WO2023200279A1

WO2023200279A1 - Method for increasing block data generation speed through double chain structure in blockchain

Info

Publication number: WO2023200279A1
Application number: PCT/KR2023/005045
Authority: WO
Inventors: 이정우
Original assignee: 주식회사 아티프렌즈
Priority date: 2022-04-15
Filing date: 2023-04-13
Publication date: 2023-10-19

Abstract

A method for increasing block data generation speed through a double chain structure in a blockchain, according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: by a validator, in a main blockchain, collecting and hashing transaction data propagated by network users; by the validator, adding a signature of the validator to the transaction data hashed and generating block data for the main blockchain; by network participants, verifying the consistency of the block data and determining whether to synchronize the corresponding block data with their own blockchains; by the network participants, in an auxiliary blockchain, generating block data for the auxiliary blockchain by using a block hash of a previous block and received data of a final main block; and by the network participants, adopting, as a validator, any network participant who created a block in which a transaction is confirmed.

Description

How to increase block data creation speed through dual chain structure in blockchain

The present invention relates to blockchain, and more specifically, to increase the speed of block data creation through a double chain structure in a blockchain, which can speed up the creation of block data while maintaining decentralization through a double chain structure in a blockchain. It's about method.

Conventional blockchain technologies include Bitcoin, which is called the first generation blockchain technology, Ethereum, which is called the second generation blockchain technology, and Hyperledger, which is called the 2.5 generation blockchain technology. There is technology.

Bitcoin and Ethereum guarantee complete decentralization and have the advantage of strong security as they can connect multiple nodes, but it takes at least 1 hour for Bitcoin and about 2 minutes for Ethereum to confirm a transaction. . The 2.5 generation blockchain technology, which was developed to overcome these limitations, has the advantage of short transaction confirmation time, but security has been weakened by giving up decentralization and connecting only a small number of nodes.

Bitcoin and Ethereum use the PoW (Proof of Work) algorithm to confirm transactions. PoW processes transactions through competition among network participants, and uses the computing power of all network participants to confirm one block data. It is a method of investing for a certain period of time. To forge/falsify data confirmed through this method, you must invest computing power equal to the amount of computing power consumed to confirm it and recalculate it to create block data. Therefore, as the number of such blocks increases, the difficulty in forging/tampering with the block data increases and the security becomes increasingly secure.

However, there is a disadvantage in that it takes a certain amount of time to confirm data, so to improve speed, later 2.5 generation blockchain technologies adopted algorithms such as PoS (Proof of Stake) and PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance). These algorithms adopt a small number of network participants to confirm transactions and assign them the role of verifiers to confirm data. The small number of validators adopted perform data confirmation processing at high speed, and as the number of validators increases, the transaction confirmation speed becomes slower.

Bitcoin, the first generation blockchain technology, and Ethereum, the second generation blockchain technology, have the disadvantage that transaction confirmation speed is very slow to be used in real life. Bitcoin takes at least 1 hour for one transaction to be confirmed, and can process up to 3 transactions per second. Ethereum takes at least 1 minute and 30 seconds for one transaction to be confirmed, and can process up to 20 transactions per second. This is because the PoW (Proof of Work) algorithm is used to confirm transactions, and the 2.5 generation blockchain technologies that emerged to solve the shortcomings have the problem of giving up decentralization and security, the most powerful elements of blockchain. there is.

In particular, blockchain technologies that adopt the role of a verifier have the problem that there is no way to control if a network participant performing the role of a verifier engages in malicious behavior, and the method of selecting the verifier is such as stake, authentication, etc. If a method other than a method that a computer can automatically process is adopted, a human, rather than a pure computing algorithm, must frequently intervene in the network settings to manage the network. If such management is stopped, the blockchain network may be destroyed or threatened. /There is a problem with it being tampered with.

For example, if the verifier has already created block data and attempts to overwrite the block data by creating a signature again, the third party will not know which block data should be synchronized since both block data are correct. Judgment is impossible. In this situation, the blockchain network cannot decide on a single piece of data and forks, resulting in the entire blockchain network being destroyed without artificial intervention.

Current technologies are ultimately classified into either adopting the PoW method and giving up speed and scalability and strengthening decentralization and security, or adopting other methods and giving up decentralization and security and strengthening speed and scalability. . Therefore, in conventional blockchain technology, it is considered impossible to simultaneously satisfy these problems, namely decentralization, security, and scalability, and this is called a trilemma.

