WO2023203275A1 - Procédés et systèmes pour limiter l'utilisation de liaison terrestre dans des réseaux étendus à faible puissance - Google Patents

Procédés et systèmes pour limiter l'utilisation de liaison terrestre dans des réseaux étendus à faible puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023203275A1
WO2023203275A1 PCT/FI2022/050861 FI2022050861W WO2023203275A1 WO 2023203275 A1 WO2023203275 A1 WO 2023203275A1 FI 2022050861 W FI2022050861 W FI 2022050861W WO 2023203275 A1 WO2023203275 A1 WO 2023203275A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
gateway
server
version
current version
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2022/050861
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Vitaly KLEBAN
Original Assignee
Everynet Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Everynet Oy filed Critical Everynet Oy
Publication of WO2023203275A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023203275A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/16—Gateway arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0813—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
    • H04L41/0816—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H04L45/7453—Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing
    • H04L45/7459—Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing using Bloom filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2483—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
    • H04L63/0227—Filtering policies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/08—Access security
    • H04W12/088—Access security using filters or firewalls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]

Definitions

  • Low power wide area networks employ end devices, gateways, and servers in order to collect data.
  • the gateways are economical such that they do not comprise a high power processor or a large storage capacity.
  • Such lean gateways collect data from end devices and forward it to servers on a backhaul network.
  • Such backhaul networks may employ a variety of communications including cellular wireless networks.
  • a method for limiting backhaul network utilization within a server of a low power wide area network comprising the steps of: compiling a current version of the filter based at least on a current registry of devices of the LPWAN, retrieving an employed version of the filter, compiling an incremental update configured to update the employed version of the filter to the current version of the filter, and transmitting the smaller of the incremental update and the current version of the filter to a gateway of the LPWAN.
  • LPWAN low power wide area network
  • a method for limiting backhaul network utilization between a gateway and a server of a low power wide area network (LPWAN), the gateway having a filter configured to filter information received from end devices of the LPWAN before forwarding said information to the server comprising the steps of: compiling, on the server, a current version of the filter based at least on a current registry of devices of the LPWAN, retrieving, in the server, an employed version of the filter, compiling, on the server, an incremental update configured to update the employed version of the filter to the current version of the filter, transmitting, by the server, the smaller of the incremental update and the current version of the filter to the gateway, receiving, in the gateway, the transmitted incremental update or current version of the filter, modifying the filter on the gateway based on the incremental update or the current version, receiving, in the gateway, messages from the plurality of end devices, the messages containing an end device ID, comparing, in the gateway, the end device ID of each message
  • a non- transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a set of computer readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause an apparatus to at least perform a method in accordance embodiments of the present invention.
  • a computer program configured to cause a method in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • a server of a low power wide area network comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the server at least to: compile a current version of the filter based at least on a current registry of devices of the LPWAN, retrieve an employed version of the filter, compile an incremental update configured to update the employed version of the filter to the current version of the filter, and transmit the smaller of the incremental update and the current version of the filter to a gateway of the LPWAN.
  • LPWAN low power wide area network
  • a gateway of a low power wide area network comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code and a filter configured to filter information received from end devices of the LPWAN before forwarding said information on the backhaul network, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the gateway at least to: receive one of: an incremental update and a current version of the filter, modify the filter based on the incremental update or the current version, receive messages containing an end device ID, compare the end device ID of each message to the filter, and forward to a server only those messages which contain an end device ID which passes the filter.
  • LPWAN low power wide area network
  • FIGURE 1 shows an example LPWAN implementing filters in according with at least some embodiments of the present invention
  • FIGURES 2A and 2B show an example LPWAN capable of supporting at least some embodiments of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an example apparatus capable of supporting at least some embodiments of the present invention.
  • LPWANs such as LoRaWANs, implementing embodiments of the present invention, comprise a number of end devices which transmit information in the form of messages to gateways which then forward that information on to servers.
  • Such LPWANs may comprise a massive number of end devices which transmit to a large number of gateways which them implement a backhaul network to connect to the server.
  • These backhaul networks may be limited in a variety of fashions. For example, the backhaul network may only allow a certain amount of data to be transmitted in a given period without incurring further costs. As another example, the backhaul network may have a limited bandwidth.
  • the gateways themselves may be computationally limited or lean. Therefore, LPWANs implementing embodiments of the present invention may provide for a filtering mechanism employed at the gateway level which is both computationally light and of a size easily implemented on the gateways.
