. The first beam is collected, and the echo returned by the first beam is collected, and by analyzing the echo, it is determined whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment when the user equipment moves according to the moving speed and moving path.

Step S140: If the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam, and the first base station communicates with the user equipment through the first beam, and receives the If the first beam alignment notification is sent, the beam alignment is completed.

In the embodiment of the present application, if there are no obstacles between the first base station and the user equipment, the communication line will not be interrupted due to the short wavelength of the terahertz and/or millimeter wave signals. At the same time, at the first base station When there are no obstacles in the communication line with the user equipment, the user equipment can receive the base station beam alignment notification sent by the base station through the first beam, and then the user equipment sends the first beam alignment notification to the base station, allowing the first base station to confirm The beam alignment is completed, and subsequent communication is performed with the user equipment through the communication beam, where the communication beam may be a signal mainly used for communication sent by the base station to the user in a straight line.

As shown in Figure 2, in the exemplary embodiment, step S140 may also include sub-step S141.

Sub-step S141: If the obstacle is detected near the communication line, the first base station sends an inter-cell beam switching instruction to the user equipment and the second base station, and the second base station performs the communication with the user equipment. Beam alignment.

In the embodiment of the present application, if there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment, the communication line will be interrupted due to the short wavelength of the terahertz and/or millimeter wave signals, so inter-cell beam switching is required. Ensure normal communication.

Wherein, the coverage area of the second base station may overlap with the coverage area of the first base station, and the user equipment is within the coverage area of the second base station.

As an optional implementation, as shown in Figure 5, when the first base station detects that there is an obstacle near the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment, and the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment has not been blocked by the nearby When blocked by obstacles, the first base station first sends an inter-cell beam switching instruction to the user equipment, and then sends an inter-cell beam switching instruction to the second base station. The second base station sends an additional second beam after receiving the inter-cell beam switching instruction, where, The inter-cell beam switching instruction is used to perform beam switching between the first base station signal cell and the second base station signal cell. The second beam is terahertz and/or millimeter wave, which can be used to sense the current moment through the allocated sensing resources. The environment can also be used to communicate with user equipment through allocated communication resources.

As an optional implementation, the first base station may send information such as the user equipment's location, moving speed, moving path, and the location of obstacles to the second base station.

In this embodiment, for the step of performing beam alignment with the user equipment by the second base station, please refer to the contents of step S110, step S120, step S130 and step S140 in the previous embodiment, which will not be described again here.

As shown in Figure 2, in the exemplary embodiment, step S140 may also include sub-step S142.

Sub-step S142: If the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is greater than the communication limit of the first base station, then the first base station Immediately add the first beam, the communication limit

Where, E[d _b ] is the average beam coverage, and

In the embodiment of this application, although there are no obstacles between the first base station and the user equipment, if the user equipment moves too fast, the following problems may exist: before the first beam reaches the user equipment at the next moment, the user The device has left the coverage of the first base station, and the first base station is unable to sense and communicate with the user equipment through the first beam, and thus cannot perform beam switching in time to maintain the stability of the communication link between the first base station and the user equipment, This causes the signal between the first base station and the user equipment to change from beam alignment to beam misalignment.

Therefore, as an optional implementation, as shown in FIG. 6 , the first base station uses the first beam sent by periodic scanning to continuously track the user and detect obstacles. When detecting that the moving speed of the user equipment is greater than the communication limit, the first base station sends an intra-cell beam switching instruction to the user equipment, where the intra-cell beam switching instruction is used to perform beam switching within the first base station's signal cell. After that, the first base station The base station immediately adds the first beam to facilitate detection of the user equipment's speed, obstacle location and other information, and estimates the optimal beam allocation ratio for subsequent communications to assist the user equipment in beam switching.

As shown in Figure 3, in the exemplary embodiment, step S140 may also include sub-step S143 and sub-step S144.

Sub-step S143: If the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam, and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is not greater than the communication limit of the first base station, and the first base station If the base station does not receive the first beam alignment notification sent by the user equipment, it re-obtains the network parameters at the current moment and increases the sensing resource grid parameters.

Sub-step S144: Re-acquire the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment according to the re-acquired network parameters, the random geometric model, and the increased sensing resource grid parameters.

In this embodiment of the present application, if the first base station does not detect an obstacle and the moving speed of the user equipment is not greater than the communication limit, but the first base station does not receive the first beam alignment notification, it may be the sensing resource of the first beam. Too little and the perception function is insufficient.