Meanwhile, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2173426 (Patent Document 1) discloses “a signature and verification system and method based on a public key infrastructure that supports privacy protection in a DID environment,” and the resulting decentralized identity verification A signature and verification method based on a public key infrastructure in an environment includes the steps of a holder terminal notifying an agenda; A step where the issuer terminal transmits an electronically signed transaction expressing the opinion regarding the matter to the blockchain network using a public certificate issued by the authenticator terminal; Aggregating the transactions in an aggregation contract of the blockchain network and storing them in blockchain storage; transmitting the number counted for the agenda to an agenda manager contract; Communicating whether preset conditions for the agenda are satisfied to a verification contract; The verification contract includes verifying the electronic signature included in the transaction with a public key corresponding to the public certificate delivered from the authentication chain contract; And when verification is confirmed, it is characterized in that it includes the step of transmitting to the verifier terminal.

As described above, in the case of Patent Document 1, it is applicable to a system in which an individual performs the role of a valid issuer in a DID (Decentralized IDentity) environment and the holder secures majority support by obtaining the individual's consent, and the account It can respond to Sybil attacks, which attack by creating a large number of , and has the advantage of solving privacy issues (i.e., decentralization and security issues can be solved), but speed and expansion in blockchain It does not provide a solution to the gender problem.

The present invention was created by comprehensively considering the above matters, and adopts a method of having a validator node to enhance speed and scalability, and a method of selecting a validator node to strengthen decentralization and security. It uses the PoW (Proof of Work) algorithm, but introduces a main chain to process data and an auxiliary chain to select verifiers to speed up the creation of block data while maintaining decentralization in the blockchain through a dual chain structure. The purpose is to provide a method to increase the speed of block data creation through a double chain structure in blockchain.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention is,

a) In the main blockchain, a validator collects transaction data propagated by network users and hashes it;

b) the verifier adding the verifier's signature to the hashed transaction data to generate block data of the main blockchain;

c) network participants verifying the consistency of the block data and deciding whether to synchronize the block data to their own blockchain;

d) in the auxiliary blockchain, the network participants generate block data of the auxiliary blockchain using the block hash of the previous block and the received data of the final main block; and

e) It is characterized in that it includes the step of the network participants adopting a random network participant who created the block in which the transaction was confirmed as a verifier.

Here, in step a), when the verifier collects and hashes the transaction data, the block hash of the previous block, transaction data (TX data), and the time that the transaction to be recorded in the block will have. It can be hashed by applying the upper limit of the value (Standard Timestamp) and the validator's signature data discovered during the consensus process to the hash function to generate a block hash of the current block.

Additionally, when the network participants verify the consistency of the block data in step c), the consistency of the block data can be verified through the public key of the verifier.

In addition, in step c), the network participants verify the consistency of the block data and decide whether to synchronize the block data to their own blockchain,

c-1) Determining whether the transaction data (TX Data) is suitable for processing;

c-2) If the transaction data (TX Data) is only data suitable for processing in the above determination, determining whether the signature value of the verifier's signature data is correct and whether all verifiers are verifiers;

c-3) If the signature value of the verifier's signature data is correct in the determination of step c-2) and all verifiers are verifiers, determining whether the signatures of all verifiers have been collected;

c-4) If the signatures of all verifiers were not collected in the determination of step c-3), determining whether more than half of the signatures share the same data (i.e., a block adopted by the majority); and

c-5) In the determination of step c-4), if the signatures sharing the same data are not more than the majority, the data is resynchronized and the process returns to step c-1), and if the signatures sharing the same data are more than the majority, the network participants It can be configured to include the step of synchronizing the corresponding block data to the blockchain you own.

At this time, when synchronizing the block data in step c-5), if the priority cannot be determined among the block data generated by the verifiers, the network participants give priority to the block data held by other participants in the main Blockchain synchronization can be performed.

At this time, if the block data are tied, the main blockchain can be synchronized by randomly selecting one block data.

At this time, if the signatures of all verifiers have been collected in the determination in step c-3), the corresponding block data can be synchronized to the blockchain held by the network participant.

In addition, in step d), the network participants generate block data of the auxiliary blockchain using the block hash of the previous block and the received data of the final main block,

d-1) Obtaining the block hash value by applying the block hash of the previous block, the received data of the final main block, and the time value (Timestamp) of the transaction to be recorded in the block to the hash function;

d-2) determining whether the obtained block hash value has a value smaller than the difficulty hash;

d-3) If the block hash value is smaller than the difficulty hash in the determination, confirming the block data; and

d-4) If the block hash value does not have a value smaller than the difficulty hash, the step of changing the nonce may be included.