  • Certain embodiments employ space efficient probabilistic data structures, such as Bloom and Cuckoo filters, as filters which are compiled on a server of the LPWAN.
  • space efficient probabilistic data structures such as Bloom and Cuckoo filters, as filters which are compiled on a server of the LPWAN.
  • Such data structures require much less space than a complete registry of devices. For example, a complete list of 100,000 registered devices could be as large as 390.62500 kibibytes whereas a probabilistic data structure could be a tenth that size.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates an LPWAN implementing Allow and Deny filters in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present invention.
  • end device transmits data, for example in the form of messages, to the Gateway.
  • an Allow filter and a Deny filter are employed before transmitting data over the backhaul network to the Server.
  • the Allow filter may be based on a device registry while the Deny filter may be based on a subset of the device registry. Only those messages which pass both filters are forwarded on the backhaul network. For example, only those messages containing an end device ID which passes both the allow filter and the deny filter will be forwarded.
  • At least some embodiments provide for a method for limiting backhaul network utilization within a server, for example the Server of Figure 1, of a low power wide area network (LPWAN), the method comprising the steps of: compiling a current version of the filter based at least on a current registry of devices of the LPWAN, retrieving an employed version of the filter, compiling an incremental update configured to update the employed version of the filter to the current version of the filter, and transmitting the smaller of the incremental update and the current version of the filter to a gateway of the LPWAN.
  • LPWAN low power wide area network
  • a current version of the filter is compiled.
  • the current version of the filter could be constructed based on a current registry of devices.
  • the current version of the filter may also be a probabilistic data structure, for example a probabilistic data structure which is trained based on a current registry of authorized end devices.
  • the current version of the filter may also be compiled based at least on: the current device registry and at least one of: a size restriction and an accuracy restriction. For example, either a variable False Positive Rate (FPR) or a fixed FPR.
  • the current version of the filter may be compiled based at leas ton the current device registry and a False Positive Rate (FPR) restriction.
  • a filter or filter update may be constructed such that it is within said limit.
  • the filter may be compiled with a FPR such that the filter is within the data limit, for example the filter may be compiled iteratively with varying FPRs until a filter is constructed within the data limit.
  • Cuckoo filters according to such data limited embodiments have an EPS parameter which controls the FPR.
  • the filter may be constructed to be the minimum size which still meets the accuracy restriction.
  • At least some servers may retrieve the employed version of the filter by referencing a databased of deployed filters.
  • the servers may receive a message from a gateway indicating the employed version of the filter.
  • Certain embodiments employ an incremental update that comprises a list of added and/or removed devices, for example a list of device IDs, to be applied to the employed version of a filter.
  • Certain embodiments employ an incremental update which a computed edit distance (delta) between the current version of the filter and the employed version of the filter.
  • the computed edit distance may be between binary representations of the current version of the filter and the employed version of the filter.
  • At least some servers of certain embodiments comprise a database of deployed filters from which the employed version of the filter is retrieved.
  • a deny filter as seen in Figure 1 is compiled and transmitted, the deny filter being based at least on a registry of devices restricted from using the backhaul network.
  • the deny filter may be a list.
  • the deny filter may operate in conjunction with the filter, or allow filter, such that the allow filter is employed first. Operating both an allow and deny filter enables the allow filter to have a higher false positive rate, essentially allowing more traffic than it should, while maintaining an overall similar filtering rate.
  • a simple two item deny filter may be transmitted which is much more compact than an update to an allow filter, especially an allow filter which takes the form of a probabilistic data structure.
  • legitimate devices from the registry could theoretically be captured by a malicious actor or malfunction and start to repeat messages. In such a situation only those devices are denied access without affecting the “allow filter”.
  • the filters of embodiments of the present invention allow for smoother operation of LPWANs 200 as shown in Figures 2A and 2B.
  • end devices 12 and 16 of LPWANs are broadcasting messages to gateways A and B which are then transmitted to server 30 over the backhaul network.
  • all messages - regardless of if they are in the LPWAN’s registry - are captured by the gateway as illustrated by messages from bad actor end device 14.
  • employing an allow filter within gateways A and B allows only those messages which are from devices in the registry (A and B) to be forwarded.
  • a further advantage is provided by embodiments employing incremental updates as it allows for one device, potentially even a device in the registry which has been captured or is malfunctioning, device 14 of Figure 2B and thus overusing the backhaul network to be denied, for example by a deny filter, without needing to modify the registry.
  • At least some embodiments employ Bloom or Cuckoo filters. While certain embodiments compress the filter(s) prior to transmission, for example, by compressing the filters after they are compiled into binary code.