As an optional implementation manner, increasing the sensing resource grid parameter can increase the resources allocated by the first beam to the sensing function.

In this embodiment, for the step of reacquiring the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment, please refer to the contents of step S111 and step S112 in the previous embodiment, and will not be described again here.

As shown in Figure 7, Figure 7 shows the experimental results of the relationship between the beam misalignment probability p _m and the number of base station beams n _b . Specifically, Figure 7 shows the experiment without using the method of the present application in a high-speed scenario. Relationship curve 710, experimental relationship curve 740 using the method of the present application, and simulation relationship curve 760 using the method of the present application. As an optional implementation manner, the high-speed scenario refers to a situation where the user equipment moves faster and the user equipment density is smaller. scene; Figure 7 also shows: in the urban scene, the experimental relationship curve 720 without using the method of the present application, the experimental relationship curve 730 using the method of the present application, and the simulation relationship curve 750 using the method of the present application, wherein, as a In an optional implementation, the urban scene refers to a scene where user equipment moves slowly and the density of user equipment is high. In a high-speed scenario, the experimental relationship curve 740 using the method of the present application and the simulation relationship curve 760 are highly coincident, and in the urban scenario, the experimental relationship curve 730 of the method of the present application is highly coincident with the simulation relationship curve 750. This illustrates the experiment provided in Figure 7 The results are more accurate.

It can be seen from Figure 7 that using the method of this application for beam alignment can reduce the beam misalignment probability by 77.8% in high-speed scenarios and by 63.5% in urban scenarios. Therefore, under the condition that the same beam switching stability requirements are met, that is, the same beam alignment probability is met, using the beam alignment method provided by this application, the base station can send out more beams, thereby achieving greater communication Coverage.

It can also be seen from Figure 7 that as the number of beams emitted by the base station increases, the misalignment probability of the beams emitted without using the method of this application increases rapidly, and its beam alignment performance deteriorates rapidly, while the misalignment of the beams emitted using the method of this application The quasi-probability only increases slightly, and its beam alignment performance is still good. Therefore, the beam alignment method provided by this application can alleviate the beam misalignment problem caused by the increase in beams emitted by the base station.

As shown in Figure 8, Figure 8 shows the experimental results of the relationship between the beam misalignment probability p _m and the beam allocation ratio α. Specifically, Figure 8 shows: the experimental relationship curve in a high-speed scenario without using the method of the present application. 810. Experimental relationship curve 850 when the method of the present application is used and N _re is 4000. Simulation relationship curve 880 when the method of the present application is used and N _re is 4000. As an optional implementation, the high-speed scenario refers to the user equipment Scenarios with fast movement speed and low user equipment density; Figure 8 also shows: in urban scenarios, the experimental relationship curve 820 without using the method of the present application, and the experimental relationship curve 830 when the method of the present application is used and N _re is 2000 , the simulation relationship curve 860 when the application method is used and N _re is 2000, the experimental relationship curve 840 when the application method is used and N _re is 4000, the simulation relationship curve 870 when the application method is used and N _re is 4000, where , as an optional implementation method, the urban scene refers to a scene where user equipment moves slowly and the density of user equipment is high. In a high-speed scenario, the experimental relationship curve 850 and the simulation relationship curve 880 when the application method is used and N _re is 4000 are highly overlapped, and in the urban scenario, the experimental relationship curve 830 and the simulation relationship curve 830 are used when the application method is used and N _re is 2000. The relationship curve 860 is highly coincident. The experimental relationship curve 840 and the simulation relationship curve 870 when the method of the present application is used and N _re is 4000 are highly coincident, indicating that the experimental results provided in Figure 8 are more accurate.

As can be seen from Figure 8, using the method of this application for beam alignment, for scenarios with different user equipment moving speeds and different user equipment densities, the optimal time-frequency allocation ratio remains unchanged. Therefore, the beam alignment provided by this application The method is suitable for networks with highly dynamic random access characteristics and can provide stable and consistent beam performance in scenarios with changing node density and speed.