In addition, in step e), when the network participants adopt the network participant who created the block in which the transaction was confirmed as a verifier, the network participants confirm the transaction from the time of confirmation of the final block to a plurality of previous blocks in the auxiliary blockchain. After setting it as a confirmed block, any network participant who created the block in which the transaction was confirmed can be adopted as a validator.

According to the present invention, by using a dual chain structure that organically connects the main blockchain that uses a block creation algorithm by a verifier and the auxiliary blockchain that uses a PoW algorithm that generates blocks by consuming computing power, It has the advantage of solving the trilemma of blockchain technology, which was pointed out as a problem of the conventional technology, and of improving speed and scalability by quickly processing transactions while sufficiently securing and maintaining decentralization and security.

Figure 1 is a flowchart showing the execution process of a method for increasing block data generation speed through a dual chain structure in a blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a diagram showing the process of generating a block hash in the main blockchain in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a diagram showing block data recorded in the main blockchain in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a diagram showing a subroutine for verifying block data in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through the double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a diagram showing the process of generating block data in an auxiliary blockchain in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 6 is a diagram showing block data generated by network participants in an auxiliary blockchain in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 7 is a diagram showing a method of adopting a verifier in an auxiliary blockchain in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 8 is a diagram showing a case where all validators are adopted in one region in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a dual chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Figure 9 is a diagram showing a case where validators are distributed in all nine regions around the world in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a dual chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

Figure 1 is a flowchart showing the execution process of a method for increasing block data generation speed through a dual chain structure in a blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 1, the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention first involves a validator in the main blockchain collecting transaction data propagated by network users. Hash it (step S101). Here, when the verifier collects and hashes the transaction data, as shown in FIG. 2, the previous block's block hash (Previous Blockhash) 210 and transaction data (TX data) 220 ), the upper limit of the time value of the transaction to be recorded in the block (Standard Timestamp) (230), and the validator's signature data (Seal) (240) discovered during the consensus process are applied to the Hash Function. It can be hashed by creating a blockhash (250) of the current block.

Additionally, the verifier adds the verifier's signature to the hashed transaction data to generate block data 310 of the main blockchain as shown in FIG. 3 (step S102). In the block data 310 of FIG. 3, 'Height' represents the block number.

When block data is created in this way, network participants verify the consistency of the block data and decide whether to synchronize the block data to their own blockchain (step S103). Here, when the network participants verify the consistency of the block data, they can verify the consistency of the block data through the public key of the verifier. Here, determining whether to synchronize the block data will be described again later.

Thereafter, in the auxiliary blockchain, the network participants use the block hash of the previous block and the received data of the final main block to generate block data 610 of the auxiliary blockchain as shown in FIG. 6 (step S104 ). Here, the block data of this auxiliary blockchain includes the block number (Height), the time value of the transaction to be recorded in the block (Timestamp), the block hash of the previous block (Previous Blockhash), and the block hash of the current block. ), Nonce, Difficulty, Main Block Height, Main Block Blockhash, Validator, Miner, Package of received data (Receipt Data) may be included. Here, the creation of block data for this auxiliary blockchain will be explained later.

After the block data of the auxiliary blockchain is created as described above, the network participants adopt a random network participant who created the block in which the transaction was confirmed as a verifier (step S105). Here, when the network participants adopt the network participant who created the block in which the transaction was confirmed as the verifier, as shown in FIG. 7, the network participants receive a plurality of (e.g., For example, after setting up to 6 previous blocks as transaction-confirmed blocks, any network participant who created the transaction-confirmed block can be adopted as a verifier.

Referring to FIG. 4, this is a subroutine for the step in step S103 of FIG. 1 where the network participants verify the consistency of the block data and decide whether to synchronize the block data to their own blockchain. First, It is determined whether the transaction data (TX Data) is suitable for processing (step S401).

In the above determination, if the transaction data (TX Data) is only data suitable for processing, it is determined whether the signature value of the verifier's signature data is correct and whether they are all verifiers (step S402).

In step S402, if the signature value of the verifier's signature data is correct and all verifiers are verifiers, it is determined whether the signatures of all verifiers have been collected (step S403).

If the signatures of all verifiers have not been collected in the determination in step S403, it is determined whether more than half of the signatures share the same data (i.e., a block adopted by the majority) (step S404).