  • the incremental update is compiled on a binary level, comprising only the binary differences between the employed version of the filter and the current version of the filter.
  • the filter could be compiled or trained based on devices A, B, C and D, converted to binary code, compressed, say using the ZIP protocol and transmitted for initial use.
  • incremental updates could be provided on a binary level, such updates only requiring the transmission of the binary differences between the initially used filter and the currently desired filter.
  • the gateway is configured to communicate with the server over a wireless network.
  • a wireless network For example a cellular wireless network.
  • At lease some gateways comprise a SIM card and/or MMSI.
  • At least some embodiments find use in systems employing a satellite gateway.
  • the filters must be managed due to the limited power and computational power of the satellite.
  • uplink and downlink to the satellite may be limited.
  • Certain embodiments provide for a method for managing backhaul network utilization in a gateway of a low power wide area network (LPWAN), the gateway comprising a filter configured to filter information received from end devices of the LPWAN before forwarding said information on the backhaul network: the method comprising the steps of: receiving one of: an incremental update and a current version of the filter, modifying the filter based on the incremental update or the current version, receiving messages containing an end device ID, comparing the end device ID of each message to the filter, and forwarding to a server only those messages which contain an end device ID which passes the filter.
  • LPWAN low power wide area network
  • the current version of the filter is received as a probabilistic data structure.
  • the incremental update is received as a list of added and/or removed devices, for example a list of device IDs, to be applied to the employed version of a filter.
  • a deny filter based at least on a registry of devices restricted from using the backhaul network is employed, for example by transmitting to or receiving in the gateway. Only those messages which pass both the filter and the deny filter are forwarded from the gateway to the server.
  • the deny filter may be, for example, a list.
  • the incremental update or current version of the filter is received in a compressed state.
  • the incremental update is received as a binary, and the gateway modifies the filter by applying the binary.
  • At least some embodiments provide for a method for limiting backhaul network utilization between a gateway and a server of a low power wide area network (LPWAN), the gateway having a filter configured to filter information received from end devices of the LPWAN before forwarding said information to the server, the method comprising the steps of: compiling, on the server, a current version of the filter based at least on a current registry of devices of the LPWAN, retrieving, in the server, an employed version of the filter, compiling, on the server, an incremental update configured to update the employed version of the filter to the current version of the filter, transmitting, by the server, the smaller of the incremental update and the current version of the filter to the gateway, receiving, in the gateway, the transmitted incremental update or current version of the filter, modifying the filter on the gateway based on the incremental update or the current version, receiving, in the gateway, messages from the plurality of end devices, the messages containing an end device ID, comparing, in the gateway, the end device ID of each message to the modified filter, and
  • Certain embodiment provide for a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a set of computer readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause an apparatus to at least perform a method in accordance with at least another embodiment of the invention.
  • Some embodiments provide a computer program configured to cause a method in accordance with at least one other embodiment.
  • At least some gateways of lower power wide area networks comprise at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code and a filter configured to filter information received from end devices of the LPWAN before forwarding said information on the backhaul network, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the gateway at least to: receive one of: an incremental update and a current version of the filter, modify the filter based on the incremental update or the current version, receive messages containing an end device ID, compare the end device ID of each message to the filter, and forward to a server only those messages which contain an end device ID which passes the filter.
  • LPWANs lower power wide area networks
  • a server of a low power wide area network comprising at least one processing core, at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code being configured to, with the at least one processing core, cause the server at least to: compile a current version of the filter based at least on a current registry of devices of the LPWAN, retrieve an employed version of the filter, compile an incremental update configured to update the employed version of the filter to the current version of the filter, transmit the smaller of the incremental update and the current version of the filter to a gateway of the LPWAN.
  • LPWAN low power wide area network
  • FIGURE 3 illustrates an example apparatus capable of supporting at least some embodiments of the present invention.
  • device 300 which may comprise, for example: any of the participants in a LPWAN systems discussed herein, such as: an end device, gateway or server.
  • processor 310 which may comprise, for example, a single- or multi-core processor wherein a single-core processor comprises one processing core and a multi-core processor comprises more than one processing core.
  • Processor 310 may comprise a Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 processor, for example.
  • Processor 310 may comprise more than one processor.
  • a processing core may comprise, for example, a Cortex- A8 processing core manufactured by Intel Corporation or a Brisbane processing core produced by Advanced Micro Devices Corporation.
  • Processor 310 may comprise at least one application-specific integrated circuit, ASIC.
  • Processor 310 may comprise at least one field-programmable gate array, FPGA.