As shown in Figure 9, Figure 9 shows the experimental results of the relationship between the beam misalignment probability p _m and the first beam occupied bandwidth B _SSB . Specifically, Figure 9 shows: when the number of wave numbers n _b is 64, there is no Experimental relationship curve 910 using the method of the present application, experimental relationship curve 930 using the method of the present application, simulation relationship curve 950 using the method of the present application; Figure 9 also shows: when the number of wave numbers n _b is 32, the application is not used The experimental relationship curve 920 of the method, the experimental relationship curve 940 using the method of the present application, and the simulation relationship curve 960 of using the method of the present application. When the number of wave numbers n _b is 64, the experimental relationship curve 930 using the method of the present application and the simulation relationship curve 950 are highly coincident. Moreover, when the number of wave numbers n _b is 32, the experimental relationship curve 940 and the simulation relationship curve using the method of the present application are highly coincident. 960 are highly coincident, indicating that the experimental results provided in Figure 9 are more accurate.

It can be seen from Figure 9 that when the duration of the first beam is fixed, the probability of beam misalignment can still be significantly reduced only by adjusting the occupied bandwidth of the first beam to compensate for the impact of insufficient duration of the first beam on beam alignment. Influence. Therefore, the beam alignment method provided by this application has good flexibility, and significant performance gains can be obtained only by adjusting the bandwidth of the first beam.

This embodiment provides a beam alignment method that generates a first beam based on the optimal beam allocation ratio, so that the first beam can achieve better sensing functions and communication functions at the same time, thereby providing prerequisites for beam alignment. The method also detects whether there are obstacles during the communication process between the first base station and the user equipment by sending the first beam generated according to the optimal beam allocation ratio to the user equipment, and when no obstacles are detected, receives the first beam sent by the user equipment. Beam alignment notification to achieve beam alignment effect. This method can also perform inter-cell beam switching when obstacles are detected to avoid communication being blocked by obstacles. This method can also perform intra-cell beam switching when no obstacle is detected but the speed of the user equipment is too fast to prevent the user equipment from being too fast to receive the first beam at the next moment. This method can also increase the sensing resource grid parameters so that the first beam can obtain more sensing resources and improve the accuracy of the sensing function when no obstacles are detected or the user speed is too fast, thereby achieving beam pairing. Accurate effect, alleviating the beam misalignment problem existing in millimeter wave and terahertz communication methods.

Example 2

Please refer to FIG. 10 , which is a structural block diagram of a beam alignment device 1000 provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application. The device may include: an acquisition unit 1010, a beam forming unit 1020, a first sending unit 1030, a judging unit 1040 and a processing unit 1050.

The acquisition unit 1010 is configured to obtain the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment in step S110 in Embodiment 1. The optimal beam allocation ratio is used to allocate the sensing resources and communication resources of the beam when the probability of beam misalignment is minimal, The beam misalignment probability is the probability that the beam emitted by the first base station cannot be aligned with the user equipment.

The beam generating unit 1020 is configured to generate the first beam at the current moment according to the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The first beam is used to sense the environment at the current moment through the allocated sensing resources, and is also used to sense the environment at the current moment through the allocated sensing resources. The communication resource communicates with the user equipment.

The first sending unit 1030 is configured to send the first beam to the user equipment.

The determination unit 1040 is configured to detect whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment through the first beam.

Processing unit 1050, configured to: if the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam, and the first base station communicates with the user equipment through the first beam, and receives the If the user equipment sends the first beam alignment notification, the beam alignment is completed.

As an optional implementation, the beam alignment device 1000 further includes a second sending unit and a receiving unit.

The second sending unit is configured to send a detection beam in a beam scanning manner, where the detection beam is used to communicate with a terminal device within the coverage of the first base station.

The receiving unit is configured to receive a user connection notification sent by a terminal device within the coverage of the first base station, and confirm that the terminal device is the user equipment.

As an optional implementation, the acquisition unit 1010 also includes an acquisition subunit and a calculation subunit.

As an optional implementation manner, the judgment unit 1040 also includes a detection sub-unit, the detection sub-unit is used to detect the moving speed of the user equipment, and the judgment unit 1040 is also used to detect the relationship between the first base station and Whether there is the obstacle near the communication line of the user equipment, and for detecting whether the moving speed of the user equipment is greater than the communication limit;

The processing unit 1050 is also configured to formulate an execution strategy based on the results fed back by the judgment unit 1040. The execution strategy includes:

If the judgment unit 1040 detects the obstacle, the first base station sends an inter-cell beam switching instruction to the user equipment and the second base station, and the second base station performs beam alignment with the user equipment;

If the judgment unit 1040 does not detect the obstacle and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is greater than the communication limit, the first base station immediately adds the first beam;

If the judgment unit 1040 does not detect the obstacle, and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is not greater than the communication limit of the first base station, and the processing unit 1050 does not receive the message sent by the user equipment, The first beam alignment notification notifies the acquisition subunit to reacquire the network parameters at the current moment, increases the sensing resource grid parameters, and notifies the calculation subunit to recalculate the optimal beam allocation ratio, so that the acquisition subunit Unit 1010 reacquires the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described devices and modules can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be described again here.