In the determination in step S404, if more than half of the signatures share the same data, the data is resynchronized (step S405) and the process returns to step S401. And if more than half of the signatures share the same data, the corresponding block data is synchronized to the blockchain held by the network participant (step S406).

At this time, when synchronizing block data in step S406, if the priority cannot be determined among the block data generated by verifiers, the network participants prioritize the block data held by other participants in the main blockchain. Synchronization can be performed.

At this time, if the signatures of all verifiers have been collected in the determination in step S403, the corresponding block data can be synchronized to the blockchain held by the network participant.

Referring to FIG. 5, this shows the process in which the network participants generate block data of the auxiliary blockchain using the block hash of the previous block and the received data of the final main block in step S104 of FIG. 1. First, the previous block The block hash (510), the received data (530) of the final main block (520), the time value of the transaction to be recorded in the block (Timestamp) (540), the nonce, etc. are stored in the hash function. Apply it to obtain the block hash value (step S506).

Then, it is determined whether the obtained block hash value has a value smaller than the difficulty hash (step S507).

If the block hash value is smaller than the difficulty hash in the determination in step S507, the block data is confirmed (step S508).

And if the block hash value does not have a value smaller than the difficulty hash in the determination in step S507, the nonce is changed (step S509).

Meanwhile, Figure 8 is a diagram showing a case where all validators are adopted in one region in the method of increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention, and Figure 9 is a diagram showing the case where all validators are adopted in the blockchain according to the present invention. This is a diagram showing a method of increasing block data generation speed through a dual chain structure, where validators are distributed across 9 regions around the world.

Referring to Figures 8 and 9, shows the simulation results of a method for increasing the block data generation speed through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention, for example, western United States, eastern United States, Canada, Brazil, United Kingdom, and Korea. , a simulation experiment was conducted by building a total of 900 nodes, 100 each in 9 regions of Japan, Germany, and Singapore, and loading the blockchain engine "Chain" implemented with the corresponding algorithm on a computer. In FIGS. 8 and 9, the term “check round” refers to the time taken for the first verifier to check the location of another verifier, and is proportional to the physical distance from the first verifier to the other verifier. "check tracker" is the time taken for all verifiers to complete checking the locations of other validators, "collectApiChunk" is the time taken for all verifiers to confirm signatures on block data, and is the time block data was confirmed, "collectBroadcastChunk" " refers to the time it takes for network participants to receive block data broadcast, and represents the time it takes for service users to actually recognize the block data.

Figure 8 is a case where all verifiers are adopted in one region (Best Case). As can be seen in the screen of Figure 8, time required for verifier confirmation of the first verifier: 0.016 seconds, verifier confirmation required for all verifiers. Time: 0.03 seconds, this verification shows that the number of transactions included in the block to be registered in the main blockchain: 707, block confirmation time: 0.241 seconds, block confirmation recognition time: 0.269 seconds, maximum number of transactions per second that can be processed: 2628. there is.

Figure 9 shows the worst case where the verifiers are distributed in all 9 regions around the world. As can be seen in the screen of Figure 9, the time required for verification of the first verifier: 0.408 seconds, verification of all verifiers. Verification time: 0.82 seconds, number of transactions included in the block to be registered in the main blockchain in this verification: 7182, block confirmation time: 6.115 seconds, block confirmation recognition time: 6.932 seconds, maximum number of transactions per second possible: 1036 You can see that it is.

Bitcoin takes at least 1 hour for one transaction to be confirmed, on average it takes 2 to 6 hours, and a maximum of 3 transactions can be processed per second. Ethereum takes at least 1 minute and 30 seconds for one transaction to be confirmed, on average it takes 2 to 5 minutes, and can process up to 20 transactions per second.

However, as can be seen from the simulation results above, the blockchain technology using the method according to the present invention takes at least 1 second for one transaction to be confirmed, and on average, it takes about 2 to 6 seconds. It has the advantage of being able to process up to 2000 transactions per second.

As described above, the method of increasing the speed of block data generation through a double chain structure in the blockchain according to the present invention uses a main blockchain that uses a block creation algorithm by a verifier and a PoW algorithm that generates blocks by consuming computing power. By using a dual chain structure that organically connects the auxiliary blockchains used, the trilemma of blockchain technology, which was pointed out as a problem with conventional technology, is solved and transactions are processed quickly while sufficiently securing and maintaining decentralization and security. This has the advantage of improving speed and scalability.

Above, the present invention has been described in detail through preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes and applications can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. Self-explanatory to technicians. Therefore, the true scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted in accordance with the following claims, and all technical ideas within the equivalent scope should be interpreted as being included in the scope of rights of the present invention.