  • the aforementioned processor types are non-limiting examples, alternatively an Intel i7 processor, or another suitable type of processor, may be employed.
  • Device 300 may comprise memory 320.
  • Memory 320 may comprise randomaccess memory and/or permanent memory.
  • Memory 320 may comprise at least one RAM chip.
  • Memory 320 may comprise magnetic, optical and/or holographic memory.
  • Memory 320 may be at least in part accessible to processor 310.
  • Memory 320 may be means for storing information.
  • Memory 320 may comprise computer instructions that processor 310 is configured to execute. When computer instructions configured to cause processor 310 to perform certain actions are stored in memory 320, and device 300 overall is configured to run under the direction of processor 310 using computer instructions from memory 320, processor 310 and/or its at least one processing core may be considered to be configured to perform said certain actions.
  • Device 300 may comprise a transmitter 330.
  • Device 300 may comprise a receiver 340.
  • Transmitter 330 and receiver 340 may be configured to transmit and receive, respectively, information in accordance with systems, for example, transmitter 330 may transmit information to a monitor for display to a user, and/or receiver 340 may receive input information concerning a location and/or orientation of a further device.
  • Device 300 may comprise a near-field communication, NFC, transceiver 350.
  • NFC transceiver 350 may support at least one NFC technology, such as NFC, Bluetooth, Wibree or similar technologies.
  • Device 300 may comprise user interface, UI, 360.
  • UI 360 may comprise at least one of a display, a keyboard and a touchscreen.
  • a user may be able to operate device 300 via UI 360, for example to start or terminate execution of programs.
  • Processor 310 may be furnished with a transmitter arranged to output information from processor 310, via electric leads internal to device 300, to other devices comprised in device 300.
  • a transmitter may comprise a serial bus transmitter arranged to, for example, output information via at least one electric lead to memory 320 for storage therein.
  • the transmitter may comprise a parallel bus transmitter.
  • processor 310 may comprise a receiver arranged to receive information in processor 310, via electrical leads internal to device 300, from other devices comprised in device 300.
  • Such a receiver may comprise a serial bus receiver arranged to; for example, receive information via at least one electric lead from receiver 340 for processing in processor 310.
  • the receiver may comprise a parallel bus receiver.
  • Device 300 may comprise further devices not illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • device 300 comprises a computer device, it may comprise at least one clock or auxiliary power unit, APU to provide battery power in case of mains power failure.
  • APU auxiliary power unit
  • Processor 310, memory 320, transmitter 330, receiver 340, NFC transceiver 350 and/or UI 360 may be interconnected by electric leads internal to device 300 in a multitude of different ways.
  • each of the aforementioned devices may be separately connected to a master bus internal to device 300, to allow the devices to exchange information.
  • this is only one example and depending on the embodiment, various ways of interconnecting at least two of the aforementioned devices may be selected without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the incremental update comprises a list of added and/or removed devices, for example a list of device IDs, to be applied to the employed version of a filter.
  • the server comprises a database of deployed filters from which the employed version of the filter is retrieved.
  • the incremental update comprises a computed edit distance (delta) between the current version of the filter and the employed version of the filter.
  • the filter(s) are selected from: Bloom and Cuckoo filters.
  • the filter(s) is/are compressed prior to transmission, for example, compressed after compiling into binary code.
  • the gateway is configured to communicate with a server over a wireless network.
  • the gateway comprises a SIM card and/or MMSI.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon a set of computer readable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause an apparatus to at least perform a method in accordance with at least one of clauses 1 - 49.
  • a computer program configured to cause a method in accordance with at least one of clauses 1 - 49 be performed.

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et des systèmes pour limiter l'utilisation d'un réseau de liaison terrestre dans des réseaux étendus à faible puissance par compilation d'une version courante du filtre sur la base au moins d'un registre courant de dispositifs du LPWAN, récupération d'une version employée du filtre, compilation d'une mise à jour incrémentielle configurée pour mettre à jour la version employée du filtre à la version courante du filtre, et transmission de la plus petite de la mise à jour incrémentielle et de la version courante du filtre à une passerelle du LPWAN.
PCT/FI2022/050861 2022-04-22 2022-12-21 Procédés et systèmes pour limiter l'utilisation de liaison terrestre dans des réseaux étendus à faible puissance WO2023203275A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US202263333565P 2022-04-22 2022-04-22
US63/333,565 2022-04-22

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Citations (3)

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US20190349426A1 (en) * 2016-12-30 2019-11-14 Intel Corporation The internet of things
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