In several embodiments provided in this application, the coupling between modules may be electrical, mechanical or other forms of coupling.

In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically alone, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function modules.

Example 3

Please refer to Figure 11, which is a structural block diagram of a base station 1100 provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application. The base station 1100 in this application may include one or more of the following components: a memory 1110, a processor 1120, and one or more application programs, wherein one or more application programs may be stored in the memory 1110 and configured to be Or multiple processors 1120 execute, and one or more programs are configured to execute the method as described in the foregoing method embodiments.

The memory 1110 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM). Memory 1110 may be used to store instructions, programs, codes, sets of codes, or sets of instructions. The memory 1110 may include a storage program area and a storage data area, where the storage program area may store instructions for implementing an operating system and instructions for implementing at least one function (such as an inter-cell beam switching function, an intra-cell beam switching function, etc.) , instructions for implementing each of the following method embodiments, etc. The storage data area can also store data created by the base station 1100 during use (such as movement speed data of user equipment, location data of obstacles), etc.

Processor 1120 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 1120 uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire base station 1100, and executes the base station by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets or instruction sets stored in the memory 1110, and calling data stored in the memory 1110. 1100's various functions and processing data. Optionally, the processor 1120 can use at least one of digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), field-programmable gate array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), and programmable logic array (Programmable Logic Array, PLA). implemented in hardware form. The processor 1120 may integrate one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU) and a modem. Among them, the CPU mainly handles operating systems and applications, etc.; the modem is used to handle wireless communications. It can be understood that the above modem may not be integrated into the processor 1120 and may be implemented solely through a communication chip.

Example 4

Please refer to FIG. 12 , which shows a structural block diagram of a computer-readable storage medium provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application. Program code is stored in the computer-readable storage medium 1200, and the program code can be called by the processor to execute the method described in the above method embodiment.

The computer readable storage medium 1200 may be electronic memory such as flash memory, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), hard disk, or ROM. Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium 1200 includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (non-transitory computer-readable storage medium). The computer-readable storage medium 1200 has storage space for the program code 1210 that performs any method steps in the above-mentioned methods. These program codes may be read from or written to one or more computer program products. Program code 1210 may, for example, be compressed in a suitable form.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application, but not to limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: it can still Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions are made to some of the technical features; however, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

A beam alignment method, characterized in that the method includes:

S110. The first base station obtains the network parameters, sensing resource grid parameters and random geometric model at the current moment. The network parameters at the current moment include the center frequency f c , symbol length T s , and subcarrier spacing f scs . The first base station obtains the network parameters at the current moment. The network node density λ B of a base station, the network node density λ M of the user equipment, the network node density λ s of the obstacle, the number of beams of the first base station n b , the number of beams of the user equipment number n m , beam switching point density μ g , and
The sensing resource grid parameter N re is the number of total resource grids occupied by sensing resources, and the random geometric model is a function of the beam misalignment probability and the beam allocation ratio α

Among them, X 1 =μ g v max t, X 2 =μ g v min t,

t is the set period, c is the speed of light, v max is the maximum possible user speed preset by the first base station, v min is the minimum possible user speed preset by the first base station,

ω 1 =(λ M +λ S )*2r B , r B is the radius of the network node,

erfc(x) is the complementary error function, and

And the first base station obtains the current time based on the network parameters, sensing resource grid parameters and random geometric model at the current time.
The minimum beam allocation ratio α is used as the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The optimal beam allocation ratio is used to allocate the sensing resources and communication resources of the beam when the beam misalignment probability is minimum. The beam misalignment probability is is the probability that the beam emitted by the first base station cannot be aligned with the user equipment;

S120. Generate the first beam at the current moment according to the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The first beam is used to sense the environment at the current moment through the allocated sensing resources, and is also used to communicate with the allocated communication resources through the User equipment communicates;

S130. Send the first beam to the user equipment at a set period, and detect whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment through the first beam;