Claims

a) In the main blockchain, a validator collects transaction data propagated by network users and hashes it;

b) the verifier adding the verifier's signature to the hashed transaction data to generate block data of the main blockchain;

c) network participants verifying the consistency of the block data and deciding whether to synchronize the block data to their own blockchain;

d) in the auxiliary blockchain, the network participants generate block data of the auxiliary blockchain using the block hash of the previous block and the received data of the final main block; and

e) A method of increasing the speed of block data generation through a dual chain structure in a blockchain, including the step of the network participants adopting a random network participant who created a block in which a transaction is confirmed as a verifier.
According to paragraph 1,

In step a), when the verifier collects and hashes the transaction data, the block hash of the previous block, transaction data (TX data), and the time value of the transaction to be recorded in the block are used. In a blockchain characterized by hashing by applying the upper limit (Standard Timestamp) and the validator's signature data discovered during the consensus process to a hash function to generate a block hash of the current block, through a double chain structure. How to increase block data creation speed.
According to paragraph 1,

In step c), when the network participants verify the consistency of the block data, the consistency of the block data is verified through the public key of the verifier. Block data generation speed through a double chain structure in a blockchain. How to promote.
According to paragraph 1,

In step c), the network participants verify the consistency of the block data and decide whether to synchronize the block data to their own blockchain,

c-1) Determining whether the transaction data (TX Data) is suitable for processing;

c-2) If the transaction data (TX Data) is only data suitable for processing in the above determination, determining whether the signature value of the verifier's signature data is correct and whether all verifiers are verifiers;

c-3) If the signature value of the verifier's signature data is correct in the determination of step c-2) and all verifiers are verifiers, determining whether the signatures of all verifiers have been collected;

c-4) If the signatures of all verifiers were not collected in the determination of step c-3), determining whether more than half of the signatures share the same data; and

c-5) In the determination of step c-4), if the signatures sharing the same data are not more than the majority, the data is resynchronized and the process returns to step c-1), and if the signatures sharing the same data are more than the majority, the network participants A method of increasing the speed of block data creation through a dual chain structure in a blockchain, which includes the step of synchronizing the corresponding block data to the blockchain owned by the user.
According to paragraph 4,

When synchronizing block data in step c-5), if the priority cannot be determined among the block data generated by verifiers, the network participants prioritize the block data held by other participants in the main blockchain. A method of increasing the speed of block data creation through a dual chain structure in a blockchain, characterized by performing synchronization.
According to clause 5,

If the block data are tied, a method of increasing the speed of block data generation through a double chain structure in a blockchain, characterized in that one block data is randomly selected and the main blockchain is synchronized.
According to paragraph 4,

If the signatures of all verifiers have been collected in the determination in step c-3), the block data is synchronized to the blockchain held by the network participant. A method of increasing the speed of block data generation through a double chain structure in a blockchain. .
According to paragraph 1,

In step d), the network participants generate block data of the auxiliary blockchain using the block hash of the previous block and the received data of the final main block,

d-1) Obtaining the block hash value by applying the block hash of the previous block, the received data of the final main block, and the time value (Timestamp) of the transaction to be recorded in the block to the hash function;

d-2) determining whether the obtained block hash value has a value smaller than the difficulty hash;

d-3) If the block hash value is smaller than the difficulty hash in the determination, confirming the block data; and

d-4) If the block hash value does not have a value smaller than the difficulty hash in the determination, changing the nonce is a block through a double chain structure in the blockchain. How to increase data generation speed.
According to paragraph 1,

In step e), when the network participants adopt the network participant who created the block in which the transaction was confirmed as a verifier, the network participants have confirmed the transaction in the auxiliary blockchain from the time of confirmation of the final block to a plurality of previous blocks. A method of increasing the speed of block data generation through a dual chain structure in a blockchain, characterized by adopting a random network participant who created a block with a confirmed transaction as a verifier after setting it as a block.
According to paragraph 1,

In step d), the block data of the auxiliary blockchain generated by the network participants in the auxiliary blockchain using the block hash of the previous block and the received data of the final main block includes the block number (Height) and the block data to be recorded in the block. Time value of the transaction (Timestamp), previous block's blockhash, current block's blockhash, nonce, difficulty, main block number (Main Block Height, Block data generation through a double chain structure in a blockchain characterized by including the main block blockhash, validator, miner, and receipt data. How to increase speed.