S140. If the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam, and the first base station communicates with the user equipment through the first beam, and receives the message sent by the user equipment of the first beam alignment notification, the beam alignment is completed.
The beam alignment method according to claim 1, wherein step S130 further includes:

Send the first beam to the user equipment at a set period, and use the first beam to detect whether there is the obstacle near the communication line between the first base station and the user equipment;

The step S140 also includes:

If the obstacle is detected near the communication line, the first base station sends an inter-cell beam switching instruction to the user equipment and the second base station, and the second base station performs beam alignment with the user equipment.
The beam alignment method according to claim 1, wherein step S130 further includes:

Detect the moving speed and moving path of the user equipment through the first beam, and detect the relationship between the first base station and the user equipment when the user equipment moves according to the moving speed and the moving path. Whether there are obstacles in between;

The step S140 also includes:

If the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is greater than the communication limit of the first base station, the first base station immediately adds the The first beam, the communication limit
Where, E[d b ] is the average beam coverage, and
The beam alignment method according to claim 3, wherein step S140 further includes:

If the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam, and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is not greater than the communication limit of the first base station, and the first base station does not receive The first beam alignment notification sent by the user equipment re-obtains the network parameters at the current moment and increases the sensing resource grid parameters;

According to the reacquired network parameters, the random geometric model, and the increased sensing resource grid parameters, the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment is reacquired.
The beam alignment method according to claim 1, characterized in that before step S110, it further includes:

The first base station sends a detection beam in a beam scanning manner, and the detection beam is used to communicate with terminal equipment within the coverage of the first base station;

The first base station receives the user connection notification sent by the terminal equipment within the coverage of the first base station, and confirms that the terminal equipment is the user equipment.
A beam alignment device, characterized by including:

An acquisition unit configured to acquire the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment in step S110 of claim 1, the optimal beam allocation ratio being used to allocate the sensing resources and communication resources of the beam when the probability of beam misalignment is minimal, The beam misalignment probability is the probability that the beam emitted by the first base station cannot be aligned with the user equipment;

A beam generating unit, configured to generate the first beam at the current moment according to the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment. The first beam is used to sense the environment at the current moment through the allocated sensing resources, and is also used for communication through the allocated sensing resources. resources communicate with said user equipment;

A first sending unit configured to send the first beam to the user equipment;

A judging unit configured to detect whether there is an obstacle between the first base station and the user equipment through the first beam; a processing unit configured to detect if the first base station does not detect the obstacle through the first beam. If the first base station communicates with the user equipment through the first beam and receives the first beam alignment notification sent by the user equipment, the beam alignment is completed.
The beam alignment device according to claim 6, characterized in that the beam alignment device further includes a second sending unit for sending a detection beam in a beam scanning mode, and the detection beam is used to cover the first base station. Communicate with terminal devices within range;

A receiving unit configured to receive a user connection notification sent by a terminal device within the coverage of the first base station, and confirm that the terminal device is the user device;

The judgment unit also includes a detection subunit, the detection subunit is used to detect the moving speed of the user equipment, and the judgment unit is also used to detect whether there is a communication line near the first base station and the user equipment. The obstacle, and used to detect whether the moving speed of the user equipment is greater than the communication limit;

The processing unit is also used to formulate an execution strategy based on the results fed back by the judgment unit. The execution strategy includes:

If the judgment unit detects the obstacle, the first base station sends an inter-cell beam switching instruction to the user equipment and the second base station, and the second base station performs beam alignment with the user equipment;

If the judgment unit does not detect the obstacle and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is greater than the communication limit, the first base station immediately adds the first beam;

If the judgment unit does not detect the obstacle, and detects that the moving speed of the user equipment is not greater than the communication limit of the first base station, and the processing unit does not receive the first message sent by the user equipment, Beam alignment notification notifies the acquisition sub-unit to re-acquire the network parameters at the current moment, increases the sensing resource grid parameters, and notifies the calculation sub-unit to re-calculate the optimal beam allocation ratio, thereby causing the acquisition unit to re-acquire the network parameters at the current moment. Get the optimal beam allocation ratio at the current moment.
A base station is characterized by including:

one or more processors;

memory;

one or more application programs, wherein the one or more application programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs are configured to perform, e.g. The method according to any one of claims 1-5.
A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that program code is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and the program code can be called by a processor to execute the method of any one of claims 1-5.